Linking Words For Essay

Linking words
advantages and disadvantages

the pros and cons
the pluses and minuses
positive and negative aspects

introducing arguments
-- the first argument in a paragraph
First of all,
Firstly,
*In the first place,
*To start with,
-- the second, third etc. argument
Secondly,
A second point is that
Another point is that
Also,
In addition (to this),
Another thing,
Furthermore,
What is more,
*Moreover,
-- the last argument in a paragraph
Finally,
Last but not least,
A final point is that
- starting the opposing paragraph
On the other hand,
On the minus side,
However,
*Having said that,
*While that may be true,
- introducing the conclusion (in the last paragraph)
To conclude,
In conclusion,
Overall,
*Having considered all these arguments,
*In sum,
To sum up,
On balance,
All things considered,
- stating personal opinion
to my mind
I (firmly) believe that
I feel that
I think that
*it is my belief/opinion that
it seems to me that
in my opinion/view
the way I see it
as far as I'm concerned
personally, I

- introducing a reason
because (of)
due to
owing to
*on account of
as
Since
- introducing a result
in order to
so that
so as to
As a result, / As a consequence,
The result is that
consequently
so
*therefore
*thus
, which is why
- introducing a contrasting idea
but
*whereas
while
nevertheless
nonetheless
though
although
even though
despite
in spite of
yet
then again
contrary to (that)
- introducing a similar idea
Likewise,
as well
too
- introducing an example
for example
for instance
an/another (good) example is
such as
like
- introducing a general opinion
it has been suggested that
it's obvious that
it's clear that
it could be argued that / it is argued that
some people claim/think/believe that
it seems that
there is no doubt that
undoubtedly / indisputably / undeniably / unquestionably
- introducing an explanation
namely
in other words
that is
to put it another way
furthermore, to conclude, on balance, nevertheless, likewise a da ne priam o
undoubtedly / indisputably / undeniably / unquestionably
- ne ponavljati iste izraze (npr. esti poveziva kao however jo moe prodi
dvaput tijekom eseja, no triput je stvarno previe i na tom se skidaju bodovi, a
najbolje bi bilo ako uspijete uopde ne ponavljati, upotrijebite npr. jednom first
of all a drugi put firstly...)
- ne koristiti ni previe ovih izraza, dakle ne njima zapoinjati ba svaku reenicu
- u ovu stavku povezanosti ("koherencija i kohezija") broji se i upotreba zavisno
sloenih reenica te pravilna punktuacija (toka, zarez)
Udio u cijelome ispitu: 1/3.
Sastavak se ocjenjuje prema ljestvici za ocjenjivanje koja se sastoji od etiriju
kriterija:
Izvrenje zadatka
(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Izvjetaja i sastavaka u ZEROJ-u)
Koherencija i kohezija
(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Dosljednosti i povezanosti u ZEROJ-u)
Vokabular
(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Opsega vokabulara i sposobnosti
koritenja
vokabulara u ZEROJ-u)
Gramatika
(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Gramatike ispravnosti u ZEROJ-u).
U tekstu koji slijedi objanjen je svaki od kriterija.

Izvrenje zadatka odnosi se na dva glavna elementa:
Razradba zadane teme (razvija neku temu)
Struktura (sastavak naglaavajudi bitne argumente i navodedi pojedinosti
koje
podravaju iznesena shvadanja).
Kriterij Izvrenje zadatka odgovara na pitanje je li pristupnik obavio zadatak.
Prvi element, Razradba zadane teme, odnosi se na pitanje je li pristupnik
odgovorio na sve
dijelove zadatka ili samo na neke.
Drugi element, Struktura, odnosi se na glavne misli (koliko jasno pristupnik
naglaava
glavne misli), potporu (koliko su glavne misli poduprte dokazima i primjerima) i
format
(potuje li pristupnik format sastavka koji sadri uvod, glavni dio i zakljuak).

