UNIT 1

Chapter 1: Recognizing Main Ideas in Paragraphs and Short Selections

p. 5 1. a main idea
2. reasons or details that develop the idea
The main idea most often appears in the first sentence of a paragraph.

pp. 6–7 (Activity 1)

1. During the Depression, money shortages produced important changes in the
daily lives of people.
2. Fear seems to break down normal rational behavior.
3. In our society a person who wishes to marry cannot completely disregard the customary patterns of
courtship.
4. But even on a simple level, being honest is not always easy.

Note: The first sentence provides the definition of integrity, but it is not the main idea of the
selection. If it were the main idea, the selection would consist of a number of examples of integrity. In fact, the
material in the selection is devoted to showing how “being honest is not always easy.”

pp. 7–9 (Activity 2)

1. d. 2. d. 3. d. 4. b.

pp. 10–11 (Review Test)

1. 1 Little in American society remained untouched by World War II.
2. 2 But many children with disabilities still are not receiving the education that
could help them to become fully functioning members of society.
3. 5 It seems pretty clear that smoking is harmful not only to the smoker but also to the fetus.
4. 6 Regardless of how well you listen, you can be overloaded with details.

pp. 11–13 (Mastery Test)

1. 1 Violence surrounds us—not only in real life but in our entertainment.
2. 2 There are many reasons why this child and other children can be unpopular.
3. 2 At times, however, the changes backfire and reduce rather than increase
customers’ satisfaction with the product in question.
4. 11 This self-sufficiency, or ability to provide for themselves, was a
characteristic of many early American settlers.
5. 6 The price on the cologne box reflects not only the cost of the raw materials
but a variety of additional costs.
Unit 3
Chapter 6: The Fourth Step in Essay Writing
Activity 1 on Use Parallelism (p.231)
Note: Answers may vary slightly.
1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.
2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with
numbers, and making speeches.
3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies,
and skills.
4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer,
and sprayed with red enamel.
5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows,
and auditioning for professional companies.
6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance for
advancement.
7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school,
or at home.
8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’s
respect.
9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his own
instincts.
10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated
water, and dying forests.

Review Test 1 on Using Parallelism (p.251–252)

1. filled with suspense suspenseful 6. selling toys toy salesperson
2. furniture for the office 7. food on the table putting food on the table office
furniture 8. to cram cramming
3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9. bags are put on them bagged / put into bags
4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendliness as well and
his friendliness
5. being kind kindness

Review Test 2 on Using Parallelism (p.252–253)

1. to buy buying 6. were whispering whispered
2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting
3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good good pay
rotting porch furniture
4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 9. was putting put
5. taking take (or: climbing . . . taking) 10. losing lost
Unit 1

Chapter 2: Knowing How to Summarize

p. 15 A summary reduces a large quantity of material to the most important
points. Unless you fully understand the material you are reading, you will
not be able to summarize it.

pp. 15–18 (Activity 1)

A. 1. b. Who Are the Poor?
2. c
B. 3. a. Our Vanishing Water Supply
4. b
C. 5. c. Trichinosis and Its Prevention
6. a
D. 7. b. The Priming Method of Memory
8. b

pp. 18–20 (Activity 2) Wording of answers may vary.

Selection A. Heading: Active Listening
Summary: Active listening is hard work, for it requires the listener to concentrate
on, think about, and sometimes repeat what is being said.
Selection B. Heading: Social Norms
Summary: Patterns of social behavior are controlled by social norms—shared rules
or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation.
Selection C. Heading: The Slaughter of the Buffalo
Summary: In the nineteenth century, vast herds of American buffalo were reduced to
a mere handful by the white man’s wanton slaughter.
Selection D. Heading: British Approach to Heroin Addiction
Summary: The British treat heroin addicts very differently from Americans, putting
them in the hands of medical authorities rather than law enforcement officials.

pp. 21–23 (Activity 3)

1. a 7. b
2. c 8. c
3. a 9. a
4. a 10. c
5. b 11. a
6. c
pp. 23–25 (Activity 4)
Wording of answer will vary; here is one possible summary of the article.

