HWLLN A Web Conferencing Solution To Meet The Needs of Work Based Learners

Awebconferencingsolutiontomeettheneedsof
workbasedlearners
LouiseDavies
WorcesterCollegeofTechnology
May2010

LLN Project Report: A Web conferencing solution to meet the needs of work base learners
Louise Davies, Worcester College of Technology, May 2010
Introduction
Thepurposeofthisprojectistolookatthefeasibilityofusingwebconferencingtechnologyto
deliverliveonlinelearningtoworkbasedstudentsontheFoundationDegreeinPayroll
Management,runjointlybytheWorcesterCollegeofTechnology(WCT)andtheInstituteofPayroll
Professionals(IPP).
Itisthoughtthatusingwebconferencingmaybeawayforustoofferanalterativetotraditional
facetofacetutorialandmodulereviewsessions,byprovidingstudentswiththeopportunityto
attendsynchronouslivemeetingsviatheinternet.
Theaimsofthisprojectareto:
1. researchthevariouswebconferencingproductsonthemarketandidentifyabestfit
solution
2. researchthewayslivelearningcanbedeliveredonlinewithaviewtoidentifyinggood
practice
3. conductapilotstudywithasmallgroupofparticipants
Itishopedthatthisprojectwillhelptoidentifywaysinwhichwecandelivermoreconvenientand
flexibletaughtsessionstotheselearners,andthatthiswillprovidethecollege(andthewider
learningcommunity)withabetterunderstandingofhowwebconferencingtechnologymaybeused
toeffectivelydeliverlearningingeneral.
Backgroundtotheproject
WorcesterCollegeofTechnologyandtheIPPruna3yearFoundationDegreeinPayroll
Managementwhichisdeliveredtoapprox900learners.Studentsonthisprogrammearework
basedandaregeographicallyspreadthroughoutthecountry.Theycurrentlyaccessthebulkoftheir
studymaterialsonlineandcanparticipateinasynchronousdiscussions(viadiscussionforums)and
otheractivities(usingtheMoodleVLE).
Inaddition,studentsattendonefacetofacereviewday(whichislargelypresentationandclassroom
activitybased)foreachofthefivemodulesthattheycompleteeveryyear.Modulereviewdaysare
heldatregionallocationsacrossthecountry.Studentsareallocatedatutortoprovidethemwith
furtherguidanceandsupportwhoisusuallylocatedmorelocallytothem.Thereareapprox80of
thesetutorsinvolvedincoursedeliveryandtheyalsoneedtoattendregularbriefings,training
sessionsandmeetings.Tutorsarealsoworkbasedinthattheyareusuallyemployedinmoresenior
positionswithinthePayrollindustry.
Potentialbenefitsofusingwebconferencingtechnology
Duetothegeographicalspreadandtimecommitmentsofthelearners,mostofwhomworkfull
time,itissometimesdifficultforthemtoattendfacetofaceteachingevents.Itcanalsobecostlyin
termsoftravelexpenses(withtheassociatedimpactofcarbonemissions)aswellasintermsofthe
timespentintravellingtovariousvenues.Thecostofhiringlocationstohostmultipleregional

