GMDSS Gantioler 2009 10

GMDSS
Maritime Radio Operator

Thomas Gantioler
October 2009
GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator
www.gantioler.at
Author
g. 1: Gantioler
Thomas Gantioler
Innsbruckerstrasse 13
6071 Aldrans
Austria
mobile: +43-676-9463908
thomas@gantioler.at
www.gantioler.at
Maritime radio
instructor and examiner.
I can not accept any resposibility for any errors or omissions or for
any consequences resulting therefrom for following contents.
All rights reserved.
title: GMDSS Martime Radio Operator
photo: Ploder; esturay Zrmanja - Novigradsko More, Croatia
revision: October 2009
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Contents
I Restricted Certicate 9
1 Maritime Radio Operator 9
1.1 Restricted Operator Certicate ROC . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Short Range Certicate SRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Syllabus for SRC and ROC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Radio operator certicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5 Standards for Training, Certication
and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW . . . . . . . . 12
2 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS 13
2.1 Regulations and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.2 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Sea areas A1-A4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 A1 - Very High Frequency VHF . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 A2 - Medium Frequency MF . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.3 A3 - International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT 14
2.2.4 A4 - polar regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Shorebased system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.1 Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.2 Search And Rescue SAR . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Shipbord system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels . . . . . 16
2.4.2 Radio equipment for non-SOLAS vessels . . . 17
2.4.3 Radio equipment tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.4 Radio watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.5 Ship radio licence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.6 Radio log book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.7 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.8 Radio secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.9 Accounting Authority Identication Code AAIC 21
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3 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio 22
3.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.3 VHF handheld device . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identication MMSI 23
3.2.2 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.3 VHF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 VHF Maritime Mobile Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.1 VHF wave propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.2 VHF antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.3 Simplex ship-ship and ship-shore . . . . . . . 24
3.3.4 Duplex and semiduplex ship-shore . . . . . . 24
3.3.5 VHF class of emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.6 International VHF channels 01-28 . . . . . . 25
3.3.7 International VHF channels 60-88 . . . . . . 26
3.3.8 International VHF channel usage . . . . . . . 27
3.3.9 National private VHF channel usage . . . . . 27
3.4 RT communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP 29
3.4.3 Maritime radio stations . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.5 Distress - MAYDAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.5.1 DSC distress alert on VHF ch70 . . . . . . . 31
3.5.2 RT distress call and message on VHF ch16 . 31
3.6 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.6.1 DSC distress relay call on VHF ch70 . . . . . 32
3.6.2 RT distress relay call and message on VHF ch16 32
3.6.3 RT distress relay acknowlege message . . . . 33
3.7 Distress cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.7.1 DSC distress cancellation on VHF ch70 . . . 34
3.7.2 RT distress cancellation on VHF ch16 . . . . 34
3.8 Distress silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.8.1 Radio silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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3.8.2 Normal working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.9 Urgency - PAN PAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.9.1 DSC urgency call on VHF ch70 . . . . . . . . 36
3.9.2 RT urgency call and message on VHF ch16 . 36
3.10 Safety - SECURITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.10.1 DSC safety call on VHF ch70 . . . . . . . . . 37
3.10.2 RT safety call and message on working channel 37
3.11 Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.11.1 DSC routine call on VHF ch70 . . . . . . . . 38
3.11.2 RT routine call on VHF ch16 . . . . . . . . . 39
3.11.3 RT routine call on working channel . . . . . . 39
3.11.4 RT routine message on working channel . . . 39
4 Search And Rescue Satellite
COSPAS/SARSAT 40
4.1 EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2 EPIRB distress cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5 Search And Rescue Transponder SART 41
5.1 Radar SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.2 AIS SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6 Maritime Safety Information MSI 42
6.1 NAVAREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.2 NAVTEX MSI service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2.1 NAVTEX frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2.2 NAVTEX coast stations . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2.3 NAVTEX message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7 Power supply 46
7.1 Direct Current 12V/24V
DC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.2 Alternating Current 230V
AC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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II General Certicate 47
8 Maritime Radio Operator 47
8.1 General Operator Certicate GOC . . . . . . . . . . 47
8.2 Long Range Certicate LRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8.3 Syllabus for LRC and GOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
8.4 Radio operator certicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 50
9.1 MF/HF propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9.2 MF/HF classes of emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
9.3 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9.3.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9.3.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9.4 Radio bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9.5 MF/HF Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9.6 MF/HF Tuner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9.7 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . 54
9.7.1 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9.7.2 MF/HF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9.8 Distress - MAYDAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.8.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.8.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message . . . . 55
9.9 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.9.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay call . . . . . . . . 56
9.9.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message . . 56
9.10 Distress cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.10.1 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation . . . . . . 57
9.10.2 MF/HF RT distress cancellation . . . . . . . 57
9.11 Urgency - PAN PAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
9.11.1 MF DSC urgency call . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
9.11.2 MF RT urgency call and message . . . . . . 58
9.12 Safety - SECURITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9.12.1 MF DSC safety call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9.12.2 MF RT safety call and message . . . . . . . . 59
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9.13 Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9.13.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling . . . . . . . . . 60
9.14 MF/HF telex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
9.14.1 MF/HF selcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
9.14.2 MF/HF telex terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10 International Martitime Satellite INMARSAT 62
10.1 INMARSAT satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
10.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES . . . . . . . . . 63
10.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES . . . . . . . 64
11 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station 65
11.1 SAT-C Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
11.2 SAT-C priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
11.2.1 SAT-C distress alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
11.2.2 SAT-C telex distress message . . . . . . . . . 66
11.2.3 SAT-C telex distress relay message . . . . . . 67
11.2.4 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message . . 67
11.3 SAT-C priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
11.3.1 SAT-C telex urgency message . . . . . . . . . 68
11.3.2 SAT-C telex safety message . . . . . . . . . . 68
11.3.3 SAT-C telex routine message . . . . . . . . . 69
11.4 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11.5 SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC . . . 71
11.5.1 SafetyNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
11.5.2 FleetNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
11.5.3 EGC receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
12 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station 73
12.1 SAT-B/M Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.2 SAT-B/M priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.2.1 SAT-B telex distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.2.2 SAT-B/M phone distress . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.3 SAT-B/M priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
12.3.1 SAT-B/M Special Access Code SAC . . . . . 74
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12.3.2 SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . 74
13 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station 75
13.1 Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
13.2 Priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
13.2.1 Fleet 77 phone distress . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
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III Appendix 76
14 Mock questions 76
14.1 Operation Performance Test OPT . . . . . . . . . . 76
14.2 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
14.3 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
15 Translations 81
15.1 RT messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.1.1 Ships distress message . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.1.2 Passing a distress message . . . . . . . . . . 83
15.1.3 Distress relay message from coast station . . 84
15.1.4 Ships urgent message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
15.1.5 Urgent message from coast station . . . . . . 88
15.1.6 Ships safety message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
15.1.7 Safety message from coast station . . . . . . 89
15.2 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
15.3 Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
15.4 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
16 Identications 100
16.1 MID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
16.2 Callsign series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
17 Maritime Radio Equipment 109
17.1 Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
17.1.1 EPIRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
17.1.2 MES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
17.1.3 NAVTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
17.1.4 RT DSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
17.1.5 SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
17.2 Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
18 Abbreviations 112
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Part I
Restricted Certicate
1 Maritime Radio Operator
1.1 Restricted Operator Certicate ROC
Required for commercial use on
passenger ships, cargo vessels >300GRT and some vessels over 24m.
g. 2: ROC
This certicate authorises the holder to use a Radio
Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF chan-
nels of the maritime mobile band including Digital Se-
lective Calling DSC on a compulsory GMDSS tted SO-
LAS vessel which sail in sea area A1.
At least one holder of a certicate of competence for maritime ra-
dio stations on board compulsory tted SOLAS vessels is required,
normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine ocers.
1.2 Short Range Certicate SRC
Required for pleasure or shing use on small crafts.
g. 3: SRC
Telephone RT on the VHF channels of the Maritime
Mobile Band including Digital Selective Calling DSC
on board voluntary GMDSS tted non-SOLAS vessels.
At least one holder of a certicate of competence for maritime radio
stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself.
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1.3 Syllabus for SRC and ROC
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administra-
tions CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators in sea
area A1 (VHF) for using GMDSS voluntary (SRC) and using GMDSS
compulsory (ROC). www.cept.dk
www.ero.dk
1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) General principles and basic features
2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment
(a) VHF radio installation
(b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC
3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS
(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures
(b) Distress, urgency and safety communication
(c) Protection of distress frequencies
(d) Maritime Safety Information MSI
(e) Alerting and Locating Signals
(f) Communication with non-SOLAS ships ROC
4. Operational procedures and regulations
(a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS
(b) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(c) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
(d) English language written and spoken ROC
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1.4 Radio operator certicate
Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a
certicate issued or recognised by the government to which the sta-
tion is subject.
The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster.
National radio operator licensing administrations:
Austria: by law (FZG, FZV, FZGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at
SRC = UKW Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II
ROC = UKW Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I
Radiotelephone Operator for Inland Waterways included.
Fernmeldebehorde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at
Germany
SRC = Beschrankt g ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis
Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org
Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de
ROC= Beschrankt g ultiges Betriebszeugnis f ur Funker BBZ
Bundesamt f ur Seeschifahrt und Hydrograe www.bsh.de
Switzerland
SRC =
Beschrankt g ultiges Betriebszeugnis f ur die Sportschiahrt
Maritime Mobile Satellit Service for INMARSAT C included.
Schweizer Bundesamt f ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch
United Kingdom
SRC = Short Range Certicate
Royal Yachting Association RYA www.rya.co.uk
ROC = Restricted Operator Certicate
Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges
www.amerc.ac.uk
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1.5 Standards for Training, Certication
and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW
The STCW Convention denes international basic requirements on
training, certication and watchkeeping for seafarers on commercial
vessels. www.imo.org
1. Medical Certicate
Austria: Seeschiahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at
United Kingdom: MSN 1765 www.mcga.gov.uk
2. STCW 95 Basic Safety
(a) Elementary First Aid
(b) Personal Survival Techniques
(c) Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting
(d) Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities
ROC (and GOC) must be endorsed by the national maritime agency.
Austria:
Oberste Schifahrtsbehorde OSB www.bmvit.gv.at
Germany:
United Kingdom:
Maritime and Coastguard Agency www.mcga.gov.uk
STCW revalidation is required every 5 years.
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2 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GMDSS
2.1 Regulations and Rules
GMDSS is a combination of regulations and rules for shipping and
radio communication.
2.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS
The SOLAS Convention is concerning the safety of merchant ships.
It was adopted in 1920, in response to the Titanic disaster 1914. In
1988 Chapter IV radiocommunication of the Safety Of Life At Sea
SOLAS convention incorporates GMDSS. SOLAS was adopted 1960
by the International Maritime Organisation IMO. www.imo.org
The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based
in London. www.un.org
2.1.2 Radio Regulations RR
The Radio Regulations RR mainly setting out frequency bands and
technical parameters. Radio Regulations incorporating decisions of
the World Radiocommunication Conferences WRC by the Interna-
tional Telecommunication Organisation ITU. www.itu.int
ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in
Geneva. www.un.org
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2.2 Sea areas A1-A4
g. 4: UK GMDSS sea areas
2.2.1 A1 - Very High Frequency VHF
An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast
station in which continous DSC alerting is available, as may by dened
by a contracting government. 30nm from coast
2.2.2 A2 - Medium Frequency MF
An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast
station in which continous DSC alerting is available, as may by dened
by a contracting government (excluding A1). 150nm from coast
2.2.3 A3 - International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT
An area within the coverage of all INMARSAT geostationary satellites,
in which continous distress alerting is available (excluding A1 and A2).
70
S-70
N
2.2.4 A4 - polar regions
The remaining sea area outside A1, A2 and A3.
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2.3 Shorebased system
2.3.1 Master Plan
The Master Plan contains status of shore-based facilies for the GMDSS.
Resue Co-ordination Centres RCC
Coast Stations CS
Satellite services
GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org
ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS www.ukho.gov.uk
2.3.2 Search And Rescue SAR
The Search And Rescue Convention SAR from IMO aimed an inter-
national SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the
rescue of persons in distress at sea will be co-ordinated by a SAR
organization. www.imo.org
National SAR organisations:
Germany:
Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schibr uchiger DGzRS
www.dgzrs.de
Bremen Rescue www.mrcc-bremen.de
Switzerland:
Swiss Maritime Navigation Oce, RCC Z urich
Swiss Air Rescue www.rega.ch
United Kingdom:
Her Majesty Coastguard HMCG www.mcga.gov.uk
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2.4 Shipbord system
2.4.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels
SOLAS vessels on international voyages are compulsory tted.
Mandatory equipment is dened by navigation area.
It must be approved by IMO and carry a wheelmark symbol.
area certicate equipment
A1 ROC/GOC VHF RT DSC
VHF DSC watch receiver
VHF handheld device
NAVTEX receiver
EPIRB oat free
SART
A2 GOC MF RT DSC
MF DSC watch receiver
A3 GOC either INMARSAT MES + EGC receiver
or MF/HF RT DSC + watch receiver
A4 GOC MF/HF RT DSC
MF/HF DSC + watch receiver
MF/HF telex
On compulsory tted vessels the availability of equipment must be
guaranted. This can be done by 3 dierent methods listed. Ships
sailing in Sea Area A1 or A2 can choose one of these 3 methods,
while sailing in A3 or A4 they have to choose 2 of these 3 methods.
1. DOE Duplication Of Equipment
A1 and A2: VHF RT DSC
A3 and A4: MF/HF RT DSC or INMARSAT MES
2. SBM Shore Based Maintenance (contract, arrangment)
3. ASM At Sea Maintenance (qualied personal)
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2.4.2 Radio equipment for non-SOLAS vessels
Ships not sailing under provisions of SOLAS are voluntary GMDSS
tted and called non-SOLAS vessels. GMDSS equipment may rec-
ommended by natinonal organisation or required by national law.
It must comply with the regulations of the European Union EU and
carry a Conform European CE Symbol. eur-lex.europa.eu
Austria: by law (JachtZulVO) www.ris.bka.gv.at
all radio receiver
inshore >3nm SRC VHF RT
ocean >200nm EPIRB
Germany: recommended (Sicherheitsrichtlinien) www.dsv.de
all radio or NAVTEX receiver
inshore SRC VHF RT
ocean EPIRB
Switzerland: recommended www.eda.admin.ch
all SSB radio receiver
ocean EPIRB
United Kingdom: recommended www.mcga.gov.uk
all SRC VHF handheld
inshore >3nm SRC VHF RT DSC
oshore >20nm NAVTEX receiver
oshore >60nm EPIRB, SART
oshore >60nm LRC MF RT DSC
ocean >150nm LRC INMARSAT
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2.4.3 Radio equipment tests
Required by SOLAS vessels, recommended by non-SOLAS vessels.
