IUPAC Nomenclature

1) Type I Binary Compounds -- Group A metal with a single non-metal

Formula to name: name the metal first, then the nonmetal root ending in ide

Examples: NaBr sodium bromide Ca
3
P
2
calcium phosphide Al
2
Se
3
aluminum selenide

Name to formula: write down the metal and nonmetal ions, then cross the charge numbers to get neutrality;
you should know what the ion charges are from the group on the periodic table

Examples: potassium oxide K
+1
O
2-
K
1
O
2
K
2
O

aluminum chloride Al
3+
Cl
1-
Al
3
Cl
1
AlCl
3


barium sulfide Ba
2+
S
2-
Ba
2
S
2
Ba
2
S
2
BaS


2) Type II Binary Compounds -- Transition (or other variable charge) metal with a single non-metal

Formula to name: name the metal first, including the metal charge, then the nonmetal root ending in ide

Examples: PbSe lead (II) selenide PbSe
2
lead (IV) selenide Cr
2
O
3
chromium (III) oxide

How do you determine the metal oxidation state (charge)?
1) Multiply anion charge by the number of anions present, then take absolute value
2) Divide number from Step 1 by the number of metal ions; the result is the metal oxidation state

# of S ions charge on sulfide # of Sn ions

Example: SnS
2
Step 1) SnS
2
2(-2) = 4 Step 2) 4/1 = +4 tin (IV) sulfide

Fe
2
O
3
Step 1) Fe
2
O
3
3(-2) = -6 Step 2) 6/2 = +3 iron (III) oxide

Name to formula: write down the metal and nonmetal ions, then cross the charge numbers to get neutrality;
the anion charge comes from the group on the periodic table; the charge of metal is in the name

Examples: chromium (VI) oxide Cr
+6
O
2-
Cr
6
O
2
Cr
2
O
6
CrO
3


iron (II) chloride Fe
2+
Cl
1-
Fe
2
Cl
1
FeCl
2


lead (IV) nitride Pb
4+
N
3-
Pb
4
N
3
Pb
3
N
4


3) Type 3 (Molecular) Binary Compounds -- 2 nonmetals

Use Greek prefixes in the name: mono = 1, di = 2, tri = 3, tetra = 4, penta = 5, hexa = 6, hepta = 7, octa = 8, nona = 9,
deca = 10
Examples:
CO carbon monoxide N
2
O dinitrogen monoxide ClO
2
chlorine dioxide N
2
O
5
dinitrogen pentoxide

P
4
S
10
tetraphosphorus decasulfide Cl
2
O
7
dichlorine heptoxide SbF
5
antimony pentafluoride
4) Polyatomic ions ions that contains more than one kind of atom
Examples: NH
4
+
-- ammonium OH
-1
hydroxide NO
3
-1
nitrate HS
-1
-- hydrogen sulfide or
bisulfide
Oxyanions polyatomic ions that contain a nonmetal and oxygen

Examples: SO
4
-2
sulfate; PO
4
-3
phosphate; ClO
3
-1
chlorate; NO
3
-1
nitrate; etc.

*** Notice the -ate ending; think of -ate as the base ending of the oxyanions. You need to learn the -ates ****

Once you know the -ates, youll be able to name additional oxyanions with ease. Look at the following:

ClO
4
-1
-- perchlorate (to get per- -ate, add 1 oxygen to -ate)
ClO
3
-1
-- chlorate (-ate is the base) You need to learn
ClO
2
-1
-- chlorite (to get -ite, remove 1 oxygen from -ate) these rules!!
ClO
-1
-- hypochlorite (to get hypo- -ite, remove 2 oxygens from -ate)
Heres a periodic table mnemonic for learning the -ates (only exception is nitrate, NO
3
-1
):
IA Charge of oxyanion -2 -3 -2 -1
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA









Number of oxygens in ate 3 4 4 3


Class exercise: Name or write formula of the following: SeO
4
-2
carbonate BrO
-1


nitrite periodate PO
2
-3
hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

** You name compounds containing polyatomic ions just like you do Type I and Type II binaries. The only difference is
that the anion (or cation, as in the case of NH
4
+1
) is not a single element **

5) Acids compounds that have H as the first element. In aqueous solution, acids release H
+
ions

a) Binary acids H plus a single nonmetal; named as hydro nonmetal root ic acid

Class Examples: HCl(aq) (compare to HCl(g)) H
2
S(aq) hydroselenic acid

b) Oxyacids H plus an oxyanion; to name, remember this weird saying: ric ate ous , rite?

Now look at the following: HClO
4
perchloric acid (anion is perchlorate) -ic oxyacids have -ate
HClO
3
chloric acid (anion is chlorate) anions;
HClO
2
chlorous acid (anion is chlor ite) -ous oxyacids have -ite
HClO hypochlorous acid (anion is hypochlor ite) anions







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