eventsandtheassociatedcosts(suchashospitality,andtutortravelexpenses,administration)also
makewebconferencingsoundlikeanattractiveprospect.
Whileittakestimetoorganisefacetofaceevents,ittakesminutestoscheduleanonlineeventand
inviteparticipants.DuetothenatureofPayrollasasubjectarea(whichcanchangeatafastpace
alongwithchangestotax,governmentlegislationetc)informationoftenneedstobedisseminated
quicklytotutorsandfiltereddowntostudents.Thisisaperhapsamoreunusualbutdefiningaspect
ofpayrollasasubjectandmakestheuseofwebconferencingtechnologyseemevenmore
appropriate.
Anotherpotentialbenefitofusingwebconferencingtohostpresentationsorseminareventsisthat
theycanalsoberecorded.Byprovidingaccesstotheserecordings,thosewhocouldnotattend
eventsdonothavetomissoutandtheresourcecanalsobeusedasrevisionmaterial.
Studentsandtutorsinvolvedonthecourseareusedtoregularlyaccessingonlinematerialsand
activitiesviaMoodlesowecanassumeacertainlevelofcompetencyinusingtheInternetandbasic
IT.Thismakesintroducinganewonlinetechnologyaslightlyeasierprospect.
Basicneedsintermsofonlinesessiondelivery
Throughconsultingwithcoursemanagersandtutors,weidentifiedthebasicrequirementsofwhat
wewouldwantfromanypotentialwebconferencingproduct.Themaincriteriaarelistedbelow:
Abilitytosharedocumentsandpresentationsonline
Audiofunctionality,withtheabilitytosharemicrophonesandwebcams
Basicwhiteboardfunctionalityandtheabilitytoannotatedocuments
Textchatfacilitytoallowparticipantstoaskquestions
Abilitytosharewebpagesforcobrowsing
Abilitytorecordandplaybacksessions
Inaddition,anyproductshouldalsobe:
Easytosetupremotely(studentsareoffcampussomightnotbetechnicallyableto
downloadandconfiguresoftware)
Easytouseintuitiveinterfacefrombothparticipantandpresenterperspective
CompatiblewithpopularbrowsersandWindowsandMac
Tofitinwiththescopeoftheprojectitwasthoughtthatahostedwebconferencingproductwould
betheeasiestoption,asitwouldnotrequireagreatdealoftechnicalsupport.Withmosthosted
products,remoteusersareabletoaccessliveonlinesessionsviaasimplebrowserlink.
InitiallyitwasassumedthatasstudentsandstaffarefamiliarwiththeMoodleVLE,usingaproduct
thatintegrateswiththissystemwouldbeadvantageous.

Identifyingawebconferencingproduct
Thenextstageoftheprojectwastoresearchvariouswebconferencingsolutionsthatareavailable.
Therearearangeofwebconferencingproductswhichclaimtodoverysimilarthings;aquick
internetsearchthrowsupadazzlingassortmentofproducts,howeverthemainonesarelistedin
theWikipediaarticlebelow:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_conferencing#Software_and_service_providers
Manywebconferencingproductsareaimedatabusinessmarketandaredesignedforparticipants
toattendlivemeetingsandseminarsratherthanexplicitlytofacilitatelearning.Theyalsohavecost
implicationswhichtendtoincreasethemorefrequentlytheproductisusedandintermsofthe
numberofparticipants.Manyofthesecompaniesoffershorttermfreetrialsoftheirproducts,
whichmeantthatwhilewecoulduseatrialversionsforthedurationofthisproject,usingitafter
thismayproveprohibitivelycostly.
Mostofthefeaturesthatwewerelookingforcomeasstandardwithwebconferencingproducts
and,seeingaswehadonlylimitedtimetochooseaone,itwasthoughtwecouldnarrowthisdown
bylookingatwhatwasalreadybeingusedwithintheeducationcommunity.Totryandgetafeelfor
thiswecontactedtheWestMidlandsRegionalSupportCentre(RSC)foradviceandalsosubscribed
tovariouselearningcommunitymailinglists.Personally,throughmyroleasanILTAdvisor(ILT
InformationLearningTechnology),IhadattendedeventshostedusingElluminateLiveandDim
Dim,soknewtheseproductswerebeingusedandhadfirsthandexperienceinusingthemfroma
participantperspective.IalsoattendedanonlinetrainingdayhostedbyStaffordshireUniversity
entitledEffectivelearningwithwebconferencing,whichwasconductedusingDimDim.This
experiencewasextremelyusefulinfindingoutmoreaboutvariouswebconferencingproductsfrom
theotherdelegatesaswellasinlearningaboutgoodpracticeinhostingonlineeventsfroma
pedagogicalperspective.
AsDimDimandElluminateLiveappearedtobefrequentlyusedinothercollegeswedecidedtotest
theseproductsalongwithWebEx(oneofthemorewellknownestablishedcommercialproducts)
andMicrosoftLiveMeeting,whichwehaveaccesstoatWCT.Initialtestingoftheseproductstook
placebysettingupinformalsessionswithothermembersofthecollegeILTteam.Emphasiswas
placedonhoweasytheproductsweretosetup,accessandusefrombothapresenterand
participantperspectiveandonhowreliabletheyeachwere.AlthoughLiveMeetingwasveryeasyto
accessdirectlyfromOfficeapplications,weenvisagedtoomanyproblemswithoffcampususers
needingtodownloadconfiguresoftware.Theremainingthreehostedproductsallworkedwell,
wereeasytouseandofferedthemainfeatureswewerelookingfor.
ForthepurposeofthisprojectwechosetoproceedwithElluminateLiveasthiswasthemoststable
inourtestsandseemedtobemoredesignedwitheducationinmind.Weparticularlylikedthe
pollingtoolsandthefacethattheironlineusersupportseemedverycomprehensive.Elluminate
provideaconfigurationroomwhereuserscantesttheirconnectionandconfiguretheiraudioprior
toanylivemeeting.ElluminateLivealsocanalsobeintegratedwithMoodleusingElluminateBridge
andsessionscanberecorded.UnlikeWebExandDimDim,itwasrelativelyeasytospeaktoan

