010-62516682

READING COMPREHENSION

Question 1-10

The agricutura re!oution in the nineteenth centur" in!o!e# t$o things% the
in!ention o& a'or-sa!ing (achiner" an# the #e!eo)(ent o& scienti&ic agricuture* +a'or-
sa!ing (achiner" natura" a))eare# &irst $here a'or $as scarce* ,In Euro)e- sai#
Tho(as .e&&erson- ,the o'/ect is to (a0e the (ost o& their an#- a'or 'eing a'un#ant%
here it is to (a0e the (ost o& our a'or- an# 'eing a'un#ant* It $as in the 1nite# States-
there&ore- that the great a#!ances in nineteenth-centur" agricutura (achiner" &irst
ca(e*

At the o)ening o& the centur"- $ith the e2ce)tion o& a cru#e )o$- &ar(ers cou# ha!e
carrie# )ractica" a o& the e2isting agricutura i()e(ents on their 'ac0s3 '" 1450- (ost
o& the (achiner" in use to#a" ha# 'een #esigne# in an ear" &or(* The (ost i()ortant o&
the ear" in!entions $as the iron )o$* As ear" as 1670 Chares Ne$'o# o& Ne$ .erse"
ha# 'een $or0ing on the i#ea o& a cast-iron )o$ an# s)ent his entire &ortune in
intro#ucing his in!ention* The &ar(ers- ho$e!er- $ere not intereste# in it- cai(ing that
the iron )oisone# the soi an# (a#e the $ee#s gro$* Ne!ertheess- (an" )eo)e
#e!ote# their attention to the )o$- unti in 1457 .a(es Oi!er o& South 8en#- In#iana-
turne# out the &irst chie#-stee )o$*

1*9hat is the (ain to)ic o& the )assage:

;A< The nee# &or agricutura a#!ances to he) &ee# a gro$ing )o)uation

;8< The #e!eo)(ent o& sa&er (achines #e(an#e# '" the a'or (o!e(ent

;C< Machiner" that contri'ute# to the agricutura re!oution

;D< Ne$ .erse" as a ea#er in the agricutura re!oution

=*The $or# ,natura", in ine > is cosest in (eaning to

;A< unsur)rising"

;8< gra#ua"

;C< a))arent"

;D< sa&e"
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>* The e2)ression ,(a0e the (ost o&, in ine ? is cosest in (eaning to

;A< get the 'est "ie# &ro(

;8< raise the )rice o&

;C< e2aggerate the $orth o&

;D< earn a i!ing on

?* 9hich o& the &oo$ing can 'e in&erre# &ro( $hat Tho(as .e&&erson sai# ;ine >-
@<:

;A< Euro)e $as changing (ore Auic0" than the 1nite# States*

;8< Euro)e ha# greater nee# o& &ar( (achiner" than the 1nite# States #i#*

;C< The 1nite# States $as &ina" running out o& goo# &ar(an#*

;D< There $as a shortage o& $or0ers on 1nite# States &ar(s*

@*The $or# ,here, in ine ? re&ers to

;A< Euro)e

;8< 1nite# States

;C< Ne$ .erse"

;D< In#iana

5* 9hat )oint is the author (a0ing '" stating that &ar(ers cou# carr" near" a their
toos on

their 'ac0s*

;A< Bar(ers ha# &e$ toos 'e&ore the agricutura re!oution*

;8< Peo)e in the 1nite# States $ere tra#itiona" se&-reiant*

;C< +i&e on the &ar( $as e2tre(e" #i&&icut*

;D< Ne$ toos $ere #esigne# to 'e )orta'e*

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6* 9hen $as the iron )o$ in!ente#:

;A<In 1670*

;8< In the ear" 1400 s*

;C< In 1457*

;D< In the ear" 1700 s*

4* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out Chares
Ne$'o# is true:

;A< He $as .a(es Oi!er s assistant*

;8< He $as 'orn in Euro)e*

;C< He $as o))ose# to scienti&ic agricuture*

;D< He s)ent his o$n (one" to )ro(ote his in!ention*

7* The $or# ,it, in ine 1= re&ers to

;A< scienti&ic agricuture

;8< .a(es Oi!er s in!ention

;C< the cast-iron )o$

;D< Chares Ne$'o# s &ortune

10* 9h" #i# &ar(ers re/ect Ne$'o# s )o$:

;A< Their horses $ere &rightene# '" it*

;8< The" )re&erre# ighter toos*

;C< It $as too e2)ensi!e*

;D< The" thought it $ou# ruin the an#*

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Questions 1-=0

Accor#ing to so(e scientists- (igrator" 'ir#s shou# 'e a'e to $ithstan# the $inter*

A 'ir# s &eather" coat is goo# insuation against the co#* 8ECause a 'ir# is $ar(-
'oo#e#- its 'o#" te()erature a$a"s re(ains constant- e!en i& the te()erature o& its
surroun#ings changes*

The &actors that trigger (igrator" 'eha!ior in 'ir#s are #i&&icut to e2)ain* This
'eha!ior see(s to 'e instincti!e- not earne#* Bor e2a()e- (an" northern s)ecies ea!e
their su((er ho(es $hie the $eather is sti $ar( an# the &oo# su))" )enti&u* Coung
arctic terns 'orn at the arctic 'ree#ing groun#s $i a0e o&& $ith the &oc0 &or #istant an#s
the" ha!e ne!er seen*

8ir# (igrations are )ro'a'" reguate# '" the gan#uar s"ste(* Scientists sus)ect
that the changing ength o& the #a" is the &actor that triggers (igrator" 'eha!ior* In an
e2)eri(ent- (igrator" 'ir#s $ere 0e)t in arti&icia" ighte# roo(s* It $as &oun# that i&
)erio#s o& #ar0ness $ere engthene# )ro)ortionate"- the gan#s o& the 'ir#s 'eca(e
acti!e* These gan#s secrete hor(ones- $hich are che(icas that contro nu(erous 'o#"
&unctions* Shorter )erio#s o& #a"ight see( to change the hor(one 'aance o& 'ir#s- so
that the" retain (ore &at* This store# &at is the &ue that )ro!i#es the energ" &or a ong
&ight* The sa(e e2)eri(ent re!eae# that the 'ir#s 'eca(e (ore e2cite# as the arti&icia
night $as engthene#* It is )ro'a'" no coinci#ence that (ost &oc0s 'egin their (igrator"
&ights #uring the night*

11* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:

;A< Co((on (igrator" )aths &or 'ir#s

;8< 9h" 'ir#s (igrate

;C< S)ecies o& 'ir#s that #o not (igrate

;D< Migration in co# ci(ates

1=* The $or# ,$ithstan#, in ine 1 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< )re&er

;8< toerate

;C< reguate

;D< un#erstan#
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1>* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing )rotects 'ir#s against co#
$eather:

;A< Gan#s

;8< Hor(ones

;C< Beathers

;D< Arti&icia ight

1?* The $or# ,constant, in ine > is cosest in (eaning to

;A< in!aria'e

;8< )ersistent

;C< )re#icta'e

;D< res)onsi!e

1@* The $or# ,its, in ine > re&ers to

;A< te()erature

;8< co#

;C< coat

;D< 'ir#

15* In ines 6-7- the author (entions "oung arctic terns as an e2a()e o& 'ir#s that

;A< #o not (igrate

;8< 'ree# #uring (igration

;C< (igrate instincti!e"

;D< a#a)t to the co#

6* The $or# ,the", in ine 15 re&ers to

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;A< gan#s

;8< 'ir#s

;C< 'o#" &unctions

;D< hor(ones

14* Accor#ing to the )assage- 'ir#s e2)ose# to onger )erio#s o& #ar0ness
e2)erience a o& the &oo$ing changes EDCEPT

;A< acti!ate# gan#s

;8< e2cite# 'eha!ior

;C< retention o& (ore &at

;D< increase# a))etite

17* In the e2)eri(ent (entione# in the )assage- the scientists a#/uste# the 'ir#s

;A< &oo# su))"

;8< 'o#" te()eratures

;C< e2)osure to ight

;D< 'rain che(istr"

=0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author (ention the su'stance that ena'es 'ir#s
to &" ong #istances:

;A< +ines =-?

;8< +ines @-6

;C< +ines 10-11

;D< +ines 15-16

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Question =1->0

There $ere t$o $i#e" #i!ergent in&uences on the ear" #e!eo)(ent o& statistica
(etho#s* Statistics ha# a (other $ho $as #e#icate# to 0ee)ing or#er" recor#s o&
go!ern(enta units ;state an# statistics co(e &ro( the sa(e +atin root- status< an# a
gente(an" ga('ing &ather $ho reie# on (athe(atics to increase his s0i at )a"ing
the o##s in ga(es o& chance* The in&uence o& the (other on the o&&s)ring- statistics- is
re)resente# '" counting- (easuring- #escri'ing- ta'uating- or#ering* an# the ta0ing o&
censuses EE a o& $hich e# to (o#ern #escri)ti!e statistics* Bro( the in&uence o& the
&ather ca(e (o#ern in&erentia statistics- $hich is 'ase# sAuare" on theories o&
)ro'a'iit"*

Descri)ti!e statistics in!o!es ta'uating- #e)icting- an# #escri'ing coections o&

#ata* These #ata (a" 'e Auantitati!e- such as (easures o& height- inteigence- or gra#e
e!e - !aria'es that are characteriFe# '" an un#er"ing continuu( - orthe #ata (a"
re)resent Auaitati!e !aria'es- such as se2- coege (a/or- or )ersonait" t")e* +arge
(asses o& #ata (ust genera" un#ergo a )rocess o& su((ariFation or re#uction 'e&ore
the" are co()rehensi'e* Descri)ti!e statistics is a too &or #escri'ing or su((ariFing or
re#ucing to co()rehensi'e &or( the )ro)erties o& an other$ise un$ie#" (ass or #ata*
In&erentia statistics is a &or(aiFe# 'o#" o& (etho#s &or so!ing another cass
o&G)ro'e(s that )resent great #i&&icuties &or the unai#e# hu(an (in#* This genera
cass o& )ro'e(s characteristica" in!o!es atte()ts to (a0e )re#ictions using a sa()e
o& o'ser!ations* Bor e2a()e- a schoo su)erinten#ent $ishes to #eter(ine the
)ro)ortion o& chi#ren in a arge schoo s"ste( $ho co(e to schoo $ithout 'rea0&ast-
ha!e 'een !accinate# &or &u- or $hate!er* Ha!ing a itte 0no$e#ge o& statistics- the
su)erinten#ent $ou# 0no$ that it is unnecessar" an# ine&&icient to Auestion each chi#3
the )ro)ortion &or the entire #istrict cou# 'e esti(ate# &air" accurate" &ro( a sa()e o&
as &e$ as 00 chi#ren* Thus- the )ur)ose o& in&erentia statistics is to )re#ict or esti(ate
characteristics o& a )o)uation &ro( a 0no$e#ge o& the characteristics o& on" a sa()e o&
the )o)uation*

=1* 9ith $hat is the )assage (ain" concerne# :

;A< The #ra$'ac0s o& #escri)ti!e an# in&erentia statistics

;8< A))ications o& in&erentia statistics

;C< The #e!eo)(ent an# use o& statistics

;D< Ho$ to use #escri)ti!e statistics

==* The $or# ,#i!ergent, in ine 1 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< #i&&erent
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;8< #istri'ute#

;C< recor#e#

;D< )ro(inent

=>* Accor#ing to the &irst )aragra)h- counting an# census-ta0ing arc associate# $ith

;A< in&erentia statistics

;8< #escri)ti!e statistics

;C< un0no$n !aria'es

;D< Auaitati!e changes

=?* 9h" #oes the author (ention the ,(other, an# ,&ather, in the &irst )aragra)h:

;A< To )oint out that )arents can teach their chi#ren statistics

;8< To intro#uce in&erentia statistic

;C< To e2)ain that there are #i&&erent 0in#s o& !aria'es

;D< To )resent the 'ac0groun# o& statistics in a hu(orous an# un#erstan#a'e $a"

=@* The $or# ,sAuare", in ine 4 cou# 'est 'e re)ace# '"

;A< soi#"

;8< geo(etrica"

;C< rectanguar"

;D< ha)haFrar#"

=5* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT gi!en an e2a()e o& a Auaitati!e !aria'e:

;A< Gen#er

;8< Height

;C< Coege (a/or

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;D< T")e o& )ersonait"

=6* The $or# ,the", in ine 1> re&ers to

;A< !aria'es

;8< (asses

;C< #escri)ti!e statistics

;D< )ro)erties

=4* 9hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out #escri)ti!e statistics is 'est su))orte#
'" the

)assage:

;A< It re#uces arge a(ounts o& #ata to a (ore co()rehensi'e &or(*

;8< It is 'ase# on )ro'a'iit"*

;C< It can 'e use# '" )eo)e $ith itte 0no$e#ge o& (athe(atics*

;D< It (easures on" Auaitati!e #i&&erences*

=7* The $or# ,un$ie#", in ine 1@ is cosest in (eaning to

;A< un(anagea'e

;8< un)re#icta'e

;C< un#erstan#a'e

;D< unreia'e

>0* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat is the )ur)ose o& e2a(ining a sa()e o& a
)o)uation:

;A< To co()are #i&&erent grou)s

;8< To )re#ict characteristics o& the entire )o)uation

;C< To #etect #i&&erences not o'ser!a'e in the $hoe )o)uation

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;D< To co()ie (ore accurate #ata

Questions >1-?0

Gacier Nationa )ar0 in Montana shares 'oun#aries $ith Cana#a- an A(erican

In#ian reser!ation- an# a nationa &orest* Aong the North Bor0 o& the Bathea# Ri!er- the
)ar0 aso 'or#ers a'out 16-000 acres o& )ri!ate an#s that are current" use# &or
ranching- ti('er- an# agricuture* This an# is an i()ortant )art o& the ha'itat an#
(igrator" routes &or se!era en#angere# s)ecies that &reAuent the )ar0* These )ri!ate
an#s are essentia" the on" ones a!aia'e &or #e!eo)(ent in the region*

9ith encourage(ent &ro( the )ar0- oca an#o$ners initiate# a an#-use )anning
e&&ort to gui#e the &uture o& the North Bor0* The )ar0 is a )artner in an interoca
agree(ent that cas &or resource-(anaging agencies to $or0 together an# $ith the (ore
than ?00 )ri!ate o$ners in the area* A #ra&t )an has 'een )re)are#- $ith the o'/ecti!e o&
(aintaining tra#itiona econo(ic uses 'ut i(iting ne$ #e!eo)(ent that $ou# #a(age
)ar0 resources* Hountar" action '" an#o$ners- in coo)eration $ith the )ar0 an# the
count"- is he)ing to restrict s(a-ot su'#i!isions- (aintain $i#i&e corri#ors- an#
(ini(iFe an" har(&u i()act on the en!iron(ent*

The $iingness o& oca an#o$ners to )artici)ate in this )rotection e&&ort (a" ha!e
'een sti(uate# '" concerns that Congress $ou# i()ose a egisati!e soution*

Ne!ertheess- (an" oca resi#ents $ant to retain the e2isting character o& the area*

Meetings 'et$een )ar0 o&&icias an# an#o$ners ha!e e# to a #ra(atica" i()ro!e#

un#erstan#ing o& a concerns*

>1* The )assage (ain" #iscusses

;A< the en#angere# s)ecies in Gacier Nationa Par0

;8< the )rotection o& an#s surroun#ing Gacier Nationa Par0

;C< conser!ation a$s i()ose# '" the state o& Montana

;D< conser!ation a$s i()ose# '" Congress

>=* 9h" are the )ri!ate an#s surroun#ing Gacier Nationa Par0 so i()ortant:

;A< The" &unction as a hunting )reser!e*

;8< The" are restricte# to go!ern(ent use*

;C< The" are hea!i" )o)uate#*

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;D< The" contain natura ha'itats o& threatene# s)ecies*

>>* The $or# ,ones, in ine 5 re&ers to

;A< )ri!ate an#s

;8< en#angere# s)ecies

;C< (igrator" routes

;D< ranching- ti('er- agricuture

>?* The $or# ,initiate#, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< starte#

;8< reAueste#

;C< )urchase#

;D< consi#ere#

>@* The reationshi) 'et$een )ar0 o&&icias an# neigh'oring an#o$ners (a" 'est 'e

#escri'e# as

;A< in#i&&erent

;8< inti(ate

;C< coo)erati!e

;D< #isa))ointing

>5* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that a (a/or interest o& the o&&icias o& Gacier

Nationa Par0 is to

;A< i(it an# #e!eo)(ent aroun# the )ar0

;8< esta'ish a ne$ Par0 in Montana

;C< in&uence nationa egisation

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;D< sette 'or#er #is)utes $ith Cana#a

>6* In ines 1@-15- the author i()ies that an#o$ners (ight 'e res)on#ing to
en!iron(enta

concerns &or $hich o& the &oo$ing reasons:

;A< The" $ish to sti(uate econo(ic gro$th*

;8< The" $ish to i()ro!e their )u'ic i(age*

;C< The" ha!e a tra#ition o& coo)erating $ith the go!ern(ent*

;D< The" &ear &e#era egisation*

>4* The $or# ,sti(uate#, in ine 15 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< (oti!ate#

;8< antici)ate#

;C< su'stitute#

;D< un#er(ine#

>7* The $or# ,retain, in ine 16 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< )reser!e

;8< )ossess

;C< en/o"

;D< i()ro!e

?0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author (ention the )ur)ose o& the )an
#e!eo)e#
'" oca an#o$ners an# )ar0 o&&icias:

;A< +ines 1-=

;8< +ines ?-5

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;C< +ines 10-1?

