Building - Doc Microsoft

"
Al-Madina
Institute of
Q
ua
ntity Survey
A
Professional Training for Civil Engineers in Preparing Estimation of High rise Building Projects for R.C.C & Steel Structures
www .quantitsurveindia .com
Sub-Structure I Super-Structure I Reinforcement - Calculations
Format & Procedures for Project Work of Residential & Commercial Buildings
A Book for
A book for all Civil Engineers & Architects (Diploma, Degree, & Masters
! A"" #$%&'S #ESE#(ED )* '&E A+'&,#
'his book or parts of this book shoul- not be repro-uce- or translate- in any form .ithout the .ritten permission of Author/
A 0ractical book for )+$"D$1%
ES'$MA'$,1S )y
Mohamme- &aroon )/E
Civil, MS Australia
Director of
A"2Ma-ina $nstitute of Quantity Survey
Malakpet, &y-eraba-, A/0, $n-ia/
.../3uantitysurveyin-ia/com
#ecommen-e- by
Mohamme- Ab-ul
#asool
)/E Civil (Structures, ,smania +niversity &y-eraba-
$n-ia/ .orking in Sau-i Arabia from last 45
years
0rofessor Mohamme- $3bal
Ahme-
)/E,Civil, M/E
Environmental
&ea- of Civil Engineering Department, 6/)/1/C/E, %ulbarga +niversity,
6arnataka/
7$#S' ED$'$,1 8 9:;9
SEC,1D ED$'$,1 8 9:;4 #evise- E-ition
'&$#D ED$'$,1 8 9:;< #evise- E-ition
', M* M,'&E# & 7A'&E#
About Author= Mohamme-
&aroon
'he Author has -one )achelor Degree in Civil Engineering from 6/)/1/C/E, %ulbarga +niversity, 6arnataka an- Master
Degree in Environmental Engineering from +niversity of 'echnology, Sy-ney, Australia, an- he has ;< years of e>perience
.orking in ? countries i/e/ in Australia, Qatar, Sau-i2Arabia, +AE an- $n-ia as .ell/
0resently provi-ing professional training for all Civil Engineers& Architects in preparing estimations of &igh2rise
)uil-ings/
A"2Ma-ina $nstitute of Quantity
Survey Malakpet, &y-eraba-, A/0,
$n-ia/ @ebsite=
.../3uantitysurveyin-ia/com
C,1'E1'S
$ntro-uction 0age no/
;/ Definition of Quantity Surveying :; 2 :;
9/ "ist of 'opics un-er Quantity Surveying :9 2 :4
4/ 0rocess of E>ecuting @ork on Site :< 2 :A
</ 'ypes of 7ootings ;: 2 ;A
?/ 'ypes of Columns 9: 2 94
5/ 'ypes of 7loors 9< 2 9<
B/ 'ypes of "oa-s 9? 2 9?
C/ &oney Comb 9? 2 95
A/ 'ypes of )eams 95 2 4;
;:/ 'ypes of Slabs 4; 2 4A
;;/ 'ypes of @alls <: 2 <5
;9/ 'ypes of Stair Cases <5 2 <B
;4/ +nit Conversion (one, t.o & three -imension <C 2 ?<
;</ #ate Conversion ?? 2 ?5
;?/ "ength & Area Calculations ?B 2 ?A
;5/ Shuttering Area Calculations 5: 2 5:
;B/ (olume Calculations 5; 2 5;
;C/ 0roblems & Solutions of (arious types of 7ootings 59 2 5A
;A/ 0roblems & Solutions of (arious types of Columns B: 2 BA
9:/ 0roblem & Solution of #oof 7rame .ith Drop )eams C: 2 C4
9;/ 0roblem & Solution of Dome Slab C4 2 CC
99/ 0roblem & Solution of &ar-y Slab CA 2 A:
94/ 0roblem & Solution of @affle Slab A; 2 A9
9</ 0roblem & Solution of 0itch #oof A4 2 A<
9?/ 0roblem & Solution of Semi2roun- Stair Case A? 2 AC
95/ 0roblem & Solution of "ift 0it AA 2 ;:;
9B/ 0roblem & Solution of #amp ;:9 2 ;:<
9C/ Stan-ar- Data re3uire- for Quantity Surveying ;:< 2 ;:5
C=M (cement=mortar re3uire- for )rick .ork
C=M (cement=mortar re3uire- for 0lastering
Concrete Mi> Design .ith -ifferent %ra-es of Concrete
Stan-ar- @eight an- Density of Cement, San-, Aggregate, @ater & Steel, etc/
9A/ )rick .ork Calculations & 0roblems ;:B 8 ;;;
4:/ 0lastering Calculations & 0roblems ;;9 8 ;;B
4;/ Emulsion paint (or @ater )on- 0aint for .all Calculations & 0roblems ;;C 8 ;;C
49/ @all 0utty Calculation & 0roblem ;;A 8 ;;A
44/ 7looring Calculation & 0roblem ;9: 8 ;9:
4</ ,ver2&ea- @ater 'ank Calculation & 0roblem ;9; 8 ;94
4?/ 0ictures of a-vance metho- of 0lastering .ith machine ;9< 8 ;9<
45/ Complete 7ormat & Metho- to prepare Estimate of #esi-ential (illa 0roDect ;9? 8 ;9B
.ith M/S office E>cel Sheet an- "ist of items to be calculate-
4B/ 0roDect Dra.ings (Architectural, Structural & #einforcement ;9C 8 ;?9
S+)2S'#+C'+#E CA"C+"A'$,1S
4C/ Calculation for (a(olume of Concrete (b Shuttering Area (c)itumen 0aint Area ;?4 2 ;?<
(- 0olythene Sheet Area (e 'ermite Control Area
4A/ Calculation & Solution for 7ootings ;?? 8 ;59
<:/ Calculation & Solution for 0/C/C un-er 7ootings ;54 8 ;5<
<;/ Calculation & Solution for 1eck Columns ;5? 8 ;B<
<9/ Calculation & Solution for 'ie )eams & Strap beams ;B? 8 ;BC
<4/ Calculation & Solution for 0/C/C un-er 'ie )eams ;BA 8 ;C;
<</ Calculation & Solution for 0linth )eams ;C9 8 ;C<
<?/ Calculation & Solution for 0/C/C un-er 0linth )eams ;C? 8 ;C5
<5/ Calculation & Solution for 9: cm thick Slab .ith steel mesh un-er floor tiles ;CB 8 ;CA
<B/ Calculation & Solution for #etaining @all ;A: 8 ;A4
<C/ Calculation & Solution for #ectangular Sump ;A< 8 ;A5
<A/ Calculation & Solution for Circular Sump ;AB 8 9::
?:/ Calculation & Solution for Septic 'ank 9:; 8 9:4
5;/ Calculation & Solution for Earth @ork E>cavation & )ack fill .ith 0it2@ise Metho- 9:< 8 9;9
59/ Abstract for the Quantities of Sub2Structure an- its Solution 9;4 8 9;5
54/ )ill of Quantities for Sub2Structure 9;B 8 9;B
S+0E#2S'#+C'+#E CA"C+"A'$,1S
5</ Calculation for (a(olume of Concrete (b Shuttering Area 9;C 8 9;C
5?/ Calculation & Solution for 7loor Columns 9;A 8 99C
55/ Calculation & Solution for Drop )eams 99A 8 949
5B/ Calculation & Solution for #oof Slab 944 8 94A
5C/ Calculation & Solution for Dog2"eg Stair Case 9<: 8 9<9
5A/ Calculation & Solution for )rick .ork 9<4 8 9<B
B:/ Calculation & Solution for cement = mortar re3uire- for )rick .ork 9<C 8 9<C
B;/ Calculation & Solution for 0lastering 9<A 8 9C:
B9/ Calculation & Solution for cement = mortar re3uire- for 0lastering 9C; 8 9C9
B4/ Calculation & Solution for 0aint (Emulsion & Enamel paint 9C4 8 9C?
B</ Calculation & Solution for @all 0utty 9C5 8 9CB
B?/ Calculation & Solution for 7alse Ceiling 9CC 8 9A9
B5/ Calculation & Solution for 7looring, @all Skirting & @all 'iles 9A4 8 4;9
BB/ Calculation & Solution for cement = mortar re3uire- for 7looring 4;4 8 4;4
BC/ Calculation & Solution for cement re3uire- for @all Skirting & @all 'iles 4;< 8 4;<
BA/ )ill of Quantities for Doors & @in-o. 4;? 8 4;5
C:/ Calculation for the 7itting of Doors & @in-o.s 4;B 8 49:
C;/ )ill of Quantities for Doors & @in-o.s 7ittings 49; 8 49;
C9/ @in-o. %rill & %ate Calculations 499 8 499
C;/ Calculation & Solution for Miscellaneous item ("oft, 6itchen 0lat2form, "intel, Sun2sha-e etc/ 494 8 44C
C9/ Abstract for the Quantities of Super2Structure (Concrete & Shuttering 44A 8 44A
C4/ Abstract for the Quantities of Super 8Structure 4<: 8 4<;
C</ )ill of Quantities for Super2Structure 4<9 8 4<4
C?/ )ill of Quantities for #esi-ential (illa 4<< 8 4<?
#E$17,#CEME1' CA"C+"A'$,1S
C5/ #einforcement Calculations 4<5 8 4<5
CB/ )ar )en-ing Sche-ules ()/)/S 4<B 8 4?B
CC/ 0roDect Dra.ing for #einforcement 4?C 8 4B?
S+)2S'#+C'+#E #E$17,#CEME1' CA"C+"A'$,1S 4B5 8 4B5
CA/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for 7ootings 4BB 8 4A?
A:/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for 1eck Column 4A5 8 <9;
A;/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for 'ie )eams <99 8 <4;
A9/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for 0linth )eams <49 8 <<:
A4/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Slab un-er 7loor 'iles <<; 8 <?:
A</ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for #etaining @all <?; 8 <BC
A?/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for #ectangular Sump <BA 8 <C?
A5/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Circular Sump <C5 8 <A4
AB/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Septic 'ank <A< 8 ?::
AC/ Abstract of #einforcement for Sub2Structure ?:; 8 ?:;
AA/ )ill of Quantities for #einforcement of Sub2Structure ?:9 8 ?:9
S+0E#2S'#+C'+#E #E$17,#CEME1' CA"C+"A'$,1S ?:4 8 ?:4
;::/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Columns ?:< 8 ?45
;:;/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Drop )eams ?4B 8 ?55
;:9/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for #oof Slab ?5B 8 ?C<
;:4/ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Dog2"eg Stair Case ?C? 8 ?A9
;:</ Calculation & Solution of #einforcement for Miscellaneous items ?A4 8 5:5
;:?/ Abstract of #einforcement for Super Structure 5:B 8 5:B
;:5/ )ill of Quantities for #einforcement of Super Structure 5:C 8 5:C
A 0ractical book for Quantity Surveying
Definition= Quantity Surveying
If any building is to be constructed, then finding out the quantities of all materials and cost required to construct it, is called as Quantity
Surveying.
'opics un-er Quantity Surveying=
!. Tpes of footings.
". Tpes of columns.
#. Tpes of $eams.
%. Tpes of sla$s.
&. Tpes of walls.
'. (nit conversion)one*two*three )dimension conversion.
+. ,ength calculation.
-. .rea calculation.
/. 0olume calculation.
!1. 2odule34 ) Su$3structure calculation 54tem $elow ground level6.
!!. 2odule344 ) Super3structure calculation 54tem a$ove ground level6.
!". 2odule3444 ) Reinforcement calculation for R.C.C and Steel structure.
!#. 2odule340 ) Computer .pplication 72S E8cel sheet and .uto3cad9.
!%. 2odule30 ) Project wor:.
(A/ "ist of items to be calculate- belo. %roun- level Esub structureF
!. P.C.C under footings
". ;ootings
ALMadina Institute of Quantity Survey
Head Office: office no. 411, 4th floor, iru!ala o"er, Mala#$et, Hydera%ad India& 'hone no. :
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!1
#. <ec: columns
%. Tie $eams and Strap $eams
&. P.C.C under Tie $eams
'. Plinth $eams or =round $eams
+. P.CC. under plinth $eams
-. =rade Sla$ or Sla$ on =rade
!!
/. Retaining wall
!1. Retaining wall Base.
!!. Retaining wall P.C.C.
!". >ater calculation
!#. Rectangular Sump
!%. Circular Sump
!&. Septic tan:
!'. ,ift pit
!+. Earth wor: E8cavation calculation
!-. Bac:3 ;ill calculation
!/. .$stract for the ?uantities of Su$3structure.
"1. Bill of ?uantities
"!. Concrete proportions and Ratios with Concrete mi83design
"ist of items to be calculate- for each item belo. %roun- level
!. 0olume of Concrete in m
#
". .rea of Shuttering in m
"
#. .rea of >ater3proof mem$rane with $itumen paint in m
"
%. .rea of Termite control in m
"
&. .rea of Polthene sheet or 0apour Barrier in m
"
'. Reinforcement in @gs or Tones
()/ "ist of items to be calculate- above %roun- level ESuper StructureF
!. ;loor columns
". ;loor $eams
!"
#. ;loor sla$s
%. Stair cases 7Tpical A Semi3Circular9
&. Ramp 7inclined A Semi3Circular9
'. Par:ing platform
+. Bric: wor: 7<o. of $ric:s required9
!#
-. CementB 2ortar required for $ric: wor:
/. >all putt calculation
!1. Paint calculations in ,iters 7Emulsion paint A Enamel paint9
!!. ;alse3Ceiling Calculations in m
"
!". ;looring Calculations 72ar$le tilesC 0itrified tilesC Par:ing Tiles A 4nter3loc: Tiles9
!#. >all S:irting Calculations
!%. >all Tiles 7Ceramic Tiles9 calculations
!&. >ood calculations for doors A windows
!'. Doors A >indows ;ittings 7Tower $oltC Door handle etc9
!+. >indows grillC =lassC and 4ron =ate calculations
!-. Ever3Head >ater tan: Calculations
!/. E8pansion Foint Details
"1. >eight of Concrete Calculations for Pre3cast >allC ColumnC Sla$s etc.
"!. Calculation for the miscellaneous item 7,intelC ,oft 7Chajjas9C >indow Sunshade A @itchen Platforms.
"". .$stract for the quantities of super structure
"#. Bill of ?uantities for Super structure.
!%
0#,CESS ,7 EGEC+'$1% @,#6 ,1 S$'E
!. Termite control 7anti3fungus spra9
". Polthene sheet 7 thic:ness G"mm to %mm9
#. Plain Cement concrete $ed or Blinding 7thic:ness of $linding G !1cm9 P.C.C $ed without Reinforcement.
%. R.C.C ;ooting 7Reinforced cement concrete $ed9
!&
&. <ec: column 7;rom top of footing up to $ottom of =round $eam9
'. =round level
+. ;loor column 7Part of Column a$ove =round ,evel9
-. Bitumen Paint
!'
Earth .ork e>cavation=
This is the process of digging earth on site where the foundation is to $e laid.
'ermite Control=
.fter e8cavationC compaction is done on the earthHs surface and then it is treated with termite control (Anti fungus spray)/ =enerall Earth is
treated to control the attac: of the insects to the structure and protecting the Su$3Structure item from future damageI ,iquid spra is spraed
on the Surface of the Earth and is :ept open to the atmosphere for "% hours to :ill all tpes of insects which is li:el to come in future time.