advisoratElluminateandtheyprovidedanamedcontactpersonwhowasonhandthroughoutthe
trialtooffersupportandtraining.WhiletherewouldbecostimplicationsinusingElluminate,their
vOfficeproduct(atacostof350/perannumforoneroomwitha50usercapacity)wouldsuitour
initialneeds.Theyalsoofferafreeserviceforsmallgroups(3users)whichcouldpotentiallybeused
ifextraroomswereneededfortutorialsessions.Forthepurposeofthepilotproject,Elluminate
provideduswithanextendedfreetrialwithanonlineroomavailableforustouseatanytime.
Identifyinggoodpracticeinonlinesessiondelivery
Throughtalkingtopeoplewithintheeducationalcommunityandinreadingsomeoftheadvice
availableonline(seetheFurtherReadingsectionattheendofthisreportforalistofuseful
websites),wewereabletogainanunderstandingofgoodpracticeforwebconferencing.Itwas
recommendedthatonlinesessionsbekeptassimpleaspossibleandwherepresentationsareused
theyshouldbefairlyshortandtothepoint.Everythingshouldbetestedthoroughlybeforehandand
wherepossibleeveryoneinvolvedshouldtesttheiraccessandconfigurationpriortoanylivesession.
Sessionplanningneedstobemorethoroughwhenputtingtogetheranonlinesessionandtimehas
tobeallowedforparticipantstosetthemselvesupatthestartofthemeeting,especiallyintheearly
stagesofintroducinganewtechnology.Othertipsformakingwebconferencingeffectivecanbe
foundinthePDFdocumentMakingWebConferencingWorkforYouwhichwasputtogethertoact
asashortguideforourteachingstaffwhomaybeabouttostartusingthetechnology.
Muchoftheliteratureconcernedwithwebconferencinghighlightstheimportanceofthe
relationshipbetweensocialpresenceandstudentsatisfaction.Socialpresenceinthiscaserefersto
participantsawarenessofeachotherasindividualpeopleorpersonalitiesinvolvedinonline
interactions.Itcanbeachievedthroughallowingfrequentopportunitiesforcommunicationand
collaborationparticularlywhereparticipantshaveopportunitytoexpresstheiropinions,emotions
andsenseofhumour.Asparticipantsareeffectivelymeetingupthroughacomputer,thistypeof
interactionneedstobethoughtaboutandplannedin,forexample,throughtheuseoficebreakers,
discussionactivitiesandthroughtheaskingofrelevantquestions.Italsohelpsifparticipantscansee
eachotherwherepossible,eitherthroughtheuseofwebcamsorbyfillingouttheironlineprofiles
wheretheycanuploadapicture.
PreparationandPlanningforonlinesessiondelivery
FurthertestingofElluminatetookplacebysettingupinformalsessionswithmembersofthecollege
ILTteam.Thisallowedustofamiliariseourselveswiththeinterfaceandthevariousfeaturesofthe
softwaresuchaspollingandusingmultiplewebcams.Wealsotriedtestingthesoftwarefrom
variouscomputersbothonandoffcampustotryandanyidentifypotentialissuesorirregularities.In
termsofterminologyitisimportanttonotethatwhenusingElluminate,andforthepurposesof
thisreport,onlinemeetingspacesarereferredtoasrooms,presentersareknownasmoderators
andstudentsordelegatesasparticipants.
Alotoftheonlinesupportrelatingtowebconferencingadvisedusingheadsetsratherthanseparate
computerspeakersandmicrophonesinordertoavoidpotentialissueswithaudiofeedbackand