;D< +ines 1@-16

Question ?1-@0

I& the sainit" o& ocean $aters is ana"Fe#- it is &oun# to !ar" on" sight" &ro( )ace
to )ace* Ne!ertheess- so(e o& these s(a changes are i()ortant* There are three
'asic )rocesses that cause a change in oceanic sainit"* One o& these is the su'traction
o& $ater &ro( the ocean '" (eans o& e!a)oration EE con!ersion o& iAui# $ater to $ater
!a)or* In this (anner- the sainit" is increase#- since the sats sta" 'ehin#* I& this is
carrie# to the e2tre(e- o& course- $hite cr"stas o& sat $ou# 'e e&t 'ehin#*

The o))osite o& e!a)oration is )reci)itation- such as rain- '" $hich $ater is a##e# to
the ocean* Here the ocean is 'eing #iute# so that the sainit" is #ecrease#* This (a"
occur in areas o& high rain&a or in coasta regions $here ri!ers &o$ into the ocean* Thus
sainit" (a" 'e increase# '" the su'traction o& $ater '" e!a)oration- or #ecrease# '" the
a##ition o& &resh $ater '" )reci)itation or runo&&*

Nor(a"- in tro)ica regions $here the sun is !er" strong- the ocean sainit" is
so(e$hat higher than it is in other )arts o& the $or# $here there is not as (uch
e!a)oration* Si(iar"- in coasta regions $here ri!ers #iute the sea- sainit" is so(e$hat
o$er than in other oceanic areas*

A thir# )rocess '" $hich sainit" (a" 'e atere# is associate# $ith the &or(ation an#
(eting o& sea ice* 9hen sea$ater is &roFen- the #isso!e# (aterias are e&t 'ehin#* In
this (anner- sea$ater #irect" 'eneath &resh" &or(e# sea ice has a higher sainit" than it
#i# 'e&ore the ice a))eare#* O& course- $hen this ice (ets- it $i ten# to #ecrease the
sainit" o& the surroun#ing $ater*

In the 9e##e Sea- o&& Antarctica- the #ensest $ater in the oceans is &or(e# as a
resut o& this &reeFing )rocess- $hich increases the sainit" o& co# $ater* This hea!"
$ater sin0s an# is &oun# in the #ee)er )ortions o& the oceans o& the $or#*

?* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:

;A< The ee(ents o& sat

;8< The 'o#ies o& $ater o& the $or#

;C< The (an" &or(s o& ocean i&e

;D< The sainit" o& ocean $ater

?=* The $or# ,this, in ine @ re&ers to

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;A< ocean

;8< e!a)oration

;C< sainit"

;D< cr"stas

?>* Accor#ing to the )assage- the ocean genera" has (ore sat in

;A< coasta areas

;8< tro)ica areas

;C< rain" areas

;D< tur'uent areas

??* A o& the &oo$ing are )rocesses that #ecrease sainit" EDCEPT

;A< e!a)oration

;8< )reci)itation

;C< runo&&

;D< (eting

?@* 9hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out the sainit" o& a 'o#" $ater can 'est 'e

in&erre# &ro( the )assage:

;A< The te()erature o& the $ater is the (ost i()ortant &actor*

;8< The s)ee# $ith $hich $ater (o!es is #irect" reate# to the a(ount o& sat*

;C< Ocean sainit" has itte e&&ect on sea i&e*

;D< Harious &actors co('ine to cause !ariations in the sat content o& $ater*

?5* The $or# ,atere#, in ine 15 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< #eter(ine#
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;8< change#

;C< accu(uate#

;D< nee#e#

?6* The $or# ,it, in ine 14 re&ers to

;A< sea ice

;8< sainit"

;C< sea$ater

;D< (anner

?4* 9h" #oes the author (ention the 9e##e Sea:

;A< To sho$ that this 'o#" o& $ater has sainit" !ariations

;8< To co()are Antarctic $aters $ith Arctic $aters

;C< To gi!e an e2a()e o& increase# sainit" #ue to &reeFing

;D< To )oint out the ocation o& #ee) $aters

?7* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT a resut o& the &or(ation o& ocean ice:

;A< The sat re(ains in the $ater*

;8< The surroun#ing $ater sin0s*

;C< 9ater sainit" #ecreases*

;D< The $ater 'eco(es #enser*

@0* 9hat can 'e in&erre# a'out the $ater near the 'otto( o& oceans:

;A< It is reati!e" $ar(*

;8< Its sainit" is reati!e" high*

;C< It #oes not (o!e*

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;D< It e!a)orates Auic0"*

READING COMPREHENSION
As (an" as one thousan# "ears ago in the South$est- the Ho)i an# Iuni In#ians o& Nort
h A(erica $ere 'ui#ing $ith a#o'e EE sun-'a0e# 'ric0 )astere# $ith (u#* Their ho(
es oo0e# re(ar0a'" i0e (o#e( a)art(ent houses* So(e $ere &our stories high an# co
ntaine# Auarters &or )erha)s thousan# )eo)e- aong $ith storeroo(s &or grain an# other
goo#s* These 'ui#ings $ere usua" )ut u) against ci&&s- 'oth to (a0e construction easi
er an# &or #e&ense against ene(ies* The" $ere rea" !iages in the(se!es- as ater S)a
nish e2)orers (ust ha!e reaiFe# since the" cae# the( ,)ue'os,- $hich is S)anish &or t
o$n*

The )eo)e or the )ue'os raise# $hat are cae# ,the three sisters, EE corn- 'eans
- an# sAuash* The" (a#e e2ceent )otter" an# $o!e (ar!eous 'as0ets- so(e so &ine th
at the" cou# ho# $ater* The South$est has a$a"s 'een a #r" countr"- $here $ater is s
carce* The Ho)i an# Iuni 'rought $ater &ro( strea(s to their &ie#s an# gar#ens through
irrigation #itches* 9ater $as so i()ortant that it )a"e# a (a/or roe in their reigion* The"
#e!eo)e# ea'orate cere(onies an# reigious rituas to 'ring rain*

The $a" o& i&e o& ess-sette# grou)s $as si()er an# (ore strong" in&uence# '" n
ature* S(a tri'es such as the Shoshone an# 1te $an#ere# the #r" an# (ountainous a
n#s 'et$een the Roc0" Mountains an# the Paci&ic Ocean* The" gathere# see#s an# hunt
e# s(a ani(as such as ra''its an# sna0es* In the Bar North the ancestors o& to#a" s In
uit hunte# seas- $aruses- an# the great $haes* The" i!e# right on the &roFen seas in s
heters cae# igoos 'uit o& 'oc0s o& )ac0e# sno$* 9hen su((er ca(e- the" &ishe# &or
sa(on an# hunte# the or#" cari'ou*

The Che"enne- Pa$nee- an# Siou2 tri'es- 0no$n as the Pains In#ians- i!e# on the
grassan#s 'et$een the roc0" (ountains an# the Mississi))i Ri!er* The" hunte# 'ison co
((on" cae# the 'u&&ao* Its (eat $as the chie& &oo# o& these tri'es- an# its hi#e $as us
e# to (a0e their cothing an# the co!ering o& their tents an# ti)is *

1*9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:

;A< The architecture o& ear" A(erican In#ian 'ui#ings

;8< The (o!e(ent o& A(erican In#ians across North A(erica

;C< Cere(onies an# rituas o& A(erican In#ians

;D< The $a" o& i&e o& A(erican In#ian tri'es in ear" North A(erica

=* Accor#ing to the )assage the Ho)i an# Iuni t")ica" 'uit their ho(es

;A< in !ae"s

;8< ne2t to strea(s

;C< on o)en )ains

;D< against ci&&s

>* The $or# ,The", in ine 5 re&ers to

;A< goo#s

;8< 'ui#ings

;C< ci&&s

;D< ene(ies
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?*It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that the #$eings o& the Ho)i an# Iuni $ere

;A< !er" s(a

;8< high" a#!ance#

;C< #i&&icut to #e&en#

;D< Auic0" constructe#

@*The author uses the )hrase ,the three sisters, in ine4 re&er to

;A< Ho)i $o(en

;8< &a(i" (e('ers

;C< i()ortant cro)s

;D< rain cere(onies

5* The $or# ,scarce, in ine10 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< i(ite#

;8< hi##en

;C< )ure

;D< necessar"

6*9hich o& the &oo$ing is true o& the Shoshone an# 1te:

;A< The" $ere not as sette# as the Ho)i an# Iuni*

;8< The" hunte# cari'ou*

;C< The" 'uit their ho(e $ith a#o'e*

;D< The" #i# not ha!e (an" reigious *

4* Accor#ing to the )assage $hich o& the &oo$ing tri'es i!e# in the grassan#s:

;A< The Shoshone an# 1te

;8< The Che"enne an# Siou2

;C< The Ho)i an# Iuni

;D< The Pa$nee an# Inuit

7* 9hich o& the &oo$ing ani(as $as (ost i()ortant to the Pains In#ians:

;A< The sa(on

;8< The cari'ou

;C< The sea

;D< The 'u&&ao

10* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT (entione# '" the author as a #$eing )ace o& ear
"

North A(ericans:

;A< +og ca'ins

;8< A#o'e houses

;C< Ti)is

;D< Igoos

11 * The author gi!es an e2)anation &or a o& the &oo$ing $or#s EDCEPT

;A< a#o'e

;8< )ue'os

;C< cari'ou

;D< 'ison

1=* The author grou)s North A(erican In#ians accor#ing to their

;A< tri'es an# geogra)hica regions

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;8< arts an# cra&ts

;C< rituas an# cere(onies

;D< #ate o& a))earance on the continent

Marianne Moore ;1446-176=< once sai# that her $riting cou# 'e cae# )oetr" on" 'ecau
se there $as no other na(e &or it* In#ee# her )oe(s a))ear to 'e e2tre(e" co()resse#
essa"s that ha))en to 'e )rinte# in /agge# ines on the )age* Her su'/ects $ere !arie#% a
ni(as- a'orers- artists- an# the cra&t o& )oetr"* Bro( her genera rea#ing ca(e Auotation
s that she &oun# stri0ing or insight&u* She incu#e# these in her )oe(s- scru)uous" enc
ose# in Auotation (ar0s- an# so(eti(es i#enti&ie# in &ootnotes* O& this )ractice- she $rot
e- , 9h" the (an" Auotation (ar0s: I a( as0e#JJ9hen a thing has 'een sai# so $e t
hat it cou# not 'e sai# 'etter- $h" )ara)hrase it: Hence (" $riting is- i& not a ca'inet o& &
ossis- a 0in# o& coection o& &ies in a('er*, Cose o'ser!ation an# concentration on #etai
are the (etho#s o& her )oetr"*

Marianne Moore gre$ u) in Kir0$oo#- Missouri- near St* +ouis* A&ter gra#uation &ro(
8r"n Ma$r Coege in 1707- she taught co((ercia su'/ects at the In#ian Schoo in Cari
se- Penns"!ania* +ater she 'eca(e a i'rarian in Ne$ Cor0 Cit"* During the 17=0 s she
$as e#itor o& The Dia- an i()ortant iterar" (agaFine o& the )erio#* She i!e# Auiet" a h
er i&e- (ost" in 8roo0"n- Ne$ Cor0* She s)ent a ot o& ti(e at the 8ron2 Ioo- &ascinate#
'" ani(as* Her a#(iration o& the 8roo0"n Do#gersEE'e&ore the tea( (o!e# to +os A
ngees EE$as $i#e" 0no$n*

Her &irst 'oo0 o& )oe(s $as )u'ishe# in +on#on in 17=1 '" a grou) o& &rien#s assoc
iate# $ith the I(agist (o!e(ent* Bro( that ti(e on her )oetr" has 'een rea# $ith interes
t '" succee#ing generations o& )oets an# rea#ers* In 17@= she $as a$ar# the PuitFer Pri
Fe &or her Coecte# Poe(s* She $rote that she #i# not $rite )oetr" ,&or (one" or &a(e* T
o earn a i!ing is nee#&u- 'ut it can 'e #one in routine $a"s* One $rites 'ecause one has
a 'urning #esire to o'/ecti&" $hat it is in#is)ensa'e to one s ha))iness to e2)ressJJ,

1>* 9hat is the )assage (ain" a'out:

;A< The in&uence o& the I(agists on Marianne Moore*

;8< Essa"ists an# )oets o& the 17=0 s

;C< The use o& Auotations in )oetr"

;D< Marianne Moor s i&e an# $or0

1?* 9hich i& the &oo$ing can 'e interre# a'out Moore s )oe(s:

;A< The" are 'etter 0no$n in Euro)e than the 1nite# States*

;8< The" #o not use tra#itiona !erse &or(s*

;C< The" $ere a )u'ishe# in The Dia*

;D< The" ten# to 'e a'stract*

1@* Accor#ing to the )assage Moore $rote a'out a o& the &oo$ing EDCEPT

;A< artists

;8< ani(as

;C< &ossis

;D< $or0ers

15* 9hat #oes Moore re&er to as ,&ies in a('er, ;ine 7<:

;A< A co((on i(age in her )oetr"

;8< Poetr" in the t$entieth centur"

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;C< Concentration on #etai

;D< Quotations $ithin her )oetr"

16* The author (entions a o& the &oo$ing as /o's he# '" Moore EDCEPT

;A< co((ercia artist

;8< teacher

;C< (agaFine e#itor

;D< i'rarian

14* The $or# ,)erio#, in ine 1> is cosest in (eaning to

;A< (o!e(ent

;8< schoo

;C< region

;D< ti(e

17*9here #i# Moore s)en# (ost o& her a#ut i&e:

;A< In Kir0$oo#

;8< In 8roo0"n

;C< In +os Angees

;D< In Carise

=0*The $or# ,succee#ing, in ine 17 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< inheriting

;8< )ros)ering

;C< #i!erse

;D< ater

=1 * The $or# ,it, in ine =1 re&ers to

;A< $riting )oetr"

;8< 'eco(ing &a(ous

;C< earning n i!ing

;D< attracting rea#ers

==*It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that Moore $rote 'ecause she

;A< $ante# to $in a$ar#s

;8< $as #issatis&ie# $ith $hat others $rote

;C< &et a nee# to e2)ress herse&

;D< $ante# to raise (one" &or the 8ron2 Ioo

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9hat (a0es it rain: Rain &as &ro( cou#s &or the sa(e reason an"thing &as to Earth* Th
e EarthLs gra!it" )us it* 8ut e!er" cou# is (a#e o& $ater #ro)ets or ice cr"stas* 9h" #o
esnLt rain or sno$ &a constant" &ro( a cou#s: The #ro)ets or ice cr"stas in cou#s ar
e e2cee#ing" s(a* The e&&ect or gra!it" on the( is (inute* Air currents (o!e an# i&t #r
o)ets so that the net #o$n$ar# #is)ace(ent is Fero- e!en though the #ro)ets are in co
nstant (otion*

Dro)ets an# ice cr"stas 'eha!e so(e$hat i0e #ust in the air (a#e !isi'e in a sha&t
o& sunight* To the casua o'ser!er- #ust see(s to act in a tota" ran#o( &ashion- (o!ing
a'out chaotica" $ithout &i2e# #irection* 8ut in &act #ust )artices are (uch arger than $
ater #ro)ets an# the" &ina" &a* The a!erage siFe o& a cou# #ro)et is on" 0*000? inch i
n #ia(eter* It is so s(a that it $ou# ta0e si2teen hours to &a ha& a (ie in )er&ect" sti
air- an# it #oes not &a out o& (o!ing air at a* On" $hen the #ro)et gro$s to #ia(eter o&
0*004 inch or arger can it &a &ro( the cou#* The a!erage rain#ro) contains a (iion ti(
es as (uch $ater as a tin" cou# #ro)et* The gro$th o& a cou# #ro)et to a siFe arge en
ough to &a out is the cause o& rain an# other &or(s o& )reci)itation* This i()ortant gro$th
)rocess is cae# ,coaescence*

=>* 9hat is the (ain to)ic o& the )assage:

;A< The (echanics o& rain

;8< The $eather )atterns o& North A(erica

;C< Ho$ Earth s gra!it" a&&ects agricuture

;D< T")es o& cou#s

=?*The $or# ,(inute in ine ? is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:

;A< secon#

;8< tin"

;C< so$

;D< stea#"
=@ *The $or# ,(otion in ine @ is cosest in (eaning to

;A< $in#

;8< change

;C< (o!e(ent

;D< hu(i#it"

=5*Ice cr"stas #o NOT i((e#iate" &a to Earth 'ecause

;A< the" are 0e)t ao&t '" air currents*

;8< the" co('ine $ith other che(icas in the at(os)here

;C< (ost o& the( e!a)orate

;D< their eectrica charges #ra$ the( a$a" &ro( the earth

=6* The $or# ,ran#o(, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< un)re#icta'e

;8< )er)e2ing

;C< in#e)en#ent

;D< a'nor(a
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=4*9hat can 'e in&erre# a'out #ro)s o& $ater arger than 0*004 inch in #ia(eter:

;A< The" ne!er occur*

;8< The" are not a&&ecte# '" the &orce o& gra!it"*

;C< In sti air the" $ou# &a to earth*

;D< In (o!ing air the" &a at a s)ee# o& thirt" -t$o (ies )er hour*

=7 Ho$ (uch 'igger is a rain #ro) than a cou# #ro)et :

;A< =00 ti(es 'igger

;8< 1-000 ti(es 'igger

;C< 100-000 ti(es 'igger

;D< -000-000 ti(es 'igger

>0* In this )assage- $hat #oes the ter( ,coaescence, re&er to

;A< The gathering o& s(a cou#s to &or( arger cou#s

;8< The gro$th o& #ro)ets

;C< The e&&ect o& gra!it" on )reci)itation

;D< The (o!e(ent o& #ust )artices in the sunight

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Peo)e a))ear to 'e 'orn to co()ute* The nu(erica s0i o& chi#ren #e!eo) so ear" an
# so ine2ora'" that it is eas" to i(agine an interna coc0 o& (athe(atica (aturit" gui#in
g their gro$th* Not ong a&ter earning to $a0 an# ta0- the" can set the ta'e $ith i()ress
i!e accurac"EEone )ate- one 0ni&e- one s)oon- one &or0- &or each o& the &i!e chairs* So
on the" are ca)a'e o& noting that the" ha!e )ace# &i!e 0ni!es- s)oons- an# &or0s on the
ta'e an#- a hit ater- that this a(ounts to &i&teen )ieces o& si!er$are* Ha!ing thus (aster
e# a##ition- the" (o!e on to su'traction* It see(s a(ost reasona'e to e2)ect that i& a c
hi# $ere secu#e# on a #esert isan# at 'irth an# retrie!e# se!en "ears ater- he or she c
ou# enter a secon#-gra#e (athe(atics cass $ithout an" serious )ro'e(s o& inteectua
a#/ust(ent*

