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123-143)
GUIDED NOTES: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
1. Define the following terms
a. autotrophs- an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances
such as carbon dioxide.
b. heterotrophs-an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
c. digestion-the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal
into substances that can be used by the body.
d. catabolism-the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the
release of energy; destructive metabolism..
e. aerobic respiration-A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy.
f. anaerobic respiration-s a form of respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. Although oxygen is
not used as the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain; it is
respiration without oxygen.
g. fermentation-the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically
involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
2. In what bonds is the chemical energy stored in fats and in carbohydrates?
20. What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?
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21. Describe the role of the Electron Transport Chain. What happens to the electrons and H+?
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22. What is chemiosmosis and how is it generated?
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I know you cannot write on this diagram but you can label it and draw arrows. You can also add in textboxes.
31. Fermentation
a. Alcoholic fermentation converts glucose to ____________________________________
b. Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? ____________________________
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c. Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose to ___________________________________
d. Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? __________________________
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32. Big Picture Thought Questions
a. Why do we eat? __________________________________________________________
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b. Why do we breathe? ______________________________________________________
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