echo.AsmallamountofbasicPCheadsetswereprovidedtoparticipantsinorderthatwecould
supplyeveryonetakingpartintheprojectwithone,shoulditberequired.
AstutorsandstudentsonthePayrollprogrammearefamiliarwithaccessingcourserelated
informationthroughMoodle,asupportingMoodlecoursewascreated.Thiswastoprovideone
placewhereparticipantsinvolvedinthetrialcouldfindalloftheinformationtheywouldneed,such
assetupinstructions,guidesandhandouts.AlinktotheElluminatetestpagewasaddedsothat
participantscouldtesttheircomputersetupbeforethelivesession.Thistestpagealsotookthem
throughusingthebuiltinaudiowizardtoconfiguretheirheadphoneandmicrophonesound.
Participantsalsohadtheoptiontofamiliarisethemselveswiththeinterfacebytryingitoutor
watchinginstructionalvideoclips.TheMoodlepagealsocontainedhelpandguidanceonwhothey
couldcontactformoreinformation,alongwithasurveytobemadeavailabletoparticipantsafter
thelivesessioninordertocollectfeedback.AscreenshotofthisMoodlepagecanbeseeninthe
Appendix(Fig1).
PilotSessionPlan
Aftermuchdeliberationitwasdecidedtoconducttheinitialpilotsessionswithaselectionofwork
basedtutors,asitwouldbethisgroupwhowouldberequiredtonotonlyparticipateinonline
events,buteventuallyruntheirownonlineteachingandsupportsessionswithstudents.Wealso
selectedthisgroupasfurthertestingoflivesessiondeliverywasneededinordertomaketeaching
stafffeelcomfortableusingthetechnology.Itwasfeltthiswouldbeeasiertoconductwithtutorsas
participantsratherthanexpectingstudentstoactasguineapigs,especiallyasthereisthepotential
forsomuchtogowrongintheseearlystages.
Twolivehoursessionswereplannedwithapprox.10participantsineach.Withinthelivesessions
wewouldattempttogiveapresentationonthetopicofOperationsManagement.Aswehad
experiencedsomebandwidthissueswhenusingdesktopsharing,wedecidedtokeepthingssimple
andusethestandardwhiteboard,audioandtextchatfacilitiesalongwithamoderatorwebcam.
Thefirst20minutesofthesessionwastobeledbytheprojectmanagerandincludedtimetotest
thattheparticipantsweresetupcorrectlyandthattheyknewhowtheinterfaceworkede.g.howto
usethechatroom,howtoraisetheirhandiftheyneededhelp,howtoswitchontheirmicrophone
totalk.Participantswouldthencompleteafewshorticebreakeractivities;oneinwhichtheywould
beaskedtoannotateamapoftheUKwiththeirlocation(usingthewhiteboardtools)andone
wherewewoulddiscussthepotentialbenefitsofusingwebconferencingusingthechatand
whiteboard.
Thenext40minuteswouldbeledbythetwocoursemanagers(whoarealsoteachersonthepayroll
programme)wheretheywouldrunthroughthepresentationwhileallowingfrequentopportunities
forQandA.Weplannedthatforthepresentationwewouldturnoffparticipantsmicrophonesin