O& course- the truth is not so si()e* This centur"- the $or0 o& cogniti!e )s"choogist
s has iu(inate# the su'te &or(s o& #ai" earning on $hich inteectua )rogress #e)en#
s* Chi#ren $ere o'ser!e# as the" so$" gras)e#EEor -as the case (ight 'e- 'u()e# i
ntoEEconce)ts that a#uts ta0e &or grante#- as the" re&use#- &or instance- to conce#e th
at Auantit" is unchange# as $ater )ours &ro( a short stout gass into a ta thin one* Ps"c
hoogists ha!e since #e(onstrate# that "oung chi#ren- as0e# to count the )encis in a )i
e- rea#i" re)ort the nu('er o& 'ue or re# )encis- 'ut (ust 'e coa2e# into &in#ing the tot
a* Such stu#ies ha!e suggeste# that the ru#i(ents o& (athe(atics are (astere# gra#ua
"- an# $ith e&&ort* The" ha!e aso suggeste# that the !er" conce)t o& a'stract nu('ers
EE the i#ea o& a oneness- a t$oness- a threeness that a))ies to an" cass o& o'/ects a
n# is a )rereAuisite &or #oing an"thing (ore (athe(atica" #e(an#ing than setting a ta'
eEE is itse& &ar &ro( innate*

>1*9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:

;A< Tren#s in teaching (athe(atics to chi#ren

;8< The use o& (athe(atics in chi# )s"choog"

;C< The #e!eo)(ent o& (athe(atica a'iit" in chi#ren

;D< The &un#a(enta conce)ts o& (athe(atics that chi#ren (ust earn

>=*It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that chi#ren nor(a" earn si()e counting

;A< soon a&ter the" earn to ta0

;8< '" oo0ing at the coc0

;C< $hen the" 'egin to 'e (athe(atica" (ature

;D< a&ter the" reach secon# gra#e in schoo

>>*The $or# ,iu(inate# in ine 11 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< iustrate#

;8< acce)te#

;C< cari&ie#

;D< ighte#
>? * The author i()ies that (ost s(a chi#ren 'eie!e that the Auantit" o& $ater change
s $hen it is trans&erre# to a container o& a #i&&erent

;A< coor
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;8< Auait"

;C< $eight

;D< sha)e

>@ *Accor#ing to the )assage- $hen s(a chi#ren $ere as0e# to count a )ie o& re#
an# 'ue )encis the"

;A< counte# the nu('er o& )encis o& each coor

;8< guesse# at the tota nu('er o& )encis

;C< counte# on" the )encis o& their &a!orite coor

;D< su'tracte# the nu('er o& re# )encis &ro( the nu('er o& 'ue )encis

>5* The $or# ,The", in ine 16 re&ers to

;A< (athe(aticians

;8< chi#ren

;C< )encis

;D< stu#ies

>6* The $or# ,)rereAuisite, in ine 17 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< reason

;8< theor"

;C< reAuire(ent

;D< techniAue

>4* The $or# ,itse&, in ine =0 re&ers to

;A< the tota

;8< the conce)t o& a'stract nu('ers

;C< an" cass o& o'/ects

;D< setting a ta'e

>7* 9ith $hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents $ou# the author 'e +EAST i0e" to agre
e:

;A< Chi#ren natura" an# easi" earn (athe(atics *

;8< Chi#ren earn to a## 'e&ore the" earn to su'tract*

;C< Most )eo)e &oo$ the sa(e )attern o& (athe(atica #e!eo)(ent

;D< Mathe(atica #e!eo)(ent is su'te an# gra#ua*

?0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author gi!e an e2a()e o& a h")othetica e2)eri
(ent :

;A< +ines >-5

;8< +ines 6-7

;C< +ines 11-1?

;D< +ines 16-=0

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8otan"- the stu#" o& )ants- occu)ies a )ecuiar )osition in the histor" o& hu(an 0no$e#g
e*

Bor (an" thousan#s o& "ears it $as the one &ie# o& a$areness a'out $hich hu(ans
ha# an"thing (ore than the !aguest o& insights* It is i()ossi'e to 0no$ to#a" /ust $hat o
ur Stone Age ancestors 0ne$ a'out )ants- 'ut &ro( $hat $e can o'ser!e o& )rein#ustria
societies that sti e2ist- a #etaie# earning o& )ants an# their )ro)erties (ust 'e e2tre(e
" ancient* This is ogica* Pants are the 'asis o& the &oo#- o"ra(i# &or a i!ing things- e!e
n &or other )ants* The" ha!e a$a"s 'een enor(ous" i()ortant to the $e&are o& )eo)e-
not on" &or &oo#- 'ut aso &or cothing- $ea)ons- toos- #"es- (e#icines- sheter- an# a gr
eat (an" other )ur)oses* Tri'es i!ing to#a" in the /unges o& the A(aFon recogniFe iter
a" hun#re#s o& )ants an# 0no$ (an" )ro)erties o& each* To the( 'otan"- as such- has
no na(e an# is )ro'a'" not e!en recogniFe# as a s)ecia 'ranch o& ,0no$e#ge, at a *

1n&ortunate"- the (ore in#ustriaiFe# $e 'eco(e the &arther a$a" $e (o!e &ro( #ir
ect contact $ith )ants- an# the ess #istinct our 0no$e#ge o& 'otan" gro$s* Cet e!er"on
e co(es unconscious" on an a(aFing a(ount o& 'otanica 0no$e#ge- an# &e$ )eo)e
$i &ai to recogniFe a rose- an a))e- or an orchi#* 9hen our Neoithic ancestors- i!ing in
the Mi##e East a'out 10-000 "ears ago- #isco!ere# that certain grasses cou# 'e har!es
te# an# their see#s )ante# &or richer "ie#s the ne2t season- the &irst great ste) in a ne$
association o& )ants an# hu(ans $as ta0en* Grains $ere #isco!ere# an# &ro( the( &o$
e# the (ar!e o& agricuture % cuti!ate# cro)s* Bro( then on- hu(ans $ou# increasing" t
a0e their i!ing &ro( the controe# )ro#uction o& a &e$ )ants- rather than getting a itte h
ere an# a itte there &ro( (an" !arieties that gre$ $i#EE an# the accu(uate# 0no$e
#ge o& tens o& thousan#s o& "ears o& e2)erience an# inti(ac" $ith )ants in the $i# $ou
# 'egin to &a#e a$a"*

?1 * 9hich o& the &oo$ing assu()tions a'out ear" hu(ans is e2)resse# in the )as
sage:

;A< The" )ro'a'" ha# e2tensi!e 0no$e#ge o& )ants*

;8< The" #i!i#e# 0no$e#ge into $e-#e&ine# &ie#s *

;C< The" #i# not en/o" the stu#" o& 'otan"* *

;D< The" )ace# great i()ortance on o$nershi) o& )ro)ert"*

?=* The $or# ,)ecuiar, in ine 1 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< cear

;8< arge

;C< unusua

;D< i()ortant

?>* 9hat #oes the co((ent ,This is ogica, in ines @-5 (ean :

;A< There is no cear $a" to #eter(ine the e2tent o& our ancestors 0no$e#ge o& )an
ts*
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;8< It is not sur)rising that ear" hu(ans ha# a #etaie# 0no$e#ge o& )ants *

;C< It is reasona'e to assu(e that our ancestors 'eha!e# !er" (uch i0e )eo)e in
)rein#ustria societies *

;D< Hu(an 0no$e#ge o& )ants is $e organiFe# an# !er" #etaie#*

??* The )hrase ,)ro)erties o& each, in ine 10 re&ers to each

;A< tri'e

;8< hun#re#

;C< )ant

;D< )ur)ose
?@*Accor#ing to the )assage- $h" has genera 0no$e#ge o& 'otan" #ecine#:

;A< Peo)e no onger !aue )ants as a use&u resource *

;8< 8otan" is not recogniFe# as a s)ecia 'ranch o& science*

;C< Research is una'e to 0ee) u) $ith the increasing nu('er o& )ants*

;D< Direct contact $ith a !ariet" o& )ants has #ecrease#*

?5* In ine 1@- $hat is the author s )ur)ose in (entioning, a rose- an a))e- or an orc
hi#,:

;A< To (a0e the )assage (ore )oetic

;8< To cite e2a()es o& )ants that are attracti!e

;C< To gi!e 'otanica e2a()es that (ost rea#ers $i recogniFe

;D< To iustrate the #i!ersit" o& 'otanica i&e

?6* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat $as the &irst great ste) to$ar# the )ractice o& ag
ricuture :

;A< The in!ention o& agricutura i()e(ents an# (achiner"

;8< The #e!eo)(ent o& a s"ste( o& na(es &or )ants

;C< The #isco!er" o& grasses that cou# 'e har!este# an# re)ante#

;D< The changing #iets o& ear" hu(ans

?4* The $or# ,controe#, in ine 17 is cosest in (eaning to

;A< a'un#ant

;8< (anage#

;C< reAuire#

;D< a#!ance#

?7* The reationshi) 'et$een 'otan" an# agricuture is si(iar to the reationshi) 'et
$een Fooog" ;the stu#" o& ani(as< an#

;A< #eer hunting

;8< 'ir# $atching

;C< shee) raising

;D< horse'ac0 ri#ing

@0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author #escri'e the 'ene&its )eo)e #eri!e &ro( )
ants:

;A< +ine 1

;8< +ines 5-4

;C< +ines 10-11

;D< +ines 1>-1@

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Section >
READING COMPREHENSION
Question 1-10
The agricutura re!oution in the nineteenth centur" in!o!e# t$o things% the in!ention
o& a'or-sa!ing (achiner" an# the #e!eo)(ent o& scienti&ic agricuture* +a'or-sa!ing
(achiner" natura" a))eare# &irst $here a'or $as scarce* ,In Euro)e-MM sai# Tho(as
.e&&erson- ,the o'/ect is to (a0e the (ost o& their an#- a'or 'eing a'un#ant% here it is to
(a0e the (ost o& our a'or- an# 'eing a'un#ant*MM It $as in the 1nite# States- there&ore-
that the great a#!ances in nineteenth-centur" agricutura (achiner" &irst ca(e*
At the o)ening o& the centur"- $ith the e2ce)tion o& a cru#e )o$- &ar(ers cou# ha!e
carrie# )ractica" a o& the e2isting agricutura i()e(ents on their 'ac0s3 '" 1450-
(ost o& the (achiner" in use to#a" ha# 'een #esigne# in an ear" &or(* The (ost
i()ortant o& the ear" in!entions $as the iron )o$* As ear" as 1670 Chares Ne$'o#
o& Ne$ .erse" ha# 'een $or0ing on the i#ea o& a cast-iron )o$ an# s)ent his entire
&ortune in intro#ucing his in!ention* The &ar(ers- ho$e!er- $ere not intereste# in it-
cai(ing that the iron )oisone# the soi an# (a#e the $ee#s gro$* Ne!ertheess- (an"
)eo)e #e!ote# their attention to the )o$- unti in 1457 .a(es Oi!er o& South 8en#-
In#iana- turne# out the &irst chie#-stee )o$*
1*9hat is the (ain to)ic o& the )assage:
;A< The nee# &or agricutura a#!ances to he) &ee# a gro$ing )o)uation
;8< The #e!eo)(ent o& sa&er (achines #e(an#e# '" the a'or (o!e(ent
;C< Machiner" that contri'ute# to the agricutura re!oution
;D< Ne$ .erse" as a ea#er in the agricutura re!oution
=*The $or# ,natura", in ine > is cosest in (eaning to
;A< unsur)rising"
;8< gra#ua"
;C< a))arent"
;D< sa&e"
>* The e2)ression ,(a0e the (ost o&, in ine ? is cosest in (eaning to
;A< get the 'est "ie# &ro(
;8< raise the )rice o&
;C< e2aggerate the $orth o&
;D< earn a i!ing on
?* 9hich o& the &oo$ing can 'e in&erre# &ro( $hat Tho(as .e&&erson sai# ;ine >-@<:
;A< Euro)e $as changing (ore Auic0" than the 1nite# States*
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;8< Euro)e ha# greater nee# o& &ar( (achiner" than the 1nite# States #i#*
;C< The 1nite# States $as &ina" running out o& goo# &ar(an#*
;D< There $as a shortage o& $or0ers on 1nite# States &ar(s*
@*The $or# ,here, in ine ? re&ers to
;A< Euro)e
;8< 1nite# States
;C< Ne$ .erse"
;D< In#iana
5* 9hat )oint is the author (a0ing '" stating that &ar(ers cou# carr" near" a their toos
on
their 'ac0s*
;A< Bar(ers ha# &e$ toos 'e&ore the agricutura re!oution*
;8< Peo)e in the 1nite# States $ere tra#itiona" se&-reiant*
;C< +i&e on the &ar( $as e2tre(e" #i&&icut*
;D< Ne$ toos $ere #esigne# to 'e )orta'e*
6* 9hen $as the iron )o$ in!ente#:
;A<In 1670*
;8< In the ear" 1400Ms*
;C< In 1457*
;D< In the ear" 1700Ms*
4* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out Chares Ne$'o# is
true:
;A< He $as .a(es Oi!erMs assistant*
;8< He $as 'orn in Euro)e*
;C< He $as o))ose# to scienti&ic agricuture*
;D< He s)ent his o$n (one" to )ro(ote his in!ention*
7* The $or# ,it, in ine 1= re&ers to
;A< scienti&ic agricuture
;8< .a(es Oi!erMs in!ention
;C< the cast-iron )o$
;D< Chares Ne$'o#Ms &ortune
10* 9h" #i# &ar(ers re/ect Ne$'o#Ms )o$:
;A< Their horses $ere &rightene# '" it*
;8< The" )re&erre# ighter toos*
;C< It $as too e2)ensi!e*
;D< The" thought it $ou# ruin the an#*
Questions 1-=0
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Accor#ing to so(e scientists- (igrator" 'ir#s shou# 'e a'e to $ithstan# the
$inter*
A 'ir#Ms &eather" coat is goo# insuation against the co#* 8ecause a 'ir# is $ar(-
'oo#e#- its 'o#" te()erature a$a"s re(ains constant- e!en i& the te()erature o& its
surroun#ings changes*
The &actors that trigger (igrator" 'eha!ior in 'ir#s are #i&&icut to e2)ain* This
'eha!ior see(s to 'e instincti!e- not earne#* Bor e2a()e- (an" northern s)ecies ea!e
their su((er ho(es $hie the $eather is sti $ar( an# the &oo# su))" )enti&u* Coung
arctic terns 'orn at the arctic 'ree#ing groun#s $i a0e o&& $ith the &oc0 &or #istant
an#s the" ha!e ne!er seen*
8ir# (igrations are )ro'a'" reguate# '" the gan#uar s"ste(* Scientists sus)ect
that the changing ength o& the #a" is the &actor that triggers (igrator" 'eha!ior* In an
e2)eri(ent- (igrator" 'ir#s $ere 0e)t in arti&icia" ighte# roo(s* It $as &oun# that
i& )erio#s o& #ar0ness $ere engthene# )ro)ortionate"- the gan#s o& the 'ir#s 'eca(e
acti!e* These gan#s secrete hor(ones- $hich are che(icas that contro nu(erous 'o#"
&unctions* Shorter )erio#s o& #a"ight see( to change the hor(one 'aance o& 'ir#s- so
that the" retain (ore &at* This store# &at is the &ue that )ro!i#es the energ" &or a ong
&ight* The sa(e e2)eri(ent re!eae# that the 'ir#s 'eca(e (ore e2cite# as the arti&icia
night $as engthene#* It is )ro'a'" no coinci#ence that (ost &oc0s 'egin their (igrator"
&ights #uring the night*
11* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< Co((on (igrator" )aths &or 'ir#s
;8< 9h" 'ir#s (igrate
;C< S)ecies o& 'ir#s that #o not (igrate
;D< Migration in co# ci(ates
1=* The $or# ,$ithstan#, in ine 1 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< )re&er
;8< toerate
;C< reguate
;D< un#erstan#
1>* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing )rotects 'ir#s against co# $eather:
;A< Gan#s
;8< Hor(ones
;C< Beathers
;D< Arti&icia ight
1?* The $or# ,constant, in ine > is cosest in (eaning to
;A< in!aria'e
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;8< )ersistent
;C< )re#icta'e
;D< res)onsi!e
1@* The $or# ,its, in ine > re&ers to
;A< te()erature
;8< co#
;C< coat
;D< 'ir#
15* In ines 6-7- the author (entions "oung arctic terns as an e2a()e o& 'ir#s that
;A< #o not (igrate
;8< 'ree# #uring (igration
;C< (igrate instincti!e"
;D< a#a)t to the co#
6* The $or# ,the", in ine 15 re&ers to
;A< gan#s
;8< 'ir#s
;C< 'o#" &unctions
;D< hor(ones
14* Accor#ing to the )assage- 'ir#s e2)ose# to onger )erio#s o& #ar0ness e2)erience a
o& the &oo$ing changes EDCEPT
;A< acti!ate# gan#s
;8< e2cite# 'eha!ior
;C< retention o& (ore &at
;D< increase# a))etite
17* In the e2)eri(ent (entione# in the )assage- the scientists a#/uste# the 'ir#sM
;A< &oo# su))"
;8< 'o#" te()eratures
;C< e2)osure to ight
;D< 'rain che(istr"
=0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author (ention the su'stance that ena'es 'ir#s to &"
ong #istances:
;A< +ines =-?
;8< +ines @-6
;C< +ines 10-11
;D< +ines 15-16
Question =1->0
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There $ere t$o $i#e" #i!ergent in&uences on the ear" #e!eo)(ent o& statistica
(etho#s* Statistics ha# a (other $ho $as #e#icate# to 0ee)ing or#er" recor#s o&
go!ern(enta units ;state an# statistics co(e &ro( the sa(e +atin root- status< an# a
gente(an" ga('ing &ather $ho reie# on (athe(atics to increase his s0i at )a"ing
the o##s in ga(es o& chance* The in&uence o& the (other on the o&&s)ring- statistics- is
re)resente# '" counting- (easuring- #escri'ing- ta'uating- or#ering* an# the ta0ing o&
censuses --- a o& $hich e# to (o#ern #escri)ti!e statistics* Bro( the in&uence o&
the &ather ca(e (o#ern in&erentia statistics- $hich is 'ase# sAuare" on theories o&
)ro'a'iit"*
Descri)ti!e statistics in!o!es ta'uating- #e)icting- an# #escri'ing coections o&
#ata*
These #ata (a" 'e Auantitati!e- such as (easures o& height- inteigence- or gra#e e!e -
!aria'es that are characteriFe# '" an un#er"ing continuu( - or the #ata (a" re)resent
Auaitati!e !aria'es- such as se2- coege (a/or- or )ersonait" t")e* +arge (asses o&
#ata
(ust genera" un#ergo a )rocess o& su((ariFation or re#uction 'e&ore the" are
co()rehensi'e* Descri)ti!e statistics is a too &or #escri'ing or su((ariFing or
re#ucing to co()rehensi'e &or( the )ro)erties o& an other$ise un$ie#" (ass or #ata*
In&erentia statistics is a &or(aiFe# 'o#" o& (etho#s &or so!ing another cass o&
)ro'e(s that )resent great #i&&icuties &or the unai#e# hu(an (in#* This genera cass
o& )ro'e(s characteristica" in!o!es atte()ts to (a0e )re#ictions using a sa()e o&
o'ser!ations* Bor e2a()e- a schoo su)erinten#ent $ishes to #eter(ine the )ro)ortion
o& chi#ren in a arge schoo s"ste( $ho co(e to schoo $ithout 'rea0&ast- ha!e 'een
!accinate# &or &u- or $hate!er* Ha!ing a itte 0no$e#ge o& statistics- the su)erinten#ent
$ou# 0no$ that it is unnecessar" an# ine&&icient to Auestion each chi#3 the )ro)ortion
&or the entire #istrict cou# 'e esti(ate# &air" accurate" &ro( a sa()e o& as &e$ as 00
chi#ren* Thus- the )ur)ose o& in&erentia statistics is to )re#ict or esti(ate characteristics
o& a )o)uation &ro( a 0no$e#ge o& the characteristics o& on" a sa()e o& the
)o)uation*
=1* 9ith $hat is the )assage (ain" concerne# :
;A< The #ra$'ac0s o& #escri)ti!e an# in&erentia statistics
;8< A))ications o& in&erentia statistics
;C< The #e!eo)(ent an# use o& statistics
;D< Ho$ to use #escri)ti!e statistics
==* The $or# ,#i!ergent, in ine 1 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< #i&&erent
;8< #istri'ute#
;C< recor#e#
;D< )ro(inent
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=>* Accor#ing to the &irst )aragra)h- counting an# census-ta0ing arc associate# $ith
;A< in&erentia statistics
;8< #escri)ti!e statistics
;C< un0no$n !aria'es
;D< Auaitati!e changes
=?* 9h" #oes the author (ention the ,(other, an# ,&ather, in the &irst )aragra)h:
;A< To )oint out that )arents can teach their chi#ren statistics
;8< To intro#uce in&erentia statistic
;C< To e2)ain that there are #i&&erent 0in#s o& !aria'es
;D< To )resent the 'ac0groun# o& statistics in a hu(orous an# un#erstan#a'e $a"
=@* The $or# ,sAuare", in ine 4 cou# 'est 'e re)ace# '"
;A< soi#"
;8< geo(etrica"
;C< rectanguar"
;D< ha)haFrar#"
=5* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT gi!en an e2a()e o& a Auaitati!e !aria'e:
;A< Gen#er
;8< Height
;C< Coege (a/or
;D< T")e o& )ersonait"
=6* The $or# ,the", in ine 1> re&ers to
;A< !aria'es
;8< (asses
;C< #escri)ti!e statistics
;D< )ro)erties
=4* 9hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out #escri)ti!e statistics is 'est su))orte# '" the
)assage:
;A< It re#uces arge a(ounts o& #ata to a (ore co()rehensi'e &or(*
;8< It is 'ase# on )ro'a'iit"*
;C< It can 'e use# '" )eo)e $ith itte 0no$e#ge o& (athe(atics*
;D< It (easures on" Auaitati!e #i&&erences*
=7* The $or# ,un$ie#", in ine 1@ is cosest in (eaning to
;A< un(anagea'e
;8< un)re#icta'e
;C< un#erstan#a'e
;D< unreia'e
>0* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat is the )ur)ose o& e2a(ining a sa()e o& a
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)o)uation:
;A< To co()are #i&&erent grou)s
;8< To )re#ict characteristics o& the entire )o)uation
;C< To #etect #i&&erences not o'ser!a'e in the $hoe )o)uation
;D< To co()ie (ore accurate #ata
Questions >1-?0
Gacier Nationa )ar0 in Montana shares 'oun#aries $ith Cana#a- an A(erican
In#ian reser!ation- an# a nationa &orest* Aong the North Bor0 o& the Bathea# Ri!er- the
)ar0
aso 'or#ers a'out 16-000 acres o& )ri!ate an#s that are current" use# &or ranching-
ti('er- an# agricuture* This an# is an i()ortant )art o& the ha'itat an# (igrator" routes
&or se!era en#angere# s)ecies that &reAuent the )ar0* These )ri!ate an#s are
essentia"
the on" ones a!aia'e &or #e!eo)(ent in the region*
9ith encourage(ent &ro( the )ar0- oca an#o$ners initiate# a an#-use )anning
e&&ort to gui#e the &uture o& the North Bor0* The )ar0 is a )artner in an interoca
agree(ent that cas &or resource-(anaging agencies to $or0 together an# $ith the (ore
than ?00 )ri!ate o$ners in the area* A #ra&t )an has 'een )re)are#- $ith the o'/ecti!e o&
(aintaining tra#itiona econo(ic uses 'ut i(iting ne$ #e!eo)(ent that $ou# #a(age
)ar0 resources* Hountar" action '" an#o$ners- in coo)eration $ith the )ar0 an# the
count"- is he)ing to restrict s(a-ot su'#i!isions- (aintain $i#i&e corri#ors- an#
(ini(iFe an" har(&u i()act on the en!iron(ent*
The $iingness o& oca an#o$ners to )artici)ate in this )rotection e&&ort (a" ha!e
'een sti(uate# '" concerns that Congress $ou# i()ose a egisati!e soution*
Ne!ertheess- (an" oca resi#ents $ant to retain the e2isting character o& the area*
Meetings 'et$een )ar0 o&&icias an# an#o$ners ha!e e# to a #ra(atica" i()ro!e#
un#erstan#ing o& a concerns*
>1* The )assage (ain" #iscusses
;A< the en#angere# s)ecies in Gacier Nationa Par0
;8< the )rotection o& an#s surroun#ing Gacier Nationa Par0
;C< conser!ation a$s i()ose# '" the state o& Montana
;D< conser!ation a$s i()ose# '" Congress
>=* 9h" are the )ri!ate an#s surroun#ing Gacier Nationa Par0 so i()ortant:
;A< The" &unction as a hunting )reser!e*
;8< The" are restricte# to go!ern(ent use*
;C< The" are hea!i" )o)uate#*
;D< The" contain natura ha'itats o& threatene# s)ecies*
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>>* The $or# ,ones, in ine 5 re&ers to
;A< )ri!ate an#s
;8< en#angere# s)ecies
;C< (igrator" routes
;D< ranching- ti('er- agricuture
>?* The $or# ,initiate#, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< starte#
;8< reAueste#
;C< )urchase#
;D< consi#ere#
>@* The reationshi) 'et$een )ar0 o&&icias an# neigh'oring an#o$ners (a" 'est 'e
#escri'e# as
;A< in#i&&erent
;8< inti(ate
;C< coo)erati!e
;D< #isa))ointing
>5* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that a (a/or interest o& the o&&icias o& Gacier
Nationa Par0 is to
;A< i(it an# #e!eo)(ent aroun# the )ar0
;8< esta'ish a ne$ Par0 in Montana
;C< in&uence nationa egisation
;D< sette 'or#er #is)utes $ith Cana#a
>6* In ines 1@-15- the author i()ies that an#o$ners (ight 'e res)on#ing to
en!iron(enta
concerns &or $hich o& the &oo$ing reasons:
;A< The" $ish to sti(uate econo(ic gro$th*
;8< The" $ish to i()ro!e their )u'ic i(age*
;C< The" ha!e a tra#ition o& coo)erating $ith the go!ern(ent*
;D< The" &ear &e#era egisation*
>4* The $or# ,sti(uate#, in ine 15 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< (oti!ate#
;8< antici)ate#
;C< su'stitute#
;D< un#er(ine#
>7* The $or# ,retain, in ine 16 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< )reser!e
;8< )ossess
;C< en/o"
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;D< i()ro!e
?0* 9here in the )assage #oes the author (ention the )ur)ose o& the )an #e!eo)e#
'" oca an#o$ners an# )ar0 o&&icias:
;A< +ines 1-=
;8< +ines ?-5
;C< +ines 10-1?
;D< +ines 1@-16
Question ?1-@0
I& the sainit" o& ocean $aters is ana"Fe#- it is &oun# to !ar" on" sight" &ro( )ace
to )ace* Ne!ertheess- so(e o& these s(a changes are i()ortant* There are three
'asic
)rocesses that cause a change in oceanic sainit"* One o& these is the su'traction o&
$ater
&ro( the ocean '" (eans o& e!a)oration --- con!ersion o& iAui# $ater to $ater !a)or* In
this (anner- the sainit" is increase#- since the sats sta" 'ehin#* I& this is carrie# to the
e2tre(e- o& course- $hite cr"stas o& sat $ou# 'e e&t 'ehin#*
The o))osite o& e!a)oration is )reci)itation- such as rain- '" $hich $ater is a##e# to
the ocean* Here the ocean is 'eing #iute# so that the sainit" is #ecrease#* This (a"
occur in areas o& high rain&a or in coasta regions $here ri!ers &o$ into the ocean* Thus
sainit" (a" 'e increase# '" the su'traction o& $ater '" e!a)oration- or #ecrease# '" the