Daily
DSC internal (self test)
batteries (damage, voltage test, load test, charge)
printer (function, paper)
Weekly
VHF handheld (batteries, damages, RX, TX)
MF/HF DSC test call (to coast station) LRC/GOC
generator (function)
Monthly
EPIRB internal (batteries, damages, selftest)
SART (batteries, damages, selftest)
antenna (damages, cleaning, insulators)
Yearly
EPIRB transmission test (company ashore)
2.4.4 Radio watch
Continuous digital radio watchkeeping is required by SOLAS vessels
and recommended by non-SOLAS vessels while at sea.
MF NAVTEX receiver on 518kHz
VHF DSC watch receiver on ch70
MF/HF DSC scan watch receiver LRC/GOC
INMARSAT SafetyNET EGC receiver LRC/GOC
Every ship, while at sea, shall continue to maintain, when practicable,
countinuous watch.
VHF RT listening on ch16
VHF RT listening on ch13 SOLAS vessels
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2.4.5 Ship radio licence
Ship radio stations have to be licensed and are costumable. License
is issued by the authority of state and must be carried on board.
Ships name and registration number
Radio Telephone RT identication: callsign
Digital Selective Calling DSC identication: MMSI
INMARSAT identication: IMN LRC/GOC
Telex identication: selcal GOC
Accounting Authority: AAIC
List of radio equipment (manufacturer & type)
National radio licensing administrations:
Austria: by law (TKG, TKGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at
Fernmeldebehorde I. Instanz FMB www.bmvit.gv.at
Licencing fee 49,05 EUR, using fee 10,90 EUR/month
validation: 10 years
Germany:
Bundesnetzagentur BNetzA www.bundesnetzagentur.de
Licencing fee 130,- EUR, using fee 21,10 EUR/year
validation: life of vessel
Switzerland:
Bundesamt f ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch
Licencing fee 50,- SFR, using fee 10,- SFR/month
validation: 1 year
United Kingdom:
Oce for Comminication www.ofcom.org.uk
Licencing fee 20,- GBP, using fee 20,- GBP/year
validation: life of vessel
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2.4.6 Radio log book
For SOLAS vessels a GMDSS radio log book with the following min-
imum entries is required:
Summary of distress/urgency/safety trac
Important incidents connected to the radio service
Appropriate ships position every day
Master must sign every day
Equipment tests
National radio log book forms:
Austria: Seeschifahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at
United Kingdom: Martime Safety Agency www.mcga.gov.uk
date/time station station communications frequency
UTC to from summary, tests, remarks channel, satellite
2.4.7 Documents
The following documents must be carried on bord:
Ships radio licence
Radio operator certicates
compulsory tted SOLAS vessels in addition:
Radio log book
ITU List of Coast Stations or ALRS Volume 1
ITU List of Ship Stations
ITU List of Callsigns and Numerical Identities
ITU Manual for use by Maritime Mobile Services
ALRS www.ukho.gov.uk
ITU www.itu.int
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2.4.8 Radio secrecy
No person shall divulge or publish the contents of any messages trans-
mitted or received by such station, or to another station employed to
forward such message to its destination, unless legally required so to
do by the court of competent jurisdiction or other competent author-
ity. Radio operators have to declare this.
2.4.9 Accounting Authority Identication Code AAIC
Accounting authorities are used to facilitate the eective collection
and distribution of radiocommunication charges between ship and
coast stations and the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN
and Packet Switched Data Network PSDN.
Ship stations need a contract with AAIC for public correspondations.
AAIC: 2 letters (country) + 2 numbers (company):
Examples:
AU01 Telekom Austria AG www.telekom.at
DP07 Seefunk www.dp07.de
GB11 NSSL Limited www.satcom-solutions.com
Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int
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3 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio
3.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT
g. 5: Simrad RD68
For calling each station needs a name, nor-
mally it would be the ships name. As the
ships name is not unique a radio call sign
is allocated.
Transceiver is a combination of transmitter and receiver.
3.1.1 Receiver RX
Power on/o: switch or combined with volume control
Volume control VC: loudspeaker
Squelch SQ: noise limiter, receive signal limiter
Dimmer: display brightness
Channel: select TX/RX frequency
Distress channel 16: select distress channel and 25W TX
Working channel: 01-28, 60-88, national channels
Dual Watch DW: alternating present channel and ch16
3.1.2 Transmitter TX
Transmission Power
Low / 1W: range about 4nm
High / 25W: range up to 100nm
Push To Talk PTT: activate transmitter
3.1.3 VHF handheld device
Used on board, tender, survival craft, towing, mooring, ...
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3.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC
3.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identication MMSI
For selective calling each station needs a unique 9-digit MMSI,
including the 3-digit country code MID.
ship station MMSI = MIDxxxxxx
group of stations MMSI = 0MIDxxxxx
coast station MMSI = 00MIDxxxx
3.2.2 Type of calls
Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range:
distress
alert (acknowledge) all stations
relay all (acknowledge) all stations
relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI
urgency & safety
all ships all stations
individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI
routine
group group MMSI
3.2.3 VHF DSC controller
class A all facilities for compulsory tted SOLAS vessels
class B full requirements for compulsory tted SOLAS vessels
class D minimum facilities for voluntary tted non-SOLAS vessels
Watch receiver continuous digital watch on VHF DSC ch70
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3.3 VHF Maritime Mobile Band
3.3.1 VHF wave propagation
Electromagnetic waves in the maritime VHF Band 156-174MHz are
propagating in the line of sight. These are called space waves. Due
to the earths curvature the range will depend on the height of the
transmitting an receiving antenna. d[nm] 2
h[m]
radio contact antenna height appr. distance
2 handheld 1m/1m 4nm
2 motor yachts 4m/4m 8nm
2 sailing yachts 16m/16m 16nm
motor yacht - coast 4m/100m 24nm
sailing yacht - coast 16m/100m 28nm
3.3.2 VHF antenna
Vessels are using VHF omni-directional rod antennas.
Frequency band (150MHz) is selected by antenna length (1m).
3.3.3 Simplex ship-ship and ship-shore
A single frequency is used for TX and RX. While pushing the transmit
button PTT the radio changes from receive RX to transmit TX.
3.3.4 Duplex and semiduplex ship-shore
Two separate frequencies for TX and RX are used for duplex operation
for simultaneously receiving and transmission.
Semiduplex: alternating RX and TX on Duplex channels.
3.3.5 VHF class of emission
Modulation is superimposing low Audio Frequency AF (voice) onto
a High Frequency HF carrier. PM Phase Modulation is used in VHF
maritime radio (G3E used for RT and G2B for DSC).
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3.3.6 International VHF channels 01-28
ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim primary usage
[MHz] [MHz] Dup
01 156,050 160,650 D
02 156,100 160,700 D
03 156,150 160,750 D
04 156,200 160,800 D
05 156,250 160,850 D
06 156,300 156,300 S SAR, intership
07 156,350 160,950 D
08 156,400 156,400 S intership
09 156,450 156,450 S
10 156,500 156,500 S
11 156,550 156,550 S
12 156,600 156,600 S
13 156,650 156,650 S intership for safety of navigation
14 156,700 156,700 S
15 156,750 156,750 S on board
16 156,800 156,800 S distress, urgency, safety, calling
17 156,850 156,850 S on board
18 156,900 161,500 D
19 156,950 161,550 D
20 157,000 161,600 D
21 157,050 161,650 D
22 157,100 161,700 D
23 157,150 161,750 D
24 157,200 161,800 D
25 157,250 161,850 D
26 157,300 161,900 D
27 157,350 161,950 D
28 157,400 162,000 D
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3.3.7 International VHF channels 60-88
ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim primary usage
[MHz] [MHz] Dup
60 156,025 160,625 D
61 156,075 160,675 D
62 156,125 160,725 D
63 156,175 160,775 D
64 156,225 160,825 D
65 156,275 160,875 D
66 156,325 160,925 D
67 156,375 156,375 S
68 156,425 156,425 S
69 156,475 156,475 S
70 156,525 156,525 S DSC
71 156,575 156,575 S
72 156,625 156,625 S intership
73 156,675 156,675 S
74 156,725 156,725 S
75 156,775 156,775 S 1W, safety of navigation
76 156,825 156,825 S 1W, safety of navigation
77 156,875 156,875 S intership
78 156,925 161,525 D
79 156,975 161,575 D
80 157,025 161,625 D
81 157,075 161,675 D
82 157,125 161,725 D
83 157,175 161,775 D
84 157,225 161,825 D
85 157,275 161,875 D
86 157,325 161,925 D
87 157,375 157,375 S
88 157,425 157,425 S
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3.3.8 International VHF channel usage
DSC alerting / calling (distress, urgency, safety and routine) ch 70
RT distress, urgency, safety, calling ch 16
RT Search And Rescue ch 06
RT on board (bridge to handheld, tender, tow, ...) ch 15, 17
RT primary intership working ch 06, 08, 72, 77
RT secondary intership working ch 09, 10, 15, 17, 67, 69, 73
RT intership for safety of navigation ch 13
Communications between ships whose purpose contributes
to the safe of movement of ships. Bridge-to-bridge com-
munication on ch13 is used without preceding a DSC call.
AIS Automatic Identication System ch AIS1/2
Ships information as position, course, speed, MMSI, ...
is transmitted periodically for safety of navigation.
3.3.9 National private VHF channel usage
nation ch usage
Belgium 96 Marina
Croatia 17 Marina
Germany 69, 72 pleasure crafts
Netherlands 31 Marina
Scandinavia F1, F2, F3 shing vessels
L1, L2, L3 pleasure crafts
United Kingdom M, M2 club safety, race control
67 Her Majesty Coast Guard
for small craft safety
80 Marina
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3.4 RT communication
3.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet
A Alpha AL FAH
B Bravo BRAH VOH
C Charlie CHAR LEE
D Delta DELL TAH
E Echo ECK OH
F Foxtrot FOKS TROT
G Golf GOLF
H Hotel HOH TELL
I India IN DEE AH
J Juliett JEW LEE ETT
K Kilo KEY LOH
L Lima LEE MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO VEM BER
O Oscar OSS CAH
P Papa PAH PAH
Q Quebec KEH BECK
R Romeo ROW ME OH
S Sierra SEE AIR RAH
T Tango TANG GO
U Uniform YOU NEE FORM
V Victor VIK TAH
W Whiskey WISS KEY
X X-ray ECKS RAY
Y Yankee YANG KEY
Z Zulu ZOO LOO
Decimal point Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL
Full stop Stop STOP
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3.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP
CORRECT an error has been made
IN FIGURES numbers are written in gures
IN LETTERS numbers are written in letters
SPELL spelling the next word phonetically
MAYDAY RT distress signal (french: maider)
OUT termination of working, no reply expected
OVER expect reply
RADIO CHECK reuqest strenght an clarity of transmission
READ BACK receiving station read back information
RECEIVED acknowledge receipt of transmission
PAN PAN RT urgency signal (french: panne)
SAY AGAIN repeat part or all of message
ALL AFTER, ALL BEFORE
WORD AFTER, WORD BEFORE
SECURITE RT safety signal (french: securite)
SILENCE MAYDAY french: SEELONCE MAYDAY
SILENCE FINI french: SEELONCE FEENEE
STATION CALLING unsure of the identity of calling station
TRAFFIC radio trac
THIS IS identication of station calling follows
IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.imo.org
BSH IMO-Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.bsh.de
Captain G unter Schmidt www.maricom.de
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3.4.3 Maritime radio stations
ALRS Volume 1 Coast Stations www.ukho.gov.uk
ALRS Volume 6 Pilot, Vessel Trac Service, Port Operations
ITU List of Coast Stations www.itu.int
ITU List of Ship Stations
ITU List of Call Signs and Numerical Identities
ITU Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS
Coast Station CS example
Name: place of station + RADIO SPLIT RADIO
Call Sign: 3 characters 9AS
MMSI: 00 + MID + 4 digits 002380100
Pilot Services, Vessel Trac Services VTS and Port Operations
place + function
Port PULA PORT
Bridge MALI LOSINJ BRIDGE
Pilot KOPER PILOT
Marina OBAN MARINA
Radar MILFORD RADAR
Lock KILRUSH LOCK
Trac control TARIFA TRAFFIC
Ship Station SS
Name: name of vessel MOUSE
Call Sign: 4 or more characters OEDF
MMSI: MID + 6 digits 203984534
Survival Craft
Name of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) MOUSE 20
Call Sign of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) OEDF 20
On board
Master (xed): + CONTROL MOUSE CONTROL
Sub (handheld): + 1 character MOUSE A
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3.5 Distress - MAYDAY
Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance
required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
3.5.1 DSC distress alert on VHF ch70
Alert includes ships MMSI, position, nature and working ch16
Undened distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s
Dened distress alert enter menu
a) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry)
b) select nature of distress from list: undened/undesignated,
re/explosion, ooding, collision, grounding,
listing/capsizing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon,
piracy/armed robbery, man/person over board
c) push DISTRESS button >5s
Received by DSC ship and coast stations in radio range 30nm
Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC <3min
If not, automatic reptition of DSC distress alert 4min
3.5.2 RT distress call and message on VHF ch16
call: 3xMAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY
this is this is
3xname+callsign+MMSI SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420
message: MAYDAY MAYDAY
name+callsign+MMSI SILVI OEX6437 203783420
position position 43
59.2N 013
28.9W
nature of distress abandon ship to liferaft
kind of assistance immediate assistance required
additional information 4 adults with life jackets
OVER OVER
Await RT distress acknowledge from CS/RCC.
If not, repeat RT distress call and RT distress message. >5min
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3.6 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY
There is a distress situation if you observe orange smoke, red parachute
ares, raising an lowering arms, ying a ball over/under square shape.
Or if you receive DSC distress alert, RT MAYDAY, SART, EPIRB.
Set continuous watch on VHF ch16
Await acknowledge or response from CS/RCC
call: MAYDAY MAYDAY
3x station called SILVI SILVI SILVI
this is this is
3x calling station 3x RIJEKA RADIO
message: RECEIVED MAYDAY RECEIVED MAYDAY
If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means
3.6.1 DSC distress relay call on VHF ch70
a) select individual call priority distress relay (only some DSC)
b) enter or select MMSI of CS/RCC
c) select working channel 16
d) enter distressed MMSI, POS, nature (only some DSC)
e) push appropriate button to transmit
Await DSC distress relay acknowledge from CS/RCC
If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min.
3.6.2 RT distress relay call and message on VHF ch16
call: MAYDAY RELAY MAYDAY RELAY
station called RIJEKA RADIO
this is this is
calling station SEAGULL DG9156 211645735
message: received / observed
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3.6.3 RT distress relay acknowlege message
If you receive the following from CS/RCC:
NAVTEX distress relay message
DSC distress relay call/alert
RT distress relay call and message
call: 3x MAYDAY RELAY 3x MAYDAY RELAY
this is this is
3x calling station 3x RIJEKA RADIO
message: MAYDAY MAYDAY
ship in distress Silvi OEX6437 203783420
59.2N 013
28.9W
nature of distress abandon ship to liferaft
kind of assistance immediate assistance required
additional information 4 adults with life jackets
OVER OVER
Take the following actions, if you are able to assist:
Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 >5min
Transmit RT distress acknowledge to CS/RCC
call: MAYDAY MAYDAY
3x station called 3x RIJEKA RADIO
this is this is
3x calling station Seagull Seagull Seagull
message:
RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY
49.9N 013
27.1W
distance to the incidant 15nm from incident
maximum speed speed 10kn
Estimated Time of Arrival ETA 1.5h
OVER OVER
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3.7 Distress cancellation
Distress has to be canceled after transmission of a false distress alert
or distress situation no longer required.