ordertoallowthepresentertotalkthroughthesubjectmatteruninterruptedandonlyturnontheir
microphonesintheQandAsections.
Participantsengagementinthelivesession
Whilewetriedtopreparetheparticipantswithasmuchinformationaspossiblebeforehand,there
wereafewissuesthatwerenotanticipatedintermsofaccessingtheonlineroom.Oneuserwas
usingtheGooglechromebrowserwhichwasnotcompatiblewithElluminate,howeverswitchingto
theInternetExplorerbrowserresolvedthisissue.Threeparticipantsexperiencedaccessissues
relatingtofirewallsattheirworkplaces.ElluminateprovideastepbystepProxysetupguide,which
helpsusersgetaroundtheseissuesandwemanagedtosendthisouttothematthelastminute,
whichagainresolvedtheiraccessissues.OneparticipantalsoexperiencedaproblemwithJava
downloadinginanunexpectedwaywhichcausedsomeconfusion.Mostparticipantshowever,were
abletoaccesstheroomquicklyandpainlessly.
Aseachparticipantarrivedinthesessiontheywerewelcomedbythemoderatorwhocheckedthey
couldheartheaudioandcomfortablyusetheirmicrophone.Fortunatelyitturnedoutthatmost
participantshadtestedtheirsetupbeforehandandhadalreadyconfiguredtheirmicrophoneand
speaker.Eachparticipantwasgiventheopportunitytotalktothegroupusingtheirmicrophone(if
theyhadoneconfigured)andtousethechatandwhiteboardfacilities.Everyoneseemedtoenjoy
theinteraction,therewaslotsoflaughterandjokesandlotsofpositivefeedbackwhichwas
expressedvirtuallyusingthebuiltinsmileyemoticonsandapplauseicon.Itsimportanttopointout
thattheparticipantshadmetbeforeatfacetofaceeventssowereperhapslessintimidatedby
talkingtothegroup.
Thereseemedtobeafewissueswithaudiocuttingoutwhenmorethantwopeoplewerespeaking
atonceanditalsobecameconfusingknowingwhoitwastalking.Fortherestofthesessionwe
decidedtoenableonlythemoderatosmicrophoneandparticipantscouldthenraisetheirhand
(usingthebuiltinraisehandicon)iftheywantedtospeak.Thisworkedwellasyoucouldseewho
wastalkingandeveryonehadtheopportunitytotalkinturn.Allparticipantssaidtheyenjoyedthe
sessionandmanagedtofollowthethreadofwhatwasgoingon.Theywereverykeentoask
questionsandtheQandAformatworkedverywell.Ascreenshotofoneofthelivepresentation
sessionswhichalsoshowstheElluminateLiveinterfacecanbeenseenintheAppendix(Fig2).
ParticipantFeedback
Feedbackwascollectedattheendofeachlivesessionthroughashortdiscussionandthroughan
onlinesurveyonMoodle.Participantsexpressedthatgenerallytheyexperiencedfewtechnical
issuesandallwereabletotalkusingtheirmicrophonesandparticipateinchatquitecomfortably.
Thesoundqualitytheparticipantsexperiencedwassometimesvariable,althoughnottotheextent
wherethosespeakingcouldnotbeheard.Whenaskediftheywouldliketoparticipateinaonline
sessioninthefuture83%ofparticipantsrespondingYes,withtheremainingrespondingMaybe.
Thiswasaveryencouragingresponse,althoughthetutorswereratherlesskeeninwhenaskedif
theywouldliketodelivertheirownfacetofacesessions;50%respondedYesorMaybetothis
question.Tutorswhoaremoregeographicallyisolated(onetutorisbasedinInverness)seemed