!+
0olythene sheet=
Polthene sheet is laid on the surface of ground after Termite Control Spra is spread. =enerall the are "mm to
'mm thic:. The purpose of laing sheet is to hold the water of concrete and not letting it to have seepage on ground.
=enerall when plain Cement concrete is put on surface of the groundC the water from the concrete will come out and it will $e a$sor$ed $
the earthC then concrete will loose its wor:a$ilit and strength.
!-
0lain Cement Concrete be-= E0/C/C/ )e-F
This is also called as $linding. 4t is just a mi8ture of cementC sand and aggregate without reinforcement. =enerall the =rade of concrete for
P.C.C is used as 2
+.&
with ratio or proportion of concrete as !B%B-. >here ! G one $ag of cementI % G four $ags of SandI - G eight $ags of
.ggregate. .nd %1 liters of water * m
#
. The thic:ness of Blinding is !1cm or !11mm or 1.!1m.
!/
#einforce- cement concrete (#/C/C=
This is a Concrete with cementC sand and aggregate with reinforcement. =enerall the =rade of concrete is used as 2
!&
with ratio !B"B%C >here
! G one $ag of cementI " G two $ags of SandI % G four $ags of .ggregate. .nd #1 liters of water * m
#
1eck column=
The part of Column which comes $etween the top of footing to $ottom of =round $eam is called as 1eck column.
)itumen paint= 4t can $e in liquid form or in Sheet form.
4tHs a $lac: colour paintC painted to the structure wshich is under ground $efore $ac: filling of Soil. The purpose of using the Bitumen paint is to
7i9 4ncrease the life of the structure
7ii9 =ive strength to it
7iii9 To acts as water3proofing agent
7iv9.nd to safe the structure from Corrosion.
"1
'ypes of 7ootings
!. Plain ;ooting
". Step ;ooting
#. 4solated*Strip*Tapered ;ooting
%. Plain Com$ined ;ooting
&. 4solated Com$ined ;ooting
'. Strap footing or <eigh$or footing or Shoe ;ooting
+. Raft ;ooting
-. Pile ;ooting
"!
;/ 0lain 7ooting=2
These footings are generall common in $oth 4ndia as well as =ulf countries. 4t is eas to construct and consume less time. 4t is constructed
where the soil $earing capacit is normal 7=ood9. SBC G "%:n * m
#
CGColumnI ;G;ooting
". Step footing=2
These tpes of footings were constructed in olden dasC now the are out dated.
""
4/ $solate- 7ooting=2
These tpes of footings are constructed for single column and the ma $e in square or rectangular shape.
"#
"%
</ Combine- 7ooting=2
. footing which has more than one column is called as com$ined footing. The are constructed for two or more column and the
ma $e in rectangular or trapeJoidal in shape. 4t is design in a place where the space is limitedC where due to lac: of space we
cannot cast individual footingsC therefore footings are com$ined in to one footing.
"&
&. Strap or <eigh$or or Shoe3footingB3
Shoe footing is the half footing cut3out from the original footing and which has shape of Shoe. 4t is provided on the corner of plot ne8t to
<eigh$orsK plot. >here there is no provision of set$ac: area. The are constructed on propert $oundar.
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<oteB .ll the Shoe3footings are constructed on the soilC where the soil $earing capacit 7SBC9 is normal. SBC = "%kn I m
#
'. Raft ;ootingB3 4ts is one footing in on whole plot and it provided in a pi aces li:e seashore areaC coastal area or$ each area where the
water ta$le is ver high and the soil $earing capacit is wea:. Such as five star hotels and High3rise $uildings near the $eaches.
>hen num$er of column in more than one rowC provided with a com$ined footingC the footing is called as 2at or Raft ;ooting.
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0rocess of e>ecuting #aft=
There are two steps involved in e8ecuting the Raft ;ootingC <amel
7i9 De3watering and
7ii9 Shoring
i De2.atering=
4t is the process of ta:ing off water from e8cavated area and discharging it to an other
place. ii9 Shoring= 4t is nothing $ut Shuttering for the wall of e8cavated pitC to avoid the
sliding of soil.
.
1ote= Raft footing does not have <ec: columnC the start directl from the ground surface $ut reinforcement of nec: column starts from Raft.
B/ 0ile 7ooting=2 The are constructed where e8cessive settlement is to $e eliminated and where the load is to $e transferred through
soft soil stratumC where the Soil $earing capacit is sufficient.
P Piles are nothing $ut round columnsC the ma $e pre3cast or cast3 in3 situ 5cast on site6
P These tpes of footings are provided when the Soil $earing capacit of soil is ver wea: and the =round water ta$le 7level9 is highC
P The main o$jective of providing piles under the footing is to prevent structure from settlement.
P 4f we donHt provide pile under the footingC then the $uilding will have settlement.
P Piles are hammered in to the ground till hard strata 7in compressi$le9 laer of earth is found.
P These tpes of footings are generall designed on sea shore areas.
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A!()adina %nstitute of *uantit+
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'ypes of Columns
P S3uare column or #ectangular column=
The are generall used in construction of $uildingsC which are common in practiceI these tpes of column are provided onl if the shape
of room is rectangular or square.
P Circular column=
The are special designed columnsI the are generall used in piling and in the elevation of $uildings.
P H"I type column=
The are generall used in the corners of the $oundar wall.
P H'I type column=
The are used depending on design requirements and also in over $ridgesC etc.
P H(I type column=
Depending upon the structureC the are also constructed in $uildingsC if the shape of the room is trapeJoidal.
P &e>agon type column=
The are generall modified columns to give a good loo: to the columnC which is provided in open verandah and Halls.
P Arch type column=
These tpes of columns are design if the room has arch shape.
#%
P H*I type column=
These tpes of columns are generall used in the construction of $ridgesC fl3overHsC etc.
#&
P H*I type column .ith arch=
4t is similar to O columnC $ut to give a good loo: to the columnC arch shape is provided.
.
21
#+
'ypes of 7loors=
P Basement ;loor
P Podium ;loor
P =round ;loor
#-
P 2eJJanine ;loor
P ;irst ;loor
P Tpical ;loor
P Helipad
#/
)asement 7loor B
The floor which is constructed $elow ground level for store rooms or mechanical room or par:ing is called as Basement ;loor.
0o-ium 7loor=
The floor which is constructed either $elow ground level or a$ove ground levelC especiall for car par:ing is called as Podium floor.
%roun- 7loor=
The floor which is constructed on ground level is called as =round floor.
MeJJanine 7loor=
The floor which is constructed $etween =round and ;irst ;loor is called as 2eJJanine floor. This tpe of floor is constructed for Services of
$uildingC shops A officesC to provide facilities for the occupants who are living in High3rise $uildings. ;or proper ventilation the ceiling height
of floor is increase
!metre more than the normal ceiling height.
7irst 7loor=
The floor which is constructed a$ove ground floor or a$ove meJJanine floor is called as first floor.
'ypical 7loor= Tpical floor is nothing $ut repeated floor.
The plan which is design for =round floor and want to have the same plan for other floorsC then these floors are called as Tpical floor3! or tpical
floor3
"C etc.
&elipa-=
%1
The floor which is constructed a$ove Roof ;loor and which is used for ,anding of Helicopter or Ta:ing off of Helicopter is called as Helipad.
%!
'ypes of loa-
!. Point load
". (niforml Distri$uted ,oad 5(D,6
#. >ind load
%. Concentric load
&. Rolling load or 2oving load
'. Dead load
+. ,ive load
-. Self load
/. Seismic load
;:/ Eccentric load
&oney comb
Hone com$ is nothing $ut voids or gaps in the concrete structure after removing the wooden or iron Shutter. Hone com$ appears in concrete
structure mainl due to heav reinforcement inside structure. 7;or e8ample more no. of stirrups in columns or $eams etc.9
To prevent concrete from hone com$C 0i$rator should run in concrete in proper manner during filling of concrete. The vi$rator should run with
specific
time. The duration of running vi$rator should not e8ceed more than #1 secondsI otherwise it will start separating water from concreteC which
will let the concrete to lose its wor:a$ilit and strength.
4n some cases even after running the vi$rator hone com$ will appear and in such cases add the admi8ture to cementB mortar and paste it in
voids and concrete will regain its strength.
%"
'ypes of )eams
!. 'ie beam=
The $eam which ties two footings from one face of footing to the other face of footing with linear 7straight9 length is called as Tie $eam.
%#
". S'#A0 beam=
The $eam which ties two footings from one face of footing to another face of footing with inclined length or with an angle is called as Strap
$eam.
%%
A A
c
F F F
S
..... &B$
S
F F F
!il
T4E BE.2 ,!.PC
A
7 7
S
F F F
A A
c
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A!E)adina ln&titute of *uantit+,ur-e+
Head Office:office no.4!4t" floor!#irumala #o$er!Malakpet!H%derabad
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#. 0linth beam or %roun- beam=
The $eam which ties two columns from one face of column to another face of the Column is called as plinth $eam.
Plinth $eams are casted a$ove natural ground level (1/%/" and $elow $uilding ground level ()/%/".
</ Drop beam & $nverte- beam =
Beams under the Sla$ are called as Drop $eams and if the are invertedC then the are called as 4nverted $eams.
?/ Conceale- beam=
The $eam which supports the sla$ within the thic:ness of the sla$ is called as concealed $eam.
5/ Cantilever beam=
The $eam supported on one end and free on other end is called as Cantilever $eam.
'hone no. : ()1)**+,*)-1.& ()1 4+ //.1++-1& ()1)04)+/.*-* 1e%site: """.2uantitysurveyindia.co!
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ALMadina Institute of Quantity
Survey
Head Office: office no. 411, 4th floor, iru!ala o"er, Mala#$et,
Hydera%ad India&
'hone no. : ()1)**+,*)-1.& ()1 4+ //.1++-1& ()1)04)+/.*-* 1e%site: """.2uantitysurveyindia.co!
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P1one no#780899:;98<0=76 80/: >>=0::<076 808?/8:>=9<9 We5&ite#333@uanlit+&ur-e+indiacom #1
'ypes of Slab
!. Conventional
Sla$ 7i9one3wa
sla$ 7ii9Two was
sla$
". Hard or Hord sla$
#. >affle sla$
%. Dome sla$
&. Pitch roof
'. Projected sla$ or portico sla$
+. Pre3stressed sla$
-. Ca$le suspension sla$
/. Sla$ with arches
&!
!1. =rade sla$
!!. Hollow3core ri$$ed sla$
!". Sun:en3sla$ or Depressed sla$
;4/ ,ow roof * ,oft or Chajja
&"
!. 7lat slabs= 'he slab .hich is supporte- on Columns hea- or Column caps .ithout beams is calle- as 7lat slab/
Conventional or Erdinar sla$s are of two tpesC
7i9 ,ne .ay slab= 2ain reinforcement for $ending moment will $e onl in one directionC the other reinforcement will $e
distri$ution steel.
7ii9 '.o .ay slab= Reinforcement for $ending moment will $e in two directions.
&#
9/ &or-y or &ar-y slab=
Hard sla$ or Hord sla$ is a tpe of sla$ which is most commonl used in overseasC the process of e8ecution is as followsB3
&%
Step ; ) ;orm wor: is arranged and then shutters are fi8ed on the form wor:
.
Step 9 ) Hard $loc:s are placed on the shutter with one $ric: gap on the entire shutter
Step 4 ) The gaps $etween the $loc:s are called as ri$. Reinforcement is provided in a form of $eam within the gap such as ri$.
Step < ) .fter placing the ri$C the Plane steel mesh is placed on the entire sla$ area resting on ri$s.
Step ? ) <owC pouring of concrete is done on whole sla$.
1ote ) the thic:ness of sla$ G "+cmI the thic:ness of Hard $loc: G "1cm.
#. @affle slab=
&&
This is a tpe of sla$ where we find hollow hole in the sla$ when the form wor: is removed. This is generall constructed in
the hotelsC universities and restaurantsC etc.
&'
&+
</ Dome slab=
These tpes of sla$s are generall constructed in templesC mosquesC palacesC etc.
&-
?/ 0itch roof=
Pitch roof is an inclined sla$C generall constructed on resorts for a natural
loo:. The are also constructed near gardensC re3creation centersC etc
&/
.
'1
'. 0roDecte- slab=
The sla$ which has one side fi8ed and the other side is free is called as Projected sla$. These tpes of sla$s are generall
constructed in hotelsC universities functionsC hallsC etc. to use that area for dropping or pic:ing up Jone and for loading and
unloading area.
+. 0re2stress Concrete slab=
Pre3stressing is artificiall induced compressive stresses in a structure $efore it is loaded so that the tensile stresses which might
$e caused $ the e8ternal dead and live load are automaticall canceled and the crac:s are eliminated. These are done $ pre3
tensioning and post
tensioning. 4t is $est suited for mass production of pre3cast mem$ers.
-. Cable suspension slab=
4f the span of sla$ is ver longC then we go for ca$le suspension sla$ which is supported on ca$leC such as Howrah Bridge and
,ondon
BridgeC etc.
'!
/. %roun- slab or %ra-e Slab B
The sla$ which is casted on surface of earth is called as =round sla$. This tpe of sla$ is used in Basement ;loor.
'"
!1. Slab .ith arches=
This is a tpe of sla$ which is generall adopted in construction of $ridges.
'#
!!. &ollo. core ribbe- slab=
This is a tpe pre3cast sla$ used to reduce the weight of sla$. This sla$ is directl placed on floor $eam with the help of cranes
and pasted with screed.
'%
!". Sunken slab or Depresse- slab=
This :ind of sla$ is provided onl for toilets A :itchensC so that the drainage pipe can $e laid in to it.
!#. "o. #oof an- "oft= low roof is provided on lintel3level of doors and loft is provided in :itchens for storage of house material.
'&
"o. roof "oft
''
'ypes of .alls
!. Bric: masonr wall
". Course ru$$le stone masonr wall or C.R.S >all
#. Random ru$$le stone masonr wall or R.R.S >all.
%. Retaining wall
&. Shear wall
'. Curtain wall
+. Pre3cast wall
-. Parapet wall
/. Compound or $oundar wall
!1. Drop wall
!!. Partition wall
!". ,oad $earing wall
!#. Core wall
!. )rick masonry .all=
The wall which is constructed with $ric:s is called as $ric: wall. The thic:ness of $ric: wall could $e !1cm or "1cm.
!1cm wall is called as Single $ric: wall or partition wall.
"1cm wall is called as Dou$le $ric: wall or outer wall of house or $oundar
wall. The densit of Bric: G ".%" :gs*cm
#
@ith fine clay K ;/A9 kgsLcm
4
1ote= the length of the Bric: wall in single stretch should not e8ceed more than %m. 4f it e8ceeds a column must and should $e
constructed with $ric:s or R.C.C.
'+
". Course #ubble Stone masonry=
The wall which is constructed with regular siJe of =ranites is called as course ru$$le stone masonr.
#. #an-om #ubble Stone=
The wall which is constructed with irregular siJe of granite is called as Random Ru$$le Stone masonr.
'-
7i9 Bric: wall 7ii9 C.R.S wall 7iii9 R.R.S wall
%. #etaining .all= . wall designed to maintain unequal level of ground on its two faces is called as retaining wall.
The wall which is constructed all around the plot $elow ground level to retain the soil and land sliding after the
earth wor: e8cavation on site is called as retaining wall. Retaining wall can $e made up of R.C.C or C.R.S
'/
&. Shear .all=
The wall which is constructed around the water SumpC lift pit or stair case to retain the soil is called as Shear wall. 4t will
share two pressures i.eC water pressure A soil pressure or water pressure A wind pressure.
