REPORT ON BUBBLE GUM

By
Group Sub-Zero

Owais Ali Shah
Ahmed Salar
Mashrur Azad
Muhammad Suleiman
Hamza Riaz
Mohammad Yaqoub

Sir Sadiq Ameen
HOW GUM IS MADE
Companies manufacture chewing and bubble gums with long-lasting
flavor and dependable, uniform quality. This includes manufacturing
our gum in spotless, air-conditioned rooms and sampling all
ingredients before accepting them into any factories. After raw
ingredients are approved for quality, the first production stage
begins.

Melting
the making of gum begins by melting and purifying the gum base.

Mixing
the melted base is poured into a mixer that can hold up to one ton of ingredients.
Sweeteners and flavors are added at just the right moment and in just the right
amounts and then slowly mixed.

Rolling
From the mixers, a large "loaf" of gum is sent through a series of rollers that form
it into a thin, wide ribbon. Each pair of rollers is set closer together than the
previous pair, gradually reducing the thickness of the gum. A light coating of finely
powdered sugar or sugar substitute is added during this process to keep the gum
from sticking and to enhance flavor.

Scoring
At the end of the rolling process, the continuous ribbon of gum is then cut into a
pattern for sticks, short thicker tabs, long rolled strips or small rectangular gum
centers, depending on what type of gum is being made.

Conditioning
the scored gum is then moved to a temperature-controlled environment to cool and
ensure the finished gum will have the right consistency and stay fresh on store
shelves.

Breaking and Coating
after tempering, the gum centers are broken into individual pieces. The pieces are
then fed to a spray drier that forms the crunchy coating around the gum center.
It tumbles the pieces while a prepared syrup mixture, made of filtered water,
sweeteners, and coloring is sprayed onto the gum. This combination of tumbling and
spray coating forms a candy shell around the soft gum centers.

Wrapping
after cooling and tempering, skilled operators break the sheets of sticks up into
sections and feed them into the wrapping machine. In one continuous process, the
wrapping machine receives and wraps the sticks, in some cases applying an outer
wrapper and seals the ends of the package.


Packaging
Pellet-style gum is principally packaged by two methods. One is to place the pellets
in the formed plastic compartments of a blister pack. The package is heat sealed
with a foil backing, and inserted into a cardboard sleeve. The second method is to
line up ten pellets in a row, wrap in traditional packaging and seal both ends to
ensure freshness. For Wrigley's Hubba Bubba Bubble Tape, a ribbon of gum is
rolled up and placed in a plastic clamshell-like package.
BY: Muhammad Suleiman

PRODUCTION OF BUBBLE GUM DESCRIBED IN
A PHOTO











BY: Hamza Riaz
Some Chemistry of Chewing gum
.





















Chewing gum was made from
the latex sap of the sapodilla
tree. Some other natural bases
may be used such as, sorva and
jelutong, sometimes even
beeswax or paraffin are used.

This sap was called chicle.
Gum contains sweeteners, flavorings, and softeners.
Softeners are ingredients such as glycerin or vegetable oil that
are used to blend the other ingredients and help prevent the
gum from becoming hard or stiff.
There is a difference between chewing gum and bubble gum.
Bubble gum is made with more sweeteners and ingredients to
make it thicker so it will hold together when a bubble is blown.
Some sweeteners used are:
1. Sucralose



2. Aspartame




Sugar free Chewing Gums
Xylitol







BY: Ahmed Salar
Xylitol is used in chewing gum and in dental care. The structure of xylitol contains
a tridentate ligand, (H-C-OH)
3
that can rearrange with polyvalent cations like Ca
2+
.
This interaction allows Ca
2+
to be transported through the gut wall barrier and
through saliva may remineralize enamel before dental caries form.
THE SALT OF SATURN
Lead(II) acetate also called lead sugar
It is a white crystalline chemical compound with a sweetish taste. It is made by
treating lead (II) oxide with acetic acid.
It was used as a sweetener in chewing gum for many years but was really
dangerous as it could cause lead poisoning so its usage in foods was banned




Silver acetate
Silver acetate is a photosensitive, white crystalline solid.






It is a useful reagent in the laboratory as a water soluble source of
silver lacking an oxidizing anion. It has been used in some
antismoking drugs. In the health field, silver acetate-containing
products have been used in gum.
BY: Owais Ali Shah
Some Facts About Bubble Gum
1.100,000 tons of bubble gum is chewed every year all around the
world.
2.According to the Guinness Book of
World Records, the largest bubble ever
blown measured 23 inches in diameter!
3.It is believed that ancient Greeks found relief from stress by
chewing a gum that was made from a resin.

4.The first bubble gum ever marketed was marketed under the name
'Blibber-Blubber'.

5.The color of the first successful
bubble gum was pink because it was
the only color that was left with the
inventor.

6.Some mathematician once calculated and figured out that the
energy Americans spend every day when chewing bubble gum was
enough to light a city of ten million people.




7.In the year 1983 Singapore proposed a ban on bubble gum in all
housing projects, claiming that it cost the city SGD 75,000 per year to
clean up discarded wads.

8.By the 1940s, bubble gum had become
so popular, that it was included in the
ration kits given to U.S. Soldiers.

9.In Africa, it was said that various tribes
accepted large quantities of bubble gum
in lieu of sheep and oxen as payment for a wife. (LOL)

10.The average American chews around 300 sticks of gum in one year.

11.Richard Walker holds the world record for the Chomp Title, by
chewing 135 sticks of bubble gum for 8 hours at a stretch. The first
person to win the 'Chomp Title' was Sue Jordan, who chewed eighty
pieces of gum for all of five hours and twelve minutes!

12.The head of the Philadelphia Chewing Gum Company (who happen
to be the makers of Swell Bubble Gum), Edward L. Fenimore, has been
said to have blown a bubble within a bubble within a bubble, that is, a
triple whammy!
13. Kids in North America spend approximately half a billion dollars
on bubble gum every year.

14.Chewing bubble gum is said to keep you from crying as it reduces
stress and helps in concentration.

BY: Mashrur Azad
THE END