a##ition o& &resh $ater '" )reci)itation or runo&&*
Nor(a"- in tro)ica regions $here the sun is !er" strong- the ocean sainit" is
so(e$hat higher than it is in other )arts o& the $or# $here there is not as (uch
e!a)oration* Si(iar"- in coasta regions $here ri!ers #iute the sea- sainit" is so(e$hat
o$er than in other oceanic areas*
A thir# )rocess '" $hich sainit" (a" 'e atere# is associate# $ith the &or(ation an#
(eting o& sea ice* 9hen sea$ater is &roFen- the #isso!e# (aterias are e&t 'ehin#* In
this (anner- sea$ater #irect" 'eneath &resh" &or(e# sea ice has a higher sainit" than it
#i# 'e&ore the ice a))eare#* O& course- $hen this ice (ets- it $i ten# to #ecrease the
sainit" o& the surroun#ing $ater*
In the 9e##e Sea- o&& Antarctica- the #ensest $ater in the oceans is &or(e# as a
resut o& this &reeFing )rocess- $hich increases the sainit" o& co# $ater* This hea!"
$ater sin0s an# is &oun# in the #ee)er )ortions o& the oceans o& the $or#*
?* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< The ee(ents o& sat
;8< The 'o#ies o& $ater o& the $or#
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;C< The (an" &or(s o& ocean i&e
;D< The sainit" o& ocean $ater
?=* The $or# ,this, in ine @ re&ers to
;A< ocean
;8< e!a)oration
;C< sainit"
;D< cr"stas
?>* Accor#ing to the )assage- the ocean genera" has (ore sat in
;A< coasta areas
;8< tro)ica areas
;C< rain" areas
;D< tur'uent areas
??* A o& the &oo$ing are )rocesses that #ecrease sainit" EDCEPT
;A< e!a)oration
;8< )reci)itation
;C< runo&&
;D< (eting
?@* 9hich o& the &oo$ing state(ents a'out the sainit" o& a 'o#" $ater can 'est 'e
in&erre# &ro( the )assage:
;A< The te()erature o& the $ater is the (ost i()ortant &actor*
;8< The s)ee# $ith $hich $ater (o!es is #irect" reate# to the a(ount o& sat*
;C< Ocean sainit" has itte e&&ect on sea i&e*
;D< Harious &actors co('ine to cause !ariations in the sat content o& $ater*
?5* The $or# ,atere#, in ine 15 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< #eter(ine#
;8< change#
;C< accu(uate#
;D< nee#e#
?6* The $or# ,it, in ine 14 re&ers to
;A< sea ice
;8< sainit"
;C< sea$ater
;D< (anner
?4* 9h" #oes the author (ention the 9e##e Sea:
;A< To sho$ that this 'o#" o& $ater has sainit" !ariations
;8< To co()are Antarctic $aters $ith Arctic $aters
;C< To gi!e an e2a()e o& increase# sainit" #ue to &reeFing
35 73
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;D< To )oint out the ocation o& #ee) $aters
?7* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT a resut o& the &or(ation o& ocean ice:
;A< The sat re(ains in the $ater*
;8< The surroun#ing $ater sin0s*
;C< 9ater sainit" #ecreases*
;D< The $ater 'eco(es #enser*
@0* 9hat can 'e in&erre# a'out the $ater near the 'otto( o& oceans:
;A< It is reati!e" $ar(*
;8< Its sainit" is reati!e" high*
;C< It #oes not (o!e*
;D< It e!a)orates Auic0"*
Section 3
READING COMPREHENSION
As !n" !s one t#o$s!n% "e!&s !'o in t#e So$t#(est) t#e Ho*i !n% +$ni In%i!ns
o, No&t# Ae&ic! (e&e -$i.%in' (it# !%o-e // s$n/-!0e% -&ic0 *.!ste&e% (it# $%1
2#ei& #oes .oo0e%
&e!&0!-." .i0e o%e !*!&tent #o$ses1 Soe (e&e ,o$& sto&ies #i'# !n% cont!ine%
3$!&te&s
,o& *e&#!*s t#o$s!n% *eo*.e) !.on' (it# sto&e&oos ,o& '&!in !n% ot#e& 'oo%s1 2#ese
-$i.%in's (e&e $s$!.." *$t $* !'!inst c.i,,s) -ot# to !0e const&$ction e!sie& !n% ,o&
%e,ense
!'!inst eneies1 2#e" (e&e &e!.." 4i..!'es in t#ese.4es) !s .!te& S*!nis# e5*.o&e&s
$st #!4e
&e!.i6e% since t#e" c!..e% t#e 7*$e-.os7) (#ic# is S*!nis# ,o& to(n1
2#e *eo*.e o& t#e *$e-.os &!ise% (#!t !&e c!..e% 7t#e t#&ee siste&s7 // co&n) -e!ns)
!n%
s3$!s#1 2#e" !%e e5ce..ent *otte&" !n% (o4e !&4e.o$s -!s0ets) soe so ,ine t#!t
t#e" co$.%
#o.% (!te&1 2#e So$t#(est #!s !.(!"s -een ! %&" co$nt&") (#e&e (!te& is sc!&ce1 2#e
Ho*i !n%
+$ni -&o$'#t (!te& ,&o st&e!s to t#ei& ,ie.%s !n% '!&%ens t#&o$'# i&&i'!tion %itc#es1
8!te&
(!s so i*o&t!nt t#!t it *.!"e% ! !9o& &o.e in t#ei& &e.i'ion1 2#e" %e4e.o*e%
e.!-o&!te
ce&eonies !n% &e.i'io$s &it$!.s to -&in' &!in1
36 73
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2#e (!" o, .i,e o, .ess/sett.e% '&o$*s (!s si*.e& !n% o&e st&on'." in,.$ence%
-" n!t$&e1
S!.. t&i-es s$c# !s t#e S#os#one !n% :te (!n%e&e% t#e %&" !n% o$nt!ino$s .!n%s
-et(een
t#e Roc0" Mo$nt!ins !n% t#e P!ci,ic Oce!n1 2#e" '!t#e&e% see%s !n% #$nte% s!..
!ni!.s
s$c# !s &!--its !n% sn!0es1In t#e ;!& No&t# t#e !ncesto&s o, to%!"<s In$it #$nte% se!.s)
(!.&$ses)
!n% t#e '&e!t (#!.es1 2#e" .i4e% &i'#t on t#e ,&o6en se!s in s#e.te&s c!..e% i'.oos -$i.t
o, -.oc0s
o, *!c0e% sno(1 8#en s$e& c!e) t#e" ,is#e% ,o& s!.on !n% #$nte% t#e .o&%."
c!&i-o$1
2#e C#e"enne) P!(nee) !n% Sio$5 t&i-es) 0no(n !s t#e P.!ins In%i!ns) .i4e% on
t#e
'&!ss.!n%s -et(een t#e &oc0" o$nt!ins !n% t#e Mississi**i Ri4e&1 2#e" #$nte% -ison
coon." c!..e% t#e -$,,!.o1 Its e!t (!s t#e c#ie, ,oo% o, t#ese t&i-es) !n% its #i%e
(!s $se%
to !0e t#ei& c.ot#in' !n% t#e co4e&in' o, t#ei& tents !n% ti*is 1
118#!t %oes t#e *!ss!'e !in." %isc$ss=
>A? 2#e !&c#itect$&e o, e!&." Ae&ic!n In%i!n -$i.%in's
>@? 2#e o4eent o, Ae&ic!n In%i!ns !c&oss No&t# Ae&ic!
>C? Ce&eonies !n% &it$!.s o, Ae&ic!n In%i!ns
>D? 2#e (!" o, .i,e o, Ae&ic!n In%i!n t&i-es in e!&." No&t# Ae&ic!
21 Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e t#e Ho*i !n% +$ni t"*ic!.." -$i.t t#ei& #oes
>A? in 4!..e"s
>@? ne5t to st&e!s
>C? on o*en *.!ins
>D? !'!inst c.i,,s
31 2#e (o&% 72#e"7 in .ine 6 &e,e&s to
>A? 'oo%s
>@? -$i.%in's
>C? c.i,,s
>D? eneies
41It c!n -e in,e&&e% ,&o t#e *!ss!'e t#!t t#e %(e..in's o, t#e Ho*i !n% +$ni (e&e
>A? 4e&" s!..
>@? #i'#." !%4!nce%
>C? %i,,ic$.t to %e,en%
>D? 3$ic0." const&$cte%
37 73
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512#e !$t#o& $ses t#e *#&!se 7t#e t#&ee siste&s7 in .ine8 &e,e& to
>A? Ho*i (oen
>@? ,!i." e-e&s
>C? i*o&t!nt c&o*s
>D? &!in ce&eonies
61 2#e (o&% 7sc!&ce7 in .ine10 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? .iite%
>@? #i%%en
>C? *$&e
>D? necess!&"
718#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' is t&$e o, t#e S#os#one !n% :te=
>A? 2#e" (e&e not !s sett.e% !s t#e Ho*i !n% +$ni1
>@? 2#e" #$nte% c!&i-o$1
>C? 2#e" -$i.t t#ei& #oe (it# !%o-e1
>D? 2#e" %i% not #!4e !n" &e.i'io$s 1
81 Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e (#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' t&i-es .i4e% in t#e '&!ss.!n%s=
>A? 2#e S#os#one !n% :te
>@? 2#e C#e"enne !n% Sio$5
>C? 2#e Ho*i !n% +$ni
>D? 2#e P!(nee !n% In$it
91 8#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' !ni!.s (!s ost i*o&t!nt to t#e P.!ins In%i!ns=
>A? 2#e s!.on
>@? 2#e c!&i-o$
>C? 2#e se!.
>D? 2#e -$,,!.o
101 8#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' is NO2 entione% -" t#e !$t#o& !s ! %(e..in' *.!ce o,
e!&."
No&t# Ae&ic!ns=
>A? Ao' c!-ins
>@? A%o-e #o$ses
>C? 2i*is
>D? I'.oos
11 1 2#e !$t#o& 'i4es !n e5*.!n!tion ,o& !.. o, t#e ,o..o(in' (o&%s EBCEP2
>A? !%o-e
>@? *$e-.os
>C? c!&i-o$
>D? -ison
38 73
010-62516682
121 2#e !$t#o& '&o$*s No&t# Ae&ic!n In%i!ns !cco&%in' to t#ei&
>A? t&i-es !n% 'eo'&!*#ic!. &e'ions
>@? !&ts !n% c&!,ts
>C? &it$!.s !n% ce&eonies
>D? %!te o, !**e!&!nce on t#e continent
M!&i!nne Moo&e >1887/1972? once s!i% t#!t #e& (&itin' co$.% -e c!..e% *oet&"
on."
-ec!$se t#e&e (!s no ot#e& n!e ,o& it1 In%ee% #e& *oes !**e!& to -e e5t&ee."
co*&esse%
ess!"s t#!t #!**en to -e *&inte% in 9!''e% .ines on t#e *!'e1 He& s$-9ects (e&e 4!&ie%C
!ni!.s)
.!-o&e&s) !&tists) !n% t#e c&!,t o, *oet&"1 ;&o #e& 'ene&!. &e!%in' c!e 3$ot!tions t#!t
s#e
,o$n% st&i0in' o& insi'#t,$.1 S#e inc.$%e% t#ese in #e& *oes) sc&$*$.o$s." enc.ose% in
3$ot!tion
!&0s) !n% soeties i%enti,ie% in ,ootnotes1 O, t#is *&!ctice) s#e (&ote) 7<8#" t#e
!n"
3$ot!tion !&0s=< I ! !s0e%1111118#en ! t#in' #!s -een s!i% so (e.. t#!t it co$.% not
-e s!i%
-ette&) (#" *!&!*#&!se it= Hence " (&itin' is) i, not ! c!-inet o, ,ossi.s) ! 0in% o,
co..ection
o, ,.ies in !-e&17 C.ose o-se&4!tion !n% concent&!tion on %et!i. !&e t#e et#o%s o,
#e& *oet&"1
M!&i!nne Moo&e '&e( $* in Di&0(oo%) Misso$&i) ne!& St1Ao$is1 A,te& '&!%$!tion
,&o
@&"n M!(& Co..e'e in 1909) s#e t!$'#t coe&ci!. s$-9ects !t t#e In%i!n Sc#oo. in
C!&.is.e)
Penns".4!ni!1 A!te& s#e -ec!e ! .i-&!&i!n in Ne( Eo&0 Cit"1 D$&in' t#e 1920<s s#e
(!s e%ito&
o, The Dial) !n i*o&t!nt .ite&!&" !'!6ine o, t#e *e&io%1 S#e .i4e% 3$iet." !.. #e&
.i,e) ost."
in @&oo0."n) Ne( Eo&01 S#e s*ent ! .ot o, tie !t t#e @&on5 +oo) ,!scin!te% -"
!ni!.s1
He& !%i&!tion o, t#e @&oo0."n Do%'e&s///-e,o&e t#e te! o4e% to Aos An'e.es
///(!s
(i%e." 0no(n1
He& ,i&st -oo0 o, *oes (!s *$-.is#e% in Aon%on in 1921 -" ! '&o$* o, ,&ien%s
!ssoci!te%
(it# t#e I!'ist o4eent1 ;&o t#!t tie on #e& *oet&" #!s -een &e!% (it# inte&est
-"
s$ccee%in' 'ene&!tions o, *oets !n% &e!%e&s1 In 1952 s#e (!s !(!&% t#e P$.it6e& P&i6e
39 73
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,o& #e&
Collected Poems1 S#e (&ote t#!t s#e %i% not (&ite *oet&" 7,o& one" o& ,!e1 2o e!&n
! .i4in'
is nee%,$.) -$t it c!n -e %one in &o$tine (!"s1 One (&ites -ec!$se one #!s ! -$&nin'
%esi&e to
o-9ecti," (#!t it is in%is*ens!-.e to one<s #!**iness to e5*&ess11111117
131 8#!t is t#e *!ss!'e !in." !-o$t=
>A? 2#e in,.$ence o, t#e I!'ists on M!&i!nne Moo&e1
>@? Ess!"ists !n% *oets o, t#e 1920<s
>C? 2#e $se o, 3$ot!tions in *oet&"
>D? M!&i!nne Moo&<s .i,e !n% (o&0
141 8#ic# i, t#e ,o..o(in' c!n -e inte&&e% !-o$t Moo&e<s *oes=
>A? 2#e" !&e -ette& 0no(n in E$&o*e t#!n t#e :nite% St!tes1
>@? 2#e" %o not $se t&!%ition!. 4e&se ,o&s1
>C? 2#e" (e&e !.. *$-.is#e% in The Dial1
>D? 2#e" ten% to -e !-st&!ct1
151 Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e Moo&e (&ote !-o$t !.. o, t#e ,o..o(in' EBCEP2
>A? !&tists
>@? !ni!.s
>C? ,ossi.s
>D? (o&0e&s
161 8#!t %oes Moo&e &e,e& to !s 7,.ies in !-e&7 >.ine 9?=
>A? A coon i!'e in #e& *oet&"
>@? Poet&" in t#e t(entiet# cent$&"
>C? Concent&!tion on %et!i.
>D? F$ot!tions (it#in #e& *oet&"
171 2#e !$t#o& entions !.. o, t#e ,o..o(in' !s 9o-s #e.% -" Moo&e EBCEP2
>A? coe&ci!. !&tist
>@? te!c#e&
>C? !'!6ine e%ito&
>D? .i-&!&i!n
181 2#e (o&% 7*e&io%7 in .ine 13 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? o4eent
>@? sc#oo.
>C? &e'ion
>D? tie
40 73
010-62516682
1918#e&e %i% Moo&e s*en% ost o, #e& !%$.t .i,e=
>A? In Di&0(oo%
>@? In @&oo0."n
>C? In Aos An'e.es
>D? In C!&.is.e
2012#e (o&% 7s$ccee%in'7 in .ine 19 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? in#e&itin'
>@? *&os*e&in'
>C? %i4e&se
>D? .!te&
21 1 2#e (o&% 7it7 in .ine 21 &e,e&s to
>A? (&itin' *oet&"
>@? -ecoin' ,!o$s
>C? e!&nin' n .i4in'
>D? !tt&!ctin' &e!%e&s
221It c!n -e in,e&&e% ,&o t#e *!ss!'e t#!t Moo&e (&ote -ec!$se s#e
>A? (!nte% to (in !(!&%s
>@? (!s %iss!tis,ie% (it# (#!t ot#e&s (&ote
>C? ,e.t ! nee% to e5*&ess #e&se.,
>D? (!nte% to &!ise one" ,o& t#e @&on5 +oo
8#!t !0es it &!in= R!in ,!..s ,&o c.o$%s ,o& t#e s!e &e!son !n"t#in' ,!..s to
E!&t#1
2#e E!&t#<s '&!4it" *$..s it1@$t e4e&" c.o$% is !%e o, (!te& %&o*.ets o& ice c&"st!.s1
8#"
%oesn<t &!in o& sno( ,!.. const!nt." ,&o !.. c.o$%s= 2#e %&o*.ets o& ice c&"st!.s in
c.o$%s !&e
e5cee%in'." s!..12#e e,,ect o& '&!4it" on t#e is in$te1 Ai& c$&&ents o4e !n% .i,t
%&o*.ets
so t#!t t#e net %o(n(!&% %is*.!ceent is 6e&o) e4en t#o$'# t#e %&o*.ets !&e in
const!nt otion1
D&o*.ets !n% ice c&"st!.s -e#!4e soe(#!t .i0e %$st in t#e !i& !%e 4isi-.e in !
s#!,t o,
s$n.i'#t1 2o t#e c!s$!. o-se&4e&) %$st sees to !ct in ! tot!.." &!n%o ,!s#ion) o4in'
!-o$t
c#!otic!.." (it#o$t ,i5e% %i&ection1 @$t in ,!ct %$st *!&tic.es !&e $c# .!&'e& t#!n
(!te& %&o*.ets
!n% t#e" ,in!.." ,!..1 2#e !4e&!'e si6e o, ! c.o$% %&o*.et is on." 010004 inc# in
%i!ete&1 It is so
s!.. t#!t it (o$.% t!0e si5teen #o$&s to ,!.. #!., ! i.e in *e&,ect." sti.. !i&)!n% it %oes
41 73
010-62516682
not ,!..
o$t o, o4in' !i& !t !..1 On." (#en t#e %&o*.et '&o(s to %i!ete& o, 01008 inc# o&
.!&'e& c!n
it ,!.. ,&o t#e c.o$%1 2#e !4e&!'e &!in%&o* cont!ins ! i..ion ties !s $c# (!te& !s
! tin"
c.o$% %&o*.et1 2#e '&o(t# o, ! c.o$% %&o*.et to ! si6e .!&'e eno$'# to ,!.. o$t is t#e
c!$se o,
&!in !n% ot#e& ,o&s o, *&eci*it!tion1 2#is i*o&t!nt '&o(t# *&ocess is c!..e%
7co!.escence1<<
231 8#!t is t#e !in to*ic o, t#e *!ss!'e=
>A? 2#e ec#!nics o, &!in
>@? 2#e (e!t#e& *!tte&ns o, No&t# Ae&ic!
>C? Ho( E!&t#<s '&!4it" !,,ects !'&ic$.t$&e
>D? 2"*es o, c.o$%s
2412#e (o&% 7in$te<< in .ine 4 is c.osest in e!nin' to (#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in'=
>A? secon%
>@? tin"
>C? s.o(
>D? ste!%"
25 12#c (o&% 7otion<< in .ine 5 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? (in%
>@? c#!n'e
>C? o4eent
>D? #$i%it"
261Ice c&"st!.s %o NO2 ie%i!te." ,!.. to E!&t# -ec!$se
>A? t#e" !&e 0e*t !.o,t -" !i& c$&&ents1
>@? t#e" co-ine (it# ot#e& c#eic!.s in t#e !tos*#e&e
>C? ost o, t#e e4!*o&!te
>D? t#ei& e.ect&ic!. c#!&'es %&!( t#e !(!" ,&o t#e e!&t#
271 2#e (o&% 7&!n%o7 in .ine 7 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? $n*&e%ict!-.e
>@? *e&*.e5in'
>C? in%e*en%entI
>D? !-no&!.
2818#!t c!n -e in,e&&e% !-o$t %&o*s o, (!te& .!&'e& t#!n 01008 inc# in %i!ete&=
>A? 2#e" ne4e& occ$&1
>@? 2#e" !&e not !,,ecte% -" t#e ,o&ce o, '&!4it"1
42 73
010-62516682
>C? In sti.. !i& t#e" (o$.% ,!.. to e!&t#1
>D? In o4in' !i& t#e" ,!.. !t ! s*ee% o, t#i&t" /t(o i.es *e& #o$&1
29 Ho( $c# -i''e& is ! &!in %&o* t#!n ! c.o$% %&o*.et =
>A? 200 ties -i''e&
>@? 1)000 ties -i''e&
>C? 100)000 ties -i''e&
>D? .)000)000 ties -i''e&
301 In t#is *!ss!'e) (#!t %oes t#e te& 7co!.escence7 &e,e& to
>A? 2#e '!t#e&in' o, s!.. c.o$%s to ,o& .!&'e& c.o$%s
>@? 2#e '&o(t# o, %&o*.ets
>C? 2#e e,,ect o, '&!4it" on *&eci*it!tion
>D? 2#e o4eent o, %$st *!&tic.es in t#e s$n.i'#t
Peo*.e !**e!& to -e -o&n to co*$te1 2#e n$e&ic!. s0i.. o, c#i.%&en %e4e.o* so
e!&."
!n% so ine5o&!-." t#!t it is e!s" to i!'ine !n inte&n!. c.oc0 o, !t#e!tic!. !t$&it"
'$i%in'
t#ei& '&o(t#1 Not .on' !,te& .e!&nin' to (!.0 !n% t!.0) t#e" c!n set t#e t!-.e (it#
i*&essi4e
!cc$&!c"///one *.!te) one 0ni,e) one s*oon) one ,o&0) ,o& e!c# o, t#e ,i4e c#!i&s1 Soon
t#e" !&e
c!*!-.e o, notin' t#!t t#e" #!4e *.!ce% ,i4e 0ni4es) s*oons) !n% ,o&0s on t#e t!-.e
!n%) ! #it
.!te&) t#!t t#is !o$nts to ,i,teen *ieces o, si.4e&(!&e1 H!4in' t#$s !ste&e% !%%ition)
t#e"
o4e on to s$-t&!ction1 It sees !.ost &e!son!-.e to e5*ect t#!t i, ! c#i.% (e&e
sec.$%e% on !
%ese&t is.!n% !t -i&t# !n% &et&ie4e% se4en "e!&s .!te&) #e o& s#e co$.% ente& ! secon%/
'&!%e
!t#e!tics c.!ss (it#o$t !n" se&io$s *&o-.es o, inte..ect$!. !%9$stent1
O, co$&se) t#e t&$t# is not so si*.e1 2#is cent$&") t#e (o&0 o, co'niti4e
*s"c#o.o'ists #!s
i..$in!te% t#e s$-t.e ,&os o, %!i." .e!&nin' on (#ic# inte&..ect$!. *&o'&ess %e*en%s1
C#i.%&en
(e&e o-se&4e% !s t#e" s.o(." '&!s*e%///o& )!s t#e c!se i'#t -e)-$*e% into///
conce*ts t#!t
!%$.ts t!0e ,o& '&!nte%) !s t#e" &e,$see%) ,o& inst!nce) to conce%e t#!t 3$!ntit" is
$nc#!n'e% !s
(!te& *o$&s ,&o ! s#o&t sto$t '.!ss into ! t!.. t#in one1 Ps"c#o.o'ists #!4e since
%eonst&!te%
t#!t "o$n' c#i.%&en) !s0e% to co$nt t#e *enci.s in ! *i.e) &e!%i." &e*o&t t#e n$-e& o,
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-.$e o&
&e% *enci.s) -$t $st -e co!5e% into ,in%in' t#e tot!.1 S$c# st$%ies #!4e s$''este%
t#!t t#e
&$%ients o, !t#e!tics !&e !ste&e% '&!%$!..") !n% (it# e,,o&t1 2#e" #!4e !.so