Due to the increased number of working parents, over two million children come home from school
every day to an empty house. Responsible for taking care of themselves, these “latchkey kids” often
face certain emotional problems. They may feel particularly vulnerable, having no guardian nearby to
help them in emergencies or frightening situations. Moreover, as they are usually instructed to stay
indoors until their parents come home, they miss out on the play and social interaction crucial in any
child’s development. Thus, they become bored and feel isolated. Some experts contend that these
feelings of alienation may eventually lead kids to academic failure, violence, and drug and alcohol
abuse. Fortunately, many parents have found ways to protect their children from the unpleasant
effects of “latchkeyism.” Parents can combat their children’s boredom and loneliness by assigning
them chores and enrolling them in after-school social programs such as scouting or dance lessons.
Staying in touch by phone, identifying a neighbor to turn to in emergencies, and clearly defined rules
make kids feel safer.

p. 26 (Activities 5, 6, and 7)
Answers will vary. You may submit your summary to the lecturer for comment.

pp. 26–29 (Review Test) Wording of answers 6 and 8 may vary.

Part A. 1. c. Rituals of Sacrifice
2. b
3. b. Education in America after the Civil War
4. c

Part B. 5. c. Proximity as a Factor in Friendships

6. Summary: Sheer proximity is perhaps the most decisive factor in
determining
who will become friends.
7. a. Institutional Care for the Elderly: A National Disgrace
8. Summary: The care given elderly people in institutions is inadequate and poorly
regulated.

pp. 29–33 (Summarizing)

Part A. 1. b. Shaping Behavior through Reinforcement
2. b. Through a careful program of compliments, you can shape someone’s behavior.
3. c. Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall
4. a. Tammany Hall, a corrupt nineteenth-century New York City political machine
 led by “Boss” Tweed, was defeated by the press.
5. c. The Leboyer Method
6. c. The Leboyer method of childbirth, designed to protect a newborn’s delicate senses
from the shock of standard deliveries, has positive effects.
Part B. 7. c. Benefits of Forest Fires
8. Summary: However, despite the advertising campaigns, forest fires are actually
beneficial to forest ecologies.
9. a. The Modern Refrigerator: Pluses and Minuses
10. Summary: The modern refrigerator has both advantages and disadvantages.

Unit 2

Chapter 2: Researching for Relevant Information

Activity 1 on A Caution about Plagiarism (86–89)
Set 1: U a. A b.
Set 2: A a. U b.
Set 3: U a. A b.

UNIT 3
Chapter 2
Activity 10 on Prewriting (147–150)
L, Q, SO, C, F

Chapter 3: The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing

Activity 1 on Understanding Thesis Statements (158–159)
1. Our cafeteria would be greatly improved is several changes were made.
2. Celebrities are often poor role models because of the way they dress, talk, and
behave.
3. My first night as a security guard turned out to be one of the most frightening
experiences of my life.
4. SUVs are inferior to cars because they are harder to control, more expensive, and
dangerous to the environment.
5. The twentieth century produced three inventions that dramatically changed the lives
of all Americans.
6. Stress in the fast-food workplace has led to serious physical, psychological, and
emotional problems for employees.
7. Advertisers target young people in order to market cigarettes, alcohol, and adult
movies.
 8. Living in the city has certain advantages over living in the suburbs.
9. Before moving away from home, every person should have mastered certain key
skills.
10. Independent “mom and pop” stores are superior to larger chain stores for a number of
reasons.
Activity 2 on Writing a Good Thesis (160)
List 1 List 2

2 Teachers 3 Bicycles
l Education 4 Dangers of bike riding
3 Math teacher l Recreation
5 My high school math 2 Recreational vehicles
teacher was incompetent. 5 Bike riding in the city is a
4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.

List 3 List 4
1 Retail companies 3 Camping
2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip
4 Dealing with customers 2 Summer vacation
3 Working in a supermarket 5 My first camping trip was a
5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.
unpleasant supermarket customers. l Vacations

Activity 10 on Evaluating Activity 11 on Evaluating

Thesis Statements (173) Thesis Statements (173–174)

1. A a. 1. TN a.
OK b. OK b.
2. OK a. 2. TN a.
A b. OK b.
3. OK a. 3. TN a.
A b. OK b.
4. A a. 4. OK a.
OK b. TN b.
5. A a. 5. OK a.
OK b. TN b.

Activity 12 on Evaluating Activity 13 on Evaluating

Thesis Statements (174) Thesis Statements (174–175)
 1. TB a. 1. OK a.
OK b. 2 b.
2. TB a. 2. 2 a.
OK b. OK b.
3. OK a. 3. OK a.
TB b. 2 b.
4. TB a. 4. 2 a.
OK b. OK b.
5. TB a. 5. 2 a.
OK b. OK b.

Activity 15 on Writing a Thesis Statement (176–177)

Note: Wording of thesis may vary.

1. My cars have reflected stages in my life.

2. A two-year college has several advantages.
3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.
4. Halloween is not all fun.
5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.