3.7.1 DSC distress cancellation on VHF ch70
a) push CANCEL button to stop transmission
b) select distress cancellation call (only some DSC)
self acknowledge
c) push appropriate button to transmit
3.7.2 RT distress cancellation on VHF ch16
Follow up with RT distress cancellation call and message:
call: 3xall stations all stations all stations all stations
this is this is
message: position position 43
59.2N 013
28.9W
cancel my distress alert please cancel my distress alert
of date and time of 0837 UTC today
OVER OVER
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3.8 Distress silence
Whilst a distress situation is in force,
radio silence is required on distress channel used.
No radio trac allowed, except distress.
3.8.1 Radio silence
Controlling stations may impose silence
on stations which interfere with distress or SAR trac.
to all:
all stations all stations
SILENCE MAYDAY SEELONCE MAYDAY
to one:
name MOUSE
SILENCE MAYDAY SEELONCE MAYDAY
3.8.2 Normal working
When distress trac has ceased,
the control station indicates that normal working can be resumed.
MAYDAY MAYDAY
3xall stations all stations all stations all stations
this is this is
3xname 3x RIJEKA RADIO
time of handling in 1541 UTC
name callsign MMSI SILVI OEX6437 203783420
SILENCE FINI SEELONCE FEENEE
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3.9 Urgency - PAN PAN
A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person.
Medical assistance, advice www.medico-cuxhaven.de
Radio Medical Advice RMA
Tele Medical Advice System TMAS
Maritime assistance (tug, towing, ...)
Search And Rescue SAR information
Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
3.9.1 DSC urgency call on VHF ch70
Call includes ships MMSI, stations called, working channel
a) select urgency call
b) select all stations, group or individual (only some DSC)
c) on individual or group call enter or select MMSI
d) select working channel 16 (only some DSC)
On individual call await DSC urgency acknowledge
3.9.2 RT urgency call and message on VHF ch16
call: 3x PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN
3x station called all stations all stations all stations
this is this is
3x calling station SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420
message: position 43
59.2N 013
28.9W
grounded in heavy swell.
require urgent tug assistance.
OVER OVER
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3.10 Safety - SECURITE
A very important information to shipping.
navigational warning
meteorological warning
3.10.1 DSC safety call on VHF ch70
Call includes ships MMSI, stations called, working channel
a) select safety call
b) select all stations, group or individual (only some DSC)
c) on individual or group call enter or select MMSI
d) select working channel
3.10.2 RT safety call and message on working channel
call: 3x SECURITE 3x SAYCURETAY
3x station called all stations all stations all stations
this is this is
3x calling station SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420
message: position 43
59.2N 013
28.9W
nearly submerged container obeserved.
danger to navigation.
OVER or OUT OUT
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3.11 Routine
Routine trac between ship stations and ship stations or coast sta-
tions containing nautical information is free of charge.
Routine trac between ship stations and coast stations containing
private information is charged via AAIC.
Trac is controlled by coast station or station called.
Routine trac on VHF working channel only.
3.11.1 DSC routine call on VHF ch70
a) select routine call
b) select group or individual
c) enter or select MMSI
d) select working channel
e) enter aditional information (only some DSC)
f) push appropriate button to transmit
Repetition after 5min, the third transmission after another 15min.
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3.11.2 RT routine call on VHF ch16
3x station called SEAGULL SEAGULL SEAGULL
this is this is
3x station calling SILVI SILVI SILVI
OVER OVER
Maximum length allowed 1min, in total 3 calls within 3min delay.
Reply on VHF ch16:
station called SILVI
this is this is
calling station SEAGULL
working channel switch to ch72
3.11.3 RT routine call on working channel
station called SEAGULL
this is this is
calling station SILVI
OVER OVER
3.11.4 RT routine message on working channel
station called SEAGULL
this is this is
calling station SILVI
message sailing to Pula Marina
OVER OVER
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4 Search And Rescue Satellite
COSPAS/SARSAT
COSPAS/SARSAT was founded in 1979 by Russia, USA, Canadia
and France. It is used for worldwide locating persons or mobile units
in distress in GMDSS since 1988. www.cospas-sarsat.org
3 geostationary satellites GEOSAR in 36000km.
4 polar orbiting satellites LEOSAR in 850km.
Maritime use Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB
Aeronautical use Emergency Locater Transmitter ELT
Personal use Personal Locater Beacon PLB
4.1 EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz
Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-
quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
g. 6:
EPIRB
EPIRB distress alert includes ships MMSI and position
from integrated GPS. It is transmitted on 406MHz pass-
ing satellites to a Local User Terminal LUT on land. Then
routed via Mission Control Centre MCC to the responsible
Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre MRCC.
An EPIRB can be activated manually or by hydrostatic release. Once
activated it transmits a periodic distress alert for more then 48h.
Some devices using homing transmitter on 121,5MHz for Radio Di-
rection Finding RDF by SAR forces in addition.
4.2 EPIRB distress cancellation
Do not switch o after a false alert!
Contact RCC by any means and switch o by instruction.
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5 Search And Rescue Transponder SART
Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-
quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
SARTs are used to locate distress position by SAR forces.
They are manually activated. The range is about 10nm.
Transponder is the short form of transmit and respond.
5.1 Radar SART
g. 7:
SART
On reception of a 9GHz radar pulse a Radar SART transmits
12 radar pulses. That means a distress signal on the radar
screen.
5.2 AIS SART
Once acticated it transmits periodic distress alert on VHF Automatic
Identication System AIS channels.
AIS SARTs are transmitting MMSI and Position from integrated GPS.
That means a distress signal on the AIS or Electronic Chart Display
Information System ECDIS screen.
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6 Maritime Safety Information MSI
Important information concerning the safety of persons or vessels.
1 Navigational Warning NX
2 Meteorological Information WX
3 Search And Rescue information SAR
4 Urgent or safety related information
Scheduled MSI broadcasts from coast stations are free of charge.
aera service
A1, A2 NAVTEX
A3 INMARSAT EGC SafetyNET
A3, A4 HF NAVTEX / telex
GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org
ALRS Volume 3 MSI Services
BSH Handbuch Nautischer Funkdienst
BSH Yachtfunkdienst Mittelmeer
BSH Yachtfunkdienst Nord- und Ostsee www.bsh.de
Sailing directions
Nautical Alamancs
DX Information Centre www.dxinfocentre.com
Frisnit www.frisnit.com
Uceanography & Marine Meteorology weather.gmdss.org
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6.1 NAVAREA
NAVAREAs are geographical sea areas estabilshed for co-ordinating
the broadcast of MSI www.imo.org
g. 8: NAVAREAs
Sub-Area means a sub-division of a NAVAREA in which a number of
countries have established a coordinated MSI system.
g. 9: Sub-NAVAREAs in Mediterranian Sea
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6.2 NAVTEX MSI service
NAVTEX means navigational text, no fax or pictures are transmitted.
Transmission time every 4 hours for <10min.
Urgent messages are transmitted immediately.
Range up to 200nm by day and up to 400nm by night.
6.2.1 NAVTEX frequencies
1 MF 518kHz international english
2 MF 490kHz national language (for non-SOLAS vessels)
3 HF some national MSI-HF service on
4209.5, 4210, 6314, 8416.5, 12579
16806.5, 19680.5, 22376, 26100.5kHz
6.2.2 NAVTEX coast stations
Each coast station is assigned a transmitter identication letter.
Example 518kHz NAVTEX stations in UK:
country place range letter
England Niton 270M E
England Cullercoats 270M G
Belgium Oostende 150M M
Scotland Portpatrick 270M O
Northern Ireland Malin Head 400M Q
Ireland Valencia 400M W
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6.2.3 NAVTEX message
Each message is assigned a category letter:
A navigational warning
B meteorological warning
C ice report
D SAR Information, pirate attack warning
E meteorological forecast
F pilot service
G Automatic Identication System AIS
H LORAN message
J GPS message
K other electronic navaid message
L navigational warning in addition to A
Z no message on hand
Letter A, B and D cannot be rejected by SOLAS receivers.
Each message is allocated a serial number between 01 and 99.
Very urgent messages assigned with 00 cause an receiver alert.
Example:
ZCZC start of message
QE55 55
th
weather report from Split Radio (NAVAREA III)
051840 UTC JAN DTG - january 05
th
at 1840 UTC
SPLIT RADIO / 9AS coast station Split Radio, callsign 9AS
WEATHER REPORT FOR ADRIATIC AT 1800 UTC.
WARNING: ISOLATED GUSTY OF NE, S-ADRIATIC, 30/40 KTS.
STATE OF SEA, OFFSHORE SOUTHERN ADRIATIC, ROUGH.
SYNOPSIS: RIDGE OF HIGH APPROACHING TO ADRIATIC.
OUTLOOK 24HRS: NE 10/20, S-ADRIATIC, NW 15/25 KTS.
SEA SMOOTH/SLIGHT, OFFSHORE SLIGHT/MOD.
VISIBILIY GOOD/EXELLENT, MOSTLY FINE, TEMPS FALLING.
NNNN end of message
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7 Power supply
Radio equipment needs electrical power. Normaly this would be Di-
rect Current DC with nominal suply voltage of 12V
DC
on small crafts
and 24V
DC
on other vessels.
7.1 Direct Current 12V/24V
DC
Alternator on main engine
Batterie charging unit
Batteries
Lead aicid batteries:
no load 12.2/24.4V
DC
charging 14.4/28.8V
DC
if higher explosive gas!
acid density 1280kg/m
3
charged
discharging 10.8/21.6V
DC
if lower damage caused!
acid density 1180kg/m
3
discharged
7.2 Alternating Current 230V
AC
Shorepower
Generator
Inverter
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Part II
General Certicate
8 Maritime Radio Operator
8.1 General Operator Certicate GOC
Required for commercial use on
passenger ships, cargo vessels >300GRT and some vessels over 24m.
g. 10: GOC
Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands includ-
ing Digital Selective Calling DSC an maritime mobile
satellite communications on a compulsory GMDSS
tted SOLAS vessels.
At least one holder of a certicate of competence for maritime ra-
dio stations on board compulsory tted SOLAS vessels is required,
normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine ocers.
8.2 Long Range Certicate LRC
Required for pleasure or shing use on small crafts.
g. 11: LRC
Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands includ-
ing Digital Selective Calling DSC and maritime mobile
satellite communications on board voluntary GMDSS
tted non-SOLAS vessels.
At least one holder of a certicate of competence for maritime radio
stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself.
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8.3 Syllabus for LRC and GOC
CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators for using
GMDSS voluntary (LRC) and compulsory (GOC). www.cept.dk
www.ero.dk
1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) General principles and basic features
2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment
(a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation
(b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC
(c) Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP, telex GOC
3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS
(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures
(b) Distress, urgency and safety communication
(c) Communication with non-SOLAS ships GOC
(d) Protection of distress frequencies
(e) Maritime Safety Information MSI
(f) Alerting and Locating Signals
4. Operational procedures and regulations
(a) English language written and spoken GOC
(b) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS
(c) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(d) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service
(a) INMARSAT System
(b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC
(c) INMARSAT B/M, Flett 77 operation GOC
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8.4 Radio operator certicate
Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a
certicate issued or recognised by the government to which the sta-
tion is subject.
The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster.
National radio operator licensing administrations:
Austria: by law (FZG, FZV, FZGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at
LRC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II
GOC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I
Fernmeldebehorde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at
Germany
LRC = Allgemein g ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis
Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org
Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de
GOC= Allgemein g ultiges Betriebszeugnis f ur Funker ABZ
Switzerland
LRC =
Allgemein g ultiges Betriebszeugnis f ur die Sportschiahrt
Maritime Mobile Satellit Service for INMARSAT C included.
Schweizer Bundesamt f ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch
United Kingdom
LRC = Long Range Certicate
GOC = General Operator Certicate
Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges
www.amerc.ac.uk
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9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio
9.1 MF/HF propagation
Ground wave
This type of waves travels along the surface of the ground.
Propagation is inuenced by the frequency and the con-
ductivity of the earth. At MF the ground wave has a
range of 150-250nm during daylight. At HF the absorb-
tion of the ground increases and the range can be less
than 5 miles.
Sky wave
The sky wave has the ability to bend or reect in the
upper atmosphere (labled F1 and F2) so that it returns
to the earth. With more than one skips you can reach
stations around the world. Skip distance increases with
the frequency. Lower bands 4/8MHz have to be sent in
the morning and at night. During sunlight at mid after-
noon use higher bands 16/22MHz. And in the evening
8/12MHz. So MF sky wave can reach more than 400nm
during night.
Dead zone
No signals are heard between the end of the ground wave
and the skip of the sky wave and so it is called the dead
zone.
Fading
If more then one reection is received the receiver will
combine the signals. Combining these two signals means
the strength of the signal can vary greatly. Variations
from zero to maximum are possible, called fading.
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9.2 MF/HF classes of emission
modulation signal information
A AM 1 digital B teleprinting
H SSB carrier 2 digital subcarrier C fax
J SSB no carrier 3 analog D telecommand
F FM E telephony
G PM
A3E Double Side Band DSB LF/MF/HF broadcast
The Radio Frequency RF carrier and 3kHz bandwidth of
the Audio Frequency AF are fed into the amplitude mod-
ulator AM. On the output is a Double Side Band DSB sig-
nal with 6kHz bandwidth, named A3E. Those two bands
call Lower Side Band LSB and Upper Side Band USB.
H3E Single Side Band SSB with carrier former MF RT 2182kHz
An LSB lter makes the Upper Side Band USB, a Single
Side Band SSB with carrier H3E, from Double Side Band
A3E. You spare 25% of power.
J3E Single Side Band SSB no carrier MF/HF RT
A carrier lter produces the SSB without carrier J3E. You
spare 50% of power. On receiving J3E signals you must
reinsert a carrier to demodulate information. TX and RX
frequency are not really the same, so you need to adjust
RX frequency with ne tune or clarier.
F1B Frequency Shift Keying FSK MF/HF DSC
FSK means the transmission of two dierent frequencies
for two states of binary digits 0 and 1.