s$''este%
t#!t t#e 4e&" conce*t o, !-st&!ct n$-e&s/// t#e i%e! o, ! oneness) ! t(oness) !
t#&eeness t#!t
!**.ies to !n" c.!ss o, o-9ects !n% is ! *&e&e3$isite ,o& %oin' !n"t#in' o&e
!t#e!tic!.."
%e!n%in' t#!n settin' ! t!-.e/// is itse., ,!& ,&o inn!te1
3118#!t %oes t#e *!ss!'e !in." %isc$ss=
>A? 2&en%s in te!c#in' !t#e!tics to c#i.%&en
>@? 2#e $se o, !t#e!tics in c#i.% *s"c#o.o'"
>C? 2#e %e4e.o*ent o, !t#e!tic!. !-i.it" in c#i.%&en
>D? 2#e ,$n%!ent!. conce*ts o, !t#e!tics t#!t c#i.%&en $st .e!&n
321It c!n -e in,e&&e% ,&o t#e *!ss!'e t#!t c#i.%&en no&!.." .e!&n si*.e co$ntin'
>A? soon !,te& t#e" .e!&n to t!.0
>@? -" .oo0in' !t t#e c.oc0
>C? (#en t#e" -e'in to -e !t#e!tic!.." !t$&e
>D? !,te& t#e" &e!c# secon% '&!%e in sc#oo.
3312#e (o&% 7i..$in!te%<< in .ine 11 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? i.i$st&!te%
>@? !cce*te%
>C? c.!&i,ie%
>D? .i'#te%
34 1 2#e !$t#o& i*.ies t#!t ost s!.. c#i.%&en -e.ie4e t#!t t#e 3$!ntit" o, (!te&
c#!n'es (#en it is t&!ns,e&&e% to ! cont!ine& o, ! %i,,e&ent
>A? co.o&
>@? 3$!.it"
>C? (ei'#t
>D? s#!*e
35 1Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e) (#en s!.. c#i.%&en (e&e !s0e% to co$nt ! *i.e o,
&e% !n% -.$e *enci.s t#e"
>A? co$nte% t#e n$-e& o, *enci.s o, e!c# co.o&
>@? '$esse% !t t#e tot!. n$-e& o, *enci.s
>C? co$nte% on." t#e *enci.s o, t#ei& ,!4o&ite co.o&
>D? s$-t&!cte% t#e n$-e& o, &e% *enci.s ,&o t#e n$-e& o, -.$e *enci.s
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361 2#e (o&% 72#e"7 in .ine 17 &e,e&s to
>A? !t#e!tici!ns
>@? c#i.%&en
>C? *enci.s
>D? st$%ies
371 2#e (o&% 7*&e&e3$isite7 in .ine 19 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? &e!son
>@? t#eo&"
>C? &e3$i&eent
>D? tec#ni3$e
381 2#e (o&% 7itse.,7 in .ine 20 &e,e&s to
>A? t#e tot!.
>@? t#e conce*t o, !-st&!ct n$-e&s
>C? !n" c.!ss o, o-9ects
>D? settin' ! t!-.e
391 8it# (#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' st!teents (o$.% t#e !$t#o& -e AEAS2 .i0e."
to !'&ee=
>A? C#i.%&en n!t$&!.." !n% e!si." .e!&n !t#e!tics 1
>@? C#i.%&en .e!&n to !%% -e,o&e t#e" .e!&n to s$-t&!ct1
>C? Most *eo*.e ,o..o( t#e s!e *!tte&n o, !t#e!tic!. %e4e.o*ent
>D? M!t#e!tic!. %e4e.o*ent is s$-t.e !n% '&!%$!.1
401 8#e&e in t#e *!ss!'e %oes t#e !$t#o& 'i4e !n e5!*.e o, ! #"*ot#etic!.
e5*e&ient =
>A? Aines 3/6
>@? Aines 7/9
>C? Aines 11/14
>D? Aines 17/20
@ot!n") t#e st$%" o, *.!nts) occ$*ies ! *ec$.i!& *osition in t#e #isto&" o, #$!n
0no(.e%'e1
;o& !n" t#o$s!n%s o, "e!&s it (!s t#e one ,ie.% o, !(!&eness !-o$t (#ic# #$!ns
#!%
!n"t#in' o&e t#!n t#e 4!'$est o, insi'#ts1 It is i*ossi-.e to 0no( to%!" 9$st (#!t
o$& Stone
A'e !ncesto&s 0ne( !-o$t *.!nts) -$t ,&o (#!t (e c!n o-se&4e o, *&ein%$st&i!.
societies t#!t
sti.. e5ist) ! %et!i.e% .e!&nin' o, *.!nts !n% t#ei& *&o*e&ties $st -e e5t&ee." !ncient1
2#is is
.o'ic!.1 P.!nts !&e t#e -!sis o, t#e ,oo%) o"&!i% ,o& !.. .i4in' t#in's) e4en ,o& ot#e&
*.!nts1 2#e"
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#!4e !.(!"s -een eno&o$s." i*o&t!nt to t#e (e.,!&e o, *eo*.e) not on." ,o& ,oo%)
-$t !.so ,o&
c.ot#in') (e!*ons) too.s) %"es) e%icines) s#e.te&) !n% ! '&e!t !n" ot#e& *$&*oses1
2&i-es
.i4in' to%!" in t#e 9$n'.es o, t#e A!6on &eco'ni6e .ite&!.." #$n%&e%s o, *.!nts !n%
0no(
!n" *&o*e&ties o, e!c#1 2o t#e -ot!n") !s s$c#) #!s no n!e !n% is *&o-!-." not
e4en
&eco'ni6e% !s ! s*eci!. -&!nc# o, 70no(.e%'e7 !t !.. 1
:n,o&t$n!.e.") t#e o&e in%$st&i!.i6e% (e -ecoe t#e ,!&t#e& !(!" (e o4e ,&o
%i&ect
cont!ct (it# *.!nts) !n% t#e .ess %istinct o$& 0no(.e%'e o, -ot!n" '&o(s1 Eet e4e&"one
coes
$nconscio$s." on !n !!6in' !o$nt o, -ot!nic!. 0no(.e%'e)!n% ,e( *eo*.e (i.. ,!i.
to
&eco'ni6e ! &ose) !n !**.e)o& !n o&c#i%1 8#en o$& Neo.it#ic !ncesto&s) .i4in' in t#e
Mi%%.e
E!st !-o$t 10)000 "e!&s !'o) %isco4e&e% t#!t ce&t!in '&!sses co$.% -e #!&4este% !n%
t#ei& see%s
*.!nte% ,o& &ic#e& "ie.%s t#e ne5t se!son) t#e ,i&st '&e!t ste* in ! ne( !ssoci!tion o,
*.!nts !n%
#$!ns (!s t!0en1 G&!ins (e&e %isco4e&e% !n% ,&o t#e ,.o(e% t#e !&4e. o,
!'&ic$.t$&e C
c$.ti4!te% c&o*s1 ;&o t#en on) #$!ns (o$.% inc&e!sin'." t!0e t#ei& .i4in' ,&o t#e
cont&o..e%
*&o%$ction o, ! ,e( *.!nts) &!t#e& t#!n 'ettin' ! .itt.e #e&e !n% ! .itt.e t#e&e ,&o !n"
4!&ieties
t#!t '&e( (i.%/// !n% t#e !cc$$.!te% 0no(e.%'e o, tens o, t#o$s!n%s o, "e!&s o,
e5*e&ience
!n% inti!c" (it# *.!nts in t#e (i.% (o$.% -e'in to ,!%e !(!"1
41 1 8#ic# o, t#e ,o..o(in' !ss$*tions !-o$t e!&." #$!ns is e5*&esse% in t#e
*!ss!'e=
>A? 2#e" *&o-!-." #!% e5tensi4e 0no(.e%'e o, *.!nts1
>@? 2#e" %i4i%e% 0no(.e%'e into (e../%e,ine% ,ie.%s 1
>C? 2#e" %i% not en9o" t#e st$%" o, -ot!n"1 1
>D? 2#e" *.!ce% '&e!t i*o&t!nce on o(ne&s#i* o, *&o*e&t"1
421 2#e (o&% 7*ec$.i!&7 in .ine 1 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? c.e!&
>@? .!&'e
>C? $n$s$!.
>D? i*o&t!nt
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431 8#!t %oes t#e coent 72#is is .o'ic!.7 in .ines 5/6 e!n =
>A? 2#e&e is no c.e!& (!" to %ete&ine t#e e5tent o, o$& !nceto&s< 0no(.e%'e o,
*.!nts1
>@? It is not s$&*&isin' t#!t e!&." #$!ns #!% ! %et!i.e% 0no(.e%'e o, *.!nts 1
>C? It is &e!son!-.e to !ss$e t#!t o$& !ncesto&s -e#!4e% 4e&" $c# .i0e *eo*.e
in *&ein%$st&i!. societies 1
>D? H$!n 0no(.e%'e o, *.!nts is (e.. o&'!ni6e% !n% 4e&" %et!i.e%1
441 2#e *#&!se 7*&o*e&ties o, e!c#7 in .ine 10 &e,e&s to e!c#
>A? t&i-e
>@? #$n%&e%
>C? *.!nt
>D? *$&*ose
451Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e) (#" #!s 'ene&!. 0no(.e%'e o, -ot!n" %ec.ine%=
>A? Peo*.e no .on'e& 4!.$e *.!nts !s ! $se,$. &eso$&ce 1
>@? @ot!n" is not &eco'ni6e% !s ! s*eci!. -&!nc# o, science1
>C? Rese!&c# is $n!-.e to 0ee* $* (it# t#e inc&e!sin' n$-e& o, *.!nts1
>D? Di&ect cont!ct (it# ! 4!&iet" o, *.!nts #!s %ec&e!se%1
461 In .ine 15) (#!t is t#e !$t#o&<s *$&*ose in entionin'7 ! &ose) !n o**.e) o& !n
o&c#i%7=
>A? 2o !0e t#e *!ss!'e o&e *oetic
>@? 2o cite e5!*.es o, *.!nts t#!t !&e !tt&!cti4e
>C? 2o 'i4e -ot!nic!. e5!*.es t#!t ost &e!%e&s (i.. &eco'ni6e
>D? 2o i..$st&!te t#e %i4e&sit" o, -ot!nic!. .i,e
471 Acco&%in' to t#e *!ss!'e) (#!t (!s t#e ,i&st '&e!t ste* to(!&% t#e *&!ctice
o, !'&ic$.t$&e =
>A? 2#e in4ention o, !'&ic$it$&!. i*.eents !n% !c#ine&"
>@? 2#e %e4e.o*ent o, ! s"ste o, n!es ,o& *.!nts
>C? 2#e %isco4e&" o, '&!sses t#!t co$.% -e #!&4este% !n% &e*.!nte%
>D? 2#e c#!n'in' %iets o, e!&." #$!ns
481 2#e (o&% 7cont&o..e%7 in .ine 19 is c.osest in e!nin' to
>A? !-$n%!nt
>@? !n!'e%
>C? &e3$i&e%
>D? !%4!nce%
491 2#e &e.!tions#i* -et(een -ot!n" !n% !'&ic$.t$&e is sii.!& to t#e &e.!tions#i*
-et(een 6oo.o'" >t#e st$%" o, !ni!.s? !n%
>A? %ee& #$ntin'
>@? -i&% (!tc#in'
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>C? s#ee* &!isin'
>D? #o&se-!c0 &i%in'
501 8#e&e in t#e *!ss!'e %oes t#e !$t#o& %esc&i-e t#e -ene,its *eo*.e %e&i4e
,&o *.!nts=
>A? Aine 1
>@? Aines 6/8
>C? Aines 10/11
>D? Aines 13/15
S ection >
READING COMPREHENSION
Questions 1-10
Aice 9a0er (a0es her i!ing '" $riting- an# her )oe(s short stories- an# no!es
ha!e $on (an" a$ar#s an# &eo$shi)s &or her* She $as 'orn in Eatonton- Georgia* She
$ent to )u'ic schoos there- an# then to S)e(an Coege in Atanta 'e&ore co(ing to
Ne$ Cor0 to atten# Sarah +a$rence Coege- &ro( $hich she gra#uate# in 1755* Bor a
ti(e she i!e# in .ac0son- Mississi))i $ith her a$"er hus'an# an# s(a #aughter*
A'out +angston Hughes- A(erican Poet- her &irst 'oo0 &or chi#ren- she sa"s -,A&ter ("
&irst (eeting $ith +angston Hughes I !o$e# I $ou# $rite a 'oot a'out hi( &or
chi#ren so(e#a"* 9h": 8eca(e I- at t$ent"-t$o- 0ne$ ne2t to nothing o& his $or0-
an# he #i#nMt sco# (e3 he /ust ga!e (e a stac0 o& his 'oo0* An# he $as 0in# to (e3 I
$i a$a"s 'e grate&u that in his a'soute $ar(th an# generosit" he &u&ie# ("
#ee)est #rea( ;an# nee#< o& $hat a )oet shou# 'e*
,To (e he is not #ea# at a* Har#" a #a" goes '" that I #onMt thin0 o& hi( or s)ea0
o& hi(* Once- /ust 'e&ore he #ie#- $hen he $as sic0 $ith the &u- I too0 hi( a sac0 &u
o& oranges* The /o" I &et in gi!ing that si()e gi&t is un#i(inishe# '" ti(e* He sai# he
i0e# oranges- too*,
1* 9hat is the (ain to)ic o& the )assage:
;A< Aice 9a0erMs re&ections on +angston Hughes
;8< The in&uence o& Aice 9a0er on the $riting o& +angston Hughes
;C< +angston HughesM 'oo0 a'out Aice 9a0er
;D< A co()arison o& the chi#hoo#s o& Aice 9a0er an# +angston Hughes
=* In the )assage- Aice 9a0er is #escri'e# as
;A< a research &eo$ at S)e(an Coege
;8< a )ro&essor at Sarah +a$rence Coege
;C< a )riFe-$inning $riter o& )rose an# )oetr"
;D< an author o& )a"s &or chi#ren
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>* 8e&ore atten#ing coege- Aice 9a0er $ent to schoo in
;A< Atanta- Georgia
;8< Eatonton- Georgia
;C< .ac0son- Mississi))i
;D< +a$rence- Massachusetts
?* The $or# ,!o$e#, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Con&i#e#
;8< 8eie!e#
;C< Denie#
;D< Pro(ise#
@* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that Aice 9a0er $as t$ent"-t$o "ears o# $hen
;A< she (o!e# to .ac0son- Mississi))i
;8< she (o!e# to Ne$ Cor0
;C< she &irst (et +angston Hughes
;D< +angston Hughes #ie#
5* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( ines 7-11 that Aice 9a0erMs &irst i()ressions o& +angston
Hughes $ere #eri!e# (ost" &ro(
;A< ta0ing $ith his &rien#s
;8< rea#ing his auto'iogra)h"
;C< stu#"ing his )oetr"
;D< (eeting hi(
6* The $or# ,#rea(, in ine 11 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< night(are
;8< e2)ectation
;C< see)
;D< (isconce)tion
4* $hat #oes Aice 9a0er i()" $hen she sa"s +angston Hughes ,is not #ea# at a,
;+ine 1=<:
;A< +angston Hughes 'eie!e# in eterna i&e*
;8< She ha# not 'een in&or(e# o& +angston HughesM #eath*
;C< Bor her- +angston Hughes ha# ne!er rea" e2iste#*
;D< +angston Hughes is sti )resent in her thoughts*
7* The $or# ,un#i(inishe#, in ine 1? is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Not e2aggerate#
;8< Not essene#
;C< Disa))ointe#
;D< 1neAuae#
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10* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat #i# Aice 9a0er gi!e +angston Hughes 'e&ore he
#ie#:
;A< A /o'
;8< An a$ar#
;C< So(e oranges
;D< A stac0 o& 'oo0s
Question 11-=1
Hu(an !ision- i0e that o& other )ri(ates- has e!o!e# in an ar'orea en!iron(ent* In
the #ense- co()e2 $or# o& a tro)ica &orest- it is (ore i()ortant to see $e than to
#e!eo) an acute sense o& s(e* In the course o& e!oution- (e('ers o& the )ri(ate ine
ha!e acAuire# arge e"es $hie the snout has shrun0 to gi!e the e"e an uni()e#e# !ie$*
O& (a((as- on" hu(ans an# so(e )ri(ates en/o" coor !ision* The re# &ag is 'ac0
to the 'u* Horses i!e in a (onochro(e $or#* +ight !isi'e to hu(an e"es- ho$e!er-
occu)ies on" a !er" narro$ 'an# in the $hoe eectro(agnetic s)ectru(* 1tra!ioet
ra"s are in!isi'e to hu(ans- though ants an# hone"'ees are sensiti!e to the(* Hu(ans
ha!e no #irect )erce)tion o& in&rare# ra"s- uni0e the rattesna0e- $hich has rece)tors
tune# into $a!eengths onger than 0*6 (icron* The $or# $ou# oo0 eeri" #i&&erent i&
hu(an e"es $ere sensiti!e to in&rare# ra#iation* *Then- instea# o& the #ar0ness o& night-
$e $ou# 'e a'e to (o!e easi" in a strange- sha#o$s $or# $here o'/ects go$e#
$ith !ar"ing #egree o& intensit"* 8ut hu(an e"es e2ce in other $a"s* The" are- in &act -
re(ar0a'" #iscerning in coor gra#ation* The coor sensiti!it" o& nor(a hu(an !ision
is rare" sur)asse# e!en '" so)histicate# technica #e!ices*
11* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:*
;A <1tra!ioet ra"s
;8< Hu(an !ision
;C< Sight an# s(e
;D<The en!iron(ent o& )ri(ates
1=* 9h" #oes the author (ention the ,tro)ica &orest,- in ine = :
;A< To e2)ain $h" )ri(ates ha!e #e!eo)e# 0een !ision
;8< To suggest that )ri(ates nee# to see on" the coor green
;C<To gi!e an e2a()e o& en!iron(enta change
;D<To in#icate $here arge-e"e# )ri(ates can 'e &oun#
1>* 9hat #oes the author (ean '" stating that ,the re# &ag is 'ac0 to the 'u,;ines @-
5<:
;A< 8us are attracte# to re# o'/ects*
;8< 8us #o not notice &ags*
;C< 8us attac0 a &ags*
;D< 8us #o not see the coor re#
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1?* The $or# ,(onochro(e, in ine 5 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Monotonous
;8< 1tra!ioet
;C< One-#i(ension
;D< One-coor
1@ In ine 4 -,the(, re&ers to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Hu(an e"es
;8< 1tra!ioet ra"s
;C< Hu(ans
;D< 9a!eengths
15* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing can #etect $a!eengths o& ight
onger than 0*6 (icron:
;A< 8us
;8< Ants
;C< Horses
;D< Rattesna0es
16* The $or# ,eeri"MM in ine 10 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Strange"
;8< Increasing"
;C< Sight"
;D< Su)er&icia"
4* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that hu(ans cou# (o!e (ore easi" at night i&
the"
;A< ha# a narro$er &ie# o& !ision
;8< $ere coor-'in#
;C< ha# in&rare# !ision
;D< i!e# in an ar'orea en!iron(ent
7* The $or# ,sur)asse#MM in ine 1@ is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Recor#e#
;8< E2cee#e#
;C< Boun#
;D< Pro!i#e#
=0* Accor#ing to the )assage- the a'iit" o& hu(ans to #istinguish coor #i&&erences is
;A< a!erage
;8< $ea0
;C< e2ceent
;D< !aria'e
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=1* 9here in the )assage #oes the author (ention the #e!eo)(ent o!er ti(e o& certain
)h"sica changes a(ong )ri(ates :
;A< +ines >-?
;8< +ines @-5
;C< +ines 6-10
;D< +ines 1>-1@
Questions==->1
Ancient )eo)e (a#e ca" )otter" 'ecause the" nee#e# it &or their sur!i!a* *The"
use# the )ots the" (a#e &or coo0ing- storing &oo#- an# carr"ing things &ro( )ace to
)ace- Potter" $as so i()ortant to ear" cutures that scientists no$ stu#" it to earn
(ore a'out ancient ci!iiFations* The (ore a#!ance# the )otter" in ter(s o& #ecoration-
(aterias- gaFes- an# (anu&acture- the (ore a#!ance# the cuture itse& *
The artisan $ho (a0es )otter" in North A(erica to#a" utiiFes his or her s0i an#
i(agination to create ite(s that are 'eauti&u as $e as &unctiona- trans&or(ing
so(ething or#inar" into so(ething s)ecia an# uniAue*
The )otter uses one o& the Earth Ms (ost 'asic (aterias- ca"* Ca" can he &oun#
a(ost an"$here* Goo# )otter" ca" (ust 'e &ree &ro( a s(a stones an# other har#
(aterias that $ou# (a0e the )otting )rocess #i&&icut* Most North A(erican artisan-
)otters no$ )urchase co((ercia" )rocesse# ca"- 'ut so(e &in# the ca" the" nee#
right in the earth- cose to $here the" $or0* *
The (ost i()ortant toos )otters use are their o$n han#s3 ho$e!er- the" aso use
$ire oo) toos- $oo#en (o#eing toos- )ain $ire- an# s)onges* *Pain $ire is use# to
cut a$a" the &inishe# )ot &ro( its 'ase on the )otterMs $hee*
A&ter a &inishe# )ot is #rie# o& a its (oisture in the o)en air- it is )ace# in a 0in
an# &ire#* The &irst &iring har#ens the )otter"- an# it is then rea#" to 'e gaFe# an#
&ire# again*
Bor areas $here the" #o not $ant an" gaFe- such as the 'otto( o& the )ot- artisans
)aint on (ete# $a2 that $i ate 'urn o&& in the 0in* The" then )our on the iAui#
gaFe an# et it run o!er the ca" sur&ace- (a0ing an" 0in# o& #ecorati!e )attern that
the" $ant*
==* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< Di&&erent 0in#s o& ca"
;8< The training o& an artisan
;C< The (a0ing o& )otter"
;D< Cra&ts o& ancient ci!iiFations*
