Previous VTU Question Papers with

Suggested Scheme of Answers/ Solutions

SUBJECT: Computer Techniques in Power Systems EE72
VTU QUESTION PAPER of Dec.06 / Jan.07
Note: 1. Answer any five questions.
2. Assume missing data suitably.
1. a. Explain the significance of primitive network and hence get the performance
equations in both impedance and admittance form. (5 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for obtaining the bus admittance matrix using singular
transformations. (7 Marks)
c. Determine the bus admittance matrix using the singular transformations for the
sample power system with the line data shown in table below. (8 Marks)
Line No. 1 2 3 4 5
Bus-code p-q 0 -1 1 - 2 2 -3 3 - 0 2 - 0
Impedance pu) 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.25
2. a. Obtain the generalized algorithmic expression for bus impedance matrix
elements when a link is added to the partial network. Also discuss the special
cases. (14 Marks)
b. Explain the steps to modify the Z
BUS
for removal of a line or modification of the
line impedance. (6 Marks)
3. a. What are different types of buses considered during power system load flow
analysis? Explain briefly. (5 Marks)
b. Determine the voltages at the end of first iteration using GS method for the
system data given below. Assume an acceleration factor of 1.6. (15 marks)
i) Line Data
Bus Code 1 - 2 1 - 3 2 - 3 2 - 4 3 - 4
Admittance 2 j 8 1 j 4 0.66 j 2.664 1 j 4 2 j 8
ii) Bus Data
Bus No. P Q V Remarks
1 - - 1.060 SLACK
2 0.5 0.2 1+ j 0 PQ
3 0.4 0.3 1+ j 0 PQ
4 0.3 0.1 1+ j 0 PQ
2
4. a. Solve the non linear equations below using NR method for 2 iterations.
y
2
- 4x - 4 = 0
2y x 2 =0
Assume initial values of: x
(0)
= -1 and y
(0)
= 1. (10 Marks)
b. Explain with the help of a flow chart the NR method of LFA in a power system.
(10 Marks)
5. a. The fuel costs per hour for plants 1 and 2 are given by
F
1
= 0.2 P
1
2
+ 40 P
1
+ 120 Rs./Hr.
F
2
= 0.25 P
2
2
+ 30 P
2
+ 150 Rs./Hr.
Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of
generation if the maximum and minimum loading on each unit is 100 MW and
25 MW, the demand is 180 MW and the transmission losses are neglected. If the
load is equally shared by both the units, determine the saving obtained by loading
the units as per equal incremental production cost. (10 Marks)
b. What are transmission line loss coefficients? Obtain the general expression B
mn
with usual notations. (10 Marks)
6. a. What is load frequency control? Explain with a block diagram model of load
frequency control for an isolated power system. (10 Marks)
b. Explain the basic concepts of two interconnected control areas in LFC, with
relevant block diagram models and equations. (10 Marks)
7. a. With the help of a block diagram explain simplified representation of a speed
governor. (8 Marks)
b. With the help of a flow chart and equation explain the transient stability analysis
using modified Eulers method. (12 Marks)
8. Write brief notes any four of the following:
a. Representation of tap changing of transformers in load flow studies
b. Automatic voltage regulators
c. Runge- Kutta method for transient stability analysis
d. Representation of synchronous machines fro transient stability analysis
e. Fast decoupled load flow analysis.
(20 Marks)
3
Suggested scheme of answers/ solutions
SUBJECT: Computer Techniques in Power Systems EE72
VTU QUESTION PAPER of Dec.06 / Jan.07
1. a. Definition of primitive network (set of unconnected elements)
Diagram for impedance representation
v + e = [z] i
Diagram for admittance representation
i + j = [y] v (1+2+2 Marks)
b. Expression for bus admittance matrix by singular transformations.
To derive as: Y
BUS
= A
t
[y] A (7 Marks)
c. Oriented Graph : 02 Marks
Matrices A and A : 02 Marks
Matrix YBUS : 04 Marks
2. a. Algorithmic expression for ZBUS when a link is added to the partial network.