'. Curtain .all=
The wall which is constructed with glass and aluminum or steel frame in a long hall to ma:e individual ca$ins is called as
Curtain wall.
+1
+!
+. 0re2cast .all=
The readmade wall which is made up of R.C.C and which is directl installed on site is called as Pre3cast wall.
-. 0arapet .all=
The wall is constructed on the top roof of the $uilding to prevent the falling in anthing from the roof. The height of wall G # ft.
/. )oun-ary .all or compoun- .all=
The wall which is constructed all around the house to show the limits of plot is called as Boundar wall.
!1. Drop .all or 1on2"oa- bearing .all=
+"
4t is a tpe of wall which is ver thin of having thic:ness !U to "U. =enerall it is constructed with Reinforced mesh 7:a$utar
jali9
and cement B mortar plaster.
+#
!!. 0artition .all=
The wall which divides one room to two rooms is called as Partition wall.
!". "oa- bearing .all=
The $uilding structure which is resting on walls instead of columnsC those walls which are $earing the weight of structure
are called as ,oad $earing wall. The thic:ness of wall G #1 cm to %1cm.
;4/ Core .all=
This wall is constructed from foundation and it is used as columns in $uildings and which will rise up to the height of the
$uilding.
+%
'ypes of Stair2case=
+&
+'
+nit Conversion
,ne -imensional calculation=
The distance $etween two points is called as length and the length calculation is called as one dimensional calculation.
'.o2-imensional calculation=
Two3dimensional calculation is carried out in two directionsC i.e. VRU and VOU a8esC so it is also called as area calculation or two
dimensional calculations.
'hree2-imensional calculation=
Three3dimensional calculation is carried out in three directionsC i.e. VRUCUOUAUWU a8es and it is called as volume calculation or three
dimensional calculation.
++
'ypes of unit conversion=
M/6/S unit (Meter26ilogramLSecon-= 2etersC CentimetersC millimeters. These units are called as Engineering units.
7/0/S unit (7oot20oun-LSecon-= ;eetC inches A ards. These units are called as .rchitectural units.
S.no (n
it
Denoted
$
sm$ol
Ene
dimension
7,engt
Two
Dimension
7.re
Three
dimension
70olume
! 2eter 2 2 2 8 2 G 2
"
or S?2 or Square meter 2 8 2 8 2 G 2
#
or C(2 or Cu$ic
meter
" Centimete
r
C
2
C
2
C2 8 C2 G C2
"
or SC2 or Square
centimeter
C2 8 C2 8 C2 G C2
#
or C(C2 or
Cu$ic
centimet
# 2illimeter 2
2
2
2
22 8 22 G 22
"
or S22 or
Square
2illimet
22 8 22 8 22 G 22
#
or C(22
or
Cu$ic
% ;e
et
;
T
;
T
;T 8 ;T G ;T
"
or S;T or Square feet ;T 8 ;T 8 ;T G ;T
#
or C;T or Cu$ic
feet
& 4nc
h
4<CH 4<CH
4<CH 8 4<CH G 4<CH
"
or S4<CH or
Square
inc
4<CH 8 4<CH 8 4<CH G 4<CH
#
or
C4<CH
or Cu$ic
' Oard O
D
O
D
OD 8 OD G OD
"
or SOD or Square ard
OD 8 OD 8 OD G OD
#
or COD or
Cu$ic
ar
S cales=
! meter G !111 mm !U G ".&% cm
! meter G !11 cm !U G "&.% mm
! cm G !1 mm ! ard G #'U
! meter G !.1/#' d ! ard G # feet
Head Office: office no. 411, 4th floor, iru!ala o"er, Mala#$et, Hydera%ad India& 'hone no. : ()1)**+,*)-1.&
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49
! meter G #."- ft !d
"
G / square feet
! meter G #/.#+U ! acre G %-%1 d
"
! feet G !"U ! hectare G ".%+ acre
Head Office: office no. 411, 4th floor, iru!ala o"er, Mala#$et, Hydera%ad India& 'hone no. : ()1)**+,*)-1.&
()1 4+ //.1++-1& ()1)04)+/.*-* 1e%site: """.2uantitysurveyindia.co!
49
Pro$lems on unit conversion with solutions
S.no
Ene dimensional pro$lem
conversion
7length
Two dimensional pro$lem
conversion
7.rea
Three dimensional pro$lem
conversion
70olume
!
!&m G X
fts
Since !m G #."-
ft
!&m
"
G X
fts
"
Since !m G #."-
ft
!&m
#
G X
fts
#
Since !m G #."-
ft
Therefore !& 8 #."-
#
G &"/.+"
"
"" m G X
inches
Since !m G #/.#+U Therefore ""
8 #/.#+U G -''.!%!U
"" m
"
G X
inches
"
Since !m G #/.#+U Therefore "" 8
#/.#+U
"
G #%!11.1'U
"
"" m
#
G X
inches
#
Since !m G
#/.#+U
Therefore "" 8 #/.#+U
#
G
#
".& m G X
mm
Since !m G
!111mm
".& m
"
G X
mm
"
Since !m G
!111mm
".& m
#
G X
mm
#
Since !m G
!111mm
Therefore ".& 8 !111
#
G "&11111111
%
".1 m G X
cm
Since !m G !11
cm
".1 m
"
G X
cm
"
Since !m G !11
cm
".1 m
#
G X
cm
#
Since !m G !11
cm
Therefore ".1 8 !11
#
G "111111
&
!%m G X
d
Since !m G !.1/#
d
!%m
"
G X
d
"
Since !m G !.1/#
d
!%m
#
G X
d
#
Since !m G !.1/#
d
Therefore !% 8 !.1/#
#
G !-.#!
'
!-ft G X
d
Since ! d G #H
Therefore !- * # G '.1
!-ft
"
G X
d
"
Since ! d G #H Therefore
!- * #
"
G ".1 d
"
!-ft
#
G X
d
#
Since ! d G #H Therefore
!- * #
#
G 1.''' d
#
+
!&ft G X
inches
Since ! ft G !"U
Therefore !& 8 !" G
!&ft
"
G X
inches
"
Since ! ft G !"U Therefore
!& 8 !"
"
G "!'1U
"
!&ft
#
G X
inches
#
!& 8 !"
#
G "&/"1U
#
-1
-
!&ft G X m Since ! m G
#."- ft Therefore !&*#."-
G %.&+ m
!&ft
"
G X
m
"
Since ! m G #."-
ft
!&ft
#
G X
m
#
Since ! m G #."-
ft
-!
/
!&ft G X
cm
Since ! ft G !"U
Therefore !& 8 !" G
!-1U Since !U G ".&%cm
Therefore !-1 8 ".&% G %&+."1
"
"
!&ft G X
cm
Since ! ft G
!"U
" "
Therefore !& 8 !" G
"!'1U
Since !U G
!&ft
#
G X
cm
#
!& 8 !"
#
G "&/"1U
#
Since !U G
".&%cm
!
1
!ft G X mm Since ! ft
G !"U Therefore ! 8
!" G !"U Since !U G
"&.%mm
Therefore !" 8 "&.% G #1%.-
mm
!ft
"
G X
mm
"
Since ! ft G !"U
Therefore ! 8 !"
"
G
!%%U
"
Since !U G
!ft
#
G X
mm
#
Since ! ft G !"U
Therefore ! 8 !"
#
G
!+"-U
#
Since !U G
!
!
!" d G X mm Since !
d G #'U Therefore !" 8
#' G %#"U Since !U G
"&.%mm
Therefore %#" 8 "&.% G !1/+".-
mm
"
"
!" d G X
mm
Since ! d G
#'U
" "
Therefore !" 8 #' G
!&&&"U
Since !U G
!" d
#
G X
mm
#
Since ! d G #'U Therefore
!" 8 #'
#
G &&/-+"U
#
Since !U G
"&.%mm
Therefore &&/-+" 8 "&.%
#
G
!
"
!.& d G X cm Since !
d G #'U Therefore !.&
8 #' G &%U Since !U G
".&%cm
Therefore &% 8 ".&% G !#+.!'
cm
!.& d
"
G X
cm
"
!.& 8 #'
"
G !/%%U
"
Since !U G
".&%cm
!.& d
#
G X
cm
#
!.& 8 #'
#
G '//-%U
#
Since !U G
".&%cm
Therefore '//-% 8 ".&%
#
G
!
#
!& d G X
m
Since ! m G !.1/#
d
!& d
"
G X
m
"
Since ! m G !.1/#
d
!& d
#
G X
m
#
Since ! m G !.1/#
d
-"
!
%
"& d G X ft Since ! d
G # ft Therefore "& 8 #
G +& ft
"& d
"
G X
ft
"
Since ! d G #
ft
"& d
#
G X
ft
#
Since ! d G #
ft
!
&
!- d G X inches
Since ! d G #'U
" "
!- d G X inches
Since ! d G #'U
!- d
#
G X inches
#
Since ! d G #'U
-#
Therefore !- 8 #' G '%-U Therefore !- 8 #'
"
G "##"-U
"
Therefore !- 8 #'
#
G -#/-1-U
#
!
'
/'11 mm G X
inches
Since ! inch G
"&.%mm
/'11 mm
"
G X
inches
"
Since ! inch G
"&.%mm
/'11 mm
#
G X
inches
#
Since ! inch G
"&.%mm
!
+
&&11 mm G X
ft
Since ! inch G "&.%mm
Therefore &&11 * "&.% G
"!'.&#&U Since !ft G !"U
Therefore "!'.&#&*!" G !-.1%%
&&11 mm
"
G X
ft
"
Since ! inch G
"&.%mm
Therefore &&11 * "&.%
"
G
-.&"&U
"
&&11 mm
#
G X
ft
#
Since ! inch G
"&.%mm
Therefore &&11 * "&.%
#
G
1.##&U
#
!
-
-11 mm G X cm Since !
cm G !1 mm Therefore
-11 * !1 G -1 cm
-11 mm
"
G X
cm
"
Since ! cm G !1
mm
-11 mm
#
G X
cm
#
Since ! cm G !1
mm
!
/
-11 mm G X m Since ! m G
!111 mm Therefore -11 *
!111 G 1.- m
-11 mm
"
G X
m
"
Since ! m G !111
mm
-11 mm
#
G X
m
#
Since ! m G !111
mm
Therefore -11 * !111
#
G 1.111111-
"
1
/&11 mm G X
d
Since ! inch G "&.% mm
Therefore /&11 * "&.% G
#+%.1!&U Since ! d G #'U
Therefore #+%.1!&*#' G !1.#-/
/&11 mm
"
G X
d
"
Since ! inch G "&.%
mm
Therefore /&11 * "&.%
"
G
!%.+"&U
"
/&11 mm
#
G X
d
#
Since ! inch G "&.%
mm
Therefore /&11 * "&.%
#
G
1.&+/+U
#
Since ! d G
"
!
-&1 cm G X d Since ! inch G
".&% cm Therefore -&1 * ".&% G
##%.'%&U Since ! d G #'U
Therefore ##%.'%&*#' G /."/&
d
-&1 cm
"
G X
d
"
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
Therefore -&1 * ".&%
"
G
!#!.+&U
"
-&1 cm
#
G X
d
#
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
Therefore -&1 * ".&%
#
G
&!.-+U
#
-%
"
"
'11 cm G X ft Since ! inch G
".&% cm Therefore '11* ".&%
G "#'.""U Since ! ft G !"U
'11 cm
"
G X
ft
"
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
Therefore '11* ".&%
"
G
'11 cm
#
G X
ft
#
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
Therefore '11* ".&%
#
G
-&
Therefore "#'.""*!" G !/.'-& ft Therefore /#.1 *!"
"
G 1.'%& ft
"
Therefore /#.1 *!"
#
G 1.1&#- ft
#
"
#
!11 cm G X inch Since !
inch G ".&% cm Therefore
!11 * ".&% G #/.#+U
!11 cm
"
G X
inch
"
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
!11 cm
#
G X
inch
#
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
"
%
#&11 cm G X
m
Since ! m G !111
mm
#&11 cm
"
G X
m
"
Since ! m G !111
mm
#&11 cm
#
G X
m
#
Since ! m G !111
mm
"
&
'&1 cm G X
mm
Since ! cm G !1
mm
'&1 cm
"
G X
mm
"
Since ! cm G !1
mm
'&1 cm
#
G X
mm
#
Since ! cm G !1
mm
"
'
#11 inch G X mm Since ! inch G
"&.% mm Therefore #11 8 "&.%
G +'"1 mm
#11 inch
"
G X
mm
"
Since ! inch G "&.%
mm
#11 inch
#
G X
mm
#
Since ! inch G "&.%
mm
"
+
"- inch G X cm Since ! inch G
".&% cm Therefore "- 8 ".&% G
+!.!" cm
"- inch
"
G X
cm
"
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
"- inch
#
G X
cm
#
Since ! inch G ".&%
cm
"
-
/!& inch G X
m
Since ! m G #/.#+U Therefore
/!& * #/.#+ G "#."%! m
/!& inch
"
G X
m
"
Since ! m G #/.#+U Therefore
/!& * #/.#+
"
G 1.&/ m
"
/!& inch
#
G X
m
#
Since ! m G #/.#+U Therefore /!&
* #/.#+
#
G 1.1!%/ m
#
"
/
''& inch G X
ft
Since !ft G !"U Therefore
''& * !" G &&.%!' ft
''& inch
"
G X
ft
"
''& * !"
"
G %.'!- ft
"
''& inch
#
G X
ft
#
''& * !"
#
G 1.#-% ft
#
#
1
'&!" inch G X
d
Since !d G #'U Therefore '&!"
* #' G !-1.--- d
'&!" inch
"
G X
d
"
Since !d G #'U Therefore
'&!" * #'
"
G &.1"% d
"
'&!" inch
#
G X
d
#
Since !d G #'U Therefore
'&!" * #'
#
G 1.!#/ d
#
-'
#
!
'H'U G X
ft
Since ! ft G
!"U
' * !" G 1.&
3 3
#
"
/H#UG X
m
Since ! ft G
3 3
-+
# * !" G 1."& ft Therefore /H
N 1."&H G /."& ft Since !m G
#."- ft
Therefore /."&*#."- G ".-"
m
#
#
-H#*%U G X
inch
Since ! ft G
!"U
- 8 !" G
3 3
#
%
%H%U G X cm Since !
ft G !"U Therefore %
8 !" G %-U
%-U N %UH G &"U
Since !U G ".&%
cm
Therefore &" 8 ".&% G !#".1-
3 3
#
&
!"H%U G X mm Since ! ft
G !"U Therefore !" 8 !"
G !%%U
!%%U N %U G !%-U
Since !U G
"&.%mm
Therefore !%- 8 "&.% G #+&/."
3 3
#
'
!-H!"U G X d Since !
ft G !"U Therefore !"
* !" G ! ft
!-H N !H G !/ ft Since
!d G # ft Therefore
!/*# G '.## d
3 3
--
#ate Conversion
0roblem2; = if Rate*ft G !" rupeesI what will $e Rate*m G X
Solution B
2ethod3!B
Since ! m G #."- ft
G !" 8 #."-
G #/.#' or appro8imatel equal to %1 rupees * m
2ethod3"B
!ft G X m
Since !m #."- ft
G !*#."-
G 1.#1% m
Since !ft G 1.#1% m
G 1.#1% m G !" rupees
G ! m G X
G 7!*1.#1%9 8 !"