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=>* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT (entione# in the )assage as a $a" that ancient
)eo)e use# )otter":
;A< To ho# &oo#
;8< To $ash cothes
;C< To coo0
;D< To trans)ort o'/ects*
=?* The $or# ,it, in ine > re&ers to
;A< ca"
;8< cuture
;C< sur!i!a
;D< )otter"
=@* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing can 'e earne# a'out an ancient
ci!iiFation '" e2a(ining its )otter":
;A< Its &oo# )re&erences
;A< Its #e!eo)(enta stage
;C< Its geogra)hic ocation
;D< Its )o)uation
=5* The $or# ,&unctiona, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< 1se&u
;8< Strong
;C< Ine2)ensi!e
;D< Origina
=6* The $or# ,'asicMM in ine 7 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Ba(iiar
;8< Bun#a(enta
;C< Hersatie
;D< Dirt"
=4* Accor#ing to the )assage- ho$ #o (ost North A(erican )otters to#a" get the
ca" the" nee#:
;A< The" 'u" it*
;8< The" (a0e it*
;C< The" #ig it &ro( the earth*
;D<The" 'arter &or it*
=7* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that ca" is )rocesse# co((ercia" in or#er to
;A< (a0e it #r" (ore e!en"
;8< re(o!e har# su'stances
;C< )re!ent gaFe &ro( stic0ing
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;D< (a0e it easier to coor
>0* Accor#ing to the author- $hat #o )otters use to re(o!e the )ot &ro( the $hee:
;A< Mete# $a2
;8< A $ire oo)
;C< A s)onge
;D< Pain $ire
>1* The $or# ,)attern, in ine == is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Mo#e
;8< Coor
;C< PuFFe
;D< Design
Questions >=-?1
The status o& $o(en in coonia North A(erica has 'een $e stu#ie# an# #escri'e#
an# can 'e 'rie&" su((ariFe#* Throughout the coonia )erio# there $as a (ar0e#
shortage o& $o(en- $hich !arie# $ith the regions an# $as a$a"s greatest in the
&rontier areas* This &a!ora'e ratio enhance# $o(enMs status an# )osition an# ao$e#
the( to )ursue #i&&erent careers* The Puritans- the reigious sect that #o(inate# the
ear" 8ritish coonies in North A(erica- regar#e# i#eness as a sin- an# 'eie!e# that i&e
in an un#er#e!eo)e# countr" (a#e it a'soute" necessar" that each (e('er o& the
co((unit" )er&or( an econo(ic &unction* Thus $or0 &or $o(en- (arrie# or singe-
$as not on" a))ro!e#- it $as regar#e# as a ci!ic #ut"* Puritan to$n councis e2)ecte#
$i#o$s an# unattache# $o(en to 'e se&-su))orting an# &or a ong ti(e )ro!i#e#
nee#" s)insters $ith )arces o& an#* There $as no socia sanction against (arrie#
$o(en $or0ing3 on the contrar"- $i!es $ere e2)ecte# to he) their hus'an#s in their
tra#e an# $on socia a))ro!a &ar #oing e2tra $or0 in or out o& the ho(e* Nee#"
chi#ren- girs as $e as 'o"s- $ere in#enture# or a))rentice# an# $ere e2)ecte# to
$or0 &or their 0ee)*
The !ast (a/orit" o& $o(en $or0e# $ithin their ho(es- $here their a'or )ro#uce#
(ost artices nee#e# &or the &a(i"* The entire coonia )ro#uction o& coth an# cothing
an# )artia" that o& shoes $as in the han#s o& $o(en* In a##ition to these occu)ations-
$o(en $ere &oun# in (an" #i&&erent 0in#s o& e()o"(ent* The" $ere 'utchers-
si!ers(iths- guns(iths- u)hosterers* The" ran (is- )antations- tan"ar#s- shi)"ar#s-
an# e!er" 0in# o& sho)- ta!ern- an# 'oar#inghouse* The" $ere gate0ee)ers- /ai 0ee)ers-
se2tons- /ournaists- )rinters- a)othecaries- (i#$i!es- nurses- an# teachers*
>=* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< Coonia (arriages
;8< The Puritan reigion
;C< Coonia $o(enMs e()o"(ent
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;D< E#ucation in the coonies
>>* The $or# ,(ar0e#, in ine = is cosest in (eaning to
;A< un#erine#
;8< gra#e#
;C< )roonge#
;D< #istinct
>?* Accor#ing to the )assage- $here in coonia North A(erica $ere there the &e$est
$o(en:
;A< Puritan co((unities
;8< Sea)orts
;C< Brontier sette(ents
;D< Ca)ita cities
>@* The $or# ,enhance#M, in ine ? is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Su))e(ente#
;8< Con&ir(e#
;C< I()ro!e#
;D< Deter(ine#
>5* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that the Puritans $ere
;A< une#ucate#
;8< har#$or0ing
;C< generous
;D< $eath"
>6* Accor#ing to the )assage- Puritans 'eie!e# that an un(arrie# a#ut $o(an shou#
'e
;A< &inanciaI" res)onsi'e &or herse&
;8< returne# to Engan#
;C< su))orte# '" her &a(i"
;D<traine# to 'e a nurse
>4* The )hrase ,unattache# $o(en, ine 10 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the
&oo$ing:
;A< 9o(en $ithout high socia status
;8< 9o(en $ithout )ro)ert"
;C< 1n(arrie# $o(en
;D< 1ne()o"e# $o(en
>7* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat #i# the Puritans e2)ect &ro( (arrie# $o(en :
;A< The" shou# a#o)t nee#" chi#ren*
;8< The" shou# assist in their hus'an#sM tra#e or 'usiness*
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;C< The" shou# $or0 on" $ithin their o$n ho(es*
;D< The" shou# 'e a))rentice#*
?0* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich )ro#ucts $ere (a#e entire" '" $o(en:
;A< Gun)o$#er an# 'uets
;8< Cu)s an# )ates
;C< Pa)er an# 'oo0s
; D< Coth an# cothing
?1*The ists in ines 7-== are inten#e# to sho$ $hich o& the &oo$ing :
;A< The in&uence o& the Puritans in the coonies
;8< The i(its o& /o' o))ortunities in the coonies
;C< The (ain in#ustries o& the coonia econo("
;D< The !ariet" o& $or0 #one '" coonia $o(en
Questions ?=-@0
8eneath the #ee) oceans that co!er t$o-thir#s o& the Earth are conceae# so(e o&
the (ost tantaiFing secrets o& our )anet* There the crust o& the Earth is thinner an# the
un0no$n (ante--the a"er 'eneath the crust - ies cosest- te()ting scientists to
#ri into it* The &irst such atte()t- the a('itious Pro/ect Mohoe- got un#er $a" #uring
the 1750Ms an# )ro!e# the !aue o& #ee)-sea #riing '" (a0ing se!era test hoes in the
(ante 'eneath the crust 'e&ore s)iraing costs e# to its canceation*
Soon a&ter$ar#- ho$e!er- $or0 'egan on the (ore (o#est Dee) Sea Driing
Pro/ect- $hich is not ai(e# at reaching the (ante 'ut at e2)oring the crust itse&* This
!enture uses a s)ecia shi)- the Go(ar Chaenger- $hich can 'e he# )recise" in
)osition in the sea--$ithout an" anchor--'" soun#--$a!e gui#ing s"ste(s an# co()uter-
controe# )ro)eers* Bro( this sta'e )at&or(- scientists o$ere# #riing
)i)es into $aters &our (ies #ee) to scoo) u) cores o& ocean se#i(ent an# 'e#roc0*
Ana"sis o& the &ossi contents has in#icate# that the ocean &oors s)rea#- (o!ing
continents aroun# the Earth *
?=* The )assage (ain" #iscusses
;A< ana"sis o& &ossis in the ocean
;8< e2)oration 'eneath the ocean 'otto(
;C< the co()osition o& the EarthMs crust
;D< the construction o& the Go(ar Chaenger
?>* Accor#ing to the )assage- one o& the o'/ecti!es o& Pro/ect Mohoe $as to
;A< increase )u'ic su))ort &or un#er$ater e2)eri(entation
;8< test the ocean 'otto( &or unusua ocean se#i(ent
;C< esti(ate the age o& the EarthMs crust
;D< stu#" the EarthMs (ante
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??* The $or# ,s)iraingMM in ing 5 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Rising
;8< Necessar"
;C< 1n)re#icta'e
;D< Circuar
?@*It can 'e in&ere# &ro( the )assage that Pro/ect Mohoe origina" $as inten#e# to
;A< in!o!e #ee)er #riing than the Dee) Sea Driing Pro/ect
;8< cost ess than the Dee) Sea Driing Pro/ect
;C< e()o" &e$er scientists than the Dee) Sea Driing Pro/ect
;D< "ie# (ore &ossi #isco!eries than the Dee) Sea Driing Pro/ect
?5* The e2)ression,(ore (o#estMM in ine6 is cosest in (eaning to
;A< (ore so)histicate#
;8< (ore ti(i#
;C< ess a('itious
;D< ess contro!ersia
?6*The $or# ,)recise"MM in ine 7 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< E2act"
;8< Cear"
;C< Econo(ica"
;D< Practica"
?4* Accor#ing to the )assage- co()uters are use# on the Go(ar Chaenger in or#er to
;A< (easure the s)rea# o& the ocean &oors
;8< o$er its #riing )i)es into the $ater
;C< 0ee) it in one )ace
;D< #etect the ocation o& the EarthMs (ante
?7* The Phrase ,sta'e )at&or(, in +ine 11 re&ers to
;A< the Go(ar Chaenger
;8< a shi)Ms anchor
;C< soun#-$a!e gui#ing s"ste(s
;D< co()uter-controe# )ro)eers
@0* Bor $hich o& the &oo$ing ter(s #oes the author su))" a #e&inition:
;A< ,(anteMM ;ine ><
;8< ,anchorMM ;ine 10<
;C< ,soun#-$a!e gui#ing s"ste(sMM ;ine 10<
;D< ,'e#roc0MM;ine =<
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NOPQR >1 S >1 TUVWTR
TEST1
Ancient )eo)e (a#e ca" )otter" 'ecause the" nee#e# it &or their sur!i!a* *The"
use# the )ots the" (a#e &or coo0ing- storing &oo#- an# carr"ing things &ro( )ace to
)ace- Potter" $as so i()ortant to ear" cutures that scientists no$ stu#" it to earn
(ore a'out ancient ci!iiFations* The (ore a#!ance# the )otter" in ter(s o&
#ecoration- (aterias- gaFes- an# (anu&acture- the (ore a#!ance# the cuture itse&
*The artisan $ho (a0es )otter" in North A(erica to#a" utiiFes his or her s0i an#
i(agination to create ite(s that are 'eauti&u as $e as &unctiona- trans&or(ing
so(ething or#inar" into so(ething s)ecia an# uniAue* The )otter uses one o& the
Earth Ls (ost 'asic (aterias- ca"* Ca" can he &oun# a(ost an"$here* Goo# )otter"
ca" (ust 'e &ree &ro( a s(a stones an# other har# (aterias that $ou# (a0e the
)otting )rocess #i&&icut* Most North A(erican artisan-)otters no$ )urchase
co((ercia" )rocesse# ca"- 'ut so(e &in# the ca" the" nee# right in the earth- cose
to $here the" $or0* *The (ost i()ortant toos )otters use are their o$n han#s3
ho$e!er- the" aso use $ire oo) toos- $oo#en (o#eing toos- )ain $ire- an#
s)onges* *Pain $ire is use# to cut a$a" the &inishe# )ot &ro( its 'ase on the )otterLs
$hee* A&ter a &inishe# )ot is #rie# o& a its (oisture in the o)en air- it is )ace# in a
0in an# &ire#* The &irst &iring har#ens the )otter"- an# it is then rea#" to 'e gaFe# an#
&ire# again* Bor areas $here the" #o not $ant an" gaFe- such as the 'otto( o& the )ot-
artisans )aint on (ete# $a2 that $i ate 'urn o&& in the 0in* The" then )our on the
iAui# gaFe an# et it run o!er the ca" sur&ace- (a0ing an" 0in# o& #ecorati!e )attern
that the" $ant*
1* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< Di&&erent 0in#s o& ca"
;8< The training o& an artisan
;C< The (a0ing o& )otter"
;D< Cra&ts o& ancient ci!iiFations*
=* 9hich o& the &oo$ing is NOT (entione# in the )assage as a $a" that ancient
)eo)e use# )otter":
;A< To ho# &oo#
;8< To $ash cothes
;C< To coo0
;D< To trans)ort o'/ects*
>* The $or# ,it, in ine > re&ers to
;A< ca" ;8< cuture
;C< sur!i!a
;D< )otter"
?* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich o& the &oo$ing can 'e earne# a'out an ancient
ci!iiFation '" e2a(ining its )otter":
;A< Its &oo# )re&erences
;A< Its #e!eo)(enta stage
;C< Its geogra)hic ocation
;D< Its )o)uation
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@* The $or# ,&unctiona, in ine 6 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< 1se&u
;8< Strong
;C< Ine2)ensi!e
;D< Origina
5* The $or# ,'asicLL in ine 7 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Ba(iiar
;8< Bun#a(enta
;C< Hersatie
;D< Dirt"
6* Accor#ing to the )assage- ho$ #o (ost North A(erican )otters to#a" get the ca"
the" nee#:
;A< The" 'u" it*
;8< The" (a0e it*
;C< The" #ig it &ro( the earth*
;D<The" 'arter &or it*
4* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that ca" is )rocesse# co((ercia" in or#er to ;A<
(a0e it #r" (ore e!en"
;8< re(o!e har# su'stances
;C< )re!ent gaFe &ro( stic0ing
;D< (a0e it easier to coor
7* Accor#ing to the author- $hat #o )otters use to re(o!e the )ot &ro( the $hee:
;A< Mete# $a2
;8< A $ire oo)
;C< A s)onge
;D< Pain $ire
10* The $or# ,)attern, in ine == is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Mo#e
;8< Coor
;C< PuFFe
;D< Design
TEST=
The status o& $o(en in coonia North A(erica has 'een $e stu#ie# an# #escri'e#
an# can 'e 'rie&" su((ariFe#* Throughout the coonia )erio# there $as a (ar0e#
shortage o& $o(en- $hich !arie# $ith the regions an# $as a$a"s greatest in the
&rontier areas* This &a!ora'e ratio enhance# $o(enLs status an# )osition an# ao$e#
the( to )ursue #i&&erent careers* The Puritans- the reigious sect that #o(inate# the
ear" 8ritish coonies in North A(erica- regar#e# i#eness as a sin- an# 'eie!e# that
i&e in an un#er#e!eo)e# countr" (a#e it a'soute" necessar" that each (e('er o&
the co((unit" )er&or( an econo(ic &unction* Thus $or0 &or $o(en- (arrie# or
singe- $as not on" a))ro!e#- it $as regar#e# as a ci!ic #ut"* Puritan to$n councis
e2)ecte# $i#o$s an# unattache# $o(en to 'e se&-su))orting an# &or a ong ti(e
)ro!i#e# nee#" s)insters $ith )arces o& an#* There $as no socia sanction against
(arrie# $o(en $or0ing3 on the contrar"- $i!es $ere e2)ecte# to he) their hus'an#s
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in their tra#e an# $on socia a))ro!a &ar #oing e2tra $or0 in or out o& the ho(e*
Nee#" chi#ren- girs as $e as 'o"s- $ere in#enture# or a))rentice# an# $ere
e2)ecte# to $or0 &or their 0ee)* The !ast (a/orit" o& $o(en $or0e# $ithin their
ho(es- $here their a'or )ro#uce# (ost artices nee#e# &or the &a(i"* The entire
coonia )ro#uction o& coth an# cothing an# )artia" that o& shoes $as in the han#s
o& $o(en* In a##ition to these occu)ations- $o(en $ere &oun# in (an" #i&&erent
0in#s o& e()o"(ent* The" $ere 'utchers- si!ers(iths- guns(iths- u)hosterers*
The" ran (is- )antations- tan"ar#s- shi)"ar#s- an# e!er" 0in# o& sho)- ta!ern- an#
'oar#inghouse* The" $ere gate0ee)ers- /ai 0ee)ers- se2tons- /ournaists- )rinters-
a)othecaries- (i#$i!es- nurses- an# teachers*
1* 9hat #oes the )assage (ain" #iscuss:
;A< Coonia (arriages
;8< The Puritan reigion
;C< Coonia $o(enLs e()o"(ent
;D< E#ucation in the coonies
=* The $or# ,(ar0e#, in ine = is cosest in (eaning to
;A< un#erine#
;8< gra#e#
;C< )roonge#
;D< #istinct
>* Accor#ing to the )assage- $here in coonia North A(erica $ere there the &e$est
$o(en:
;A< Puritan co((unities
;8< Sea)orts
;C< Brontier sette(ents
;D< Ca)ita cities
?* The $or# ,enhance#L, in ine ? is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the &oo$ing:
;A< Su))e(ente#
;8< Con&ir(e#
;C< I()ro!e#
;D< Deter(ine#
@* It can 'e in&erre# &ro( the )assage that the Puritans $ere
;A< une#ucate#
;8< har#$or0ing ;C< generous
;D< $eath"
5* Accor#ing to the )assage- Puritans 'eie!e# that an un(arrie# a#ut $o(an shou#
'e
;A< &inanciaI" res)onsi'e &or herse&
;8< returne# to Engan#
;C< su))orte# '" her &a(i"
;D<traine# to 'e a nurse
6* The )hrase ,unattache# $o(en, ine 10 is cosest in (eaning to $hich o& the
&oo$ing:
;A< 9o(en $ithout high socia status
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;8< 9o(en $ithout )ro)ert"
;C< 1n(arrie# $o(en
;D< 1ne()o"e# $o(en
4* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hat #i# the Puritans e2)ect &ro( (arrie# $o(en :
;A< The" shou# a#o)t nee#" chi#ren*
;8< The" shou# assist in their hus'an#sL tra#e or 'usiness*
;C< The" shou# $or0 on" $ithin their o$n ho(es*
;D< The" shou# 'e a))rentice#*
7* Accor#ing to the )assage- $hich )ro#ucts $ere (a#e entire" '" $o(en:
;A< Gun)o$#er an# 'uets
;8< Cu)s an# )ates
;C< Pa)er an# 'oo0s
; D< Coth an# cothing
10*The ists in ines 7-== are inten#e# to sho$ $hich o& the &oo$ing :
;A< The in&uence o& the Puritans in the coonies ;8< The i(its o& /o' o))ortunities in the
coonies
;C< The (ain in#ustries o& the coonia econo("
;D< The !ariet" o& $or0 #one '" coonia $o(en
KEC%
TEST1
C8D8A 8A8DD