Chapter 6: The Fourth Step in Essay Writing

Activity 2 on Consistency with Verbs (232–233)

1. arrive arrived 6. floated floats
2. asks asked 7. grabs grabbed
3. sliced slices 8. swooped swoops
4. went goes 9. recharged recharge
5. tips tipped 10. burns burned

Activity 3 on Consistency with Pronouns (234–235)

1. your their health 6. you I can own
2. you I never know 7. you her indigestion
3. you we have if you we 8. you we don’t dare
4. their its aggressive 9. we they can learn
5. one you should plan 10. one you should dress

Activity 4 on Use Specific Words (236)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
 1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .
2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .
3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.
4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page . . .
5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .
Activity 5 on Use Specific Words (237)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused to start.
2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffling problems.
3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes open.
4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be swept out, scrubbed, and
reorganized.
5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Street and stopped traffic for an hour.
Activity 6 on Use Active Verbs (239)
1. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.
2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.
3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.
4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.
5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.
Activity 7 on Use Concise Words (240–241)
Note: Answers will vary.
1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.
2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.
3. I am shy.
4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.
5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.
6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.
7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.
8. The school district canceled classes because of the bad weather.
9. I regret not having taken additional art classes in high school.
10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.
Activity 8 on Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought (242–243)
1. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .
2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .
3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .
4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .
5. . . . present, so I offered . . .
Activity 9 on Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought (244–245)
Note: Answers may vary.
1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .
 2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .
3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .
4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .
5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words a
minute, she . . .
Activity 10 on Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase (246–247)
1. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.
2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to work overtime.
3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.
4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.
5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel to channel.

Activity 11 on Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series (247–248)

Note: Answers may vary.
1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in his mouth.
2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.
3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes, and drunk
eight cups of coffee.
4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under the old wooden
eaves.
5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.

Activity 12 on Proofreading (250–251)

1. 2 6. 11
2. 4 7. 13
3. 5 8. 14
4. 6 9. 16
5. 9 10. 17

Corrections
Note: Methods of correction may vary.
1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, who smoked
2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, my favorite color
3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they are colored neon green.
4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, I look
5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray; the answer

Review Test 3 on Using a Consistent Point of View (253–254)

1. is was taken 6. gets got the chicken
2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized it contained
 3. proceeds proceeded slowly. 8. transfers transferred the groceries,
4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that the barbecued chicken
5. parks parked his shopping cart 10. says said to the clerk,

Review Test 4 on Using a Consistent Point of View (254–255)

1. you they work. 6. one I can meet
2. you I could hear 7. were to you me.
3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive
4. one I must complete 9. you they have turned in
5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to help you her.
Review Test 5 on Using Specific Words (255–256)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.
2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .
3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .
4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.
5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion.
Review Test 6 on Using Specific Words (256–257)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid
questions.
2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.
3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’ duel.
4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.
5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.
Review Test 7 on Using Active Verbs (257–258)
1. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.
2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.
3. A virus infected my computer.
4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.
5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.
6. The telephone company placed an additional charge on our phone bill.
7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.
8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.
9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.
10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.
Review Test 8 on Using Concise Words (258)
Note: Answers may vary; examples are shown.
1. I finally decided to look for a new job.
 2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.
3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.
4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.
5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price dropped before buying our computer.

Review Test 9 on Using Concise Words (258–259)

Note: Answers may vary; examples are shown.
1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.
2. Your line of credit has been increased.
3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or: I think candy tastes better than fruit.)
4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.
5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.
Review Test 10 on Varying Your Sentences (259–260)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and
the watch slid off her wrist.
2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and they
crumpled under her.
3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive
garage because he did not want to risk damage to his new car.
4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young police
officer.
5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked slates off the roof, and
uprooted a young tree.
Review Test 11 on Varying Your Sentences (260–261)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. When a sudden cold front hit the area, temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less
than an hour. I was not wearing a warm jacket, so my teeth began to chatter.
2. Vern works as a model, so he has to look his best. When he gained ten pounds
recently, he had to take off the extra weight, or he would have lost his job.
3. As the ball game was about to begin, a dog ran onto the field and began nipping the
infielders’ ankles. The game had to be delayed until the dog was chased away.
4. The hungry lion watched the herd of gazelle closely. If a young or sick animal
wandered away from the group, the lion would move in for the kill.
5. Suffering from arthritis, my aunt decided to find a helpful form of exercise. She
learned that swimming is very healthful because it works every muscle group in the
body without straining the muscles.