J2B Single Side Band SSB with subcarrier MF/HF DSC
Bit 0/1 are converted into two dierent audio tone signals
and sent in J3E
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9.3 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT
Based on the same technology a single MF/HF radio device is used
for MF and HF communication.
g. 12: ICOM M710 GMDSS
9.3.1 Receiver RX
RX/TX paired frequencies
Select ITU channel: associated RX/TX frequency table
Input RX and TX frequency
2182 direct tune to MF 2182kHz, J3E, high power
Class of emission mode
RF Radio Frequency gain signal sensitivity
AGC Automatic Gain Control reduce fading
AF Audio Frequency gain volume of loudspeaker
Fine tune / clariy shift RX carrier frequency 150Hz
9.3.2 Transmitter TX
Push To Talk PTT activate transmitter
Tune matches the length of the antenna
Power MF 60-400W, HF 60-1500W
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9.4 Radio bands
band denition wave maritime useage
LF 30-300kHz 10-1km
MF 300-3000kHz 1000-100m NAVTEX 490kHz, 518kHz
MF RT+DSC 1605-3800kHz
HF 3-30MHz 100-10m HF RT+DSC 3.8-26MHz
VHF 30-300MHz 10-1m VHF RT+DSC 156-162MHz
UHF 300-3000MHz 10-1dm COSPAS/SARSAT 406MHz
INMARSAT 1.5/1.6GHz
GPS 1.5GHz
SHF 3-30GHz 10-1cm RADAR 3GHz & 9 GHz
SART 9GHz
9.5 MF/HF Antenna
Wire: Yachts are using the aft stay, lager vessels a wire between
two masts bow and stern. The wire, more then 7m, has to be
insulated from superstructure.
Whip: Yachts are using pushpit or ybridge mounting, larger
vessels the top of bridge tower.
9.6 MF/HF Tuner
g. 13: ICOM
AT130E
The MF/HF carrier frequency changes from min-
imum MF 1.6MHz to maximum HF 26MHz and
therefore the wave length from 188m to 10m. But
the antenna has a xed length.
Automatic antenna tuner matches the real length to
the ideal length using coils and capacitors.
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9.7 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC
9.7.1 Type of calls
Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range:
distress
alert (acknowledge) all stations
relay all (acknowledge) all stations
relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI
urgency & safety
group, geographical area group MMSI or coordinates
routine
group group MMSI
test (acknowledge) coast MMSI
9.7.2 MF/HF DSC controller
class A full requirements for compulsory tted SOLAS vessels
class E minimum facilities for voluntary tted non-SOLAS vessels
Scan watch receiver continuous digital watch
scanning all 6 MF/HF DSC frequencies
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9.8 Distress - MAYDAY
9.8.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert
Alert includes ships MMSI, position, nature and working frequency
Undened distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s
Dened distress alert enter menu
a) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry)
b) select nature of distress from list: undened/undesignated,
re/explosion, ooding, collision, grounding,
listing/capsizing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon,
piracy/armed robbery, man/person over board
c) select calling frequency:
single: 5 consecutive calls on 1 frequency 35s
multi: 6 consecutive calls on all 6 frequencies 42s
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
d) select associated RT working frequency:
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
e) push DISTRESS button >5s
MF DSC received by ship & coast stations in radio range 150nm
HF DSC received by ship & coast stations in propagation range
Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC <3min
If not, automatic reptition of DSC distress alert 4min
9.8.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message
Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency
Multi DSC call: on each of 6 associated RT working frequencies
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9.9 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY
Take the following actions:
Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz
await DSC/RT acknowledge or response from CS/RCC
9.9.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay call
Calling frequency select band on propagation
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5,6312,8414.5,12577,16804.5kHz
Subsequent associated RT working frequency:
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125,6215,8291,12290,16420kHz
a) select individual call priority distress relay (only some DSC)
b) enter or select MMSI of CS/RCC
c) select calling frequency: select band on propagation
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
9.9.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message
Transmit subsequent RT distress call and message
on associated RT working frequency.
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9.10 Distress cancellation
Distress has to be canceled after transmission of a false distress alert
or distress situation no longer required.
9.10.1 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation
a) push CANCEL button to stop transmission
b) select distress cancellation call (only some DSC)
self acknowledge
c) push appropriate button to transmit
9.10.2 MF/HF RT distress cancellation
Follow up with RT distress cancellation call and message:
Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency
Multi DSC call: on each of 6 associated RT working frequencies
3xall stations all stations all stations all stations
this is this is
59.2N 013
28.9W
cancel my distress alert please cancel my distress alert
of date and time of 0837 UTC today
OVER OVER
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9.11 Urgency - PAN PAN
Urgency calls on VHF and MF only.
9.11.1 MF DSC urgency call
a) select urgency call
b) select area, group or individual (only some DSC)
c) enter area or MMSI
d) select calling frequency: select band on propagation
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
9.11.2 MF RT urgency call and message
Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message
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9.12 Safety - SECURITE
A very important navigational or meteorological warning.
Safety calls on VHF and MF only.
9.12.1 MF DSC safety call
a) select safety call
b) select area, group or individual (only some DSC)
c) enter area or MMSI
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
9.12.2 MF RT safety call and message
Transmit subsequent RT safety call and message
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9.13 Routine
9.13.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling
a) select routine call
b) select group or individual
c) enter MMSI
MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz
ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz
HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]
4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5
6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0
8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5
12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0
16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0
18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5
22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0
25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0
e) select RT working frequency on same band as calling
MF ship-ship i.e. intership TX/RX 2048/2048kHz
MF ship-shore 55 ITU channels: ship TX/RX [kHz]
2MHz: 241-267: 2060/1635, 2063/1638, ... 2138/1713
2MHz: 268-295: 2060/1716, 2063/1719, ... 2141/1797
HF 242 ITU channels within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]
4MHz: 401-427: 4065/4357, 4068/4360, ..., 4143/4435
6MHz: 601-608: 6200/6501, 6203/6504, ..., 6221/6522
8MHz: 801-832: 8195/8719, 8198/8722, ..., 8288/8812
12MHz: 1201-1241: 12230/13077, 12233/13080, ..., 12350/13197
16MHz: 1601-1656: 16360/17242, 16363/17245, ..., 16525/17407
18MHz: 1801-1815: 18780/19755, 18783/19758, ..., 18822/19797
22MHz: 2201-2253: 22000/22696, 22003/22699, ..., 22156/22852
25MHz: 2501-2510: 25070/26145, 25073/26148, ..., 25097/26172
f) enter additional information as position, pay-phone, ...
g) push appropriate button to transmit
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9.14 MF/HF telex
9.14.1 MF/HF selcal
Each station needs unique telex idencation, the selcal:
coast station: 4 digits
ship station: 5 digits
ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities
Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int
9.14.2 MF/HF telex terminal
A telex terminal consits of
Video Display Unit VDU
Keyboard
Printer
Telex modulator/demodulator MODEM
MF/HF Transceiver (F1B or J2B)
Operation modes for Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP.
Automatic Reception Request ARC (station to station)
Forward Error Correction FEC (broadcast TX to all RX)
Selective FEC SELFEC (station TX to station RX)
Distress, urgency and safety frequencies: FEC mode
MF: 2174.5kHz
HF: 4177.5, 6268.0, 8376.5, 12520.0, 16695.0kHz
Telex abbrevations:
GA+ go ahead
MED+ medical assistance required
OBS+ weather messages
OCC+ occupied (engaged)
URG+ urgent assistant required
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10 International Martitime Satellite INMARSAT
10.1 INMARSAT satellites
g. 14: INMARSAT satellites
INMARSAT is a private
company and located in
London with its Opera-
tion Control Centre OCC.
4 satellites AOR-W, AOR-
E, IOR, POR are geosta-
tionary located in 36.000km
height above the equa-
tor.
At your known ships po-
sition you can calculate
the azimuth and eleva-
tion angle.
www.inmarsat.com
GMDSS communication standards:
standard phone data aerial IMN
B yes 64kBit/s 120cm dish 3MIDxxxxx
C no 600Bit/s 20cm omnidir. 4MIDxxxxx
Fleet 77 yes 128kBit/s 77cm dish 76MIDxxxx
The system oers 4 priority levels:
level priority standard
P3 distress Fleet 77, SAT-B, SAT-M, SAT-C
P2 urgency Fleet 77
P1 safety Fleet 77
P0 routine Fleet 77, SAT-B, SAT-M, SAT-C
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10.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES
There are about 40 Land Earth Stations around the world, formerly
called Coast Earth Stations CES. Dishes (parabolic antenna) with a
diameter of 20m are used for RX 3.6GHz and TX 6.4GHz.
They are connecting into the Public Switched Telephone Network
PSTN, Packet Switched Data Network PSDN and to RCCs.
Not every LES provides all communication standards.
SAT-C LES list:
country operator AOR-W AOR-E POR IOR
Australia Stratos (Perth) 022 122 222 322
China Beijing 211 311
France Vizada 021 121 221 321
Greece OTE 120 305
India VSNL 306
Israel Bezeq 127 327
Italia Telecom Italia 105 335
Japan KDDI 003 103 203 303
Netherlands Stratos (Burum) 012 112 212 312
Stratos (Burum 2) 002 102 302
New Zealand Stratos (Auckland) 202
Norway Telenor 004 104 204 304
Poland Telekomunikacja 116 316
Russia Morsviazsputnik 117 217 317
Singapore Singapore Telecom 210 328
Turkey Telecom 110 310
Vietnam VISHIPEL 330
USA Telenor 001 101 201 301
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10.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES
Formerly called Ship Earth Stations SES.
g. 15: INMARSAT MES
The communication frequencies RX 1.5GHz and TX 1.6GHz propa-
gate with space wave. The satellite has to be in the line of sight.
That is possible up to 70
N/S.
The antenna (dish) is directional and must be pointed accurately at
the satellite. Normally it is automatically tracked by ships position
(GPS) and heading (gyro) to satellite (azimuth and elevation).
g. 16: INMARSAT NCS
4 Network Co-ordination Stations NCS are responsible for allocating
ships TX communication channels and ships RX calling.
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11 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station
11.1 SAT-C Terminal
Store-and-foreward data messaging only (similar to SMS), no phone.
g. 17: SAT-C Terminal
It consists of om-
nidirectional antenna,
transceiver and PC
Terminal.
User Software is nor-
mally DOS based,
Windows based by
third parties.
Login is only possible if MES is in contract with INMARSAT. You
get messages after login to NCS ocean region.
Logging out informs the NCS that your MES is no longer available for
communication. The NCS in your ocean region updates its database
with this information. The system knows not to accept any messages
intended for your MES and informs would-be callers that your MES
is not available. Logging out inhibts loss of data.
class terminal
0 EGC receiver only
1 SAT-C transceiver only (non GMDSS)
2 EGC receiver when SAT-C transceiver is standby
3 EGC receiver and SAT-C transceiver
Mini-C small-scale, non GMDSS for voluntary tted vessels can be
used in Inmarsat spot beam areas only.
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11.2 SAT-C priority distress
If you select distress priority your message will be routed only to an
RCC associated with the LES selected, regardless of the destination.
11.2.1 SAT-C distress alert
Undesignated distress alert push DISTRESS button(s) >5s
Possible without any contract with INMARSAT corporation.
Designated distress alert enter menu
a) select distress alert
b) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry)
c) select nature of distress from list
unspecied, re/explosion, ooding, collision,
grounding, listing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon,
further assitance, piracy/armed attack
d) login to any LES/CES (nearest to your position prefered)
Received by Inmarsat satellite LES RCC 70
S-70
N
Await SAT-C distress acknowledge from RCC within 5min.
If not repeat SAT-C distress alert as above.
11.2.2 SAT-C telex distress message
a) select distress priority
b) prepare distress message
MAYDAY
ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN
position, nature of distress, assistance required
additional information
c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent
d) to transmit push appropriate button
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11.2.3 SAT-C telex distress relay message
Take the following actions:
Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz
Relay to RCC on SAT-C terminal:
b) prepare message
MAYDAY RELAY
position
observed / received the following ...
c) select LES/CES
11.2.4 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message
If you accidentally send a distress alert, you should notify the appro-
priate RCC to cancel the alert by sending a distress priority message
via the same LES through which the false alert was sent.
b) prepare distress cancellation message
position
cancel my distress alert
of date and time
c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent
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11.3 SAT-C priority routine
Messages are selected by 2-digit Special Access Codes SAC.
www.inmarsat.com
11.3.1 SAT-C telex urgency message
a) select routine priority
b) select message type special access
c) enter specic 2-digit code
32 medical advice
38 medical assistance
39 maritime assitance
d) prepare message including
PAN PAN
ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN / position
e) select LES/CES
f) to transmit push appropriate button
11.3.2 SAT-C telex safety message
A very important navigational or meteorological warning.
b) select message type special access
c) enter specic 2-digit code
42 navigational hazards
d) prepare message including
SECURITE
ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN / position
e) select LES/CES
f) to transmit push appropriate button
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11.3.3 SAT-C telex routine message
Message type:
type country destination prex ext. preamble
shore telex country subscriber - - -
ship telex 581 AOR/E IMN - - -
582 POR - - -
583 IOR - - -
583 AOR/W - - -
data PSDN DNIC - - -
fax PSTN country subscriber - T30 -
sms SAC - - 28 - TO+<no.>
email SAC - - 28 - TO+<addr.>
SAT-C terminal:
b) select message type, country, destination, prex, extension
c) prepare message including preamble
d) select LES/CES (shore charges nearest to destination)
e) to transmit push appropriate button
Inmarsat air charges per 256Bit 0,30USD / 256Bit
ITA-2, 5Bit, telex 50 character / 256Bit
ASCII, 7Bit, text 36 character / 256Bit
Binary, 8Bit, data 32 character / 256Bit
Inmarsat sms/email Provider: contract required
Vizada (former Telenor, France Telecom) www.vizada.com
Stratos (former Xantic) www.stratosglobal.com
Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN:
Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com
Data Network Identication Code DNIC: www.itu.int
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11.4 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine
g. 18: INMARSAT shore-to-ship
country destination
telex 581 AOR/E IMN
582 POR
583 IOR
584 AOR/W
data 1111 AOR/E DNIC
1112 POR
1113 IOR
1114 AOR/W
destination message preamble
sms Vizada: +49-1709127629 MES:
Stratos; +47-95222333 i IMN
email Vizada: username.tlx@skyle-c.com subject: keyword
Stratos: IMN@stratosmobile.net subject: al:telex
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11.5 SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC
11.5.1 SafetyNET
SafetyNET provides Maritime Safety Information MSI broadcasts out-
side NAVTEX coverage free of charge. MSI may be addressed to all
ships (coverage, ocean region, NAVAREA) or within a geographic
area (circle, rectangule, coastal area). Priority levels: distress, ur-
gency, safety, routine
Scheduled MSI broadcasts (UTC):
area region NAV Information MET Information
I AOR-E 1730 0930, 2130
II AOR-E 1630 0900, 2100
III AOR-E 1200, 2400 1000, 2200
IV AOR-W 1000, 2200 0430, 1030, 1630, 2230
V AOR-E 0400, 1230 0730, 1930
VI AOR-W 0200, 1400 0230, 1730
VII AOR-E + IOR 1940 0940, 1940
VIII IOR 1000 0830, 0900, 1630, 1800
IX IOR 0800 0700
X IOR + POR 0700, 1900 1030, 2330
XI IOR + POR 0005, 0805, 1205 0230, 0330, 0815, 0830,
1430, 1530, 2015, 2030
XII POR + AOR-W 1030, 2230 0545, 1145, 1745, 2345
XIII POR 0930, 2130 0230, 0830, 0930, 1430,
0930, 2130 2030, 2130
XIV POR on receipt 0930, 2130
XV AOR-W 0210, 1410, 2210 0100, 1330, 1845
XVI AOR-W 0519, 1119, 1719, 2319 0515, 1115, 1715, 2315
GMDSS Master Plan www.navcen.uscg.gov
INMARSAT SafetyNet User Handbook www.inmarsat.com
11.5.2 FleetNET
FleetNET provides charged commercial broadcasts to a group of sta-
tions selected by EGC Network Identication code ENID code.