G #/.%+ or appro8imatel equal to %1 rupees * m
0roblem29 =
Rate*Sft G "& rupees
Rate*m
"
G X
Solution =
2ethod3!B
Since ! m G #."- ft
-/
G "& 8 #."-
"
G "'-./' or appro8imatel equal to "'/.1 rupees * m
"
/1
2ethod3"B
!ft
"
G X m
"
Since !m #."- ft
G !*#."-
"
G 1.1/"/ m
"
Since !ft
"
G 1.1/"/ m
"
G 1.1/"/ m
"
G "& rupees
G ! m
"
G X
G 7!*1.1/"/9 8 "&
G "'/.1 rupees * m
"
0roblem24 =
Rate*Cft G && rupees
Rate*m
#
G X
Solution
2ethod3!B
Since ! m G #."- ft
G && 8 #."-
#
G !/%1.-! or appro8imatel equal to !/%!.1 rupees * m
#
2ethod3"B
!ft
#
G X m
#
Since !m #."- ft
G !*#."-
#
G 1.1"-## m
#
Since !ft
#
G 1.1"-## m
#
G 1.1"-## m
#
G && rupees
56
G ! m
#
G X
G 7!*1.1"-##9 8 &&
G !%!.%1 rupees * m
#
56
Len3th and Area 4alculations
Formulas:
1. S2uare or 5ectan3le
(i) Area = A = L x B
(ii) Peripheral Length = L = (LB) x 2
,. 'ytha3oras theore!
this theorem is use! to "in! out an#
AL$%a!ina &nstitute o" 'uantit# (ur)e#
*ea! o""i+e: o""i+e no, 1-. /roun! "loor. 0irumala 0o1er. %ala2pet. *#!era3a!, Phone no, : 91 44 66-144516 91
955425951-6 1e3site: 111,7uantit#sur)e#in!ia,+om
/#
in+line! length +
2
= a
2
3
2
+ = (a
2
3
2
)
-. rian3le
(i) Area = A = 182 x B x *
(ii) Peripheral Length = L = B * 9
4. Irre3ular rian3le
/%
(i) Area = A = (s(s$a) (s$3) (s$+))
1here s = (a 3
+ )82 (ii) Peripheral Length
= L = a 3 +
/&
*. 62uilateral rian3le
(i) Area = A = (a
2
84) x 5
(ii) Peripheral Length = L = a a a = 5a
/. Isosceles rian3le
(i) Area = A = (a84) x 43
2
$a
2
(ii) Peripheral Length = L = a 3 3 = a 23
/'
.. ra$e7oidal
(i) Area = A = 182 ( a 3) x h
(ii) Peripheral Length = L = a 3 + +
0. He8a3on
(i) Area = A = (4,5 x r x 4,5 x r x
0an64) x 6 (ii) Peripheral Length
= L = 6r
/+
). 4ircle
(i) Area = A = :84 x !
2
1here ! = !iameter o" +ir+le 6
: =
5,14 (ii) Peripheral Length = L = 2 x : x r
1here r = ra!ius o" +ir+le
1+. Se!i4ircle
(i) Area = A = :84 x !
2
x 4,54
/-
: =
x 4,54
11. Quarter 4ircle
(i) Area = A = :84 x !
2
x 4,25
: =
x 4,25
//
1,. Se3!ental Arc
(i) Area = A = 285 x ; x (*
5
82;)
1here ! = !iameter o" +ir+le
* = height o" ar+
(ii) Ar+ Length = L = (<3 $ 2r)85
1here r = ra!ius o"
+ir+le 3 =
(r
2
h
2
)
!11
1ooden or Iron Shutterin3 Area 4alculations
Pro3lem$1: "in! shuttering area "or the gi)en +olumn
(olution: (huttering area = Peripheral length x !epth
,= 2,<4 x
5,4
,= <,4 m
2
peripheral length = L =
(LB) x 2
L = (4,<4 4,64 ) x 2
L = 2,<4 m
*ea! o""i+e: o""i+e no, 1-. /roun! "loor. 0irumala 0o1er. %ala2pet. *#!era3a!, Phone no, : 91 44 66-144516 91 955425951-6
1e3site: 111,7uantit#sur)e#in!ia,+om
!1!
Pro3lem$2: "in! shuttering area "or the gi)en +olumn
(olution: (huttering area = Peripheral length x !epth
,= 1,5- x
5,4
,= 4,-1
m
2
peripheral length = L = 2
x : x r
L = 2 x : x 4,25
L = 1,5- m
!1"
9olu!e of 4oncrete 4alculations
Pro3lem$1: "in! =olume o" +on+rete "or the gi)en >e+tangular +olumn
(olution: )olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth
,= 4,4< x
5,4
,= 1,44 m
5
there"ore area o" +olumn
= L x B
A = 4,<4 x 4,64
A = 4,4< m
2
!1#
Pro3lem$2: "in! =olume o" +on+rete "or the gi)en +olumn
(olution: )olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth
,= 4,196 x 5,4
,= 4,5<<
m
5
there"ore area o" +olumn =
:84 x!
2
A = :84 x 4,5
2
A = 4,196 m
2
!1%
'ro%le!s on :ootin3s
Pro3lem$1: For a gi)en Plain$"ooting "in!
1, )olume o" +on+rete
2, Area o" (huttering
5, Area o" Bitumen paint
(olution:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth
,= L x B x ;
,= 4,<4 x 4,<4 x 4,54
,= 4,52 m
5
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (4,<4 4,<4 ) x 2 x 4,54 F = 4,<4m x 4,<4m x 4,54m
,= 1,6 m
2
9 = 4,55m x 4,55m
!1&
5, Bitumen paint Area = peripheral length x ;epth top area $ 9olumn Area
,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ l x 3 (9olumn ;imension)
,= (4,<4 4,<4 ) x 2 x 4,54 4,<4 x 4,<4 $ 4,55 x 4,55
,= 2,11- m
2
Pro3lem$2: For a gi)en Plain$9om3ine! "ooting "in!
1, )olume o" +on+rete F = 5,54m x 1,24m x 4,64m
2, Area o" (huttering 9
1
= 4,44m x 4,44m
5, Area o" Bitumen paint 9
2
= ?=4,54 6
(olution:
,= L x B x ;
,= 5,5 x 1,24 x 4,64
,= 2,52 m
5
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
!1'
,= (5,5 1,2 ) x 2 x 4,64
,= 5,64 m
2
!1+
,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ l x 3 (9olumn ;imensions)
,= (5,5 1,2 ) x 2 x 4,64 5,5 x 1,2 $ 4,44 x 4,44 $ :84 x 4,5
2
,= 9,4<5 m
2
Pro3lem$5: For a gi)en (hoe$"ooting "in! F = 4,64m x 4,54m x 4,55m
1, )olume o" +on+rete 9 = 4,25m x
4,25m
(olution:
,= L x B x ;
,= 4,6 x 4,54 x 4,55
,= 4,165 m
5
!1-
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (4,64 4,54 ) x 2 x 4,55
,= 1,21 m
2
,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ l x 3 (9olumn ;imension)
,= (4,64 4,54 ) x 2 x 4,55 4,64 x 4,54 $ 4,25 x 4,25
,= 1,44- m
2
!1/
Pro3lem$4: For a gi)en >a"t$"ooting "in! F = 12,5m x 14,6m x
1,44m
9
1
= 4,44m x 4,44m
9
2
= 4,44m x
4,54m
9
5
= 4,54m x
(olution:
,= L x B x ;
,= 12,5 x 14,6 x 1,4
,= 1<5,54 m
5
!!1
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (12,5 14,6 ) x 2 x 1,44
,= 64,6<m
2
there"ore +olumn area = L x B x no, o" +olumns
2 9
1
= 4,44 x 4,44 x 5 = 4,4< m
2
9
2
= 4,44 x 4,54 x 5 = 4,64 m
2
9
5
= 4,54 x 4,54 x 5 = 4,-5 m
0otal 9olumn area = 4,4< 4,64 4,-5 = 1,<5 m
2
,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ l x 3 (9olumn Area)
,= (12,5 14,6 ) x 2 x 1,44 12,5 x 14,6 $ 1,<5
,= 195,55 m
2
!!!
Pro3lem$5: For a gi)en (tep$"ooting "in! F = step$1 : 4,<4m x 4,<4m x
4,25m
1, )olume o" +on+rete F = step$2 : 4,-4m x 4,-4m x
4,25m 2, Area o" (huttering F = step$5 : 4,64m x 4,64m x
4,25m
(olution:
5, Area o" Bitumen paint 9 = 4,54m x 4,54m
,= L x B x ;
step$1 ,= 4,<4 x 4,<4 x
4,25
,= 4,16
m
5
!!"
step$2 ,= 4,-4 x 4,-4 x
4,25
,= 4,122
m
5
step$5 ,= 4,64 x 4,64 x
4,25
,= 4,49
m
5
0otal =olume ,= 4,5-2
m
5
,= (L B ) x 2 x
;
step$1 ,= (4,<4 4,<4 ) x 2 x 4,25
, = 4,<4
m
2
step$2 ,= (4,-4 4,-4 ) x 2 x 4,25
, = 4,-4
m
2
step$5 ,= (4,64 4,64 ) x 2 x 4,25 , = 4,64
m
2
0otal Area ,= 2,14
m
2
5, Bitumen paint Area = peripheral length x ;epth top area $ top step area
step$1 ,= (4,<4 4,<4 ) x 2 x 4,25 4,<4 x 4,<4 $ 4,- x
4,-4
, = 4,95
m
2
step$2 ,= (4,-4 4,-4 ) x 2 x 4,25 4,-4 x 4,-4 $ 4,64 x
4,64
, = 4,<5
m
2
step$5 ,= (4,64 4,64 ) x 2 x 4,25 4,64 x 4,64 $ 4,54 x
4,54
, = 4,<-
m
2
0otal Area ,= 2,65
m
2
!!#
Pro3lem$6: For a gi)en Pile$un!er "ooting (pile$+ap)
"in!
1, )olume o" +on+rete Pile ;imension :
2, Area o" (huttering ? = 4,54m 6 height = 5,5m
(olution:
,= :84 x !
2
x ;
,= :84 x 4,5
2
x 5,5
,= 4,6<- m
5
!!%
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,25 x 5,54
,= 5,49 m
2
5, Bitumen paint Area = peripheral length x ;epth 3ottom area
,= 2 x : x r x ; :84 x !
2
,= 2 x : x 4,25 x 5,54 :84 x 4,5
2
,= 5,6< m
2
!!&
Pro3lem$-: For a gi)en &solate!$"ooting "in! "ooting
!imension:
1, )olume o" +on+rete Bottom !imension : L
1
= 4,<5m6 B
1
= 4,<5m
2, Area o" (huttering 0op !imension : L
2
= 4,54m6 B
2
= 4,54
5, Area o" Bitumen paint ;epth o" Footing = 4,91m
(olution: 9 = 4,55 x 4,55
Part$1: ,= L x B x ;
,= 4,6-5 x 4,6-5 x 4,5<
,= 4,264 m
5
!!'
0here"ore A)erage length @L@ = (L
1
L
2
)82
,= (4,<5 4,54)82
,= 4,6-5m
0here"ore A)erage Brea!th @B@ = (B
1
B
2
)82
,= (4,<5 4,54)82
,= 4,6-5m
,= 4,<5 x 4,<5 x 4,55
,= 4,25< m
5
0otal )olume o" +on+rete "or the "ooting = )ol, o" part$1 )ol, o" part$2
,= 4,264 4,25<
,= 4,542m
5
Part$1: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (4,6-5 4,6-5 ) x 2 x 4,5<
,= 1,566 m
2
Part$2: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (4,<5 4,<5 ) x 2 x 4,55
,= 1,122 m
2
!!+
0otal shuttering area "or the "ooting = area, o" part$1 area o" part$2
,= 1,566 1,122
,= 2,6<< m
2
Part$1: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ L x B (9olumn area)
,= (4,6-5 4,6-5 ) x 2 x 4,5< 4,54 x 4,54 $ 4,55 x 4,55
,= 1,695 m
2
Bitumen paint Area = peripheral length x ;epth
Part$2: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (4,<5 4,<5 ) x 2 x 4,55
,= 1,122 m
2
0otal Bitumen paint area "or the "ooting = area, o" part$1 area o" part$2
,= 1,695 1,122
,= 2,<15 m
2
!!-
Pro3lem$<: For a gi)en 9om3ine! &solate!$
"ooting "in!
5, Area o" Bitumen
paint "ooting
!imension:
Bottom !imension : L
1
= 4,<5m6 B
1
= 4,<5m
0op !imension : L
2
= 4,54m6 B
2
= 4,54
;epth o" Footing = 4,91m
9
1
= 4,55 x 4,55
9
2
= 4,44 x 4,44
(olution:
!!/
,= 2,44 x 1,4 x 4,45
,= 1,4< m
5
0here"ore A)erage length @L@ = (L
1
L
2
)82
,= (2,<4 2,4)82
,= 2,44m
!"1
0here"ore A)erage Brea!th @B@ = (B
1
B
2
)82
,= (1,24 4,<4)82
,=
1,4m
,= 2,<4 x 1,24 x 4,25
,= 4,<4 m
5
0otal )olume o" +on+rete "or the "ooting = )ol, o" part$1 )ol, o" part$2
,= 1,4< 4,<4
,= 1,92m
5
Part$1: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (2,44 1,4 ) x 2 x 4,45
,= 5,46 m
2
Part$2: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (2,<4 1,24 ) x 2 x 4,25
,= 2,4 m
2
0otal shuttering area "or the "ooting = area, o" part$1 area o" part$2
,= 5,46 2,4
,= 5,46 m
2
Part$1: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ; L x B $ L x B (9olumn area)
,= (2,44 1,4 ) x 2 x 4,45 2,4 x 4,<4 $ (4,55 x 4,55 4,44 x 4,44 )
,= 4,5--5 m
2
!"!
Bitumen paint Area = peripheral length x ;epth
Part$2: ,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (2,<4 1,24) x 2 x 4,25
,= 2,4 m
2
0otal Bitumen paint area "or the "ooting = area, o" part$1 area o" part$2
,= 4,5--5 2,4
,= 6,5--5 m
2
!""
'ro%le!s on 4olu!ns
Pro3lem$1: For a gi)en (7uare 9olumn "in!
(olution:
,= L x B x ;
,= 4,45 x 4,45 x 5,4
,= 4,64- m
5
2, Area o" (huttering = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (LB) x 2 x ;
,= (4,45 4,45) x 2 x 5,4
,= 5,44 m
2
5, Area o" Bitumen paint = Peripheral Length x ;epth
!"#
,= (LB) x 2 x ;
,= (4,45 4,45) x 2 x 5,4
,= 5,44 m
2
Pro3lem$2: For a gi)en 9ir+ular 9olumn "in!
(olution:
,= :84 x !
2
x ;
,= :84 x 4,6
2
x 5,4
,= 4,<4< m
5
!"%
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
Pro3lem$5: For a gi)en L$t#pe 9olumn "in!
