2.

At a certain hospital, 75% of the interns receive fewer than 6 hours of sleep and report feeling tired during their shifts. At the same time, 70% of the interns who receive 6 or more hours of sleep report no feelings of tiredness. If 80% of the interns receive fewer than 6 hours of sleep, what percent of the interns report no feelings of tiredness during their shifts? 6 14 19 20 81

Tired Not Tired TOTAL

< 6 hours sleep 75 80

>= 6 hours sleep 0.7*X X

TOTAL ? 100

Interns who receive < than 6 hours sleep and Not Tired = 80 - 75 = 5; TOTAL interns who receive >= 6 hours sleep = 100 - 80 = 20, so interns who receive >= 6 hours sleep and are Not Tired = 0.7 * 20 =14; Interns who are Not Tired = 5 + 14 = 19. Answer: C.

3. All of the students of Music High School are in the band, the orchestra, or both. 80 percent of the students are in only one group. There are 119 students in the band. If 50 percent of the students are in the band only, how many students are in the orchestra only? Answer: B (51) 4. How many attendees are at a convention if 150 of the attendees are neither female nor students, one-sixth of the attendees are female students, two-thirds of the attendees are female, and one-third of the attendees are students? 300 450 600 800 900 Answer: E(900) 5. Eighty percent of the lights at Hotel California are on at 8 p.m. a certain evening. However, forty percent of the lights that are supposed to be off are actually on and ten percent of the lights that are supposed to be on are actually off. What percent of the lights that are on are supposed to be off? 22(2/9)% 16(2/3)% 11(1/9)% 10% 5%
Assuming 100 lights, our double set matrix would look like: Code:

-----------| supposed to be off | supposed to be on | total actual off | | .1(100-x) | -------------------------------------------------------------actual on | .4x | | 80 -------------------------------------------------------------total | x | 100-x | 100 We can continue to fill out the table. Code: -----------| supposed to be off | supposed to be on | total actual off | .6x | .1(100-x) | 20 -------------------------------------------------------------actual on | .4x | .9(100-x) | 80 -------------------------------------------------------------total | x | 100-x | 100 Our question is: What percent of the lights that are switched on are supposed to be switched off? So we are looking for the numerical value of (.4x/80) *100% or (x/2) % We can figure out using the lights actually on that .4x + .9(100 - x) = 80 .4x + 90 - .9x = 80 .5x = 10 x = 20 (Alternately, you can also use the lights actually off) so (x/2)% = 10% I got (D)

Second approach

when you encounter with a question related to "percentage", it's easier for you to just intellectually pick a number that covers the percentages of the question, and then solve the problem with that number. This approach makes the question tangible. So, for this question, I pick the number 100 for lights. that is, i suppose the total lights are 100. According to the question, 80% of lights are on at a certain time. So: 80% * 100=80 That is in my approach, 80 lights are on, and 20 other lights, (100-80=20) are off. In continue, the question says: forty percent of the lights that are supposed to be off are actually on 40% * 20 = 8 That is, 20 lights are supposed to be off, but 8 of them are on now.

again in continue, the question says: ten percent of the lights that are supposed to be on are actually off 10% * 80 = 8 that is, 80 lights are supposed to be on, but 8 lights of them are off now. so the total number of lights which are on is: 80 + 8 - 8 = 80 To calculate the percentage: (8/80)*100=10 let me know if my explanation is clear : )

6. Of the 645 speckled trout in a certain fishery that contains only speckled and rainbow trout, the number of males is 45 more than twice the number of females. If the ratio of female speckled trout to male rainbow trout is 4:3 and the ratio of male rainbow trout to all trout is 3:20, how many female rainbow trout are there? 192 195 200 205 208 Whenever you have a problem that presents two either-or categories (male or female, rainbow or speckled), the best way to approach the problem is to set up a matrix as follows:

Use M and F to represent the total number of males and females, respectively. We know that together they add up to the total number, so: M + F = 645 If the number of males is 45 more than twice the number of females, then: M = 45 + 2F

Now we have a system of equations - 2 equations and 2 variables - so we can substitute for M: (45 + 2F) + F = 645 3F = 600 F = 200 M = 445 If the ratio of female speckled to male rainbow is 4/3, we know that the number of female speckled is 200, so: (200/x) = (4/3) 4x = 600 x = 150 There are 150 male rainbow trout, so put that in the the grid. If the ratio of male rainbow to all trout is 3/20, then: (150/y) = (3/20) 3Y = 3000 Y = 1000

There are 1,000 total trout. Once we add this to our grid, we can easily solve for the number of female rainbow trout. There are 645 speckled trout and 1000 total trout, so: 1000 - 645 = 355 There are 355 total rainbow trout. Total rainbow trout - male rainbow trout = female rainbow trout, so: 355 - 150 = 205

There are 205 female rainbow trout. The answer is D

2nd approach: All trout = male rainbow + female rainbow + total speckled. Since male rainbow : all trout = 3:20 and total speckled = 645, we get: 20x = 3x + female rainbow + 645 17x = female rainbow + 645. The answer choices represent the number of female rainbow trout. The equation above implies that the sum of the correct answer choice and 645 must be a multiple of 17. Only D works: 205+645 = 850 = 17*50. The correct answer is D.