Kriterij Koherencija i kohezija izveden je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje
Dosljednosti i
povezanosti u ZEROJ-u (2005:129).
Prema toj ljestvici korisnik:
moe rabiti ogranien broj kohezivnih sredstava kako bi svoje izriaje povezao
u jasan,
dosljedan diskurs
moe uspjeno rabiti razliite veznike kako bi jasno oznaio odnose izmeu
misli.
Koherencija se odnosi na pitanje:
Kako lako itatelj/ocjenjiva moe pratiti slijed pristupnikovih misli?
Kohezija se odnosi na pitanja:
Kako dobro pristupnik rabi kohezivna sredstava u svrhu povezivanja svojih
misli?
Kako dobro pristupnik rabi pravila o strukturiranju odlomka u svrhu
organiziranja naina
predstavljanja svojih ideja?

Vokabular se odnosi na dva glavna elementa:
raspon
tonost.
Raspon vokabulara izveden je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje Opsega
vokabulara u
ZEROJ-u (2005:115).
raspolae dovoljno bogatim vokabularom da se moe izraziti o temama iz
podruja
vlastitoga interesa i o vedini opdih tema
moe mijenjati formulaciju da bi izbjegao esto ponavljanje, no vokabularni
nedostatci
mogu izazvati zastajkivanje i parafraziranje.
Tonost vokabulara izvedena je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje
Sposobnosti
koritenja vokabulara u ZEROJ-u (2005:115).
Prema toj ljestvici kod korisnika:
ispravnost izbora vokabulara uglavnom je na visokoj razini, premda ponekad
moe dodi do
zamjene ili pogrjenoga izbora rijei, no bez zastoja u komunikaciji.

Gramatika se odnosi na dva glavna elementa:
raspon
tonost.
Raspon gramatikih struktura odnosi se na pitanje rabi li pristupnik sloene
strukture ili
se mora oslanjati na uporabu jednostavnih struktura.
Tonost gramatikih struktura izvedena je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje
Gramatike ispravnosti u ZEROJ-u (2005:117).
prilino dobro vlada gramatikom i ne pravi pogrjeke koje mogu dovesti do
nesporazuma
dobro vlada gramatikom; mogu se pojaviti povremeni previdi ili sporadine
pogrjeke te
manje netonosti u strukturi reenice, ali to se dogaa rijetko i esto se moe
naknadno
ispraviti.

Animals used in experiments for medical purposes
Oujak 30, 2011, 18:07:42
Citat:
+1
One of the questions facing society today is whether animals should
be used in scientific experimentation. some people believe there are reasons
why animal testing should be done and others believe that animal testing is
morally wrong. In these essay I would like to present arguments of both sides.
Firstly, a good thing about testing animals is that many cures for
diseases are found which helpspeople saving lives. The second point is that
these same testings aren't done on human beings and of course people don't
want to do experiments on other people, if they have animals. Finnaly, abig
concern, as always, is money becouse it's a lot cheaper to do experiments on
mice and rats than do some fancy experiments whixh demand a lot more
money.
On the oter hand, I believe that ther are more negative sides of
anumal testings than the positive ones. For instance, those poor animals suffer,
feel pain and tjat is wrong. No human life is more valuable than life of an
animal. Secondly, animals are held in awful conditions, small caves and they
will never come out of there, and experience a normal life. I believe that's
cruel. The tird point is that sometimes anima testings are conucted without the
need. For example, testings for cosmetics. There are a lot of cosmetic products
which are not tested on animals and are still good and safe for people, and that
opens a question why aren't all products like that, obviously it's possible.
In conclusion I would like to say that it's a shame that animals have to
be used for any scientific experiments. As far as I'm concerned I would do
medical testings on people who are on death row i prison becouse they did
horrible things, and would live innocent animals alone. However, until another
way is found, I can see no other way of solving problems that effect both
humans and animals. No one should be happy about this necessity and we have
to find other methods.