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11.5.3 EGC receiver
Set up EGC receiver:
a) automatic update of ships position from GPS
or manually input at least every 4 hours
b) designate current NAVAREA I-XVI based on ships position
c) designate INMARSAT ocean region for current NAVAREA
d) login in to ocean region NCS of AOR-W, AOR-E, POR or IOR
e) enter NAVAREA I-XVI
f) select NAVTEX codes and/or EGC services from list
g) enter alternative NAVAREA
g. 19: MSI SafetyNet
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12 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station
12.1 SAT-B/M Terminal
terminal service
SAT-B phone, telex (fax and data are optional)
SAT-M phone, fax, data (small-scale, non GMDSS)
Mini-M phone, data (portable, non GMDSS, spot beam area)
12.2 SAT-B/M priority distress
12.2.1 SAT-B telex distress
a) go online
b) push DISTRESS button >6s
c) await RCC answerback and GA+ (Go Ahead)
d) type distress message or retrieve from DMG
MAYDAY
position, nature of distress, assistance required, additional
Distress Message Generator DMG is a memory for pre-programmed
telex distress message. Ships identication and position is included.
12.2.2 SAT-B/M phone distress
a) lift headset and await dial tone
b) push DISTRESS button >6s
c) # -key to start call
d) await RCC operater answers
e) give distress message
MAYDAY
position, nature of distress, assistance required, additional
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12.3 SAT-B/M priority routine
12.3.1 SAT-B/M Special Access Code SAC
SAT-B calls are selected by 2-digit Special Access Code SAC.
www.inmarsat.com
a) select mode phone / telex (SAT-B only)
b) select routine priority P0
c) select LES/CES (shore charges nearest to destination)
d) lift headset (phone) / go online (telex)
e) await RCC answers / answerback and GA+
f) enter SAC
00 automatic dialing
32 medical advice
38 medical assistance
39 maritime assitance
42 navigational hazard
followed by # (phone) / + (telex)
g) enter country + area + subscriber number on phone call
h) give message (phone) / type message (telex)
12.3.2 SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine
Automatic phone call shore-to-ship: +870-IMN
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13 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station
13.1 Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal
terminal service
Fleet 77 ISDN phone, MPDS data, preemption, 4 priorities
Fleet 55 phone, data (small-scale, non GMDSS)
Fleet 33 phone, data (mobile, non GMDSS, spot beam areas)
Pre-emption is the ability to interrupt voice or data communication
by higher priorities.
13.2 Priority distress
13.2.1 Fleet 77 phone distress
a) push DISTRESS button >5s
b) select LES (nearest to incident) or use default
c) await RCC operater answers
e) give distress message
MAYDAY
position, nature of distress, assistance required
additional information
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Part III
Appendix
14 Mock questions
14.1 Operation Performance Test OPT
1. VHF Radio Telephone RT
(a) switch power on/o
(b) set volume and squelch for optimum performance
(c) adjust dimmer and contrast
(d) select distress, urgency, safety and RT calling channel
(e) select working channel 77
(f) demonstrate dual watch facility
(g) adjust power output 1W / 25W (explain its signicance)
2. VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC
(a) check ships MMSI
(b) enter position and time manually
(c) send an undesignated distress alert
(d) send a designated distress alert
(e) cancel a false distress alert
(f) send a distress relay call to CS/RCC
(g) send an urgency call to all stations (RT working ch 16)
(h) send an safety call to all stations (RT working ch 08)
(i) send a group call (RT working channel 72)
(j) send a ship-to-ship routine call (RT working ch 77)
(k) send a ship-to-shore routine call
(l) retrieve received calls from log (memory)
(m) enter name and MMSI into directory (address book)
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14.2 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS
1. State the information included in a DSC distress alert.
2. The RT call should sent on which VHF channel.
3. shipmaster advised you to transmit DSC distress alert
followed up with distress call and message:
(a) 43-43.3N 017-12.7E
badly holed, ship is sinking, 4 persons
(b) 44-13.6N 017-45.3E
explosion in engine room, ship is on re, 3 persons
(c) 43-57.1S 016-59.9E
lost prop shaft, ooding, 5 persons
(d) 44-01.0N 016-48.8W
dense fog, collision with shing vessel, 8 persons
(e) 43-26.5S 117-15.0W
hit an underwater rock, 1 person
(f) 44-33.2S 016-29.6E
lost keel, heavy list to port, 8 persons
(g) 44-19.9N 015-59.1E
lost rudder, drifting ashore in heavy sea, 2 persons
(h) 43-00.2S 116-25.8E
7 persons abandon ship to liferaft
(i) 44-19.1N 016-39.8E
attack by 4 armed pirates, 6 persons
(j) 01-21.2N 017-45.9W
person over board in heavy sea
(k) 44-32.7N 016-56.0E
62 years old crew member had a heart attack
(l) 12-43.4S 017-17.6E
capsized, no life raft, no dinghy, alone
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4. Dene distress, urgency and safety priority.
5. There is a yacht about one mile from you, it is trailing orange
smoke and has a crew member standing on deck and repeatedly
raising and lowering his outstreched arms.
List the actions you should take.
6. State the RT distress relay call and message to CS/RCC.
7. State the procedure for cancelling a false DSC distress alert.
8. State the RT signal you should you to precede a request for
medical assistance.
9. State the priority of the DSC alert you should use to report a
navigation hazard.
10. State what the signal SILENCE MAYDAY and SILENCE FINI
indicates. State which station is allowed to use.
11. State the correct use of 518kHz for the Safety of Life at Sea
communications.
12. State two dierent items of maritime radio equipment recom-
mended for use in survival craft.
13. State two purposes of an EPIRB.
14. State the changes you will see on your ships radar screen as
your vessel gets closer to an active radar SARTs position.
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14.3 Radio Regulations RR
Requires one answer only.
1. Under whose control may members of the crew use the ra-
diotelephone?
(a) The Skipper of the boat
(b) The holder of a Certicate of Competence.
(c) The Owner of the ship radio licence.
(d) Any responsible person aged 18 and over.
2. Under whose authority is a distress alert made?
(a) The Skipper.
(b) The licenced radio operator.
(c) The Coastguard.
(d) Any concerned crew member.
3. For the purposes of DSC, vessels are refered to by their
(a) MMSI
(b) callsign
(c) name
(d) AAIC
4. If you are using a VHF radio with an aerial height of 16m and
power output of 25W, at what range would you expect to alert
a coast station with an aerial height of 100m using Channel 70?
(a) 5-10nm
(b) 25-35nm
(c) 50-70nm
(d) more then 100nm
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5. Which electronic navigational aid can be interfaced with a DSC
controller to input position?
(a) NAVTEX
(b) Fluxgate compass and electonic log
(c) GPS
(d) RADAR
6. Which one of the following types of call is permitted?
(a) Misleading distress call.
(b) Call addressed All Stations.
(c) Call containing profane or indecent language.
(d) Routine broadcast call.
7. Is the VHF voice distress channel:
(a) Channel 06
(b) Channel 67
(c) Channel 70
(d) Channel 16
8. Which of the following calls is prohibited:
(a) unidentied
(b) all ships
(c) ship-to-shore
(d) ship-to-ship
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15 Translations
15.1 RT messages
15.1.1 Ships distress message
1 Auf Position 12sm nordlich
von Kap Arkona, Feuer in
den Aufbauten, Schie in
dem Gebiet werden gebeten,
Loschhilfe zu leisten.
in position 12nm north o
Cape Arkona, re in super-
structure, vessels in area are
requested to assist in re
ghting.
2 Auf Position 54-10.7N 004-
15.4E Feuer im Laderaum
ist auer Kontrolle geraten,
keine gefahrlichen G uter,
keine giftige Rauchentwick-
lung, 1 Person verletzt.
Erbitten sofortige Hilfe.
In position 54-10.7N 004-
15.4E re in hold out of con-
trol, no dangerous goods, no
poisoning smoke, 1 person in-
jured. Immediate help is re-
quested.
3 Um 2110UTC, auf Posi-
tion 2sm nordwestlich von
Warnem unde, Mensch uber
Bord, Schie in der Nahe wer-
den gebeten, scharf Ausschau
zu halten, bei der Suche und
Rettung zu helfen und RCC
Bremen zu berichten.
Person over board at
2110UTC in position 2nm
northwest of Warnemuende,
ships in vicinity please keep
sharp lookout, assist with
search and rescue and report
to Bremen Rescue.
4 Auf Position 3sm westlich von
B usum, Ruder gebrochen,
treiben in rauher See auf Land
zu. Benotigen sofortige Hilfe.
In position 3nm west of Bue-
sum broken rudder, drifting
ashore in rough sea. Require
immediate assistance.
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von Puttgarden, Kollision mit
Fischereifahrzeug Meyenburg
DCYJ, gefahrliches Leck,
Schi sinkt nach Wassere-
inbruch, benotigen sofortige
Hilfe.
in collision with shing ves-
sel Meyenburg DCYJ in posi-
tion 17nm north of Puttgar-
den, dangerous leak, vessel
sinking after ooding, require
immediate assistance.
6 Auf Position 61-10,6N 003-
45,3E nach einer Explosion
Feuer im Maschinenraum, 2
Personen schwer verletzt, wir
m ussen das Schi verlassen,
benotigen sofortige Hilfe.
45.3E after explosion re in
engine room, 2 persons are
seriously injured, we have to
abandon the vessel, require
immediate help.
der Tonne DB2 Kollision mit
Tanker NEWEXCO. Starke
Schlagseite nach Backbord
und Kentergefahr. Benotige
sofortige Hilfe.
in position 4nm north of buoy
DB2 in collision with tanker
NEWEXCO. Heavy list to
port side with danger of cap-
sizing. require assistance im-
mediately.
8 Auf Position 16-28,7S
174-51,8E, gefahrliches
Leck unter der Wasserlinie,
Wassereinbruch ist nicht zu
kontrollieren, Schi bendet
sich in kritischem Zustand,
Schie in dem Gebiet werden
gebeten zu Hilfe zu kommen.
In position 16-28.7S 174-
51.8E with dangerous leak
below water line, cannot con-
trol ooding, ship is in critical
condition, ships in area are re-
quested to approach for assis-
tance.
9 Deutsche Bucht, in der
Nahe der Leuchttonne DB7,
Schi brennt, bekomme das
Feuer nicht unter Kontrolle,
benotige sofortige Hilfe.
German Bight near light buoy
DB7, vessel on re, re out
of control, require immediate
assistance.
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15.1.2 Passing a distress message
24,3E, beobachtet wie ein
kleines Flugzeug mit zwei
Propellern notgewassert
hat. Das Flugzeug ist noch
treibend. Schie in der Nahe
werden gebeten, mit dem
Flugzeug auf UKW K16
Verbindung aufzunehmen
und via Inmarsat MRCC Sta-
vanger oder via KW Lyngby
Radio zu berichten.
Observed small unknown air-
craft with two propellers
ditched in position 58-55.8N
002-24.3E, aircraft is still
aoat, ships in vicinity please
try to contact aircraft on VHF
ch16 and report to MRCC
Stavanger via Inmarsat or on
HF via Lyngby Radio.
11 Um 0732UTC folgendes auf
UKW K16 empfangen: May-
day Fjaellfjord LGBX auf
Position 4sm nordwestlich
von Helgoland, Explosion im
Maschinenraum, 6 verletzte
Menschen an Bord, benotigen
Hubschrauber und medizinis-
che Hilfe. Ende der Meldung.
At 0732UTC on VHF ch16
following received: Mayday
Fjaellfjord LGBX in position
4nm northwest of Helgoland
explosions in engine room, 6
persons are injured, require
helicopter and medical assis-
tance. End of message.
12 Rote Raketen beobachtet in
recht-weisender Peilung 045
und 8sm geschatzter Abstand
von unserer Position 55-
16,9N 016-23,1E, alle Schie
in diesem Gebiet bitte scharf
Ausschau halten und MRCC
Goteborg berichten.
Our position 55-16.9N 016-
23.1E, observed red rockets
in true bearing of about 045,
estimated distance 8nm, all
ships in area please keep sharp
lookout and report to MRCC
Gothenburg
83
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15.1.3 Distress relay message from coast station
13 Auf dem Motorschi Frey-
burg DCAW Mensch uber
Bord, um 0730UTC zuletzt
gesichtet 2sm nordlich der
Radarantwortbake Elbe. Alle
Schie in der Nahe werden
gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu
halten und MRCC Bremen zu
berichten.
On motor vessel Freyburg
DCAW person over board last
seen at 0730UTC in Posi-
tion 2nm north of racon buoy
Elbe. All ships in vicinity
please keep sharp lookout and
report to Bremen Rescue.
14 Um 1525UTC auf UKW
K16 folgendes von Motoschi
Blue Sky 5KMO empfangen:
Auf Position 12sm nordwest-
lich von Calais Mensch uber
Bord, Schie in der Nahe
bitte scharf Ausschau halten.
Ende der Meldung. Schie in
dem Gebiet werden gebeten,
sich an der Suche und Ret-
tung zu beteiligen und MRCC
Falmouth zu berichten.
At 1525UTC on VHF ch16
following received from motor
vessel Blue Sky 5KMO person
over board in position 12nm
north west of Calais, vessels
in vicinity keep sharp lookout.
End of message. Ships in area
are requested to assist with
search and rescue and report
to MRCC Falmouth.
15 DSC-Notalarm von Mo-
torschi Uranus empfangen.
Die gemeldete Position ist
10-04N 077-14W, die Schi-
fahrt wird gebeten, scharf
Ausschau zu hatlen und
der K ustenwache Miami zu
berichten.
received a DSC-distress alert
from motor vessel Uranus.
Reported position is 10-04N
077-14W. Shipping is re-
quested to keep a sharp look-
out and report to Coast
Guard Miami.
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16 In der Nahe der Leucht-
Heultonne Humber 5 wurde
ein gekentertes Rettungso
beobachtet.

Uberlebende
wurden nicht gesichtet.
halten.
In vicinity of light and whistle
buoy Humber 5 capsized life
raft observed. Survivors were
not sighted. Ships in area are
requested to keep sharp look-
out.
17 K ustenwache Falmouth hat
folgende Information vom
Fischereifahrzeug Parrain
FHEF erhalten. Die Mel-
dung beginnt: Mayday, alle
Besatzungsmitglieder an
Bord des Schies sind vom
Rettungshubschrauber 137
geborgen worden und iegen
weiter nach Stornoway. Das
Schi treibt noch auf Posi-
tion 59-05N 013-55W. Ende
der Meldung.
