Enthalpy of Solution

Enthalpy of Solution
An example of enthalpy of reaction.

James B. Condon, 2010, all rights reserved
Backgrounds and some graphic copyrighted by Corel Corporation -used by permission.
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information given
is required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. For
example, complete the reaction for the solution of the
following:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl !
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl

following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl

following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
!
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl

following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
!
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
! Zn
2+
+ SO
4
2
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
! Zn
2+
+ SO
4
2
polyatomic Ions
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
! Zn
2+
+ SO
4
2
Polyatomic Ions
CH
3
NH
3
NO
3
!
following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
! Zn
2+
+ SO
4
2
Polyatomic Ions
CH
3
NH
3
NO
3
! CH
3
NH
3
+
+ NO
3

following:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Oxidation Number
FeCl
2
! Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
...and Coefficients
ZnSO
4
! Zn
2+
+ SO
4
2
Polyatomic Ions
CH
3
NH
3
NO
3
! CH
3
NH
3
+
+ NO
3
Arrhenius Acid-base
Here is an enthalpy calculation problem:
What is the molar enthalpy for the dissolution of Fe
2
S
3
?
2
S
3
?
This is similar to all other enthalpy of reaction problems, but
for the student the question may be, What is the reaction?
2
S
3
?
This is similar to all other enthalpy of reaction problems, but
for the student the question may be, What is the reaction?
At this point, you should know the polyatomic ions and how
to figure oxidation numbers. If not, you already in trouble -
go back and learn them. From the oxidation numbers, you
should know that here iron dissolves as Fe
3+
ions and sulfur
as S
2!
ions, thus the reaction would be:
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!
So now the problem becomes: What is the molar enthalpy
for the following reaction:
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

This problem is handled the same as any other determination
of reaction enthalpy in chemistry. The first step is to look up
the enthalpy of formations of the products and reactants.
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

This problem is handled the same as any other determination
of reaction enthalpy in chemistry. The first step is to look up
the enthalpy of formations of the products and reactants.
From the tables, the following values are obtained:
H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

From the values from the table:
H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
These values are to be used in the equation:
H
rxn
= 3H
products
!3H
reactants
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
The H
rxn
may be calculate by substituting into the formula:
H
rxn
= 2H (Fe
3+
) + 3H (S
2!
) ! H (Fe
2
S
3
)
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
The H
rxn
H
rxn
= 2H (Fe
3+
) + 3H (S
2!
) ! H (Fe
2
S
3
)
Substituting:
H
rxn
= 2(-48.5 kJ mol
-1
) + 3(+33.1 kJ mol
-1
) + (!14.0 kJ mol
-1
)
Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
The H
rxn
H
rxn
= 2H (Fe
3+
) + 3H (S
2!
) ! H (Fe
2
S
3
)
Or:
H
rxn
= !11.7 kJ mol
-1

Fe
2
S
3
W 2Fe
3+
+ 3S
2!

H (Fe
2
S
3
) = !14.0 kJ mol
-1
H (Fe
3+
) = !48.5 kJ mol
-1
H (S
2!
) = +33.1 kJ mol
-1
There is a side issue to note here. Notice that the H for both
Fe
3+
and S
2!
do not have the subscript f. This is because they
are referenced to the H for H
+
and not to the elements. This
does not affect the calculation, however.

Using this information and the information from
previous slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution for
NaCl
NaCl
The reaction then is:
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl

NaCl
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Hsol = H
(Na
+
) + H
(Cl
) H
(NaCl)
f
NaCl
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Hsol = H
(Na
+
) + H
(Cl
) H
(NaCl)
Hsol = [(240.1) + (167.2) (411.54)]kJ mol
1
f
NaCl
NaCl ! Na
+
+ Cl
Hsol = H
(Na
+
) + H
(Cl
) H
(NaCl)
Hsol = [(240.1) + (167.2) (411.54)]kJ mol
1
Hsol = 4.2 kJ mol
1
f
An example of enthalpy of reaction.
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Enthalpy of Solution

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Enthalpy of Solution

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Enthalpy of Solution

An example of enthalpy of reaction.

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution

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