(olution:
,= 4,1< x 5,4
!"&
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 4,54 m
5
0o "in! the area o" +olumn !i)i!e area in
to t1o parts there"ore area1 = 4,55 x
4,24 = 4,11
area2 = 4,24 x 4,55 =
4,4-
total area 4,1<
m
2
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral length x ;epth
,= 2,24 x 5,4
,= 6,64 m
2
there"ore Peripheral length = 4,55 4,55 4,24 4,55 4,55 4,24
,= 2,24m
,= 2,24 x 5,4
,= 6,64 m
2
!"'
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
Pro3lem$4: For a gi)en 0$t#pe 9olumn "in!
(olution:
!"+
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,654 m
2
,= 4,25 x 5,4
,= 4,69 m
5
to t1o parts there"ore area1 = 4,64 x
4,25 = 4,15
area2 = 4,24 x 4,44 =
4,4<
total area 4,25
m
2
,= 2,54 x 5,4
,= -,54 m
2
there"ore Peripheral length = 4,64 4,25 4,24 4,44 4,24 4,44 4,24 4,25
,= 2,54m
,= 2,54 x 5,4
,= -,54 m
2
!"-
Pro3lem$5: For a gi)en ar+$t#pe 9olumn "in!
(olution:
"irst "in! the ar+ length an! to "in!
this. use segmental ar+ length
"ormula
ar+ length = (<B $
2r)85 1here B =
*
2
r
2
there"ore 1ith +entre line metho!
*eight o" ar+A *A = 4,54m
>a!ius o" ar+ ArA = 4,64m
B = 4,54
2
4,64
2
B = 4,-<1
!"/
ar+ length = (<B $ 2r)85
,= (< x 4,-<1 $ 2 x 4,64) 85
,= 1,6<2m
there"ore Length o" +olumn = 1,6<2m 6 Brea!th o" +olumn = 4,44m an! ;epth o" +olumn = 5,4m
,= L x B x ;
,= 1,6<2 x 4,44 x 5,4
,= 2,41< m
5
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (1,6<2 4,44 ) x 2 x 5,4
,= 12,492 m
2
,= (L B ) x 2 x ;
,= (1,6<2 4,44 ) x 2 x 5,4
,= 12,492 m
2
!#1
Pro3lem$6: For a gi)en A=A$t#pe 9olumn "in!
(olution:
,= 4,2<5 x 5,4
,= 4,<55 m
5
!#!
to t1o parts there"ore area
1
= L x B =
4,4-5 x 4,54 =
4,1425
area
2
= L x B = 4,4-5 x 4,54 =
4,1425 total area =
4,2<5
m
2
L
1
= 4,556 L
2
= 4,44 an! B = 4,54
a)erage L =( L
1
L
2
)82
L ,= (4,55 4,44) 82 (i) area$1 (ii) area$2
L ,= 4,4-5m
,= 2,54 x 5,4
,= -,54 m
2
!#"
there"ore Peripheral length = 4,55 4,55 4,54 4,44 4,44 4,54
,= 2,54m
,= 2,54 x 5,4
,= -,54 m
2
!##
Pro3lem$-: For a gi)en *exagon$t#pe
9olumn "in!
(olution:
,= 4,255 x 5,4
,= 4,699 m
5
Formula to "in! out area o" *exagon= (4,54 x r x 4,54 x r x 0an64) x 6
,= (4,54 x 4,54 x 4,54 x 4,54 x 1,-52) x 6
,= 4,255 m
2
,= 6 x r x ;
,= 6 x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,44 m
2
there"ore Peripheral length = 6r
!#%
,= 6 x r x ;
,= 6 x 4,54 x 5,4
,= 5,44 m
2
!#&
Pro3lem$<: For a gi)en ABA$t#pe 9olumn "in!
5, Area o" paint
(olution:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = "ront area o" 9olumn x thi+2ness o" 9olumn
,= 4,96 x
4,54
,= 4,2<<
m
5
0o "in! out "ront area o" 9olumn. !i)i!e "ront area o" +olumn in to three parts
Area o" part$1 (triangle shape) ,= 182 x 3 x h
,= 4,54 x 4,55 x 4,64
,= 4,145 m
2
!#'
Area o" part$2 (triangle shape) ,= 182 x 3 x h
,= 4,54 x 4,55 x 4,64
,= 4,145 m
2
Area o" part$5 (re+tangle shape) ,= L x B
,= 4,54 x 2,54
,= 4,-5 m
2
0otal Front area o" 9olumn = 4,145 4,145 4,-5
,= 4,96
m
2
2, (huttering Area = "ront area o" +olumn 3a+2 area o" +olumn si!e area o" +olumn si!e area o" +olumn
,= 4,96 4,96 4,--< 4,--<
,= 5,4-6 m
2
there"ore si!e area +an 3e "in! out 3# !i)i!ing the si!e area in to t1o parts :
!#+
part$1:
si!e area "or part$1= L x B
,= 4,54 x 1,94
,= 4,5- m
2
part$2:
!#-
,= 4,54 x 4,694
,= 4,24< m
2
a++or!ing to P#thagoras theorem:
in+line! length = + = (a
2
3
2
)
,= (4,55
2
4,64
2
)
,= 4,694m
*en+e total si!e area = A
1
A
2
,= 4,5- 4,24<
,= 4,--< m
2
5, Area o" paint = Area o" (huttering
,= 5,4-6 m
2
!#/
Pro3lem$9: For a gi)en ABA$t#pe 9olumn 1ith
ar+h "in!
5, Area o" paint
(olution:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Front Area x
thi+2ness o" 9olumn
,= 1,69 x
4,44
,= 4,6-6
m
5
!%1
0o "in! out "ront area o" 9olumn. !i)i!e "ront area o" +olumn in to three parts
1, area o" (7uare = L x B = 4,<4 x 4,<4 2,area o" 9ir+le = :84 x !
2
,= 4,64 m
2
, = :84 x 4,<
2
,=
4,542m
2
;e!u+tion o" +ir+le area "rom s7uare area ,= 4,64 $ 4,542
Area "or "our panels ,= 4,15< m
2
!%!
Area o" ea+h panel ,= 4,15<84
,= 4,545
m
2
!%"
Front area o" +olumn:
1, Part$1 = 4,545 m
2
2, Part$2 = 4,545 m
2
5, Part$5 = L x B = 4,44 x 2,54 = 1,4 m
2
total area = 4,545 4,545 1,4 = 1,69 m
2
2, (huttering Area = "ront area o" +olumn 3a+2 area o" +olumn si!e area o" +olumn si!e area o" +olumn
,= 1,69 1,696 1,491 1,491
,= 5,562 m
2
there"ore si!e area +an 3e "in! out 3# !i)i!ing the si!e area in to t1o parts :
part$1:
!%#
,= 4,44 x 2,14
,= 4,<4 m
2
part$2:
,= 4,44 x 4,62<
,= 4,251 m
2
Formula to "in! out ar+ length "or 7uarter +ir+le :
ar+ length = 2 x : x r x 184
,= 2 x : x 4,44 x
!%%
4,25
,= 4,62< m
*en+e total si!e area = A
1
A
2
,= 4,<4 4,251
,= 1,491 m
2
5, Area o" paint = Area o" (huttering
,= 5,562 m
2
!%&
Pro$lem3!1B
;or a given Roof frame find volume of concrete & area of shuttering for
!. Columns
". Drop Beams
#. Roof Sla$s
Cl = 1.%1 G 1.%1I C" = 1.&1 R 1.%&I C# = 1.%& R 1.'1
%
4.95 Y4 4.55
%
A
Z &1 13333 Z H3.3333%&A 83&11.3
-
Cl C"
%
C#
%
%..&1
%.11
Sl
r, r,
J
%.!1
F i
S"
%.1.&
F
Cl C"
%
C#
S
( 9::EE (
K.B
((r>::( r.rB
3S
%
DrB$l ea ms
%
P,.< SHEC04<= REE; ;R.l04E DET.(.S

. : .o Z .

3.
Head officeB office no. !+C =round floorC Tirumala TowerC 2ala:petC Hdera$ad. Phone no.B N/!%1 ''+!11#!I N/!/&&1"&/#!+I we$siteB www.quantitsurveindia.com
!%'
#.1 !!!
C4E, =
HE4=HT
CE,(lL44<
=.,
SECT4E< D>=.
!%+
(i) (olution "or 9olumns:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth x no, o" 9olumns
,= L x B x ; x no,s
9olumn$1 ,= 4,44 x 4,44 x 5,15 x 2 = 1,44< m
5
9olumn$2 ,= 4,54 x 4,45 x 5,15 x 2 = 1,41- m
5
9olumn$5 ,= 4,45 x 4,64 x 5,15 x 2 = 1,-41 m
5
0otal )olume o" +on+rete re7uire! "or Floor +olumns = 4,126 m
5
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral length x ;epth x no, o" 9olumns
,= (L B) x 2 x ; x no,s
9olumn$1 ,= (4,44 4,44) x 2 x 5,4 x 2 = 9,64 m
2
9olumn$2 ,= (4,54 4,45) x 2 x 5,4 x 2 = 11,44 m
2
9olumn$5 ,= (4,45 4,64) x 2 x 5,4 x 2 = 12,64 m
2
0otal shuttering area re7uire! "or Floor 9olumns = 55,64 m
5
Cote : 1hile +al+ulating shuttering area "or 9olumns. *eight o" +olumn shoul! 3e ta2en up to 9eiling *eight. ex+lu!ing
(la3 thi+2ness,
(ii) (olution "or ;rop Beams:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete "or ;rop 3eam = Area x Length x no, o" 3eams
,= L x B
x ;
a, ;rop 3eam on axis$A 3et1een axis$1 an!
axis$2
,= 4,54 x 4,44 x 4,54 = 4,94
m
5
3, ;rop 3eam on axis$A 3et1een axis$2 an!
axis$5
,= 4,44 x 4,45 x 4,54 = 4,94
m
5
+, ;rop 3eam on axis$B 3et1een axis$1 an!
axis$2
,= 4,54 x 4,54 x 4,54 =
1,125 m
5
!, ;rop 3eam on axis$B 3et1een axis$2 an!
axis$5
,= 4,44 x 4,55 x 4,64 = 1,52
m
5
e, ;rop 3eam on axis$1 3et1een axis$A an!
axis$B
,= 4,14 x 4,44 x 4,54 = 4,<2
m
5
", ;rop 3eam on axis$2 3et1een axis$A an!
axis$B
,= 4,14 x 4,54 x 4,54 =
1,425 m
5
g, ;rop 3eam on axis$5 3et1een axis$A an!
axis$B
,= 4,45 x 4,64 x 4,65 =
1,5-9 m
5
!%-
0otal )olume o" 9on+rete "or ;rop 3eams = -,669 m
5
!%/
2, (huttering Area "or ;rop 3eams = Front area 3a+2 area 3ottom area
,= L x ; L x ;
L x B Cote:
(i) "or "in!ing out shuttering area "or ;rop 3eam. "or internal 3eams. sla3
thi+2ness is to 3e !e!u+te! "rom 3oth si!e o" 3eams. i,e, external an! internal
"a+e,
9al+ulations:
a, ;rop 3eam on axis$A 3et1een axis$1 an! axis$2 ,= 4,54 x 4,54 4,54 x 4,55 4,5 x 4,44 = 5,625 m
2
Cote: "or external ;rop 3eams (la3 thi+2ness has to 3e !e!u+te! "rom !epth o" 3eam "rom internal "a+e o" 3eams
3, ;rop 3eam on axis$A 3et1een axis$2 an!
axis$5
,= 4,4 x 4,54 4,4 x 4,55 4,4 x
4,45
= 5,24
m
2
+, ;rop 3eam on axis$B 3et1een axis$1 an!
axis$2
,= 4,54 x 4,5 4,54 x 4,55 4,54 x
4,54
= 6,4-5
m
2
!, ;rop 3eam on axis$B 3et1een axis$2 an!
axis$5
,= 4,44 x 4,64 4,4 x 4,45 4,4 x
4,55
= 6,44
m
2
e, ;rop 3eam on axis$1 3et1een axis$A an!
axis$B
,= 4,14 x 4,54 4,14 x 4,55 4,14 x
4,44
= 5,125
m
2
!&1
", ;rop 3eam on axis$2 3et1een axis$A an!
axis$B
,= 4,14 x 4,55 4,14 x 4,55 4,14 x
4,54
= 4,92
m
2 Cote: "or internal ;rop 3eams (la3 thi+2ness has to 3e !e!u+te! "rom !epth o" 3eam "rom 3oth si!e o" 3eams
g, ;rop 3eam on axis$5 3et1een axis$A an! axis$B ,= 4,45 x 4,65 4,45 x 4,54 4,45 x 4,64
= -,4<-5 m
2
0otal (huttering area "or ;rop 3eams = 44,452 m
2
!&!
(ii) (olution "or >oo" (la3:
,= L x B x ;
(la3$1 ((1) ,= 4,54 x 4,14 x 4,15 = 2,-6 m
5
(la3$2 ((2) ,= 4,4 x 4,45 x 4,15 = 2,45 m
5
0otal =olume = 5,19 m
5
2, (huttering Area = Bottom area o" (la3
,= L x B
(la3$1 ((1) ,= 4,54 x 4,14 = 1<,45 m
2
(la3$2 ((2) ,= 4,44 x 4,45 = 16,24 m
2
;OM6 SLA< 4AL4=LAIO>
Pro3lem$11: For a gi)en >oo" "rame "in! )olume o" +on+rete D area
o" shuttering "or
1, >oo" (la3
2, ;ome
(la3s
!&"
!&#
!&%
(A) (olution "or >oo" (la3 : 9one ;etails
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth x no, o" (la3s
,= L x B x ; x no,s
!&&
,= 12,54 x 14,<4 x 4,24 x 1 = 2-,4 m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;ome area (iii) ;ome$5 = Area x ;epth
(i) ;ome$1 = Area x ;epth ,= : 84 x !
2
x ;
,= : 84 x !
2
x ; ,= : 84 x 1,64
2
x 4,24
,= : 84 x 2,<4
2
x 4,24 ,= 4,442 m
5
,= 1,251 m
5
(ii) ;ome$2 = Area x ;epth
,= : 84 x !
2
x ;
,= : 84 x 1,<4
2
x 4,24 9#lin!er !etails
,= 4,54< m
5
0otal )olume o" +on+rete re7uire! = 2-,4 $ 1,251 $ 4,54< $ 4,442
,= 24,<59
m
5
!&'
2, (huttering area = (Bottom area o" "loor sla3 peripheral length o" ;ome$1 x ;epth peripheral length o" ;ome$2 x
;epth peripheral length o" ;ome$5 x ;epth)
,= L x B 2 x : x r
1
x ; 2 x : x r
2
x ; 2 x : x r
5
x ;
,= 12,54 x 14,<4 2 x : x 1,44 x 4,24 2 x : x 4,94 x 4,24 2 x : x 4,<4 x 4,24
,= 15<,<9 m
2
;e!u+tion o" ;ome area
(i) ;ome$1 = Bottom Area o" ;ome$1 (iii) ;ome$5 = Bottom Area o" ;ome$5
,= : 84 x !
2
,= : 84 x !
2
,= : 84 x 2,<4
2
,= : 84 x 1,64
2
,= 6,15- m
2
,= 2,41 m
2
(ii) ;ome$2 = Bottom Area o" ;ome$2 0otal shuttering area re7uire! = 15<,<9 $ 6,15- $ 2,544 $ 2,41
,= : 84 x !