7. 30% of major airline companies equip their planes with wireless internet access. 70% of major airlines offer passengers free on-board snacks. What is the greatest possible percentage of major airline companies that offer both wireless internet and free on-board snacks? 21% 30% 40% 50% 70% The answer is B.

8. In country Z, 10% of the people do not have a university diploma but have the job of their choice, and 25% of the people who do not have the job of their choice have a university diploma. If 40% of the people have the job of their choice, what percent of the people have a university diploma? 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% Sol: out of 100, 40 have desired jobs and 60 don't have. out of 60,25% have university degree = 0.25 * 60 = 15 out of 40,10 do not have university degree but have desired job. thus 30 have desired job as well as university degree hence total = 30 + 15 = 45 have university degree.

9. Seventy percent of the 800 students in School T are male. At least ten percent of the female students in School T participate in a sport. Fewer than thirty percent of the male students in School T do not participate in a sport. What is the maximum possible number of students in School T who do not participate in a sport? 216 383 384 416 417 Sol: Female students = 30% of 800 =240 90% of female students = 216 (do not participate) 30% of male students = 30% of 70% of 800 = 168 The questions says fewer than 30% of male students did not participate, hence the number of males students who did not participate is 167. The maximum possible number of students who did not participate = 216 + 167 = 383 10. 75% of the guestrooms at the Stagecoach Inn have a queen-sized bed, and each of the remaining rooms has a king-sized bed. Of the non-smoking rooms, 60% have a queen-sized bed. If 10% of the rooms at the Stagecoach Inn are non-smoking rooms with king-sized beds, what percentage of the rooms permit smoking? 25% 30% 50% 55% 75% Use the box

11. At the end of the day, February 14th, a florist had 120 roses left in his shop, all of which were red, white or pink in color and either long or short-stemmed. A third of the roses were short-stemmed, 20 of which were white and 15 of which were pink. The percentage of pink roses that were short-stemmed equaled the percentage of red roses that were short-stemmed. If none of the long-stemmed roses were white, what percentage of the long-stemmed roses were red? 20% 25% 50% 75% 80%

12. Some of the people in Town X are left-handed, some are tall, some are both, and some are neither. In Town Y, three times as many people are left-handed as are left-handed in Town X, three times as many people are tall as are tall in Town X, three times as many people are both as are both in Town X, but no one is neither. If the total number of people in Town X is four times greater than the total number of people in Town Y, which of the following could be the number of people in Town X who are neither left-handed nor tall? 23 39 72 143 199

Now, (a+b-c)+x = 4(3a+3b-3c) or x = 11(a+b-c) thus, we should look for the multiple of 11 in the answer. ( (a+b-c) would be a positive quantity.) Answer (D)

Method 2: One formula for overlapping groups: T = Group1 + Group2 - Both + Neither The big idea is to subtract the overlap. In the question above, there is an overlap between the left-handed people and the tall people. Thus, when we count all the lefthanded people and all the tall people, the overlap -- the number who belong to both groups -- will be counted twice. So that we don't double-count these people, we

need to subtract them from the total. Let L = left-handed people in town X Let T = tall people in town X Let B = the people in X who are both left-handed and tall Let N = the people in X who are neither left-handed nor tall Town X: X=L+T-B+N In Y, there are 3 times as many left-handed people, 3 times as many tall people, and 3 times as many who are both: Y = 3L + 3T - 3B The total in X is 4 times the total in Y: L + T - B + N = 4(3L + 3T - 3B) L + T - B + N = 12L + 12T - 12B N = 11L + 11T - 11B N = 11(L + T - B). Thus, the number of people in X who are neither left-handed nor tall must be a multiple of 11.

13. The waiter at an expensive restaurant has noticed that 60% of the couples order dessert and coffee. However, 20% of the couples who order dessert don't order coffee. What is the probability that the next couple the waiter seats will not order dessert? 20% 25% 40% 60% 75% Let the number of people ordering only desert = d, only ordering coffee be c and ordering both be b. Given that , 20 % of (b+d) = d or 4d = b. Thus, as b = 60, d = 15. The total number of people not ordering desert = 100(60+15) = 25. B.

From above, we have that 60+0.2x=x --> x=75. Thus, the probability that the next couple will not order dessert (yellow box) is 10075=25. Answer: B.

