Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation

Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 1 Science Form 4

[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
SCIENCE
FORM 4
MODULE 2
MODUL KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK
TERENGGANU TERBILANG 2007
PROGRAMPRAPEPERIKSAAN SPM
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 2 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
HEREDITY AND VARIATION
1 The process to produce gametes is
A Mitosis
B Meiosis
C Mutation
D Fertilization
2 The chromosomes present in the male skin cells are
A 22 + X
B 22 + Y
C 44 + XX
D 44 + XY
3 In a cross-breed of red (M) and white (m) peanuts, it is found that 50% of the seedlings
produced in the first generation are red. It is also known that gene M is dominant. What is
the genetic pairing carried by the red and white parent trees?
Red parent White parent
A MM Mm
B Mm mm
C Mm Mm
D MM mm
4 Which of the following is the correct sequence of the mitosis stages?
A
B
C
D
5 Which of the following statements is correct about mitosis?
A Involved in growth
B Involves all type of cells
C Halves the number of chromosomes
D Genetic contents of daughter cells and parent cells are different
R
R
T
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 3 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
6 The diagram shows the different phases in cell division in meiosis.
Which is the correct sequence in meiosis?
A P,Q,R,S
B Q,R,P,S
C R,P,S,Q
D S,P,R,Q
7 Diagram 1 shows the inheritance of height in a type of plant.
What is the ratio of the number of tall young plants to the number of dwarf young plants in
the filial generation?
A 1 : 0
B 1 : 1
C 1 : 3
D 3 : 1
Aa Aa
Tall Tall X
A a A a
AA Aa Aa aa
Parents
Gametes
Filial
generation
Meiosis
Fertilization
Key
A Tall dominan gene
a Dwarf recessive gene
DIAGRAM 1
P Q
R
S
T
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 4 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
8 The diagram shows a first generation of cross breeding of two mice.
H - Represents the dominant genes for black fur.
H - Represents recessive genes for white fur.
What are the genes for the parents?
Male Female
A HH Hh
B HH hh
C Hh hh
D hh Hh
9 Ghulam Ahmad and Ghulam Ahmed are identical twins. Ghulam Ahmad is brought up in
Malaysia by his parents. Ghulam Ahmed is brought up in Pakistan by his grand parents.
They may be different in
A Weight
B Blood group
C Type of earlobe
D The ability to roll the tongue
10 A spontaneous change in a chromosome or gene which results in the change of genotype
and phenotype of a cell or an organism is called
Mitosis
B meiosis
C mutation
D monohybrid
Male Female
X
Parents
First generation
T
S
R
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 5 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
11 The picture shows children with Downs syndrome.
What caused Downs syndrome?
A Gene mutation
B Chromosome which is not sufficient
C Recessive gene in sex chromosome
D Presence of 47 chromosomes in the body
12 The following are the characteristics of a patient of disease Y.
What is disease Y?
A Albinism
B Colour blindness
C Turners syndrome
D Klinefelters syndrome
13 Which of the following is caused by gene mutation?
A Colour blindness
B Downs syndrome
C Turners syndrome
D Klinefelters syndrome
14 Which of the following is an example of a continuous variation?
A Blood group
B Body Height
C Type of ear lobe
D Ability to roll the tongue
15 Which of the following is an example of a discontinuous variation?
A Height
B Skin colour
C Blood group
D Body weight
Female
Sex chromosome is XO
Lack of secondary sexual
characteristics
R
S
R
R
R
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 6 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
16 The graph shows an example of variation among the pupil in a class.
Another example of the same type of variation is
A Type of hair
B Blood group
C Body weight
D Type of earlobe
17 The differences between individuals in a family is referred to
A Hybrids
B Variation
C Genetics
D Segregation
18 If a colour blind woman marries a man who is normal,
A All their children will be normal
B All their sons will be colour blind
C Their son will be a colour blind carrier
D All their daughters will be colour blind
19 The diagram 3 shows a fertilization process and produce a female baby.
DIAGRAM 3
Choose the correct match between genetic of sperm and ovum.
Sperm Ovum
A 44 + XX 44 + XY
B 44 + X 44 + X
C 22 + Y 22 + X
D 22 + X 22 + X
Sperm
Ovum
S
R
T
R
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 7 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
20 Two tall pea plants(TT x Tt) are cross-bred. What is the probability of a tall plant being
produced?
A
4
1
C
4
3
B
2
1
D 1
Structure
1. The height of students in a class is measured. The data obtained is shown below.
TABLE 1
(a) Based on the data given in Table 1, complete Table 2.
Height of students / cm 146 150 151 155 156 160 161 165 166 - 170
Number of students
TABLE 2
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the table 2, draw a histogram of number of students against height.
Height of students / cm
154 160 156 147 153 168 152
160 159 166 155 157 163 158
167 165 156 158 162 159 154
159 168 163 156 152 157 157
15
10
5
146 - 150 151 - 155 156- 160 161- 165 166 - 170
Height/cm
Number of students
T
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 8 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
[2 marks]
(c) Based on the graph in 1(b), state the type of variation shown by the height.