To derive for elements z
li
and z
ll
. (8 Marks)
Modification by removing nodel l (2 Marks)
Discussion on special cases. (4 Marks)
b. Sequential steps to modify Z
BUS
for
(i) Removal of a line
(ii) Modification of line impedance. (3+3 Marks)
3. a. Classification of buses for LFA (5 Marks)
b. Y
BUS
=
3- j 12 -2 + j 8 -1 + j 4 0.0
-2 + j 8 3.67-j14.67 -0.67+j2.66 -1 + j 4
-1 + j 4 -0.67+j2.66 3.67-j14.67 -2 + j 8
0.0 -1 + j 4 -2 + j 8 3- j 12
(5 Marks)
LFEs with =1.6 used to get I iterated values as:
V
2
(1)
= 0.01187 j 0.02888
V
3
(1)
= 0.994119 j 0.029248
V
4
(1)
= 0.9716032 j 0.064684 (10 Marks)
4. a. f(x) = Y
2
- 4x - 4 = 0 ; g(x) = 2y x 2 =0
k=0; First Iteration:
x
(0)
=-1, y
(0)
=1; f
(0)
=1, g
(0)
=1; (1 Mark)
f/x=-4; f/y=2y-2; g/x=-1 ; g/y=-2 ; (2 Marks)
Thus, the linearised NR equations are :
1 - 4 x + 2 y = 0 and 1- x + 2 y = 0; (1 Marks)
Solving, we get; x=0 and y=-0.5; and hence, x
(1)
=-1 and y
(1)
=0.5; (2 Marks)
k=1; Second Iteration:
similar to the procedure above, we get at the end of second iteration:
x
(2)
= - 0.92857 and y
(2)
= 0.53571. (4 Marks)
4
b. Flow chart of the NRLFA in a power system- using Y
BUS
, or explanation of the
step by step procedure to be furnished (10 Marks)
5. a. F
1
= 0.2 P
1
2
+ 40 P
1
+ 120 Rs./Hr.; F
2
= 0.25 P
2
2
+ 30 P
2
+ 150 Rs./Hr.
dF
1
/dP
1
= 0.4 P
1
+ 40; dF
2
/dP
2
= 0.5 P
2
+ 30 (2 Marks)
Equating dF
1
/dP
1
and dF
2
/dP
2
and since P
1
+ P
2
= 180, by solving, we get,
P
1
= 88.89 MW and P
2
= 91.11 MW. (3 Marks)
Thus, F
1
= 5255.88 Rs./Hr. and F
2
= 4958.55 Rs./Hr.
Therefore, total cost of generation = F
1
+ F
2
= 10214.43 Rs./ Hr. (2 Marks)
If now, the load is 90 MW, then, the costs of generation would be;
F
1
= 5340 Rs./Hr. and F
2
= 4875 Rs./Hr., so that the total cost of generation is;
F
1
+ F
2
= 10215 Rs./ Hr.
Thus saving in cost is: Rs.0.57 per hour of operation. (3 Marks)
b. Definition of transmission line loss coefficients (2 Marks)
General expression for Bmn with usual notations. ( 8 Marks)
6. a. Definition of load frequency control (2 Marks)
Block diagram model of load frequency control (5 Marks)
Explanation with PI controls (3 Marks)
b. Block diagram for two area CS in LFC (7 Marks)
Tie line bias explanation (3 Marks)
7. a. Block diagram (5 Marks)
Equations of dynamics of speed governor. (3 Marks)
b. Flow chart or procedural steps wrt transient stability analysis by using modified
Eulers method (10 Marks)
Explanation with equations involved (2 Marks)
8. Write brief notes any four of the following:
a. Representation of tap changing of transformers in load flow studies:
for fixed or TCUL case any one to be briefly arrived at with equivalent
model along with equations for - parameters. (5 Marks)
b. Automatic voltage regulators (5 Marks)
c. Runge- Kutta method for transient stability analysis: the procedural steps with
equations to be furnished (5 Marks)
d. Representation of synchronous machines for transient stability analysis: the
models with appropriate sketches/ vector diagrams, and brief explanation to be
given (5 Marks)
e. Fast decoupled load flow analysis: Flow diagram or procedural steps, brief
explanation with list of assumptions made, to be covered. (5 Marks)