14. 50% of the apartments in a certain building have windows and hardwood floors. 25% of the apartments without windows have hardwood floors. If 40% of the apartments do not have hardwood floors, what percent of the apartments with windows have hardwood floors? 10% 16.66% 40% 50% 83.33%

15. A farmer has an apple orchard consisting of Fuji and Gala apple trees. Due to high winds this year 10% of his trees cross pollinated. The number of his trees that are pure Fuji plus the cross-pollinated ones totals 187, while 3/4 of all his trees are pure Fuji. How many of his trees are pure Gala? 22 33 55 77 88 Let the total trees be x 3/4 are pure Fuji = 3x/4 10% cross pollinated = x/10 now The number of his trees that are pure Fuji plus the cross-pollinated ones totals 187 3x/4 + x/10 = 187 solve this x = 220 220-187 = 33 are the pure Gala trees.

16. In a group of 68 students, each student is registered for at least one of three classes History, Math and English. Twenty-five students are registered for History, twenty-five students are registered for Math, and thirty-four students are registered for English. If only three students are registered for all three classes, how many students are registered for exactly two classes? 13 10 9 8 7 Total = {people in group A} + {people in group B} + {people in group C} {people in exactly 2 groups} - 2*{people in exactly 3 groups} + {people in none of the groups}: 68 = 25 + 25 + 34 - {people in exactly 2 groups} - 2*3 + 0 --> {people in exactly 2 groups}=10 Answer: B.

17.Each of the 59 members in a high school class is required to sign up for a minimum of one and a maximum of three academic clubs. The three clubs to choose from are the poetry club, the history club, and the writing club. A total of 22 students sign up for the poetry club, 27 students for the history club, and 28 students for the writing club. If 6 students sign up for exactly two clubs, how many students sign up for all three clubs? 25689

18. Each of 435 bags contains at least one of the following three items: raisins, almonds, and peanuts. The number of bags that contain only raisins is 10 times the number of bags that contain only peanuts. The number of bags that contain only almonds is 20 times the number of bags that contain only raisins and peanuts. The number of bags that contain only peanuts is one-fifth the number of bags that contain only almonds. 210 bags contain almonds. How many bags contain only one kind of item? 256 260 316 320 350

Also given that there are total of 435 bags and 210 bags contain almonds. From the diagram 20y=5x --> y=x/4. Now, Total=435={Almonds}+10x+y+x --> 435=210+10x+x/4+x --> x=20 --> # of bags that contain only one kind of item is the sum of yellow segments: 10x+x+5x=16x=320. Answer: D.

19. What percent of the students at Jefferson High School study French but not Spanish? (1) 30% of all students at Jefferson High School study French. (2) 40% of all students at Jefferson High School do not study Spanish.

Let us assume there are 100 students then, we have Total= No. of students that study French (F) + No. of Students that study (S) - no. of students that study both (B) + Neither (N) Thus we have 100= F+S-B+N St 1 gives us F only so not sufficient So, Option A and D ruled out St 2 ----> F+ N = 40 Alone not sufficient, so B ruled out Combining we get S-B = 60, We still cannot find out S and B therefore insufficent and hence ans E

Use a Venn diagram to organize the information. Let the total number of students = 100. Statement 1: Total French = 30. Statement 2: Since 40 students do NOT study Spanish, the total number of students who DO study Spanish = 60. When the statements are combined, the following distribution is possible:

Number of students who study only French = 20. The following distribution also is possible:

Number of students who study only French = 10. Since the number of students who study only French can be different values, INSUFFICIENT. The correct answer is E. 20. If

none of the students are ambidextrous, what percentage of the 20 students in Mr. Henderson's class are left-handed? (1) Of the 12 girls in the class, 25% are left-handed. (2) 5 of the boys in the class are right-handed. The answer is C.

21. Guests at a recent party ate a total of fifteen hamburgers. Each guest who was neither a student nor a vegetarian ate exactly one hamburger. No hamburger was eaten by any guest who was a student, a vegetarian, or both. If half of the guests were vegetarians, how many guests attended the party? (1) The vegetarians attended the party at a rate of 2 students to every 3 nonstudents, half the rate for non-vegetarians. (2) 30% of the guests were vegetarian non-students. The answer is A. Total number of hamburgers = 15 Who ate hamburgers ------> Non veg Non students so non-veg Non students = 15 By A we get for the non veg group ------> students / non students = 4/3 hence for this group students = 20 ( 4/3 = x/15) So the total number of non-veg people = 20+15 =35 = total number of veg people The total number of guests = 35*2 = 70 B is insufficient B gives the number of veg non students but doesn't give any relationships between the two main groups This might be very easy if you can mentally imagine ---the Venn diagrams for the problem