Review Test 12 on Varying Your Sentences (262)

Note: Answers will vary; an example is shown.
 Lena and Miles wanted a nice, quiet, relaxing vacation, so they rented a small lakeside cabin.
Their first day there was very peaceful, but the situation quickly changed when a large family
moved into a nearby cabin. They played music at top volume and raced around in a speedboat
with a loud whining engine. Lena and Miles, no longer very relaxed, packed up their things,
drove off, and returned to their quiet apartment.
Chapter 7: Four Bases for Revising Essays
Activity 2 on Revising for Unity (267)
The following sentences should be crossed out:
Paragraph 3: We are close now, though. In fact, Eddie recently painted my new
apartment for me.
Paragraph 4: Now I realize that teenage drinking is dangerous. I read recently
that the number one killer of teenagers is drunk driving.

Activity 8 on Revising for Sentence Skills (276–278)

1. In word group 14, are should be is to make the verb agree with way.
2. In word group 19, quite should be quiet.
3. In word group 22, 5 should be spelled out.
4. In word group 22, began should be changed to the correct form of the verb, begun.
5. In word group 23, there should be quotation marks around “Bugs.”
6. In word group 23, an exclamation point is needed for an end mark.
7. In word group 24, Dumping the food in the disposal is a dangling modifier. It should be
changed to They’ll all dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car, and . . .
8. In word group 24, jump into should be inserted before the car for parallelism.
9. In word group 24, mcdonald’s should be capitalized.
10. Word group 29 is a run-on. It can be corrected thus: . . . simple. Coworkers, . . .
Activity 9 on Revising Essays for Unity (278–281)
“Playing on the Browns”—Irrelevant sentences: 15, 24, 28
“How to Con an Instructor”—Irrelevant sentences: 11, 19, 24, 33

Activity 10 on Revising Essays for Support (282–284)

“Formula for Happiness”—Supporting details needed after sentences 7, 13, 16, 20, 21
“Problems of a Foreign Student”—Supporting details needed after sentences 12, 17, 24

Activity 11 on Revising Essays for Coherence (284–287)

“Noise Pollution”
1. sentence 6 5. sentence 19
2. canned music 6. rubble
3. sentence 12 7. six times
4. sentence 18 8. 4, 2, 3
 “Weight Loss”
1. sentence 8 5. sentence 16
2. sentence 9 6. fat
3. sentence 12 7. four times
4. my best friend’s family 8. 3
Activity 12 on Revising Essays for All Four Bases (287–290)
“Chiggers”
Paragraph 2: a (“I am definitely . . . and concrete.”)
Paragraph 3: c
Paragraph 4: d (“Mainly . . . summertime.”—fragment; “I will . . . red speck.”—
run-on)

“The Hazards of Being an Only Child”

Paragraph 2: a (“Some only children . . . writing or drawing.”)
Paragraph 3: d (“And who . . . morning.”—fragment; “After all . . . secrets.”—
run-on)
Paragraph 4: b (“. . . family decisions, either.”)
Unit 2

Chapter 1_Taking Notes

pp. 73–75 (Activity 4)

1. People lose attention.

2. Talking—125 wpm; listening—500 wpm.
3. Summarize. Try to guess what’s next. Question the truth of what’s been said.
4. Make a conscious effort to listen closely.

pp. 75–76 (Activity 5)

1. Messages intended to persuade audiences to adopt a certain opinion

2. Testimonial, bandwagon, plain folks, and transfer
3. People are encouraged to do or buy something because “everyone else is doing it.”
4. Products are associated with something attractive, respectable, or admired.

pp. 77–79 (Activity 6)

1. a. Make a point.
b. Support your point.
c. Organize your supporting details.
d. Write clear, correct sentences.
2. “Be specific.”
3. Time order and emphatic order
4. Saving the best or most important detail for last
 UNIT 4
Chapter 1: Fragments

Activity 1 on Dependent Word Groups (306–307)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.

1. If I don’t get a raise soon, I’ll quit.

2. Because it was raining, we canceled the picnic.
3. When I heard the news, I cried.
4. Because I couldn’t find the car keys, I had to walk.
5. The restaurant that we tried was disappointing.

Activity 2 on Dependent-Word Fragments (307)

1. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.

2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for the
weekend.
3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking
the porch light.
4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.
5. After I got to class, I realized my report was still on the kitchen table.

Activity 3 on -ing Fragments (308–309)

1. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in the cornfield.
2. It came to a stop at my house.
3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.

Activity 4 on -ing and to Fragments (309–310)

Note: Answers may vary.
1. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.
2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.
3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.
 4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.
5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.