[1 mark]
2 Diagram1 shows four stages of cell division.
DIAGRAM 1
(a) Name the type of cell division in the Diagram1.

[1 mark]
(b) In female, where this cell division occurs?

[1 mark]
(c) If cell A have 4 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do the daughter cell have?

[1 mark]
(d) State two of the importance of this cell division.

[2 marks]
S
S
S
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 9 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
3 Diagram2 shows the inheritance of hair type.
(a) Complete the above Diagram2.
[2 marks]
(b) What is the process Q?

[1 mark]
(c) What is the ratio of the daughter with curly hair to the straight hair?

[1 mark]
(d) What is the meaning of the dominant gene?

[1 mark]
Hh hh
Father (Curly hair) Mother (Straight hair) X
h h
hh hh
Parents
Gametes
Filial
generation
Meiosis
Process Q
Key
H Dominant genes curly hair
h Recessive genes straight hair
DIAGRAM 2
S
S
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 10 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
4. Diagram3 shows the type of ear lobes that can be inherited by a child from his or her parents.
DIAGRAM 3
(a) Name the type of variation shown in Diagram 3.

[1 mark]
(b) Give another example of the same type of variation mentioned in (a).

[1 mark]
(c) What factor influences the above variation?

[1 mark]
(d) Write down each childs pair of genes in the boxes provided in Figure 3.
[2 marks]
(e) Based on Diagram 3, Which type of ear lobe is dominant?

[1 mark]
Father
(Free ear lobes )
Mother
(Attached ear lobes )
tt TT
X
Child
S
S
S
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 11 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
5 There are two types of twins. Diagram 4 shows the formation of twins.
DIAGRAM 4
(a) (i) State the type of twins produced in Diagram 4.

(ii) Explain your answer in (a) (i).

[2 marks]
(b) If the sex genes of both sperms are XY, what are the sexes of the twins?

[1 mark]
(c) State one of the physical characteristic of the twins in (a).

[1 mark]
(d) State another type twins.

[1 mark]
S
S
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 12 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
6 Diagram5 shows a process which took place during meiosis.
DIAGRAM 5
(a) Name the process which took place.

[1 mark]
(b) What is produced by this process?

[1 mark]
(c) State where this process happen?

[1 mark]
(d) State one of the advantages of this process.

[1 mark]
S
S
S
S
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 13 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
Section C
1 Study the following statement;
(a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. [1 mark] / T
(b) Using the leaves that found around your school compound, describe an experiment to test
your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria;
Aim of the experiment [1 mark] / R
Identification of variables [2 marks] / S
List of apparatus [1 mark] / S
Procedure [3 mark] / S
Tabulation of data [1 mark] / R
Conclusion [1 mark] / S
2 There are two types of variation, continuous variation and discontinuous variation.
(a) Give four differences between continuous variation and discontinuous variation.
[4 marks] / S
(b) Figure 6 shows various characteristic of human being.
FIGURE 6
Study the information in figure 6 and construct the concept of continuous variation.
Your answer should be based on the following steps;
Identify the information [1 mark] / R
Identify the common characteristics [2 marks] / S
Relate the common characteristics to the continuous variation in order to construct the
initial concept [1 mark] / S
Give an example of another continuous variation and discontinuous variation
[2 marks] / R
State the actual concept of continuous variation [1 mark] / S
Variation
Height
Weight
Skin colour
The size of leaf is a continuous variation
Modul 2 : Bimbingan EMaS Chapter 3 : Heredity and Variation
Catatan : [R] Aras Rendah 14 Science Form 4
[S] Aras Sederhana
[T] Aras Tinggi
3. (a) State the importance of selective breeding.
[4 marks] / S
(b) Diagram 7 shows two type of padi produced by area A and area B.
DIAGRAM 7
Study the above information and explain how you can help the farmer to produce padi with
better quality.
Your answer should include the following;
Identify the problem [1 mark] / S
List three solving methods [3 marks] / S
Choose the best method and explain your choice [2 marks] / S
Padi A
Big in size
Less resistant to
diseases
Padi B
Ripen faster
More resistant to
diseases