2
,= 12<,1-6 m
2
,= : 84 x 1,<4
2
,= 2,544 m
2
(B) (olution "or ;ome
(la3s :
;o!e1:
!&+
semi$+ir+le length = 2 : r x 182
,= 2 x : x 1,44 x 4,5
,= 4,59< m
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth 2, (huttering area = 3ottom area o" !ome
,= : 84 x !
2
x ; ,= : 84 x !
2
,= : 84 x 4,59<
2
x 4,15 ,= : 84 x 4,59<
2
,= 2,2-< m
5
,= 15,191 m
2
!&-
;o!e,:
semi$+ir+le length = 2 : r x 182
,= 2 x : x 4,94 x 4,5
,= 2,<2- m
!&/
,= : 84 x !
2
x ; ,= : 84 x !
2
,= : 84 x 2,<2-
2
x 4,15 ,= : 84 x 2,<2-
2
,= 4,941 m
5
,= 6,2-6 m
2
;o!e-:
(egmental ar+ length = (<B$2>)85 1here B = >
2
*
2
there"ore ;= 1,64m 6 > = 4,<4m 6 * = 4,64m
!'1
B = >
2
*
2
B = 4,<4
2
4,64
2
B = 1,4
Ar+ length ALA = (< x 1,4 $ 2 x 4,<4)85
,= 2,155m
!'!
,= : 84 x !
2
x ; ,= : 84 x !
2
,= : 84 x 2,155
2
x 4,15 ,= : 84 x 2,155
2
,= 4,555 m
5
,= 5,5-5 m
2
(B) (olution "or
%inaret :
9#lin!er:
,= : 84 x !
2
x ;
,= : 84 x 4,54
2
x 5,54
,= 4,6<- m
5
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral length x !epth
,= 2 x : x r x ;
,= 2 x : x 4,25 x 5,5
!'"
,= 5,49- m
2
9one:
1, =olume o" 9on+rete = Area x ;epth x 185
,= : 84 x !
2
x ; x 185
,= : 84 x 4,-4
2
x 1,24 x 185
,= 4,155 m
5
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral length x !epth x 185
,= 2 x : x r x ; x 185
,= 2 x : x 4,55 x 1,24 x 185
,= 4,<-9 m
2
!'#
4alculation for the Quantities of 5oof Sla% "ith ;o!e Sla%
S.no ;escri$tion ite! no.s len3t
h
%readt
h
de$t
h
9olu!e
of
area
of
5e!ar
#s i
n
i
n
i
n
4oncr
ete
shutt
er
!etr
e
!etr
e
!etr
e
in !
-
in !
,
1 :loor Sla% S 1 1,.*+
+
1+.0+
+
+.,+
+
,..++
+
1-0.0
)/
;eduction of
area;o!e1 ;M1 1 ?
@
,.0+
+
+.,+
+
1.,-,
/.1*0 ;o!e, ;M, 1 ?

@
1.0+
+
+.,+
+
+.*+)
,.*4* ;o!e- ;M- 1 ?

@
1./+
+
+.,+
+
+.4+,
,.+11
, ;o!e1 ;M1 1 ?
@
4.-)
0
+.1*
+
,.,.
)
1*.1)
1 ;o!e, ;M, 1 ?
@
,.0,
.
+.1*
+
+.)4
,
/.,.
. ;o!e- ;M- 1 ?
@
,.1-
-
+.1*
+
+.*-
/
-.*.
-
- Minaret
4ylinder c
y
1 ?
@
+.*+
+
-.*+
+
+./0
.
*.4)
0 4o
ne
cne 1 ?
@
+..+
+
1.,+
+
+.1*
4
+.00
+
otal ,).4*
*
1*)./
+,
<<
HARIJ ,!AB CA!CK!A2%.L
Pro5lemE
0;#
For a gi-en dra3ing of Hard+ ,la5 find
0 Molume of Concrete
; Area of ,1uttering
H .RDO BR4C@
r
1. "1
P,.< E ; H.RDO S,.B
;,EER BE.2
AlE)adina %nstitute of *uantit+ ,ur-e+
Head office#office no0=$ Ground floor$ 2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no#780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=63e5site# 333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
89
TEP 2ESH
3
r
o
r
o=
341."+m !
H.RDO BR4 C@
Head office#office no0=$ Ground floor$ 2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no#780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=63e5site# 333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
89
(A) (olution "or *ar!#
(la3 :
,= L x B x ;
,= 4,94 x 5,4 x 4,2- = 6,615 m
5
;e!u+tion "or the *ar!# Bri+2s:
=olume o" *ar!# Bri+2 = L x B x ; x no, o" Bri+2s
,= 4,44 x 4,24 x 4,24 x 2<
,= 4,44< m
5
0otal =olume o" 9on+rete re7uire! = 6,615 $ 4,44<
E ,= 6,16-
m
5
,= L x B
,= 4,94 x 5,4
,= 24,54 m
2
94
P&90F>G (*HI&C/ ;G0A&L( HF *A>;B (LAB D *A>;B B>&9J( PLA9G; HC (*F00G>&C/
94
'A(()* S)AB CA)C+)A#IO,
Pro5lemE0<#
For a gi-en dra3ing of Waffle
,la5 find
!. Molume of Concrete
%
9;:
%
DODD
oFEF
DDDDD
3
3
3
.;;,ECE<E
DDDDD
CN
::

o.ri
1 ."1
DDDDD DDDDD
0

A!E)adina %nstitute of *uantit+ ,ur-e+
Head office# office no0=$Ground floor$ 2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$H+dera5ad P1one no# 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site# 333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
80
>.;;,E CEB<KE
P,..< E; >.;;,E S,.B
;,EER BE.2
TEP lB04ESH
ltom T
0.21
1."1
0
>.;;,E CE<E
SECT4E< D>=.
Head office# office no0=$Ground floor$ 2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$H+dera5ad P1one no# 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site# 333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
80
(A) (olution "or Ia""le (la3 :
,= L x B x ;
,= 5,24 x 5,<4 x 4,2- = <,145 m
5
;e!u+tion "or the Ia""le 9one: L1 = 4,246 B1 = 4,24
L2 = 4,44: B2 =
4,44
=olume o" Ia""le 9one = L x B x ; x no, o" 9ones A)erage Length = (L1 L2)82
,= 4,54 x 4,54 x 4,24 x 25 ,= (4,24 4,44)82
,= 4,45 m
5
,= 4,54m
0otal =olume o" 9on+rete re7uire! = <,1452 $ 4,45 A)erage Brea!th = (B1 B2)82
E ,= -,6952 m
5
,= (4,24 4,44)82
,= 4,54m
,= L x B
,= 5,24 x 5,<4
92
,= 54,16 m
2
92
-I#CH ROO( CA)C+)A#IO,
Pro5lemE0/#
For a gi-en dra3ing of Pitc1
Rooffind
0Molume of Concrete
;Area of
,1uttering
I
I
Head office# office no0=$Ground floor$2irumala 2o3er$)alak4et$H+dera5ad P1one no# 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site#333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
!+#
<:
.G #.1 IB G #.!'"
c = MO<:
"
7
0:
"
9
c = <0>; m Oinclined
lengt1P
Head office# office no0=$Ground floor$2irumala 2o3er$)alak4et$H+dera5ad P1one no# 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site#333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
!+%
(A) (olution "or Pit+h >oo" :
1, =olume o" 9on+rete "or ea+h panel = Area x thi+2ness o" sla3
,= (a84) x (43
2
$ a
2
) x t
,= (584) x (4 x 5,162
2
$ 5,4
2
) x 4,15
,= 4,1-5 x 4,15
,= 4,626 m
5
no, o" panels = 6
total =olume o" 9on+rete re7uire! = 4,626 x 6 = 5,-56 m
5
2, (huttering Area = Peripheral length x thi+2ness o" sla3 Bottom area o" (la3
,= 6> x t sla3 area
,= 6 x 5,4 x 4,15 25,45
,= 2-,-5 m
2
area o" ea+h panel = (a84) x (43
2
$ a
2
)
,= (584) x (4 x 5,162
2
$ 5,4
2
)
,= 4,1-5 m
2
no, o" panels = 6
total area = 6 x 4,1-5 = 25,45 m
2
!+&
S6MI5O=>; SAI54AS6 4AL4=LAIO>
Pro3lem$15: For a gi)en !ra1ing o" (emi$roun! (tair$
+ase "in!
1, =olume o" 9on+rete
*eight o" riser =
4,15m
0rea!
=
>a!ius o" 1aist (la3 =
5,54m
*eight o" 9eiling = *eight o" >iser x
Co, o" >iser
!+'
,= 4,15 x 24
,= 5,64m
Iaist (la3 thi+2ness =
4,15m Ii!th o" Iaist
(la3 = 1,54m no, o"
(tep = 24
!++
(A) (olution "or stair +ase :
0o "in! out semi$+ir+le length the "ormula = 2
x : x r x 4,54 there"ore ra!ius o" 1aist sla3
ArA= 5,54m
&n+line! length = (14,99
2

5,64
2
) 9 ,=
11,56m
!+-
,= 2 x : x 5,5 x 4,54 ,= 14,99m (linear length)
!+/
1. 1aist Sla%:
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or 1aist sla3 ,= Area x thi+2ness
,= L x B x ;
,= 11,56 x 1,54 x 4,15
,= 2,254 m
5
(3) (huttering Area "or 1aist sla3 ,= L x ; x 2 B x ; L x B
,= 11,56 x 4,15 x 2 1,54 x 4,15 11,56 x 1,54
,= 1<,691 m
2
,. Ste$s:
length o" step = 1,54m
1i!th o" trea! = 4,54m on one si!e an! 4,44m on other si!e
!-1
A)erage 1i!th o" riser = (4,54 4,44)82
B ,= 4,55m
*eight o" >iser = 4,15m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or (tep ,= Area x length o" step x no, o" steps
,= 182 x 3 x h x L x no, o" steps
,= 4,54 x 4,55 x 4,15 x 24
,= 4,65 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or (tep ,= (182 x B x * x 2 L x ;) x no,s
,= (4,54 x 4,55 x 4,15 x 2 1,54 x 4,15) x 24
,= 5,94 m
2
!-!
-. Hand5ail :
there"ore L =
11,56m
B =
4,14m ;
= 4,<4m
no,s = 2
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or *an!$>ail ,= area x !epth x no, o" *an! rails
,= L x B x ; x no,s
,= 11,56 x 4,14 x x 4,<4 x 2
,= 1,<49 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or *an!$>ail ,= (LB) x 2 x ; x no,s
,= (11,56 4,14) x 2 x 4,<4 x 2
,= 5-,512 m
2
AiB 0otal 9on+rete "or stair +ase ,= 2,254 4,65 1,<49
,= 4,-55
m
5
!-"
AiiB 0otal (huttering area "or stair$+ase,= 1<,691 5,94 5-,512
,= 61,945 m
2
!-#
)I(#--I# CA)C+)A#IO,
Pro$lem3!&B
;or a given drawing of !iftE Pit find
!. 0olume of Concrete
". .rea of Shuttering
".!1
T
1. "1
P,.< E; (;T3P4T
C. PS(,E ,4;T
!-%
=.,
=.,
SHE.R >.,,
P,.T3;ER2
B E TTE2
S,.B
P.C.C
BED
SECT4E< D>=. E;
,4;T3P4T
0;
:
j
( Ef E t
:;:
:0:
!-&
(A) (olution "or Li"t$Pit :
1. 'lain 4e!ent 4oncrete <ed :
L = 2,54m 6 B = 2,4m 6 0 = 4,14m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or p,+,+ 3e! ,= area x thi+2ness o" p,+,+ 3e!
,= L x B x ;
,= 2,54 x 2,4 x 4,14
,= 4,46 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or p,+,+ 3e! ,= (LB) x 2 x ;
,= (2,54 2,4) x 2 x 4,14
,= 4,<6 m
2
,. <otto! sla% :
L = 2,14m 6 B = 1,<4m 6 0
= 4,24m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or Bottom sla3 ,= area x thi+2ness o" 3ottom sla3
,= L x B x ;
,= 2,14 x 1,<4 x 4,24
,= 4,-56 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or Bottom sla3 ,= (LB) x 2 x ;
,= (2,14 1,<4) x 2 x 4,24
,= 1,56 m
2
-. Shear "all alon3 Hori7ontal $lane :
L = 2,14m 6 B = 4,24m 6 *
!-'
= 1,24 m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or (hear 1all ,= area x !epth x no, o" 1alls
,= L x B x ; x no,s
,= 2,14 x 4,24 x 1,24 x 2
,= 1,44< m
5
!-+
(3) (huttering area "or (hear 1all ,= L x ; x 2 x no,s
,= 2,14 x 1,24 x 2 x 2
,= 14,4< m
2
4. Shear "all alon3 vertical $lane :
L = 1,44m 6 B = 4,24m 6 * = 1,24 m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or (hear 1all ,= area x !epth x no, o" 1alls
,= L x B x ; x no,s
,= 1,44 x 4,24 x 1,24 x 2
,= 4,6-2 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or (hear 1all ,= L x ; x 2 x no,s
,= 1,44 x 1,24 x 2 x 2
,= 6,-2m
2
*. 'latfor!s :
L = 4,44m 6 B = 4,44m 6 * = 4,54 m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or Plat$
"orm
,= area x !epth x no, o" plat$"orms
,= L x B x ; x no,s
,= 4,44 x 4,44 x 4,54 x 2
,= 4,16 m
5
(3) (huttering area "or Plat$"orm ,= (L B) x 2 x ; x no,s
,= (4,44 4,44) x 2 4,54 x 2
,= 1,64 m
2
Ai
B
Ai
0otal =olume o" 9on+rete "or Li"t$Pit
0otal (huttering area "or Li"t$Pit
,= 4,46 4,-56 1,44< 4,6-2 4,16 =
5,456 m
5
,= 4,<6 1,56 14,4< 6,-2 1,64 =
!--
#AM0 C.,C(,.T4E<
Pro5lemE09# For a gi-en dra3ing of Ram4 find
0 Molume of Concrete
B.SE2E<T ;,EER !A!
1
C6
PlE
R.lv.4P .T E<TR.<CE @
DR40E3>.O ======
E.CH P.R@ThT=G# ER# 1
P,.<
=., =.,
<8:
(......
BC.
( BZZ.(
0.20
N&
&& N & (#
( : :: (
C792P.CTED ,.%2 & ( (
6
F( (
8?:
SECT4E< D>=.
Head office#office no0=$ Ground floor$lirumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no#780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=63e5site#333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
!-/
...$
(#. .... .(
Head office#office no0=$ Ground floor$lirumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no#780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=63e5site#333@uantit+sur-e+indiacom
!/1
(A) (olution "or >amp :
1. 5a!$ at entrance:
L = 14,54- m 6 B = 4,4m 6
0 = 4,24m + = (a
2
3
2
)
+ = (9,<4
2
5,94
2
)
+ = 14,54-m
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or >amp ,= area x thi+2ness o" >amp
,= L x B x ;
,= 14,54- x 4,4 x 4,24
,= <,45- m
5
,= (14,54- 4,4) x 2 x 4,24
,= 5,<1 m
2
!/!