Activity 5 on Added-Detail Fragments (311)

1. For example, he sees the new movies first.
2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.
3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.
Activity 6 on Added-Detail Fragments (311–312)
Note: Methods of correction may vary.
1. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.
2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leaf
clovers, to bingo.
3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecks of
snow.
4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.
5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.
Activity 7 on Missing-Subject Fragments (312–313)
Note: Methods of correction may vary.
1. Then she does fifty sit-ups.
2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.
3. They break out in hives when they eat it, and they can even have trouble breathing.
4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Then he jabbed a needle
into my gums and injected a painkiller.
5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore.

Review Test 1 (314)

1. C 5. C 9. C 13. C 17. C
2. F 6. F 10. C 14 F 18. C
3. F 7. F 11. F 15. C 19. F
4. C 8. C 12. C 16. F 20. C
Corrections
Note: Methods of correction may vary.
2. I’m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.
3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbit being
pursued by predators.
6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get to my bike
without actually killing me.
7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, drivers completely
ignore my vehicle.
11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will unexpectedly open.
 14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout out
obscene propositions.
16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abiding
bicyclist, to a withering look of disdain.
19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higher position in
the pecking order of the city streets.

Review Test 2 (315)

1. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. But whenever I’d
hear Reggie’s footsteps behind me, I would pump my legs a little faster.
2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimate nightmare
is to be trapped in a hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.
3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a good song.
He was in the mood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.
4. My children joke that we celebrate “Hanumas” with our Jewish neighbors. We share
Hanukkah and Christmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house
and decorating our tree.
5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor’s trash bag. I
realized that he had made up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.
6. I’ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. By being away
from home and on my own, I will get along better with my parents.
7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. We used to
sail paper boats down the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a “river”
there.
8. Don passed the computer school’s aptitude test. This qualifies him for nine months of
training. Don kidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.

Review Test 3 (316)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are given.
1. …passed, the sun came out.
2. I hate any food that’s good for me, such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
3. …movie, I fell asleep.
4. …harder, I’ll flunk out.
5. …restaurant, is hoping to become a chef.
6. A strong wind suddenly came up, knocking over the table.
7. …on time, Jeannie ran all the way.
8. …dressed, Dana put his shoes on the wrong feet.
9. …attic is an old violin.
10. …temple, I yelled at the kids.
 Chapter 2: Run-Ons
Activity 1 on Period and a Capital Letter (319–320)
1. job. They 6. words. He
2. wills. She 7. scissors. Then
3. dressing. She 8. roof. Their
4. water. They 9. work. Every
5. environment. They 10. friends. I
Activity 2 on Comma and a Joining Word (321)
1. but 6. so
2. and 7. but
3. so 8. and
4. for 9. for
5. but 10. so or and
Activity 3 on Comma and a Joining Word (322)
Note: Answers will vary; examples are given.
1. , but it’s not very clean.
2. , for her had a daytime job.
3. , and after dinner she went to the library.
4. ,so he feels very frustrated.
5. ,but I decided to wait another week.
Activity 4 on Period and a Capital Letter or Comma and a Joining Word (322–323)
Note: Answers may vary; examples are shown.
1. refrigerator, and then 6. stiff, but soaking
2. environment. They 7. work. Some
3. heat, so I 8. house, so now
4. Russia. We 9. Correct
5. T-shirts. The 10. city. We
Activity 5 on Semicolon (324)
1. plates; they 6. house; they
2. week; now 7. window; Joey
3. immense; it’s 8. microscope; he
4. bacon; her 9. street; the
5. covers; she 10. fist; later
Activity 6 on Semicolon with a Transitional Word (325–326)
1. ; therefore, (or thus, consequently, or as a result)
2. ; on the other hand, (or however)
3. ; otherwise,
4. ; meanwhile,
5. ; however, (or nevertheless)
 Review Test 1 (327–328)
Note: Some answers may vary.
1. break, but 6. victims, so
2. drivers. When 7. marriage. Five
3. tray. Then 8. health, so
4. bare, and they 9. schoolwork. The
5. garbage, and 10. Correct
Review Test 2 (328)
Note: Answers may vary.
1. days; its Or: days, and its Or: days. Its
2. heels, and then Or: heels, and then Or: heels. Then
3. diner. A Or: diner, and a Or: diner; a
4. occult. It Or: occult, for it Or: occult; it
5. parents. This Or: parents, for this Or: parents; this
6. intersection. Rusty Or: intersection, but rusty Or: intersection; rusty
7. deafness. He Or: deafness, so he Or: deafness; he
8. far. Larger Or: far, so larger Or: far; larger
9. common. No Or: common, for no Or: common; no
10. soda. It Or: soda, but it Or: soda; it

Review Test 3 (329)

Note: Corrections may vary.
1. coming, so they
2. relax. Then
3. bathroom; she
4. door. It
5. coffee, but I