337 rijei

Sugestije i kritike viee nego dobrodole.
I samo da pitam ako neko zna, oduzimaju li se bodovi ako imamo previe rijei?
Za hrvatski znam da je tu automatski 0, ali dal je i z aengleski tak isto?
Prijaviti moderatoru Evidentirano

One of the questions facing society our society is facing today is
whether animals should be used in scientific experimentation. Some people
believe there are reasons why animal testing should be done and others
believe that animal testing is morally wrong. In these this essay I would like to
present arguments of both sides.
Firstly, a good thing about testing animals is that many cures for
diseases are found which helpspeople saving lives ", [zarez!] which helps
people save lives" ili "which help people save lives". The second point is that
these same testings aren't done on human beings and of course people don't
want to do experiments on other people, if they have animals. Finally, a big
concern, as always, is money because it's a lot cheaper to do experiments on
mice and rats than do some fancy experiments which demand a lot more
money.
On the other hand, I believe that ther are more negative sides of
animal testings than the positive ones. For instance, those poor animals suffer,
feel pain and that is wrong. No human life is more valuable than life of an
animal. [?! na ovaj argument] Secondly, animals are held in awful conditions,
small caves and they will never come out of there, and experience a normal
life. I believe that's cruel. The third point is that sometimes animal testings are
conducted without the need. For example, testings for cosmetics. There are a
lot of cosmetic products which are not tested on animals and are still good and
safe for people, and that opens a question why aren't all products like that,
obviously it's possible.
In conclusion I would like to say that it's a shame that animals have to
be used for any scientific experiments. As far as I'm concerned I would do
medical testings on people who are on death row in prison becouse they did
horrible things, and would live innocent animals alone. However, until another
way is found, I can see no other way of solving problems that effect both
humans and animals. No one should be happy about this necessity and we have
to find other methods.

Adult children living at home
Travanj 04, 2011, 21:36:23
Citat:
+2
People have divided feelings about adult children living at home. While
some point out how good it is for the whole family, others believe that they are
lazy and irresponsible. They think that they are incapable to be independent
members of the society.

The major advantage is that they are adults and they can help by making
money for the whole family. It is also good for their parents because they are
getting old, and they will be happy to have some help around the household
and someone to talk to. In addition, they are saving a lot of money. Living with
parents under the same roof is cheaper then living alone.

On the other hand, in most cases they are incapable to live their own life.
They do not know how to manage their finances and take responsibility for the
obligations. Also, they usually do not have enough experience to live by
themselves one day. Parents often do not want to push them away. They think
that they are helping them but they are just raising adults with the needs of
children.

To sum up, adult children living at home definitely bring benefits. They
are helping around the house and saving money. However, they are mostly
limited by having too little space for their own growth. They do not have
enough space to become responsible and hardworking adults.


FacUtVivas
Registrirani korisnik

Postova: 81
Respect: 0

o

o
Odg: Adult children living at home
Travanj 04, 2011, 22:20:19
Citat:
0
Lijepo, samo kratak prijedlog, drugi puta slobodno iskoristis capable of*, to je
ujedno i ljepsi nacin izrazavanja.

take responsibilities for the obligations? Kako se to tocno 'uzima odgovornost
prema obavezama' ? Obaveze ispunjavas odgovorno! Prepravit malo...Inace ne
volim prevadat, al u ovom slucaju se nadam da ce ukazat na besmislenost.

Streberica

Postova: 912
Spol:
PMF Kemija
Respect: +472

o

o

o

o
Odg: Adult children living at home
Rujan 01, 2011, 19:14:03
Citat:
+2
Citat: martina92 - Travanj 04, 2011, 21:36:23
People have divided feelings about adult children living at home. While
some point out how good it is for the whole family, others believe that they are
lazy and irresponsible. They think that they are incapable to be of
being independent members of the society.

The major advantage is that they are adults [nepotrebno to opet
isticati] and they can help by making money for the whole family. It is also good
for their parents because they are getting old, and they will be happy to have
some help around the household and someone to talk to. In addition, they are
saving a lot of money. Living with parents under the same roof is cheaper then
living alone.

On the other hand, in most cases they are incapable to live their own life.
They do not know how to manage their finances and take responsibility for the
obligations. Also, they usually do not have enough experience to live by
themselves one day. Parents often do not want to push them away. They think
that they are helping them but they are just raising adults with the needs of
children.