Coast guard Falmouth re-
ceived following information
from shing vessel Parrain
FHEF. The message begins
Mayday all crew members on
board the vessel have now
been airlifted and are pro-
ceeding to Stomoway on res-
cue helicopter 137. The ves-
sel is still adrift in position 59-
05N 013-55W. End of mes-
sage.
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15.1.4 Ships urgent message
18 Ein Besatzungsmitglied ist
vom Mast gefallen und
schwer verletzt, benotige
dringend arztliche Hilfe.
Position 12sm s udlich Cape
Spartivento, Kurs 275,
Geschwindigkeit 13kn.
In position 12nm south of
Cape Spartivento, a crew
member is fallen from the
mast and seriously injured,
course 275, speed 13kn, re-
quire urgent medical assis-
tance.
08,7E, ein Besatzungsmit-
glied, 56 Jahre, bewusst-
los, Verdacht auf Herzinfarkt,
benotige dringend medizinis-
che Hilfe per Hubschrauber.
08.7E, a crew member 56
years old unconscious, sus-
pect heart attack, require ur-
gent medical help by heli-
copter.
20 Ein Mann ist vom Mast
gefallen und hat sich schwer
verletzt, starker Blutverlust,
Position 54-48,1N 006-55,7E,
benotige medizinischen Rat,
Schie mit einem Arzt an
Bord bitte auf UKW K16
melden.
Require medical advice for
man fallen from the mast, se-
riously injured with heavy loss
of blood, position 54-48.1N
006-55.7E, ships with doctor
please contact VHF ch16.
21 Schi ist aufgrund von
Problemen mit der Ruder-
anlage manovrierunfahig,
Position 51-10,4N 003-
45,6E, benotige dringend
Schlepperhilfe.
Due to steering gear prob-
lems vessel is not under com-
mand in position 51-10.4N
003-45.6E require urgent tug
assistance.
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22 Auf Position 56-25N 027-
19W, Schi rammte kleinen
Eisberg, Wassereinbruch,
benotige dringedn Schlepp-
und Pumphilfe.
Vessel struck growler in po-
sition 56-25N 027-19W, ship
is making water require ur-
gent assistance with towing
and pumping.
23 Maschinenausfall, Schi
treibt manovrierunfahig
in sehr schwerer See und
sehr hoher D unung auf
Position 55-23,4N 006-
18,1E, benotigen dringend
Schlepphilfe.
Engine is broken down in
position 55-23.4N 006-18.1E
ship is not under command in
very rough sea and extremely
high swell, require urgent tug
assistance.
24 Auf Position 2sm nordostlich
der Heultonne A, Maschi-
nenraum brennt, Hauptmas-
chine lauft noch, fahren
mit langsamer Fahrt weiter,
benotigen dringend Schlep-
philfe.
In position 2nm north east of
whistle buoy A, engine room
on re, main engine still work-
ing proceeding at slow speed,
require urgent tug assistance.
25 gebrochener Mast, Rud-
erschaden, Schi treibt
manovrierunfahig in schwerer
See, auf Position 61-17,3N
004-28,4E, benotigen drin-
gend Schlepperhilfe.
broken mast, damaged rud-
der. Vessel is not under com-
mand, rough sea, in position
61-17,3N 004-28,4E, require
urgent tug assistance.
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15.1.5 Urgent message from coast station
26 K ustenwache Miami empng
eine uberfallige Meldung der
Segeljacht Windigo, 38 Fu,
die Fajardo am 20. Juni
um 0800 Uhr Ortszeit auf
dem Weg nach Canaveral
verlie. Weie Segelyacht
mit roten Aufbauten. Die
Schifahrt wird gebeten,
scharf Ausschau zu halten
und der K ustenwache Miami
Beobachtungen zu melden.
Miami Coast Guard received
an overdue report of a 38
feet sailing vessel Windigo
left Fajardo with destination
Canaveral The sailing vessel
is white with red superstruc-
ture. Shipping is requested
to keep a sharp lookout and
report sightings to US Coast
Guard Miami.
27 Segelboot Rubin, 12m Lange,
roter Rumpf, weie Segel,
zwei Personen an Bord, ver-
lie Klintholm am 16. Juli
um 0600 Uhr Ortszeit mit
Ziel Visby, Schi hat bisher
Visby nicht erreicht, Schi-
fahrt wird gebeten, scharf
Ausschau zu halten und Lyn-
gby Radio zu berichten.
Sailing boat Rubin 12m red
hull, white sails, 2 persons
on board, left Klintholm on
July 16th at 0600 local time,
bound for Visby, ship has not
yet arrived, shipping are re-
quested to keep sharp look-
out and report to Lyngby Ra-
dio.
28 Segeljacht Relaxe SWLU, 40
Fu, weier Rumpf, braune
Segel, unterwegs von Mar-
tinique zu den Azoren, seit
dem 16. Januar keine Mel-
dung mehr erhalten, Schie,
die sich auf dieser Route
benden, bitte scharf Auss-
chau halten und der US
K ustenwache berichten.
Sailing yacht Relaxe SWLU,
lengths 40 feet, white hull,
brown sails, underway from
Martinique to Azores unre-
ported since January 16th,
ship on route please keep
sharp lookout and report to
US Coast Guard.
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15.1.6 Ships safety message
29 Schi auf Grund gelaufen
auf ungefahr 54-27,7N 007-
28,0E. Die Schifahrt wird
gebeten, weitraumig zu um-
fahren.
ship aground in approximate
54-27.7N 007-28.0E. Ship-
ping is requested to keep a
wide berth
15.1.7 Safety message from coast station
30 Gebiet Humber, Thames,
Dover, Isle of Wight und
Belgische K uste leicht bis
maige NE Brise, Windstarke
3-4, maige oder schlechte
Sicht, uberwiegend heiter.
Area Humber Thames, Dover
Isle of Wight and Belgian
Coast northeasterly gentle to
moderate breeze force 3 to
4, moderate or poor visibility,
mainly fair.
31 Seegebiet Dogger Bank bis
Isle of Wight, starke west-
liche Winde zunehmend auf
Sturmstarke 8 bis 9, recht-
drehend, spater zeitweise
Spr uhregen, maige bis gute
Sicht.
Sea area Dogger Bank to
Isle of Wight strong westerly
winds increasing to gale force
8 to 9 veering later drizzle at
times, moderate to good vis-
ibility.
32 Sturmwarnung vom 21.
September 0600UTC, Hur-
rikane Clara, 958hPa im
Zentrum, Position 28-36,5N
072-41,3W, bewegt sich
nordwestlich mit 40kn, in
einem Radius von ungefahr
40sm, Seegang uber 7m.
Gale warning at 210600
UTC September, hurricane
Clara with central pressure of
958hPa located in position
28-36.5N 072-41,3W present
movement NW at 40kn
within a radius of about
40nm of centre, seas over
7m.
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33 Vanernsee nachts Nord 25 bis
35kn, im Sund, im Groen
und Kleinen Belt, westliche
und s udliche Ostsee S udwest
zunehmend bis 35kn, in der
spaten Nacht West 30 bis
40kn, S udnnisches Archipel
in der Nacht S ud 30kn, Bot-
tensee nachts Nordost 35 bis
45kn, dichtes bis sehr dichtes
Eis.
Lake Vaenern from this night
north 25 to 35kn. The
Sound, the Betts, westem
and southem Baltic: south-
west increasing to 35kn.
From late night west 30
to 40kn. Archipelago Sea:
tonight south 30kn. Sea of
Bothnia: From tonight north-
east 35 to 45kn and close to
very close ice.
34 Wetterbericht f ur das Gebiet
nordlich von Portugal: Regen
oder Schauer, zeitweise SW
6, rasch zunehmend auf W 8,
spater rechtdrehend NW 5.
Weather forecast for the area
North of Portugal, rain or
showers, at times SW 6, tem-
porarily increasing W 8 veer-
ing to NW ve later.
35 Sturmwarnung f ur Skagerrak
und Kattegat, W 8 bis 9, ab-
nehmend auf 7, rauhe See,
Schauer, maige bis gute
Sicht.
Gale warning for Skagerrak
and Kattegat, W 8 to 9,
decreasing to 7, rough sea,
showers, good to moderate
visibility.
36 Sturm- und Eiswarnung
Skagerrak, Kattegatt und
Vanernsee: Heute Abend
NW 30kn Sund, Belts, west-
liche und s udliche Ostsee:
Wind aus s udlichen Richtun-
gen zunehmend auf 30kn,
heute Nacht N-NW 30-40kn,
Zentrale Ostsee und Rigais-
cher Meerbusen S udwest
zunehmend auf 35kn.
Gale and ice warning. Sk-
agerrak, Kattegatt and Lake
Vaenem: From this evening
NW 30kn. The Sound,
the Betts, Western and
Southem Battic: Around
south, increasing to 30kn.,
this night N-NW 30-40kn,
Central Baltic and Golf of
Riga: southwest increasing
to 35kn.
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37 Humber-Elbe-Fahrwasser auf
Position 53-25,7N 005-28,4E
eine fast untergetauchte,
treibende, gelbe Glocken-
tonne, gefahrlich f ur die
Schifahrt.
Humber-Elbe-Route in po-
sition 53-25.7N 005-28,4E
observed nearly submerged
drifting yellow coloured bell
buoy, dangerous to naviga-
tion.
38 Bohrplattform Drill Ep-
silon auf Position 58-17,3N
002-43,8E,

Ol-
Uberlauf und
Gasleck, Schie in diesem
Gebiet werden angewiesen,
die erwahnte Position mit
einem Mindestabstand von
2sm zu passieren.
Drilling Platform Drill Epsilon
in Position 58-17.3N 002-
43.8E spilling oil and leaking
gas, ships in area are advised
to pass the mentioned posi-
tion with a wide berth of at
least 2nm.
39 Eiswarnung, Eisberge rund
um Belle Isle and Cape
Freels beobachtet. Mit einer
Anderung der Eissituation ist

in den nachsten 24 Stunden
nicht zu rechnen.
Ice warning. Icebergs are re-
ported in area around Belle
Isle and Cape Freels. Ice
situation is not expected to
change in the next 24 hours.
40 Auf der Position 4sm
nordwestlich von Cape Fin-
isterre sind mehrere rote
40Fu-Container gesichtet
worden, ein Container mit
der Aufschrift TEXASCON,
Schie in diesem Gebiet bitte
sorgfaltig navigieren.
In Position 4nm Northwest of
Cape Finisterre sighted sev-
eral drifting 40feet contain-
ers red painted, one con-
tainer marked with TEXAS-
CON, ships in area are re-
quested to navigate carefully.
41 Gefahrliches Wrack
lokalisiert, Dunkerque
Ansteuerung, auf Position
51-04,6N 001-52,2E, Schie
werden gebeten, groen
Abstand zu halten.
Dunkerque approach, danger-
ous wreck located in position
51-04.6N 001-52.2E, vessels
are requested to keep a wide
berth.
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42 Gefahrliches, in der Karte
nicht angegebenes Unter-
wasserhindernis, gekennze-
ichnet durch gelbe Boje mit
West-Toppzeichen, Position
53-48,3N 007-41,7E, Schi-
fahrt wird gebeten, Abstand
zu halten.
Dangerous uncharted under-
water obstruction reported in
position 53-48.3N 007-41.7E
marked by yellow buoy with
west top mark Navigation is
requested to keep a berth.
43 Motorschi Xanthippe hat
Anker und -kette verloren, auf
Position 51-25,8N 002-40,5E,
gebeten, dort nicht zu ankern
und kein Fischereigeschirr zu
nutzen.
motor vessel Xanthippe lost
anchor and chain in position
51-25.8N 002-40.5E, shipping
in this area is requested to use
neither an anchor nor shing
gear.
44 Fahrwasser zwischen Den
Helder und Den Oever ist
die Leucht- und Heultonne
MG18 als verloscht gemeldet,
die Schifahrt wird gebeten,
in diesem Gebiet vorsichtig
zu navigieren.
Fairway between Den Helder
and Den Oever light and
whistle buoy MG18 is re-
ported unlit shipping in this
area is requested to navigate
with caution.
45 Unterwasser-Kabelarbeiten
werden bis zum 16. Februar
durch Motorschi Leon
Thevesin fortgef uhrt, die
Schifahrt wird gebeten,
innerhalb eines Radius von
2sm der Position 33-55,6N
008-04,2W groen Abstand
zu halten.
Underwater cable opera-
tions by motor vessel Leon
Thevesin in progress until
February 16th, wide berth is
requested in area within 2nm
of 33-55,6N 008-04.2W.
92
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46 Englische Ostk uste. Im Nor-
den von Blyth, Windturbine
Nr. 2 ist beschadigt worden
und gefahrlich f ur die Schi-
fahrt. Alle Schie werden
angewiesen, ausreichend Ab-
stand zu halten. Eisbrecher
Odeon und Atle.
England East Coast. Blyth
northwards, No. 2 wind tur-
bine suered damaged and is
dangerous to shipping. All
vessels are advised to keep
well clear. lcebreaker Odeon
and Atle.
47 Westansteuerung Englischer
Kanal. Unterwasserarbeiten
werden ausgef uhrt in der
Nahe der Verbindungslinie
48-00N 007-15W und 48-51N
007-13W. Groer Abstand er-
beten.
Western approaches to En-
glish Channel. Underwater
operations in progress, vicin-
ity of line joining 48-00N 007-
15W and 48-51N 007-13W.
Wide berth requested.
48 Eisbrecher Odeon und Atle
assistieren im Bottnischen
Meerbusen, Ymer in der
s udlichen Bottensee und im
Kvark. Nur Schie, die
f ur die Winterschifahrt (Eis-
fahrt) geeignet sind, konnen
mit der Hilfe der Eisbrecher
rechnen
lcebreaker Odeon and Atle as-
sist in northern Bay of Both-
nia, Ymer in Southern Bay
of Bothnia and the Quark.
Only vessels suitable for win-
ter navigation can expect ice-
breaker assistance.
49 Navigationswarnung Nr. 64,
130915 UTC Februar: Ein
groes B undel Schnittholz
treibt im Verkehrstrennungs-
gebiet der Deutschen Bucht
auf Position 53-47,4N 006-
11,1E. Aufhebung der Navi-
gationswarnung 131100 UTC.
Navigational warning No. 64,
130951 UTC Feb: Ger-
man Bight trac separa-
tion scheme large package of
timber drifting in 53-47.4N
006-11,1E. At 131100 UTC
Feb navigational warning can-
celled.
93
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50

Ostlicher Kanal, Strae von
Dover, s udliche Nordsee,
zahlreiche Baumstamme
(Lange 7m, Durchmesser
0,40 m) treiben von Le
Havre bis zur belgischen
K uste. Die Stamme treiben
nach Norden in die s udliche
Nordsee. Die Schifahrt wird
halten und jede Beobachtung
Oostende Radio zu melden.
Eastern Channel, Dover
Strait, southern North Sea,
numerous trunks (length 7m,
diameter 0,40 m) reported
adrift from Le Havre to the
Belgian coast. Drifting north
into the southern North Sea.
Shipping is requested to keep
a sharp lookout and report
any sighting to Oostend
radio.