moreinfavourofthisnewmethodofdelivery.Mostrespondentsthoughtonlinesessionswould
workbetterwithsmallgroupsandthoughtthatitcouldpossiblybeusedasanalternativetofaceto
facetutorialsessions.Sometutorsexpressedconcernthatthetechnologycouldreplacefacetoface
sessionsandfelttheydidnotwanttolooseoutonhumaninteractionelementsofthistypeof
contact.
Moderatorsengagementandfeedback
Moderatorsinitiallyfounditchallengingwhenpresentedwiththisnewmediumandthedifficulties
inherentindeliveringlearningwithoutelementsofvisualcommunication.Therewereadditional
challengesinlearninghowtousethesoftwareandconcernsoverthepossiblyofinterruptionand
interferenceduetotechnicalissues.Moderatorsfounditdistractingwhentryingtopresent
informationusingthewhiteboardwithconversationstakingplaceinthechatroomatthesame
time.UsingaQandAformathelpedasparticipantswereinstructedtoaskquestionsanddiscuss
issuesatdesignatedintervalsandtoraisetheirhandsinordertotalk.Someparticipantswhodid
nothavetheabilitytousemicrophonesusedthetextchatfacility;inthiscaseithelpedifthe
moderatorthenreadoutthetexttothegroup.Moderatorsfelttheneedtofrequentlyaskfor
feedbackfromthegroupinordertocheckthateveryonewasfollowing.Thiswasachievedbysimply
askingeveryonetoraisetheirhandorselectanemoticon.Itisdifficulttoavoidfeelingasifyouare
talkingintothinairanditwasdifficultformoderatorstomanagesilenceswhenparticipantsmight
needthinkingtimeasthisfeltuncomfortable.
Loosingthefeedbackaspectsofvisualcommunicationwasoneofthehardestthingstonegotiate
aroundanddidmakeitdifficulttojustpresentinformationformuchmorethanafewminutesata
time.Theneedforfrequentinteractionandfeedbackopportunitiesmeantthatthelaterhalfofthe
firstsessionwasabitrushedduetothetimeconstraints.
EffortwasmadetocreateaniceinformalatmosphereandtheQandAsessionshadthefeelofa
radiophoneinshowwiththemicrophonebeingpassedtocallers.Thisapproachseemedtowork
verywell.Moderatorsfoundtheyneededtokeepfairlytightcontrolofthesessiontoavoidlossof
focus.Instructionsgiventoparticipantshadtobeverycleartoavoidconfusionandmoderatorshad
toexplainclearlywhattheyweredoingnowandnext.
Lessonslearnedandprojectconclusions
Overallthispilotprojectwasseenaslargelysuccessfulinintroducinganewtechnologytocourse
managers,teachingstaffandtutorsinvolvedindeliveringthePayrollFoundationDegree.Wefound
thatasthesessionswerecarefullyplannedandopportunitieswerecreatedforparticipanttesting
beforethelivesession,wedidnotexperiencetoomanyofthetechnicalissueswhichcanblightlive
onlinesessiondelivery.
Itisplannedinthefuturetoatleastusethetechnologytodeliversometutorialsessionsespecially
forthosetutorsandstudentsinmoregeographicallyisolatedlocations.Itwillalsobeausefultool
fordisseminatinginformationtotutorsandwillbeusedforstaffmeetings.Whetherornotlarge

scalepresentationswillbehostedthroughwebconferencingremainstobeseenastherewasless
enthusiasmforthis.
Effortsweremadetomakethesessionsfunandenjoyablebycreatinganinformaltonetotheevent
andbyallowinglotsofopportunitiesforfeedbackandparticipantcontributionthroughout.Ithelped
thatparticipantshadmeteachotherbeforehand,and,ifthisisnotthecase,wewouldneedtoplan
inmoreicebreakerandintroductorytypeactivitiesasitisimportantforparticipantstofeel
comfortablewitheachother.
Moderatinganonlineteachingsessionasopposedtoafacetofaceeventischallengingandrequires
practicesothatmoderatorscandevelopanonlinestyleandtheabilitytofeelconfidentand
comfortabledeliveringlearninginanewmedium.Inthefuture,morecreativitymayberequiredin
termsofcreatingcollaborativelearningactivitiesthatcanbedeliveredonline.Providing
opportunitiesforfeedbackandfrequentlycheckingparticipantsunderstandingisfarmoreessential
whenvisualcommunicationelementsareremovedandextratimeshouldbeallowedforthiswhen
planningonlinesessions.

Furtherreading:
WestMidlandRSCSynchronousWebcastingTools:
http://wiki.rscwmsystems.org.uk/index.php/Synchronous_webcasting_tools
MakingWebConferencesExciting:http://www.towardsmaturity.org/article/2009/06/22/making
webconferencesexciting/
ElluminateLivegoodpracticeguide:http://www.jisc.ac.uk/elluminateguidance
KolaboraWebConferencingTools:http://www.kolabora.com/news_radars/web_conferencing.htm
PointersforSuccessfulWebcasting:http://www.davidleeking.com/2006/04/30/pointersfor
successfulwebcasting/
LearnCentralonlinelearningcommunity:http://www.learncentral.org/
Howtocreatealiveonlinelearningevent:http://newsletter.alt.ac.uk/ovsn7pmtanz

Appendix:
Figure1:ScreenshotofsupportingMoodlecourse(informationthatisjustforModeratorsisgreyedout)

Figure2:ScreenshotoftheEliminateinterfacefromparticipantsperspectiveinoneoftheliveonlinesessions

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