TEST =

CDCC8 AC8DD
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni indians of
North america were building with adobe sun-baked brick plastered with mud. here homes
looked remarkably like modern apartement houses some were four stories high and contained
!uartersfor perhaps thousand people. Along with store rooms for grain and other goods. his
building were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense
against enemies. hey were really "illages in them sel"es as later spanish e#plorers must ha"e
reali$ed since they called them %pueblos&, which is spanish for towns.
he people of the pueblos raised what are called &the three sister&'corn, beans, and
s!uash. hey made e#cellent pottery and wo"e mar"elous baskets, some so fine that they
could hold water. he Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. he
Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches.
(ater was so important that it played a ma)or role in their religion. hey de"eloped elaborate
ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
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he way of life of les-settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by
nature. Small tribes such as the Shosone and *te wandered the dry and mountainous lands
between the +ocky ,ountains and the -acific .cean. hey gathered seeds and hunted seals,
walruses, ang the great whales. hey li"ed right on the fro$en seas in shelters called igloos
built of blocks of packed snow. (hen summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the
lordly caribou.
he /heyenne, -awnee, and Siou# tribes, known as the -lains 0ndians, li"ed on the
grassland between the +ocky ,ountains and the ,ississippi +i"er. hey hunted bison,
commonly called the buffalo. 0ts meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used
to make their clothing and the co"ering of their tents and tipis.
1.

(hat does the passage mainly discuss2
3A4

he architecture of early American 0ndian buildings
354

he mo"ement of American 0ndians across North America
3/4 /eremonies and rituals of American 0ndians
364 he way of life of American 0ndian tribes in early North America
7.

According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes
3A4

0n "alleys
354

Ne#t to streams
3/4 .n open plains
364 Agains cliffs
8.

he word %hey& in line 9 refers to
3A4

:oods
354

5uildings
3/4 /liffs
3/4

;nemies
<.

0t can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were
3A4

=ery small
354

Highly ad"ance
3/4 6ifficult to defend
364 >uickly constructed
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?.

he author uses the phrase %the three sisters& in line @ to refer to
3A4

Hopi women
354

Aamily members
3/4 0mportant crops
364 +ain ceremonies
9.

he word %scarce& in line 1B is closest in meaning to
3A4

Cimited
354

Hidden
3/4 -ure
364 Necessary
D.

which of the following is true of the Shoshone and *te2
3A4

hey were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni
354

hey hunted caribou
3/4 hey built their homes with adobe
364 hey didnEa ha"e many religious ceremonies
@.

According to the passage, which of the following tribes li"ed in the grassland2
3A4

he Shoshone and *te
354

he /heyenne and Siou#
3/4 he Hopi and Zuni
364 he pawnee and 0nuit
F.

(hich of the following animals was most important to the -lains 0ndians2
3A4

he Salmon
354

he /aibou
3/4 he seal
364 he buffalo
1B.

(hich of the following is N. mentioned by the author as adwelling place of early North
Americans2
3A4

Cog cabins
354

Adobe houses
3/4 ipis
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364 0gloos
11.

he author gi"es an e#plaination for all of the following word ;G/;-
3A4

Adobe
354

-ueblos
3/4 /aribou
364 5ison
17.

he author groups North American 0ndians according to their
3A4

ribes and geographycal regions
354

Arts and crafts
3/4 +ituals and ceremonies
364 6ate of apperanmce of the continent
,arianne ,oore 31@@D-1FD74 once said that her writting could be called poetry only
because there was no other name for it. 0ndeed her poems appear to be e#tremely compressed
essays that happen to be printed in )agged lines on the page. Her sub)ects were "ariedH
animals, labores, artist, and the craft of poetry. Arom her general reading came !uotations that
she found striking or insightful. She included these in her poems, scrupulously enclosed in
!uotation marks and sometimes identified in footnotes. .f this practice, she wrote, % Iwhy the
many !uotation marks2E 0 am asked. . . when a thing has been said so well that it could not be
said better, why paraphrase it2Hence my writting is, if not a cabinet of fossils, a kind of
collection of flies in amber.& /lose obser"ation and consentration on detail are the methods of
her poetry.
,arianne ,oore grew up in kirkwood, ,issouri, near St. Couis. After graduation from
5ryn ,awr /ollege in 1FBF, she taught commercial sub)ects at the 0ndian school in /arlisle,
-ennsyl"annia. Cater she became a librarian in New Jork /ity. 6uring the 1F7BEs she was
editor of The Dial, an importan literary maga$ine of the period. She li"ed !uietly all her life,
mostly in 5rooklyn, New Jork. She spent a lot of time at the 5ron# Zoo, fascinated by animals.
Her admiration of the 5rooklyn 6odgers before the team mo"ed to Cos Angeles- was widely
known.
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Her first book of poems was published in Condon in 1F71 by a group of friends
associeted with the imagist mo"ement. Arom that time on her poetry has been read with
interest by succeeding generations of poets and readers. 0n 1F?7 she was awarded the -ulit$er
-ri$e for her Collected Poems. She wrote that she did not write poetry %for money or fame. o
earn a li"ing is needful, but it can be done in routine ways. .ne writes because one has a
burning desire to ob)ecti"y what it is indispensable to oneEs happiness to e#press...&
18.

(hat is the passage mainly about2
3A4

he influance of the imagist on ,arianne ,oore
354

;ssayists and poets of the 1F7BEs
3/4 he use was !uotations in poetry
364 ,arianne ,ooreEs life and work
1<.

(hich of the following can be inferred about ,ooreEs poems2
3A4

hey are better known in ;urope than the *nited States
354

hey do not use traditional "erse forms
3/4 hey were all published in The Dial
364 hey tend to be abstract
1?.

According to the passage ,oore wrote about all of the following ;G/;-
3A4

Artists
354

Animals
3/4 Aossils
364 (orkers
19.

(hat does ,oore refer to as %flies in amber& 3line F42
3A4

A common image in her poetry
354

-oetry in the twentieth century
3/4 /oncentration on detail
364 >uotations within her poetry
1D.

he author mentions all of the following as )obs held by ,oore ;G/;-
3A4

/ommercial artist
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354

eacher
3/4 ,aga$ine editor
364 Cibrarian
1@.

he word %period& in line 18 is closest in meaning to
3A4

,o"ement
354

School
3/4 +egion
364 ime
1F.

(here did ,oore spend most of her adult life2
3A4

0n Kirkwood
354

0n 5rooklyn
3/4 0n Cos Angeles
364 0n /arlisle
7B.

he word %succeeding& in line 1F is closest in meaning to
3A4

0nheriting
354

-rospering
3/4 6i"erse
364 Cater
71.

he word %it& in line 71 refers to
3A4

(riting poetry
354

5ecoming famous
3/4 ;arning a li"ing
364 Attracting readers
77.

0t can be inferred from the passage that ,oore wrote because she
3A4

(anted to win award
354

(as disatisfied with what others wrote
3/4 Aelt a need to e#press herself
364 (anted to raise money for the 5ron# Zoo
>uestions 78-8B
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(hat makes it rain2+ain falls from clouds the same reason anything falls to ;arth. he
;arthEs gra"ity pulls it. 5ut e"ery cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals. (hy doesnEt
rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds2 he droplets or ice crystals in clouds are
e#ceedingly small. he effect of gra"ity in them is minute. Air currents mo"e and lift droplets so
that the net down ward displacement is $ero, e"en though the droplets are in constant motion.
6roplets and ice crystals beha"e somewhat like dust in the air made "isible in a shaft
of sunlight. o the casual obser"er, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, mo"ing about
chaotically without fi#ed direction. 5ut in fact dust particles are much larger than water droplets
and they finally fall. he a"erage si$e of a cloud droplest is only B,BB< inch in diameter. 0t is so
small that it would take si#teen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air,and it does not fall out
of mo"ing air at all. .nly when the droplet grows to a diameter of B,BB@ inch or larger can it fall
from the cloud. he a"erage raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud
droplet. he growth of a cloud to a si$e large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other
forms of precipitation. his important growth is called& coalescence&.
78.

(hat is the main topic of the passage2
3A4

he mechanics of rain
354

he weather patterns of North America
3/4 How ;arthEs gra"ity affects agriculture
364 ypes of clouds.
7<.

he word % minute % in line < is closest in meaning to which of the following2
3A4

Second
354

iny
3/4 Slow
364 Steady
7?.

he word % motion % in line ? closest in meaning to..
3A4

(ind
354

/hange
3/4

,o"ement
364

Humidity
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79.

0ce crystals do not immediately fall to ;arth because,
3A4

hey are kept aloft by air currents
354

hey combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere
3/4

,ost of them e"aporate
364

heir electrical charges draw them away from the earth.
7D.

he word % random %in line D is closest in meaning to..
3A4

*npredictable
354

-erple#ing
3/4 0ndependent
364 Abnormal
7@.

(hat can be inferred about drops of water larger than B,BB@ inch in diameter2
3A4

they ne"er occur
354

hey are not affected by the force of gra"ity
3/4

0n still air they would fall to earth.
364

0n mo"ing air they fall at a speed of thirty-two miles per hour.
7F.

How much bigger drop than a cloud droplet2
3A4

7BB times bigger
354

1BBB times bigger
3/4

1BBBBB times bigger
364 1BBBBBB times bigger
8B.

0n this passage, what does the term % coalescence& refer to2
3A4

he ghatering of small clouds to form larger clouds
354

he growth of droplest
3/4

he effect of gra"ity on precipitition
364 he mo"ement of dust particles in the sunlight
>uestions 81-<B
-eople appear to be born to compute. he numerical skills of children de"elop so early
and so ine#orably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding
their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressi"e
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accuracy one plate, one knife,one spoon, one fork, for each of the fi"e chairs. Soon they are
capable of nothing that they ha"e placed fi"e kni"es, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit
later, that this amounts to fi"teen pieces of sil"erware. Ha"ing thus mastered addition, they
mo"e on to subtraction. 0t seems almost reasonable to e#pect that if a child were secluded on a
desert island at birth and retre"ied se"en years later, he or she could enter a second grade
mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual ad)usment.
.f course, the truth is not so simple. his century, the work of cogniti"e psychologists
has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.
/hildren were obser"ed as they slowly grasped-or, as the case might be, bumped into-concept
that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that !uantity is
unchanged as water pours from ! short stout glass into a tall thin one. -sychologists ha"e
since demonstrated that young children asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the
number of blue or red pencils, but must be coa#ed into finding the total. Such studies ha"e
suggested that the rudiments if mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. hey ha"e
also suggested that the "ery concept of abstract numbers- the idea of oneness, a twoness, a
threeness taht applies to any class of ob)ects and is a prere!uisite for doing anything more
mathematically demanding than setting a table- is itself from innate.
81.

(hat does the passage mainly discuss2
3A4

rends in teaching mathematics to children.
354

he use of mathematics in child psychology
3/4

he de"elopment mathematical ability in children
364

he fundamental concepts of mathematic that children must learn.
87.

0t can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting2
3A4

Soon after they learn to talk
354

5y looking at the clock
3/4

(hen they begin to be mathematically mature
364

After they reach second grade in school.
88.

he word % illuminated % in line 11 is closests in meaning to ...
3A4

illustrated
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354

accepted
3/4

clarified
364

lighted
8<.

he author implies that most small children belie"e that the !uantity of water changes when it
is transfered to a container of a different ...
3A4

color
354

!uality
3/4

weight
364

shape
8?.

According to the passage , when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue
pencils they..
3A4

counted the number of pencils of each color.
354

guessed at the total number of pencils.
3/4

counted only the pencils of their fa"orite color.
364

subtracted the number of red pencil from the number of blue pencils.
89.

he word % they % in line 1D refers to ...
3A4

mathematicians
354

children
3/4

pencils
364

studies
8D.

he word % prere!uisite % in line 1F is closest in meanin g to ...
3A4

reason
354

theory
3/4

re!uirement
364

techni!ue
8@.

he word %itself % in line 7B refers to ...
3A4

the total
354

the concept abstract numbers
3/4

any class of ob)ects
364

setting a table
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8F.

(ith which of the following statements would the author be C;AS likely to agree2
3A4

children naturally and easily learn mathematics.
354

children learn to add before they learn to subtract
3/4

most peolple follow the same pattern of mathematical de"elopment
364

mathematical de"elopment is subtle and gradual.
<B.

(here in the passage does the author gi"e an e#ample of a hypothetical e#periment2
3A4

lines 8-9
354

lines D-F
3/4 lines 11-1<
364 lines 1D-7B
>uestions <1-?B
5otany, the study of plants,occupies a peculiar position in the history of human
knowledge. Aor many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which
humans had anything more than the "aguest of insights. 0t is impossible to know today )ust
what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can obser"e of
preindustrial societies that still e#ists, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be
e#tremely ancient. his is logical. -lants are the basis of the food piramid for all li"ing things,
e"en for other plants. hey ha"e always been enormously important to the welfare of people,
not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,and a great many
other purpose. ribes li"ing today in the )ungles of the Ama$on recogni$e literally hundreds of
plants and know many properties of each. o them botany,as such,has no name and is
probably not e"en recogni$ed as a special branch of % knowledge& at all.
*nfortunately, the more industriali$ed we become the farther away we mo"e from direct
contact with plants, and the list distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Jet e"eryone comes
unconsciously on an ama$ing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will file to
recogni$e a rose,an apple,or an orchid. (hen our Neolithic ancestors, li"ing in the ,iddle ;ast
about 1B.BBByears ago, disco"ered that certain grasses couls be har"ested and their seeds
planted for richers yields the ne#t season, the first great step in a new association of plants and
humans was taken. :rains were disco"ered and from them flowed the mar"el of agriculture H
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culti"ated crops. Arom then on, humans would increasingly take their li"ing from the controlled
production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little their from many "arieties
that grew wild- and the acculumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of e#perience
and intimacy with plants in the wile would begin to fade away.
<1.

(hich of the following assumptions about early humans e#pressed in the passage2
3A4

hey probably had e#tensi"e knowledge of plants
354

hey di"ided knowledge into well-defined fields
3/4

hey did not en)oy the study of botany
364

hey placed great importance on ownership of property
<7.

he word % peculiar& in line 1 is closest in meaning to ...
3A4

/lear
354

Carge
3/4

*nusual
364

0mportant
<8.

(hat does the comment % this is logical& in lines ?-9 mean2
3A4

here is no clear way to determine the e#tent of our ancestors knowledge of plants
354

0t is not suprising that early humans had a detailed knowldege of plants
3/4

0t is reasonable to assume that our ancestors beha"ed "ery much like people in preindustrial
societies
364

Human knowledge of plants is well organi$ed and "ery detailed.
<<.

he phrase %properties of each& in line 1B refers to each..
3A4

ribe
354

Hundred
3/4

-lant
364

-urpose
<?.

According to the passage,why has general knowledge of botany declined2
3A4

-eople no lorger "alue plants as a useful resource
354

5otany is not recogni$ed as a special branch of science
3/4 +esearch is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants
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364 6irect contact with a "ariety of plants has decreased
<9.

0n line 1?, what is the authorEs purpose in mentioning a rose,an apple,or an orchid&2
3A4

o make the passage more poetic
354

o cite e#amples of plants that are attracti"e
3/4

o gi"e botanical e#amples that most readers will recogni$e
364

o illustrate the di"ersity of botanical life.
<D.

According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practise of agriculture2
3A4

he en"ention of agricultural implements and machinery
354

he de"elopment of a system of names for plants
3/4

he disco"ery of grasses that could be har"ested and replanted
364

he changing diets of early humans
<@.

he word % controlled&in line 1F is closest in meaning to..
3A4

Abundant
354

,anaged
3/4

+e!uired
364

Ad"anced
<F.

he relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relatiinship between $oology 3
the study of animals4 and...
3A4

deer hunting
354

bird watching
3/4

sheep raising
364

horseback riding
?B.

(here in the passage does the author describe the benefits people deri"e from plants2
3A4

line 1
354

line 9-@
3/4

line 1B-11
364

line 18-1?
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