To sum up, adult children living at home definitely bring benefits. They
are helping around the house and saving money. However, they are mostly
limited by having too little space for their own growth. They do not have
enough space to become responsible and hardworking adults.
Vrlo jednostavno, ali jasno i lijepo, bez uoljivih znatnih pogreaka. Uz prikladnu
temu (a koja ne bi bila doslovno ponovljena u uvodu) bez sumnje odlian, lako
mogude i sve tono (raspon vokabulara - ponavljanja - ostavlja mogudnost za
oduzimanje jednog boda ako bi bili izrazito strogi, ali sumnjam). Dobar primjer
kako se pie esej - ne oekuje se savrenstvo, samo dojam da znate to radite.
Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives! -esej
Travanj 04, 2011, 20:23:51
Citat:
0
Dobar dan! Evo pokusala sam napisat nekakav esej, nadam se da je u redu i
svaka kritika i pohvala je dobrodosla! Nemam nikakve smjernice, samo zadanu
temu koju nam je profesorica dala.
Hvala
Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives!

Just like every period of life, being adolescent can be a pretty rough time.
Some people says it is the unhappiest time, while other says it is the most
happiest time in our life.

The major advantage of being adolescent is the fact that we are growing up
and we are progressing in physical and mental way. We develop ourselfs in the
better and more considered young people. As we are getting older, we are
more ambitious about our future. For example, everyone of us is trying to get
in the colledge we want and succeed in it.

On the other hand, there are many bad sides of being adolescent. For
instance, no one take us seriously and mature for making our decisions on our
own. Like, no one trust us. They all think we are still children with no
responsibility. Secondly, we are all responsable for every act we made and we
are taking consequences on our own. For example, if we steal something, we
can get punish or something even worse. It can be togh right? Thirdly,
adolescence is the period of life when little problem seems like big one.

In conclusion, although adolescence can be a good and happy time, especially
in our developing period, it could also have a lot of minuses. In my opinion, the
biggest argument against adolescence is that we are still naive and acting like
kids in some situations. Despite all of that, it is the best period in my life.
ivim u svojim svijetovima. elim se izmaknuti svima. elim biti neprimjetna jer
ih ne primjedujem.

Kris
Odg: Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives! -esej
Travanj 04, 2011, 20:59:51
Citat:
+1
Pogrjeke u spellingu...
Osim toga:
the most happy ili the happiest,ne the most happiest!
others say, ne says i takes us, a ne take us i sl.
ono poinjanje reenice sa "like"-ajme,molim te,nemoj nikad vie :jeimse:
pazi na tenses (we are acting->we act like kids...)

Dobro koristi linking words to je (svi ved znaju) plus


Postova: 8251
Respect: +381

o

o
Travanj 04, 2011, 21:01:06
Citat:
0
ourselves, ne ourselfs

Elisabeth

Postova: 18516
Spol:
Epic duh foruma.
Respect: +680

o

o
Travanj 04, 2011, 21:05:21
Citat:
0
Hvala Vam. Gramatika me oduvijek zeza al radim na tome. Kako je prije bilo....
Kritike su jos uvijek dobrodosle hahaha a i pohvale xD
ih ne primjedujem.

njubi

Postova: 5
Respect: 0

o

o

o
Travanj 04, 2011, 21:09:45
Citat:
0
e i college*

FacUtVivas

Postova: 81
Respect: 0

o

o
Travanj 04, 2011, 22:02:20
Citat:
0
more considerate

responsible*

get punished*

or even worse, izbacit something

Like, no one trusts us mi se ne svidja recenica bas.

tough*

a big one

i na kraju mozes malo 'pojacati' zakljucak tako da dodas...it is UNDOUBTEDLY.

Elisabeth

Postova: 18516
Spol:
Epic duh foruma.
Respect: +680

o

o
Travanj 04, 2011, 22:18:10
Citat:
0
Zaista ta recenica s 'like' mi nema smisla kad vise puta procitam. Thanks!
ih ne primjedujem.

Streberica

Postova: 912
Spol:
PMF Kemija
Respect: +472

o

o

o

o
Rujan 01, 2011, 18:59:29
Citat:
+3
Citat: Elisabeth - Travanj 04, 2011, 20:23:51
Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives!

Just like every period of life, being adolescent [ovdje je moralo idi
'adolescence' jer 'being adolescent' nije razdoblje] can be a pretty rough time.
Some people says it is the unhappiest time, while other says it is
the most happiest time in our life.

The major advantage of being adolescent is the fact that we are growing up
and we are progressing in physical and mental way. We develop ourselfves in
the better and more consideredate young people. As we are getting older, we
are more ambitious about our future. For example, everyone most of
us is are trying to get in the colledge we want and succeed in it.