,. 5a!$ at e8it:
L = 14,54- m 6 B = 4,24m 6 0 = 4,24m
+ = (a
2
3
2
)
+ = (9,<4
2
5,94
2
)
+ = 14,54-m
!/"
(a) =olume o" 9on+rete "or >amp ,= area x thi+2ness o" >amp
,= L x B x ;
,= 14,54- x 4,24 x 4,24
,= <,<59 m
5
,= (14,54- 4,24) x 2 x 4,24
,= 5,<9 m
2
AiB 0otal 9on+rete "or 3oth >amps = <,45- <,<59 = 1-,296 m
5
AiiB 0otal (huttering area "or 3oth >amps = 5,<1 5,<9 = 11,-4 m
5
SA>;A5; ;AA I> M65I4 SCS6M
1 9ement : %ortar >e7uire! "or Bri+2 1or28m
5
2 9ement : %ortar >e7uire! "or Plastering8m
5
4e!ent : Mortar re2uired for <ric# 1or# Afor 1!
-
of <ric#
"or#B
S.no 'ro$ortion or
ratio
Sand
in
4e!e
nt
4e!e
nt
4e!e
nt
in !
-
in
D3s
in
<a3s
in !
-
1 . 1:- +.,+ )/.+
+
1.),
+
+.+/
/
, . 1:4 +.,+ .,.+
+
1.44
+
+.+*
+ - . 1:* +.,+ *../
+
1.1*
,
+.+4
+ 4 . 1:/ +.,+ 40.+
+
+.)/
+
+.+-
- * . 1:. +.,+ 41.1
4
+.0,
,
+.+,
0 / . 1:0 +.,+ -/.+
+
+..,
+
+.+,
*
5 9on+rete$%ix ;esign 1ith !i""erent proportion D ratios8m
5
AaB 4e!ent in !
-
: 1444 2gs = 1m
5
96,4 2gs = K m
5
96,481444
!/#
,= 4,466 m
5
For 1m
5
o" 9:% (an! = 4,24 m
5
9onstant "or all proportion
For 1m
5
o" 9:%9ement in 2gs = (4,24 x 1444)8last !igit o" ratio or proportion
,= 4,24 x 144485
,= 96,4
2gs there"ore ea+h 3ag o" +ement
= 542gs 9ement in Bags ,=
96,4854
,= 1,92 3ags
!/%
Standard 1ei3ht E ;ensity
1
Ieight o" 9ement in
2gs8m
5
,= 1444 2gs
2 Ieight o" ea+h 9ement
Bag
,= 54 2gs
5 Co, o" 9ement 3ags 8m
5
,= 1444854
4 Ieight o" (an! 8m
5
,= 2<,<4 or approximatel# e7ual to 29 3ags
,= 16442gs to 1-54 2gs, (an! 1eight )aries !epen!ing on +on!ition i,e, ;r# or
%oisturiLing
5 Ieight o" Aggregate 8m
5
,= 2444 2gs
6 Ieight o" Iater 8 m
5
,= 1444 2gs
- Ieight o" Iater 8litre ,= 1 2g
< ;ensit# o" 9on+rete 8m
5
,= 2444 2gs
9 ;ensit# o" (teel 8m
5
,= -<54 2gs
14 ;ensit# o" Bri+2 ,= 1,92 grms8+m
5
(Cormal +la#) or 2,42 grms8+m
5
(Fine 9la#)
11 Ieight o" 9on+rete 8m
5
,= 2544 2gs to 2<44 2gs (>,9,9)
12
%
15
= 1:2:4
A%B
Ihere %
15
= /ra!e o" 9on+rete 1 ton = 1444 2gs
%= %ix$;esign 1 7uintal = 144 2gs
15 = 9ompressi)e (trength o" 9on+rete 1 2g = 1444 grms
1 = 1 3ag o" 9ement
2 = 2 3ags o" (an!
4e!ent : Mortar re2uired for 'lasterin3 Afor 1!
-
of 4:M for
'lasterin3B
S.no 'ro$ortion or
ratio
Sand
in
4e!e
nt
4e!e
nt
4e!e
nt
in !
-
in
D3s
in
<a3s
in !
-
1 . 1:- 1.,* /++.+
+
1,.+ +.41
.
, . 1:4 1.,* 4*+.+
+
)
.
+.-1
- - . 1:* 1.,* -/+.+
+
.
.
+.,*
+ 4 . 1:/ 1.,* -++.+
+
/
.
+.,+
0 * . 1:. 1.,* ,*..1
4
*.14
-
+.1.
) / . 1:0 1.,* ,,*.+
+
4
.
+.1*
/
4 = 4 3ags o" Aggregate
4e!ent in !
-
: 1444 2gs = 1m
5
!/&
644,4 2gs = K m
5
644,481444
,= 4,4166 m
5
For 1m
5
o" 9:% (an! = 1,25 m
5
For 1m
5
o" 9:%9ement in 2gs = (1,25 x 1444)8last !igit o" ratio or proportion
,= 1,25 x 144485
,= 644,4
2gs there"ore ea+h 3ag o" +ement =
542gs
9ement in Bags ,= 644854 ,= 12 3ags
!/'
Feneral 'ractice :
Plastering is !one in t1o +oats i,e, 1
st
+oat D 2
n!
+oat
1
st
+oat is +alle! as >ough 9oat 1ith 9ement : %ortar ratio 1:6
2
n!
9oat is +alle! as Finish 9oat 1ith 9ement : %ortar ratio 1:5
0otal thi+2ness o" Plaster shoul! 3e +onsi!er as 24mm
or 2+m or 4,42 m thi+2ness "or 1
st
+oat o" plaster ,
= 12mm
thi+2ness "or 2
n!
+oat o" plaster , =
<mm total thi+2ness ,=
24mm
Ac
B
4e!ent in !
-
: 1444 2gs = 1m
5
165,64 2gs = K m
5
165,6481444
4e!ent, Sand E A33re3ate re2uired for different Frades of 4oncrete
G!
-
S.no Frade
of
5atio
of
Sand
in
A33re3
ate
4e!e
nt
4e!e
nt
4oncre
te
4oncre
te
in !
-
in !
-
in
D3s
in
<a3s
1 M
..*
.
1:4:0
+.4/ +.), 1/*.
/
-.-1
,
+.11*
, M
1+
.
1:,:4
+.4/ +.), --1.
,
/./,
4
+.,-
- M
1*
.
1:1.*:-
+.4/ +.), 441.
/
0.0-
,
+.-+.
4 M
,+
.
1:1:,
+.4/ +.), //,.
4
1-.,4
0
+.4/
* M
,*
.
1:+..*:1
+.4/ +.), 00-.
,
1..//
4
+./1-
/ M
-+
.
1:+.*:1
+.4/ +.), 1-,4.
0
,/.4)
/
+.),
. M
4+
.
1:+.,*:+
+.4/ +.), ,/4).
/
*,.))
,
1.04
5
,= 4,115 m
!/+
For 1m
5
o" 9on+rete (an! = 4,46 m
5
For 1m
5
o" 9on+rete Aggregate = 4,92 m
5
For 1m
5
o" 9on+rete 9ement in 2gs = (4,92 x 1444)8last !igit o" ratio or proportion
,= 4,92 x 14448<
,= 165,64 2gs
Ga+h 3ag o" +ement = 542gs
0here"ore 9ement in Bags ,= 165,64854
,= 5,512 3ags
!/-
<ric# 1or# 4alculations E $ro%le!s
A, &n!ian >e! Bri+2
(iLe o" Bri+2 , = 9@ x 4@ x 5@
,= 4,22<6m x 4,14m x 4,4-62m
=olume o" ea+h Bri+2 = 4,441-41 m
5
no, o" 3ri+2s 8 m
5
,= total =olume o" 3ri+2 1or2
=olume o" ea+h Bri+2
B, H)erseas
Bri+2s
,= 184,441-41
,= 5-4,5< or approximatel# e7ual to 5-5 3ri+2s
!//
(iLe o" ea+h Bri+2 ,= 4,44m x 4,24m x 4,24m
=olume o" ea+h Bri+2 = 4,416 m
5
no, o" 3ri+2s 8 m
5
,= total =olume o" 3ri+2 1or2
=olume o" ea+h Bri+2
,= 184,416
,= 62,54 or approximatel# e7ual to 65 3ri+2s
'ro%le!1:
For an area o" 164 m
2
1ith 1all thi+2ness 14 +m "in!
(i) Co, o" 3ri+2s
(ii) 9:% re7uire! "or Bri+2 1or2 1ith ratio 1:6
(olution
1, )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 = Area x thi+2ness
,= 164 x 4,14
,= 16 m
5
"11
2, Co, o" 3ri+2s = t otal )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2
=olume o" ea+h 3ri+2
,= 1684,441-41
5, 9:% re7uire! "or
Bri+2 1or2: (i) (an! =
1m
5
= 4,24
m
5
16 m
5
= K
m
5
,= 16 x 4,24
,= 5,24 m
5
(ii) 9ement = 1m
5
= (4,24 x 1444)86 no, o" 9ement 3ags = -6< 8 54
1 m
5
,= 4< 2gs ,= 15,56 or approximatel# e7ual to 16 3ags
16 m
5
,= K m
5
,= 16 x 4<
,= -6< 2gs
'ro%le!,:
For an area o" 1<44 "t
2
1ith 1all thi+2ness 24 +m "in!
(i) Co, o" 3ri+2s
(olution
1, )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 = Area x thi+2ness 1<44 "t
2
= K m
2
,= 16-,511 x 4,24 there"ore 1m = 5,2< "t
,= 55,462 m
5
,= 1<4485,2<
2
"1!
,= 16-,511
m
2
2, Co, o" 3ri+2s = t otal )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2
,= 55,46284,441-41
,= 19219,9< or approximatel# e7ual to 19224 3ri+2s
"1"
5, 9:% re7uire! "or
Bri+2 1or2: (i) (an! =
1m
5
= 4,24
m
5
55,462 m
5
= K
m
5
,= 55,462 x
4,24
,= 6,692
m
5
(ii) 9ement = 1m
5
= (4,24 x 1444)85 no, o" 9ement 3ags = 192-,41 8 54
1 m
5
,= 5-,6 2gs ,= 5<,54< or approximatel# e7ual to 59 3ags
55,462 m
5
,= K m
5
,= 55,462 x 5-,64
,= 192-,41 2gs
'ro%le!-:
For a gi)en plan "in!
"1#
(i) Co, o" 3ri+2s
; = 1,4 M 2,14
*eight o" 9eiling = 5,4 m
(olution
Length o" 1all = A L A = 5,44 x 2 4,4 x 2 = 1<,<4m
L = 1<,<4
m B =
4,24 m ;
= 5,4 m
1 )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 = Area x thi+2ness
,= 1<,<4 x 4,24 x 5,4
,= 11,2< m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor = L x B x ; = 1,4 x 2,14 x 4,24 = $4,42 m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor Lintel = L x B x ; = 1,24 x 4,14 x 4,24 = $4,424 m
5
Cote:
Brea!th o" Lintel = thi+2ness o" 1all = 4,24 m
"1%
"or Lintel ;imension 14+m 3earing shoul! 3e a!!e! on ea+h si!e o" length o" ;oor an! *eight o" lintel = 4,14m
0otal =olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 a"ter !e!u+tions = 11,2< $ 4,42 $ 4,424 = 14,<56 m
5
"1&
2 Co, o" 3ri+2s = t otal )olume o" 3ri+2
1or2
,= 14,<5684,441-41
5 9:% re7uire! "or Bri+2
1or2: (i) (an! = 1m
5
= 4,24 m
5
14,<56 m
5
= K
m
5
,= 14,<56 x
4,24
,= 2,16-
m
5
(ii) 9ement = 1m
5
= (4,24 x 1444)85 no, o" 9ement 3ags = 624,1558 54
1 m
5
,= 5-,6 2gs ,= 12,4< or approximatel# e7ual to 15 3ags
14,<56 m
5
,= K m
5
,= 14,<56 x 5-,64
,= 624,155 2gs
"1'
'ro%le!4:
(i) Co, o" 3ri+2s
; = 1,4 M 2,14
*eight o" 9eiling = 5,4 m
(olution :
(i) "or Gxternal 1all or 24+m 1all
Length o" 1all = A L A = 14,44 x 2 4,4 x 2 =
2<,<4m
L = 2<,<4 m B = 4,24 m
; =
5,4 m
)olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 "or 24+m 1all = Area x thi+2ness
,= L x B x ;
,= 2<,<4 x 4,24 x 5,4
,= 1-,2< m
5
"1+
(ii) "or internal 1all or 14+m 1all
Length o" 1all = A L A = 4,4m
L = 4,4 m B = 4,14 m ; = 5,4
m )olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 "or 14+m 1all = Area
x thi+2ness
,= L x B x ;
,= 4,4 x 4,14 x 5,4
,= 1,24 m
5
(iii) 0otal =olume o" Bri+2 1or2 ,= 1-,2< 1,24 = 1<,4< m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor = L x B x ; x no,s = 1,4 x 2,14 x 4,24 x 1 = $4,42 m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor = L x B x ; x no,s = 1,4 x 2,14 x 4,14 x 1 = $4,21 m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor Lintel = L x B x ; x no,s = 1,24 x 4,14 x 4,24 x 1 = $4,424 m
5
;e!u+tion o" ;oor Lintel = L x B x ; x no,s = 1,24 x 4,14 x 4,14 x 1 = $4,412 m
5
Cote:
Brea!th o" Lintel = thi+2ness o" 1all = 4,24 m
"or Lintel ;imension 14+m 3earing shoul! 3e a!!e! on ea+h si!e o" length o" ;oor an! *eight o" lintel = 4,14m
0otal =olume o" 3ri+2 1or2 a"ter !e!u+tions = 1<,4< $ 4,42 $ 4,21 $ 4,424 $ 4,412 = 1-,<14 m
5
"1-
(i)) Co, o" 3ri+2s = t otal )olume o" 3ri+2
1or2
,= 1-,<1484,441-41
()) 9:% re7uire! "or Bri+2
1or2: (i) (an! = 1m
5
= 4,24 m
5
1-,<14 m
5
= K m
5
,= 1-,<14 x
4,24
,= 5,562
m
5
(ii) 9ement = 1m
5
= (4,24 x 1444)86 no, o" 9ement 3ags = <55,4-2 8 54
1 m
5
,= 4< 2gs ,= 1-,141 or approximatel# e7ual to 1< 3ags
1-,<14 m
5
,= K m
5
,= 1-,<14 x 4<
,= <55,4-2 2gs
"1/
'lasterin3 4alculations E
$ro%le!s
'ro%le!1:
For an area o" 124 m
2
"in! 9:% re7uire! "or plastering
(i) 1st +oat 1ith +:m ratio 1:6
(ii) 2n! +oat 1ith +:m ration 1:5
(olution
(i) 1st +oat o" plaster: thi+2ness o" plaster = 12mm or 4,412m 9:% =
1:6 )olume o" 9:% "or Plastering = Area o" plaster x thi+2ness o" plaster
,= 124 x 4,412
,= 1,44 m
5
9ement : %ortar re7uire! "or plastering:
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)86
1,44 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 544 2gs
,= 1,44 x 1,25 1,44 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 1,<4 m
5
,= 1,44 x 544
,= 452,4
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 452854 = <,64 or 9 3ags
(ii) 2n! +oat o" plaster: thi+2ness o" plaster = <mm or 4,44<m 9:% =
,= 124 x 4,44<
total (an! re7uire! = 1,<4 1,24 = 5,4 m
5
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 9 12 = "!1 3ags
112
,= 4,96 m
5
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
4,96 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 644 2gs
,= 4,96 x 1,25 4,96 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 1,24 m
5
,= 4,96 x 644
,= 5-6,4 2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 5-6854 = 11,52 or
12 3ags
total (an! re7uire! = 1,<4 1,24 = 5,4 m
5
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 9 12 = "!! 3ags
112
'ro%le!,:
For an area o" 2444 ("t "in! 9:% re7uire! "or plastering
(ii) 2n! +oat 1ith +:m ration 1:5
(olution
(i) 1st +oat o" plaster: thi+2ness o" plaster = 12mm or 4,412m 9:% = 1:5
)olume o" 9:% "or Plastering = Area o" plaster x thi+2ness o" plaster 2444 "t
2
= K m
2
,= 225,4< x 4,412 1m = 5,2<"t
,= 2,6-6 m
5
,= 244485,2<
2
,= 225,4< m
2
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
2,6-6 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 564 2gs
,= 2,6-6 x 1,25 2,6-6 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 5,545 m
5
,= 2,6-6 x 564
,= 965,56
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 965,56854 = 19,26- or 24 3ags
,= 225,4< x 4,44<
,= 1,-<4 m
5
total (an! re7uire! = 5,545 2,25 = 5,5-5 m
5
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 24 "!" = 42 3ags
115
'ro%le!,:
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
1,-<4 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 644 2gs
,= 1,-<4 x 1,25 1,-<4 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 2,25 m
5
,= 1,-<4 x 644
,= 14-4,44
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 14-4,44854 = 21,44 or 22 3ags
total (an! re7uire! = 5,545 2,25 = 5,5-5 m
5
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 24 "!# = 42 3ags
115
'ro%le!-:
a Area o" plastering ex+lu!ing
+eiling area 3 9:% re7uire! "or
plastering
(ii) 2n! +oat 1ith +:m
ration 1:5 (iii) 9eiling
height = 5,4m
(i)) (la3 thi+2ness = 4,15 m
()) ;oor A ; A = 1,4 x 2,14
(olution
a, Area o" plastering:
(i) &nternal Plaster area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B) x 2 x ;
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,4
"!%
'ro%le!-:
,= 54,4 m
2
;e!u+tion o" !oor area = L x ; = 1,4 x
2,14 = $2,14 total internal plaster area
= 54,4 $ 2,14 = 51,94 m
2
(ii) Gxternal Plaster area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B) x 2 x ; Cote: 1hile "in!ing external plaster area. (la3 thi+2ness has
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,15 to 3e a!!e! 1ith 9eiling height
,= 61,-4 m
2
2,14 = $2,14 total external plaster area =
61,-4 $ 2,14 = 59,64 m
2
(iii) 0otal Plaster area = 51,94 59,64 = 111,54 m
2
3, 9:% re7uire! "or plastering:
(i) 1st +oat o" plaster: thi+2ness o" plaster = 12mm or 4,412m
9:% = 1:5 )olume o" 9:% "or Plastering =
Area o" plaster x thi+2ness o" plaster
,= 111,54 x 4,412
"!&
'ro%le!-:
,= 1,55< m
5
"!'