51 Westliche Ostsee.
Verkehrstrennungsgebiet
s udlich von Gedser Aus-
tausch der Betonnung der
Tiefenwasserlinie und des
Verkehrstrennungsgebi-
etes ist laut Nachrichten f ur
Seefahrer 41/01 durchgef uhrt
worden, beachte ebenfalls
die Danischen Nautischen
Warnnachrichten 10/02.
Westem Baltic. Trac
separation scheme south of
Gedser. Changes of buoy-
age of deep water lane and
trac separation scheme ac-
cording to German notices to
mariners 41/01 has been car-
ried out, see also Danish nav-
igational waming 10/02.
52 Aalandsee. Leuchttonne
Troeskeln Vaestra auf Posi-
tion 59-39,58N 019-51,72E
zerstort. Unter Wasser-
Hindernisse unter der Wasser-
oberache. Die Ost-Kardinal
Tonne wurde ostlich der Hin-
dernisse verankert. Groen
Abstand halten.
Sea of Aaland. Light bouy
Troeskeln Vaestra position
59-39.58N 019-51.72E de-
stroyed. Underwater ob-
structions left below surface.
East cardinal light buoy es-
tablished east of the obstruc-
tions. Wide berth is re-
quested.
94
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15.2 Weather
Bf wind force SS state of sea
0 calm 0 calm-glassy
1 light air 1 calm-rippled
2 light breeze 2 smooth wavelets
3 gentle breeze
4 moderate breeze 3 slight
5 fresh breeze 4 moderate
6 strong breeze 5 rough
7 near gale 6 very rough
8 gale 7 high
9 strong gale
10 storm 8 very high
11 violent storm 9 phenomenal
12 hurricane
distance visibility
40km excellent
20km very good
10km good
4km moderate
2km poor
1km very poor
500m moderate fog
200m fog
50m thick fog
<50m dense fog
95
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15.3 Vessel
vessel cargo vessel Frachtschi
mercant vessel Handelsschi
motor vessel Motorschi
passenger vessel Fahrgastschi
sailing vessel Segelschi
towing vessel Schleppendes Schi
tug Schlepper
boat pleasure boat Sportboot
small craft Kleinfahrzeug (< 24m)
bow ahead Bug / vorne
stern astern Heck / hinten
port(side) Backbord
star(board) Steuerbord
abeam querab
draught Tiefgang
air draught Hohe
master Kapitan
shipmaster Schisf uhrer
96
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15.4 Vocabulary
anticyclone; Antizyklone (=Hoch)
approach; Ansteuerung
approximate; annahernd
appropriate; scheinbar
avoid; vermeiden
azimut; horizontal
backing; r uckdrehend (Nordhal-
bkugel li)
bank; (Sand) Bank
barrel; Fass
basin; (Hafen) Becken
beacon; Bake (Marke)
bearing; Peilung
berth; Breite, Liegeplatz
bell; Glocke
bounded; begrenzt
bow; Bug
buoy; Tonne
button; Taste
breaker; Brecher, Damm
bridge; Br ucke
cable; Kabel
call; Anruf
callsign; Rufzeichen
cancel; aufheben
capsize; kentern
cargo; Ladung
carrier; Trager
chain; Kette
channel; Durchfahrt, Kanal
chart; (See) Karte
chart datum; Kartenbezugssystem
check; pr ufen
claudy; bewolkt
clearance; Durchfahrtshohe
coast; K uste
coastguard; K ustenwache
collision; Zusammensto, Kollision
course; Kurs, Richtung
crew; Besatzung
cyclone; Zyklone (Tief)
decrease; abnehmen
depression; Tiefdruckgebiet
disabled; manovrierunfahig
distress; Seenot
ditched; notgewassert
drag; baggern
draft; Tiefgang
drift; treiben
drizzle; Nieselregen
elevation; vertikal
establish; aufnehmen, einrichten
fair; heiter, schon
fairway; Fahrwasser
oat; (auf)schwimmen
ooding; (Flutung), Wassereinbruch
gale; Sturm
grave; ernst
grounding; Grundber uhrung
growler; kleiner Eisberg
gust; Boe
97
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hail; Hagel
hatch; Luke
heading; Kurs
high; Hoch
hold; Laderaum
hull; Rumpf
immediate; sofort
imminent; unmittelbar
inadvertent; unabsichtilich
increase; zunehmen
inshore; K ustenzone
investigate; unterst utzen
isolated; vereinzelt
leak; Leck
lifebaot; Rettungsboot
lifejacket; Rettungsweste
liferaft; Rettungsinsel
lightvessel; Feuerschi
lighthouse; Leuchtturm
list; Schlagseite
low; Tief
mainly; uberwiegend
making water; Wassereinbruch
marked; bezeichnet, markiert
master; Kapitan
matcher; Antennentuner
merchant; Handel
message; Nachricht
mist; Dunst
moderate; maig
navigate; fahren
observe; beobachten
occasional; vereinzelt
oshore; seewarts
o station; vertrieben
overcast; bedeckt
peer; Pier
pilot; Lotse
piracy; Piraterie
pontoon; Schwimmsteg
poor; schlecht
port; Hafen, Backbord
procedure; Abwicklung, Vorgangsweise
proceeding; fortsetzen
prohibited; verboten
radio; Funk
radiolog; Funktagebuch
recommand; Empfehlung
relay; Weiterleitung
report; Meldung
require; erfordern
request; erbitten
rescue; Rettung
restricted; eingeschrankt
robbery; Rauberei
rudder; Ruder
saftey; Sicherheit
salvage; Bergung
scan; durchsuchen
seaarea; Seegebiet
seacock; Seeventil
sealetter; Seefunktelgramm
98
www.gantioler.at
seriosly; schwer
shifting; drehen, bewegen
shipmaster; Schisf uhrer
shipping; Schiahrt
shore; Ufer, Land
squall; Schwall, Sturmboe
squelch; Eingangspegelbegrenzer
standby; bereithalten
star(board); Steuerbord
stationary; stationar
steer; Steuer
stern; Heck
storm; Sturm
strait; Wasserstrae
subcarrier; Hilfstrager
submerged; unter Wasser
superstructure; Aufbauten
survivial; uberleben
synopsis; Wetterlage,

Ubersicht
temporarily; zeitweise
thunderstorm; Gewitter
thunder; Donner
tiller; Pinne
towing; schleppen
transitting; passieren
trough; Tiefdruck-Trog
trunk; (Baum-)Stamm
tug; Schlepper
tune; abstimmen
unconsicsious; ohnmachtig
underway; (unterwegs) in Fahrt
undened; nicht bezeichnet
undesignated; unbestimmt
unlit; erloschen
urgent; dringend
variation; Missweisung
veering; drehend (Nordhalbkugel
rechts)
vessel; Wasserfahrzeug, Dampf-
schi
violent; orkanartig
visibility; Sicht
watch; Wache
wharf; Werft
wheel; Rad
whistle; heulen, Pfeife
wreck; Wrack
Electropedia
www.electropedia.org
LEO www.leo.org
Paul Hemetsberger
www.dict.cc
99
www.gantioler.at
16 Identications
16.1 MID
000-199 (not used)
201 Albania
202 Andorra
203 Austria
204 Azores
205 Belgium
206 Belarus
207 Bulgaria
208 Vatican
209-210 Cyprus
211 Germany
212 Cyprus
213 Georgia
214 Moldova
215 Malta
216 Armenia
218 Germany
219-220 Denmark
224-225 Spain
226-228 France
230 Finland
231 Faroe Islands
232-235 United Kingdom
236 Gibraltar
237 Greece
238 Croatia
239-240 Greece
242 Morocco
243 Hungary
244-246 Netherlands
247 Italy
248-249 Malta
250 Ireland
251 Iceland
252 Liechtenstein
253 Luxembourg
254 Monaco
255 Madeira
256 Malta
257-259 Norway
261 Poland
263 Portugal
264 Romania
265-266 Sweden
267 Slovak Republic
268 San Marino
269 Switzerland
270 Czech Republic
271 Turkey
272 Ukraine
273 Russian Federation
274 Yugoslav, Macedonia
275 Latvia
276 Estonia
277 Lithuania
278 Slovenia
279 Serbia and Montenegro
301 Anguilla
303 Alaska
304 Antigua and Barbuda
100
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306 Netherlands Antilles
307 Aruba
308-309 Bahamas
310 Bermuda
311 Bahamas
312 Belize
314 Barbados
316 Canada
319 Cayman Islands
321 Costa Rica
323 Cuba
325 Dominica
327 Dominican Republic
329 Guadeloupe
330 Grenada
331 Greenland
332 Guatemala
334 Honduras
336 Haiti
338 USA
339 Jamaica
341 Saint Kitts and Nevis
343 Saint Lucia
345 Mexico
347 Martinique
348 Montserrat
350 Nicaragua
351-357 Panama
358 Puerto Rico
359 El Salvador
361 Saint Pierre,Miquelon
362 Trinidad, Tobago
364 Turks, Caicos
366-369 USA
371 Panama
375-377 St Vincent, Grenad.
378 Brit. Virgin Islands
379 US Virgin Islands
401 Afghanistan
403 Saudi Arabia
405 Bangladesh
408 Bahrain
410 Bhutan
412-413 China
416 Taiwan
417 Sri Lanka
419 India
422 Iran
423 Azerbaijani
425 Iraq
428 Israel
431-432 Japan
434 Turkmenistan
436 Kazakhstan
437 Uzbekistan
438 Jordan
440-441 Korea
443 Palestinian Authority
445 Republic of Korea
447 Kuwait
450 Lebanon
453 Macao
455 Maldives
457 Mongolia
459 Nepal
461 Oman
463 Pakistan
466 Qatar
101
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468 Syrian
470 United Arab Emirates
473-475 Yemen
477 Hongkong
501 Adelie Land
503 Australia
506 Myanmar
508 Brunei Darussalam
510 Micronesia
511 Palau
512 New Zealand
514-515 Cambodia
516 Christmas Island
518 Cook Islands
520 Fiji
523 Cocos
525 Indonesia
529 Kiribati
531 Lao
533 Malaysia
536 Northern Mariana Is.
538 Marshall Islands
540 New Caledonia
542 Niue
544 Nauru
546 French Polynesia
548 Philippines
553 Papua New Guinea
555 Pitcairn Island
557 Solomon Islands
559 American Samoa
561 Samoa
563-564 Singapore
567 Thailand
570 Tonga
572 Tuvalu
574 Viet Nam
576 Vanuatu
578 Wallis, Futuna Is.
601 South Africa
603 Angola
605 Algeria
607 St Paul, Amsterdam Is.
608 Ascension Island
609 Burundi
610 Benin
611 Botswana
612 Central Africa
613 Cameroon
615 Congo
616 Comoros
617 Cape Verde
618 Crozet Archipelago
619 Cote dIvoire
621 Djibouti
622 Egypt
624 Ethiopia
625 Eritrea
626 Gabonese Republic
627 Ghana
629 Gambia
630 Guinea-Bissau
631 Equatorial Guinea
632 Guinea
633 Burkina Faso
634 Kenya
102
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635 Kerguelen Islands
636-637 Liberia
642 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
644 Lesotho
645 Mauritius
647 Madagascar
649 Mali
650 Mozambique
654 Mauritania
655 Malawi
656 Niger
657 Nigeria
659 Namibia
660 Reunion
661 Rwandese Republic
662 Sudan
663 Senegal
664 Seychelles
665 Saint Helena
666 Somali
667 Sierra Leone
668 Sao Tome and Principe
669 Swaziland
670 Chad
671 Togolese Republic
672 Tunisia
674 Tanzania
675 Uganda
676 Congo
677 Tanzania
678 Zambia
679 Zimbabwe
701 Argentine Republic
710 Brazil
720 Bolivia
725 Chile
730 Colombia
735 Ecuador
740 Falkland Islands
745 Guiana
750 Guyana
755 Paraguay
760 Peru
765 Suriname
770 Uruguay
775 Venezuela
800-999 (not used)
GLAD www.itu.int
103
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16.2 Callsign series
0AA-0ZZ (nicht vergeben)
1AA-1ZZ (nicht vergeben)
2AA-2ZZ United Kingdom
3AA-3AZ Monaco
3BA-3BZ Mauritius
3CA-3CZ Equatorial Guinea
3DA-3DM Swaziland
3DN-3DZ Fiji
3EA-3FZ Panama
3GA-3GZ Chile
3HA-3UZ China
3VA-3VZ Tunisia
3WA-3WZ Viet Nam
3XA-3XZ Guinea
3YA-3YZ Norway
3ZA-3ZZ Poland
4AA-4CZ Mexico
4DA-4IZ Philippines
4JA-4KZ Azerbaijan
4LA-4LZ Georgia
4MA-4MZ Venezuela
4NA-4OZ Serbia, Montenegro
4PA-4SZ Sri Lanka
4TA-4TZ Peru
4UA-4UZ United Nations
4VA-4VZ Haiti
4WA-4WZ Timor-Leste
4XA-4XZ Israel
4YA-4YZ ICAO
4ZA-4ZZ Israel
5AA-5AZ Libyan
5BA-5BZ Cyprus
5CA-5GZ Morocco
5HA-5IZ Tanzania
5JA-5KZ Colombia
5LA-5MZ Liberia
5NA-5OZ Nigeria
5PA-5QZ Denmark
5RA-5SZ Madagascar
5TA-5TZ Mauritania
5UA-5UZ Niger
5VA-5VZ Togolese
5WA-5WZ Samoa
5XA-5XZ Uganda
5YA-5ZZ Kenya
6AA-6BZ Egypt
6CA-6CZ Syrian
6DA-6JZ Mexico
6KA-6NZ Korea
6OA-6OZ Somali
6PA-6SZ Pakistan
6TA-6UZ Sudan
6VA-6WZ Senegal
6XA-6XZ Madagascar
6YA-6YZ Jamaica
6ZA-6ZZ Liberia
7AA-7IZ Indonesia
7JA-7NZ Japan
104
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7OA-7OZ Yemen
7PA-7PZ Lesotho
7QA-7QZ Malawi
7RA-7RZ Algeria
7SA-7SZ Sweden
7TA-7YZ Algeria
7ZA-7ZZ Saudi Arabia
8AA-8IZ Indonesia
8JA-8NZ Japan
8OA-8OZ Botswana
8PA-8PZ Barbados
8QA-8QZ Maldives
8RA-8RZ Guyana
8SA-8SZ Sweden
8TA-8YZ India
8ZA-8ZZ Saudi Arabia
9AA-9AZ Croatia
9BA-9DZ Iran
9EA-9FZ Ethiopia
9GA-9GZ Ghana
9HA-9HZ Malta
9IA-9JZ Zambia
9KA-9KZ Kuwait
9LA-9LZ Sierra Leone
9MA-9MZ Malaysia
9NA-9NZ Nepal
9OA-9TZ Congo
9UA-9UZ Burundi
9VA-9VZ Singapore
9WA-9WZ Malaysia
9XA-9XZ Rwandese
9YA-9ZZ Trinidad, Tobago
A2A-A2Z Botswana
A3A-A3Z Tonga
A4A-A4Z Oman
A5A-A5Z Bhutan
A6A-A6Z Arab Emirates
A7A-A7Z Qatar
A8A-A8Z Liberia
A9A-A9Z Bahrain
AAA-ALZ USA
AMA-AOZ Spain
APA-ASZ Pakistan
ATA-AWZ India
AXA-AXZ Australia
AYA-AZZ Argentine
BAA-BZZ China
C2A-C2Z Nauru
C3A-C3Z Andorra
C4A-C4Z Cyprus
C5A-C5Z Gambia
C6A-C6Z Bahamas
C7A-C7Z WMO
C8A-C9Z Mozambique
CAA-CEZ Chile
CFA-CKZ Canada
CLA-CMZ Cuba
CNA-CNZ Morocco
COA-COZ Cuba
CPA-CPZ Bolivia
CQA-CUZ Portugal
CVA-CXZ Uruguay
CYA-CZZ Canada
105
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D2A-D3Z Angola
D4A-D4Z Cape Verde
D5A-D5Z Liberia
D6A-D6Z Comoros
D7A-D9Z Korea
DAA-DRZ Germany
DSA-DTZ Korea
DUA-DZZ Philippines
E2A-E2Z Thailand
E3A-E3Z Eritrea
E4A-E4Z Palestinian
E5A-E5Z Cook Islands
EAA-EHZ Spain
EIA-EJZ Ireland
EKA-EKZ Armenia
ELA-ELZ Liberia
EMA-EOZ Ukraine
EPA-EQZ Iran
ERA-ERZ Moldova
ESA-ESZ Estonia
ETA-ETZ Ethiopia
EUA-EWZ Belarus
EXA-EXZ Kyrgyz
EYA-EYZ Tajikistan
EZA-EZZ Turkmenistan
FAA-FZZ France
GAA-GZZ United Kingdom
H2A-H2Z Cyprus
H3A-H3Z Panama
H4A-H4Z Solomon Islands
H6A-H7Z Nicaragua
H8A-H9Z Panama
HAA-HAZ Hungary
HBA-HBZ Switzerland
HCA-HDZ Ecuador
HEA-HEZ Switzerland
HFA-HFZ Poland
HGA-HGZ Hungary
HHA-HHZ Haiti
HIA-HIZ Dominican Rep.