On the other hand, there are many bad sides of being adolescent. For
instance, no one take considers us seriously and mature enough for
making our decisions on our own. Like, That is, no one trust us. They all think
we are still children with no responsibility. Secondly, we are all responsaible for
every act we made and we are taking consequences on our own. For example,
if we steal something, we can get punished or something even worse. It can be
togh right? [ne znam to je ta reenica trebala znaiti, ali opdenito suzdrite se
od retorikih pitanja u eseju iz stranog jezika, a osobito u njegovim sredinjim
odlomcima] Thirdly, adolescence is the period of life when every little problem
seems like big one.

In conclusion, although adolescence can be a good and happy time, especially
in our developing period, it could also have a lot of minuses. In my opinion, the
biggest argument against glorifying [ili tako neka rije je nedostajala da bi bilo
smisleno, ne moe se davati argument protiv postojanja neega to
jednostavno prirodno mora postojati] adolescence is that we are still naive and
acting like kids in some situations. Despite all of that, it is has been the best
period in my life.

Esej ne zadovoljava neke od kriterija mature: dan je samo jedan (i to kaotino
razraen) argument za (a 3 protiv, koji isto nisu ba jako pregledno razraeni)
te zakljuak nije jasan, a i naslov je ponavljan u uvodu (i opdenito je malo
previe ponavljanja i izraza i ideja). Dosta pravopisnih i drugih pogreaka
(nastojala sam ispraviti one uoljive koje bi ocjenjivai mogli zamjeriti), no
ostvarena je osnovna struktura i ideja, bio bi prolazan, na odgovarajudu temu
bio bi najmanje za ocjenu dobar, mogude i vrlo dobar.
Pa kad si me ved osobno prozvao, pokuat du. Iz engleskog:
1. na strukturu - moraju biti 4 odlomka i to tono tako: 1. uvod (navedete
tvrdnju koju ste dobili, samo koliko je mogude svojim rijeima, i kaete neto o
njoj, obino tu dobro doe rije 'nowadays' ), 2. argumenti za, 3. argumenti
protiv ako se odlui sloiti s tvrdnjom odnosno 2. protiv, 3. za ako se odlui ne
sloiti s tvrdnjom (u svakom dakle sluaju mora biti argumenata i za i protiv i to
po 2-3 razraena argumenta, znai ne samo navedeni nego barem jedna
reenica posvedena svakom), 4. zakljuak (i obavezno u njemu "svoje
miljenje")
2. povezivanje - imate popis rijei kakve trebate rabiti http://drzavna-
matura.com/index.php?topic=218.0 naravno nije poanta ba samo u
prikladnom koritenju tih rijei nego i da sve skupa izgleda kao smislena cjelina
(no i ako samo te izraze dobro upotrijebite moglo bi vas lako izvudi i na 4 :F )
3. kakav-takav raspon gramatike i vokabulara, da nije ba sve present/past
simple nego prikladno simple/continuous i na prikladnim mjestima bi se mogle
nadi neke modal verbs (can/could/may/might...), ne ba sve jednostavne
reenice povezane s and nego i zavisno sloene, ako zna neku prikladnu
kompliciraniju rije upotrijebi ju ak i ako nisi 100% kako se pie, ako zna vie
rijei za isti pojam koji spominje vie puta ili vie slinih rijei upotrijebi svaki
put razliite rijei (npr. think/believe/suppose/assume...)
4. ne raditi "glupe greke" s pisanjem jednostavnih rijei (npr. it's/its,
they're/their - iako bi u eseju ove skradene oblike opdenito trebalo izbjegavati) -
a da se to izbjegne, proitati na kraju cijeli esej paljivo jo jednom (smije
(uredno) kriati) - i naravno ne pisati skradenice kao na chatu :F
5. drite se teme (to sam zapravo trebala staviti prvo :F jer je moda i
najvanije) - ne moraju svi argumenti biti "pametni" ni "istiniti", no moraju biti
vezani uz temu, nemate prostora za digresije

Linking Words For Essay

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Linking Words For Essay

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Linking words

advantages and disadvantages

S-ar putea să vă placă și