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
1,55< m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 564 2gs
,= 1,55< x 1,25 1,55< m
5
= K Jgs
,= 1,6-2 m
5
,= 1,55< x 564
,= 4<1,6<
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 4<1,6<854 = 9,655 or 14 3ags
,= 111,54 x 4,44<
,= 4,<92 m
5
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
4,<92 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 644 2gs
,= 4,<92 x 1,25 4,<92 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 1,115 m
5
,= 4,<92 x 644
,= 555,24
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 555,24854 = 14,-44 or 11 3ags
total (an! re7uire! = 1,6-2 1,115 = 2,-<- m
5
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 14 11 = 21 3ags
"!+
'ro%le!4:
a Area o" plastering ex+lu!ing
+eiling area 3 9:% re7uire! "or
plastering
(ii) 2n! +oat 1ith +:m
ration 1:5 (iii) 9eiling
height = 5,4m
(i)) (la3 thi+2ness = 4,15 m
()) ;oor A ; A = 1,4 x 2,14
(olution
a, Area o" plastering:
(i) &nternal Plaster area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
>oom$1 ,= (L B) x 2 x ;
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,4
,= 54,4 m
2
"!-
>oom$2 ,= (L B) x 2 x ;
,= (4,94 4,4) x 2 x 5,4
,= 55,44 m
2
(ii
)
Gxternal Plaster area = Peripheral Length x ;epth e: 1hile "in!ing external plaster
area. (l
,= (L B) x 2
x ;
to 3e a!!e! 1ith 9eiling
height
(iii
)
,= (14,4 4,4) x 2 x
5,15
,= 95,24
m
2
a3 thi+2ness has
;oor area has to 3e !e!u+te! "rom 3oth si!e i,e, "ront
si!e D 3a+2 si!e total plaster area = 54,4 55,44
95,24 $ <,44 = 192,24 m
2
"!/
3, 9:% re7uire! "or
plastering:
(i) 1st +oat o" plaster: thi+2ness o" plaster = 12mm or
4,412m
9:% =
1:5
)olume o" 9:% "or Plastering = Area o" plaster x thi+2ness o" plaster
,= 192,24 x 4,412
,= 2,546 m
5
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
2,546 m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 564 2gs
,= 2,546 x 1,25 2,546 m
5
= K Jgs
,= 2,<< m
5
,= 2,546 x 564
,= <54,16
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = <54,16854 = 16,64 or 1- 3ags
,= 192,24 x 4,44<
,= 1,55- m
5
a, (an! : 3, 9ement :
1m
5
= 1,25 m
5
1m
5
= (1,25 x 1444)85
1,55- m
5
= K m
5
1m
5
= 644 2gs
,= 1,55- x 1,25 1,55- m
5
= K Jgs
,= 1,921 m
5
,= 1,55- x 644
,= 922,24
2gs
no, o" +ement 3ags = 922,24854 = 1<,44 or 19 3ags
total (an! re7uire! = 2,<< 1,921 = 4,<41 m
5
""1
0otal 9ement re7uire! = 1- 19 = 56 3ags
""!
6!ulsion 'aint or 1ater <ond'aint for "alls A 4alculations E $ro%le!sB
'ro%le!1:
For a gi)en
plan "in! a Area o"
Paint
3 Gmulsion Paint re7uire! in litres
(i) 9eiling height = 5,4m
(ii) (la3 thi+2ness = 4,15 m
(iii) ;oor A ; A = 1,4 x 2,14
(olution
a, Area o" Gmulsion Paint :
(i) &nternal Paint area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B) x 2 x ;
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,4
,= 54,4 m
2
"""
2,14 = $2,14 total internal paint area =
54,4 $ 2,14 = 51,94 m
2
(ii) Gxternal Paint area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B) x 2 x ; Cote: 1hile "in!ing external paint area. (la3 thi+2ness has
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,15 to 3e a!!e! 1ith 9eiling height
,= 61,-4 m
2
2,14 = $2,14 total external paint area =
61,-4 $ 2,14 = 59,64 m
2
(iii) 0otal Paint area = 51,94 59,64 = 111,54 m
2
(tan!ar!s "or ;ou3le 9oat o"
Gmulsion Paint: (a)1 Litre o" paint 1ill
+o)er 4,2 m
2
area or
(3) 1 litre o" paint 1ill +o)er 45 ("t area
(i)) Gmulsion paint re7uire! in litres: 4,2 m
2
= 1 Litre
111,54 m
2
= K Litre
,= 111,5484,2
,= 26,55- or approximatel# e7ual to 2- Litres
""#
1all 'utty 4alculations E $ro%le!s
'ro%le!1:
For a gi)en plan "in! no, o" 3ags re7uire! "or 1all$putt#
( onl# "or internal area o"
1alls) (i) 9eiling height =
5,4m
(ii) (la3 thi+2ness = 4,15 m
(iii) ;oor A ; A = 1,4 x 2,14
(olution
a, Area o" Iall$putt# :
(i) &nternal area = Peripheral Length x ;epth
,= (L B) x 2 x ;
,= (5,4 4,4) x 2 x 5,4
,= 54,4 m
2
2,14 = $2,14 total internal area = 54,4 $
""%
2,14 = 51,94 m
2
(tan!ar!s "or Iall$Putt# :
0hi+2ness o" Iall$putt# la#er = 5mm or 4,445m
Ieight o" Iall$putt#8m
5
= <49,4 2gs
=olume o" Iall$putt# = Area x thi+2ness
,= 51,94 x ,445
,= 4,155 m
5
1 m5 = <49,4 2gs
4,155 m5 = K Jgs
,= 4,155 x <49
,= 151,595 2gs
A)aila3le 3ag o" Iall$putt# = 5 2gs. 14 2g.
24 2g D 44 2g no, o" 3ags re7uire! =
151,595844
,= 5,2<9 or approximatel# e7ual to 4 3ags o" 44 2gs
""&
:loorin3 4alculations E $ro%le!
'ro%le!1:
For a gi)en plan "in! no, o" 0iles re7uire!
"or Flooring i" the siLe o" ea+h Floor 0ile =
12@ x 12@
(olution
a, Area o"
Flooring : (i)Floor
area = L x B
,= 5,4 x
4,4
,= 24,4
m
2
(ii) (iLe o" ea+h Floor tile = 12@ x 12@
,= 144@
2
""'
144@
2
= K %
2
there"ore 1 m = 59,5-@
,= 144@
2
859,5-
2
,= 4,4929 m
2
(iii) no, o" "loor tiles re7uire! = 0otal "loor area 8 area o"
ea+h tile
,= 24,484,4929
,= 215,2< or approximatel# e7ual to 216 0iles
""+
OverHead 1ater an# 4alculation E 'ro%le!
'ro%le!1:
For a gi)en
pro3lem "in! a
)olume o" +on+rete
3 shuttering area
+ )olume o" 1ater in litres,
""-
thi+2ness o" 1all = 4,24m
""/
(olution:
(i) Bottom (la3 :
1 =olume o" 9on+rete = L x B x ;
,= 2,54 x 2,<4 x 4,15
,= 1,45 m
5
2 (huttering area = (LB) x 2 x ; L x B
,= (2,54 2,<4) x 2 x 4,15 2,54 x 2,<4
,= <,59 m
2
(ii) 0op (la3 :
1 =olume o" 9on+rete = L x B x ;
,= 2,54 x 2,<4 x 4,15
,= 1,45 m
5
2 (huttering area = (LB) x 2 x ; l x 3(internal !imension) (LB) x 2 x ; (+o)er !imension)
,= (2,54 2,<4) x 2 x 4,15 2,14 x 2,44 (4,54 4,54) x 2 x 4,15
,= 6,95 m
2
(iii) 1all along horiLontal axis:
1 =olume o" 9on+rete = L x B x ; x no,s
,= 2,54 x 4,24 x 1,54 x 2
,= 1,54 m
5
2 (huttering area = L x ; x 2 x no,s
,= 2,54 x 1,54 x 2 x 2
,= 15,4 m
2
"#1
(iii) 1all along )erti+al axis:
1 =olume o" 9on+rete = L x B x ; x no,s
,= 2,44 x 4,24 x 1,54 x 2
,= 1,44 m
5
"#!
2 (huttering area = L x ; x 2 x no,s
,= 2,44 x 1,54 x 2 x 2
,= 14,44 m
2
(i)) 0otal =olume o" 9on+rete = 1,45 1,45 1,54 1,44 = 5,44 m
5
()) 0otal (huttering area = <,59 6,95 15,4 14,44 = 44,92 m
2
1ater calculations :
&nternal )olume o" sump = L x B x ;
,= 2,14 x 2,44 x 1,54
,= -,56 m
5
A++or!ing to (tan!ar!s : 1 m
5
= 1444 Litres an! 1 "t
5
= 2<,54 litres
1m5 = 1444 litres
-,56 m5 = K Litres
,= -,56 x 1444
,= -564 litres
ea+h 1ater tan2er (tru+2) has +apa+it# o"
5444 litres there"ore no, o" 1ater tan2er
re7uire! =
-56485444
,= 1,512 or approximatel# e7ual to 2 tan2ers
"#"
-lasterin. $it" Mac"ine
Head office# office no 0=$Ground floor$2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no # 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site# 333@uantit + s ur-e+indiacom
"##
Head office# office no 0=$Ground floor$2irumala 2o3er$ )alak4et$ H+dera5ad P1one no # 780/: >>=0::<06780899:;98<0=6 3e5site# 333@uantit + s ur-e+indiacom
"#%
0roDect= #esi-ential (illa
0ractical 0roce-ure for fin-ing out Quantities an- 0reparing )ill of Quantities
0roDect Dra.ings, Calculations an- Solution
1ote= All -ra.ings are to sho. the metho- of calculations only an- not for -esign purpose/
!"&
0roDect= #esi-ential (illa
(A/ "ist of items to be calculate- belo. %roun- level Esub structureF
1, Footings
2, Footings P,9,9
5, Ce+2 +olumns
4, 0ie 3eam an! (trap 3eam
5, 0ie 3eam P,9,9
6, Plinth 3eam or /ra!e 3eam
-, Plinth 3eam P,9,9,
<, /roun! sla3 or (la3,
9, >etaining 1all
14, >e+tangular sump
11, 9ir+ular sump
12, (epti+ tan2
15, Garth 1or2 Gx+a)ation +al+ulation
14, Ba+2$ Fill +al+ulation
15, A3stra+t "or the 'uantities o" (u3$stru+ture,
16, Bill o" 'uantities
1-, 9on+rete proportion an! >atio 1ith mix$!esign
"ist of items to be calculate- for each item belo. %roun- level
1, =olume o" +on+rete in m
5
2, Area o" shuttering in m
2
5, Area o" 3itumen paint in m
2
4, Area o" termite +ontrol in m
2
5, Area o" pol#thene sheet or =apour Barrier in m
2
6, >ein"or+ement in Jgs or 0ones
!"'
()/ "ist of items to be calculate- above %roun- level ESuper StructureF
1, 9olumns
2, Beams
5, (la3s
4, (tair +ases (0#pi+al D (emi$ roun!)
5, Bri+2 1or2 (Co, o" 3ri+2s re7uire!)
6, 9ement: %ortar re7uire! "or 3ri+2 1or2
-, Iall putt# +al+ulation
<, Paint +al+ulations in Liters (Gmulsion paint D Gnamel paint)
9, False$9eiling 9al+ulations in %
2
14, Flooring 9al+ulations (%ar3le tiles. =itri"ie! tiles. Par2ing tiles D interlo+2 tiles
11, Iall (2irting 9al+ulations
12, Iall 0iles (9erami+ 0iles)
15, Ioo! +al+ulations "or !oors D 1in!o1s
14, ;oors D Iin!o1s Fittings (0o1er 3olt. !oor han!le et+)
15, Iin!o1s grill an! &ron gate +al+ulations
16, 9al+ulation "or the mis+ellaneous item (Lintel. Lo"t (9haNNas). Iin!o1 (unsha!e D Jit+hen Plat"orms,
1-, A3stra+t "or the 7uantities o" super stru+ture
1<, Bill o" 7uantities "or super stru+ture
(C/ #einforcement Calculation for
(i) (u3$(tru+ture
items
(ii) (uper$(tru+ture items
P 0#pes o" >ein"or+ement
P Bar Ben!ing (+he!ules ( B,B,( )
P >ein"or+ement ;ra1ings
P >ein"or+ement 9al+ulations D (olutions
!"'
@indl visit our we$site to view
all contents of $oo: which has
!1' topic in '!& pages. www.quantitsurveindia.com

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