HJA-HKZ Colombia
HLA-HMZ Korea
HNA-HNZ Iraq
HOA-HPZ Panama
HQA-HRZ Honduras
HSA-HSZ Thailand
HTA-HTZ Nicaragua
HUA-HUZ El Salvador
HVA-HVZ Vatican
HWA-HYZ France
HZA-HZZ Saudi Arabia
IAA-IZZ Italy
J2A-J2Z Djibouti
J3A-J3Z Grenada
J4A-J4Z Greece
J5A-J5Z Guinea-Bissau
J6A-J6Z Saint Lucia
J7A-J7Z Dominica
J8A-J8Z St. Vincent, Grenad.
JAA-JSZ Japan
JTA-JVZ Mongolia
JWA-JXZ Norway
JYA-JYZ Jordan
JZA-JZZ Indonesia
106
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KAA-KZZ USA
L2A-L9Z Argentine
LAA-LNZ Norway
LOA-LWZ Argentine
LXA-LXZ Luxembourg
LYA-LYZ Lithuania
LZA-LZZ Bulgaria
MAA-MZZ United Kingdom
NAA-NZZ USA
OAA-OCZ Peru
ODA-ODZ Lebanon
OEA-OEZ Austria
OFA-OJZ Finland
OKA-OLZ Czech
OMA-OMZ Slovak
ONA-OTZ Belgium
OUA-OZZ Denmark
P2A-P2Z Papua New Guinea
P3A-P3Z Cyprus
P4A-P4Z Aruba
P5A-P9Z Korea
PAA-PIZ Netherlands
PJA-PJZ Netherl. Antilles
PKA-POZ Indonesia
PPA-PYZ Brazil
PZA-PZZ Suriname
RAA-RZZ Russia
S2A-S3Z Bangladesh
S5A-S5Z Slovenia
S6A-S6Z Singapore
S7A-S7Z Seychelles
S8A-S8Z South Africa
S9A-S9Z Sao Tome, Principe
SAA-SMZ Sweden
SNA-SRZ Poland
SSA-SSM Egypt
SSN-STZ Sudan
SUA-SUZ Egypt
SVA-SZZ Greece
T2A-T2Z Tuvalu
T3A-T3Z Kiribati
T4A-T4Z Cuba
T5A-T5Z Somali
T6A-T6Z Afghanistan
T7A-T7Z San Marino
T8A-T8Z Palau
T9A-T9Z Bosnia, Herzegovina
TAA-TCZ Turkey
TDA-TDZ Guatemala
TEA-TEZ Costa Rica
TFA-TFZ Iceland
TGA-TGZ Guatemala
THA-THZ France
TIA-TIZ Costa Rica
TJA-TJZ Cameroon
TKA-TKZ France
TLA-TLZ Central Africa
TMA-TMZ France
TNA-TNZ Congo
TOA-TQZ France
TRA-TRZ Gabonese
TSA-TSZ Tunisia
TTA-TTZ Chad
107
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TUA-TUZ Cote d Ivoire
TVA-TXZ France
TYA-TYZ Benin
TZA-TZZ Mali
UAA-UIZ Russian Federation
UJA-UMZ Uzbekistan
UNA-UQZ Kazakhstan
URA-UZZ Ukraine
V2A-V2Z Antigua, Barbuda
V3A-V3Z Belize
V4A-V4Z Saint Kitts, Nevis
V5A-V5Z Namibia
V6A-V6Z Micronesia
V7A-V7Z Marshall Islands
V8A-V8Z Brunei Darussalam
VAA-VGZ Canada
VHA-VNZ Australia
VOA-VOZ Canada
VPA-VQZ United Kingdom
VRA-VRZ Hongkong
VSA-VSZ United Kingdom
VTA-VWZ India
VXA-VYZ Canada
VZA-VZZ Australia
WAA-WZZ USA
XAA-XIZ Mexico
XJA-XOZ Canada
XPA-XPZ Denmark
XQA-XRZ Chile
XSA-XSZ China
XTA-XTZ Burkina Faso
XUA-XUZ Cambodia
XVA-XVZ Viet Nam
XWA-XWZ Lao
XXA-XXZ Macao
XYA-XZZ Myanmar
Y2A-Y9Z Germany
YAA-YAZ Afghanistan
YBA-YHZ Indonesia
YIA-YIZ Iraq
YJA-YJZ Vanuatu
YKA-YKZ Syrian
YLA-YLZ Latvia
YMA-YMZ Turkey
YNA-YNZ Nicaragua
YOA-YRZ Romania
YSA-YSZ El Salvador
YTA-YUZ Serbia, Montenegro
YVA-YYZ Venezuela
YZA-YZZ Serbia, Montenegro
Z2A-Z2Z Zimbabwe
Z3A-Z3Z Macedonia
ZAA-ZAZ Albania
ZBA-ZJZ United Kingdom
ZKA-ZMZ New Zealand
ZNA-ZOZ United Kingdom
ZPA-ZPZ Paraguay
ZQA-ZQZ United Kingdom
ZRA-ZUZ South Africa
ZVA-ZZZ Brazil
GLAD www.itu.int
108
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17 Maritime Radio Equipment
17.1 Manufacturer
Examples of manufacturers of maritime radio equipment.
17.1.1 EPIRB
ACR www.acrelectronics.com
GME www.gme.net.au
McMurdo www.mcmurdo.co.uk
Global-C www.navtec.de
Vector www.nationalrf.com
Tron www.jotron.com
SeaMarshall www.seamarshall.com
Kanad www.serpe-iesm.com
Standguard www.stanguard.com
17.1.2 MES
Furuno www.furuno.com
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
Thrane & Thrane Sailor www.thrane.com
17.1.3 NAVTEX
Frisnit www.frisnit.com
ICS www.icselectronics.co.uk
ISY www.isy-gmbh.de
JMC www.japan-marina.co.jp
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
Morer www.moerer.de
Nasa www.nasamarine.com
Trapp www.navtex.de
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17.1.4 RT DSC
Alan www.alan-germany.com
Barret www.barrettcommunications.com.au
Cobra www.cobra.com
DEBEG www.sam-electronics.de
Hagenuk Skanti www.hdw-hagenuk.de
ICOM www.icomeurope.com
JMC www.japan-marina.co.jp
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
M-Tech www.pony-electric.co.jp
Plastimo www.plastimo.de
President www.president-electronics.com
Raymarine www.raymarine.com
Ross www.l-3com.com
Sailor www.thrane.com
SAM Electronics DEBEG www.stnatlas.nl
Samyung www.samyungenc.com
Silva www.silva.se
Simrad www.simradyachting.com
Standard www.standardhorizon.com
Thrane & Thrane Sailor www.thrane.com
Uniden www.uniden.com
17.1.5 SART
ACR www.acrelectronics.com
Tron www.jotron.com
Samyung www.samyungenc.com
Simrad www.simrad.com
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17.2 Simulator
Boatdriver www.boatdriver.ch
COAA www.coaa.co.uk
e-GOC www.e-goc.com
HB9RXC hb9rxc.tripod.com
IC-Soft www-ic-soft.info
Mercator www.mercator-publishing.com
Transas www.transas.com
TransOceana www.transoceana.com
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18 Abbreviations
AAIC Accounting Authority Identication Code
AC Alternating Current
AF Audio Frequency (=NF)
Ah Amperestunden
AIS Automatic Identication System
ALRS Admirality List of Radio Signals
AM Amplitudenmodulation
AORE Atlantic Ocean Region Est
AORW Atlantic Ocean Region West
ARQ Automatic Reception Request
ASM At Sea Maintainance
BAKOM Bundesamt f ur Kommunikation
BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator
BIC Beacon Identication Code
BMVIT Bundesministerium f ur Verkehr, Innovation
und Technologie
BNetzA Bundes Netzagentur
BRT Bruttoregistertonne (12ft
3
= 2,83m
3
= GRT)
BRZ Bruttoraumzahl (BRT * Bewertungsfaktor)
BSH Bundesamt f ur Seeschifahrt und Hydrograe
CES Coast Earth Stations (=LES)
CG Coast Guard
COG Course Over Ground
COLREG Collision Regulations (=KVR)
COMSAR Communication SAR
COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov
CQ all stations
CS Coast Station
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DC Direct Current
DE this is
DGPS Dierential GPS
DGzRS Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schibr uchiger
DMG Distress Message Generator
DMYV Deutscher Motor-Yacht Verband
DNIC Data Network Identication Code
DOE Duplication Of Equipment
DSC Digital Selective Calling
DSV Deutscher Segler-Verband
DTG Date and Time Group DDHHMM
DW Dual Watch
DX long distance
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System
EGC Enhanced Group Call
EHF Extra High Frequency
ELF Extreme Low Frequency
ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
ENID EGC Network Identication code
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETE Estimated Time Enroute
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
FEC Forward Error Correction
FM Frequenzmodulation
FMB Fernmeldebehorde
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FZG Funker-Zeugnisgesetz
FZGV Funker-Zeugnisgesetz Geb uhrenverordnung
FZV Funker-Zeugnis Durchf uhrungsverordnung
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GEOSAR Geostationary Earth Orbit Search And Rescue
GFR Goldfranken
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GOC General Operator Certication
GPS Global Positioning System
GRT Gross ton (=BRT)
GW Grenzwelle (=MF)
HF High Frequency (=KW)
IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime
Search and Rescue
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
IHO International Hydrographic Organisation
IMN INMARSAT Mobile Number
IMO International Maritime Organization
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
IOR Indic Ocean Region
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISSV Internationals Schis-Sicherheits Vertrag (=SOLAS)
ITU International Telecommunication Union (=UIT)
JachtZulVO Jachtzulassungsverordnung
KVR Kollisionsverh utungsregeln (=COLREG)
KW Kurzwelle (=HF)
LEOSAR Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue
LES Land Earth Station (=CES)
LF Low Frequency (=LW)
LORAN Long Range Navigation
LRC Long Range Certication
LSB Lower Side Band
LUT Local User Terminal
LW Langwelle (=LF)
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MARS Maritime moblie Access and Retrieval System
MAYDAY RT distress signal
MCC Mission Control Centre
MCA Maritime and Coastguard Agency
MES Mobile Earth Station (=SES)
MF Medium Frequenzy (=MW)
MID Maritim Identication Digit
MSN Mercant Shipping Notice
MW Mittelwelle (=MF)
MARS Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System
MOB Man Over Board
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identify
MPDS Mobile Packet Data Service
MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
MRSC Maritime Rescue Sub Centre
MSI Maritime Safty Information
NAVAREA Navigational Area
NAVTEX Naval Telex
NBDP Narrow Band Direct Printing
NF Niederfrequenz
NOAA National Oceanic & Athmospheric Administration
NX navigational information
OCC Operation Control Centre
OSB Oberste Schifahrts Behorde
OSC On-Scene Commander
PAN PAN RT urgency signal
PLB Personal Locator Beacon
PM Phasenmodulation
POB Person Over Board
POR Pazic Ocean Region
PSDN Public Switched Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTT Push To Talk
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RADAR Radio Aided Detection And Ranging
RCC Rescue Co-ordination Centre
RDF Radio Direction Finding
ROC Restricted Operator Certication
RR Radio Regulations (=VOFunk)
RRR Received Mayday
RT Radio Telephone
RTE Radar Target Enhancer
RTTY Radio Tele TYping
RX Receiver
SA Selective Availability
SAC Special Access Code
SAR Search And Rescue
SARSAT Search And Rescue Satellit Aided Tracking
SART Search And Rescue Transponder
SATCOM Satellite Communication
SBM Shore Based Maintainance
SDR Spezial Drawing Right (=SZR)
SECURITE RT safety signal
SES Ship Earth Station (=MES)
SHF Super High Frequency
SOG Speed Over Ground
SOS Safe Our Souls
SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea (=ISSV)
SQ Squelch
SRC Short Range Certication
SS Ship Station
SSB Single Side Band
STCW Standards of Training, Certication
and Watchkeeping of seafarers
SZR Sonderziehungsrechte (=SDR)
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TKG Telekommunikationsgesetz
TKGV Telekommunikationsgeb uhrenverordnung
TL Trac List
TR Travel Report
TSS Trac Separtion Scheme (=VTG)
TX Transmitter
UBI Deutsches UKW Binnenfunkzeugnis
UBZ UKW Betriebzeugnis
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UIT Union Internationale des Telecommunications (=ITU)
UKW Ultrakurzwelle (=VHF)
UN United Nations
USB Upper Side Band
USCG United States Coast Guard
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
VC Volume Control
VDU Video Display Unit
VFO Variable Frequency Oszillator
VHF Very High Frequency (=UKW)
VLF Very Low Frequency
VTG Verkehrstrennungsgebiet (=TSS)
VTS Vessel Trac Service
VOFunk Vollzugsordnung f ur den Funkdienst (=RR)
WMO World Meteorological Oranisation
WWNWS World Wide Navigational Warning Service
WX weather information
ZX Zeitinformation
117

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