Using MRGC (Multi Resolution Graph-Based Clustering) Method to

Integrate Log Data Analysis and Core Facies to Define Electrofacies,

in the Benua Field, Central Sumatera Basin, Indonesia
Main author

Yarra Sutadiwirya


Co-author

Budi Abrar
Doni Henardi
Bogi Haryo Nugroho
Ricky Adi Wibowo









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1. ABSTRACT

Benua field is part of Central Sumatera Basin and located in CPP block area, Riau province,
Indonesia. This field is selected and proposed for water injection project to dispose excess water
from around field and increase oil production at this field. As selected field needs detail
information that to be used in geological modeling and simulation before project is running. One
of important data is facies model that determined from well log and core data analysis.
The emphasize of this paper is to define eletrofacies model using Multi-Resolution
Graph-based Clustering (MRGC) method. This method use open hole log and facies core data,
as training well data in core interval. The electrofacies was controlled by permeability, porosity
and volume of clay as training data which evaluated using shaly-sand analysis method. These
data have unique clustering that has clearly visualization to discriminate between high shaly and
non/low shaly cluster.
MRGC is a method to determine the optimal number of clusters to define the
electrofacies. The electrofacies analysis was obtained by clustering similarity permeability,
porosity and volume clay distribution. Based on core description in the Benua Field, three facies
were determined, namely Channel, Bar and Shale. The cluster was defined from model that has
specific character associated with facies group. Next, an optimal number of clusters were
calculated based on a Kernel Representative Index (KRI) and based on a user-specified
resolution. Then, small natural groups are formed based on the use of the neighboring index to
determine a K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) attraction for each point. Lastly, based on the data
calculated, final clusters are formed by combining the smaller clusters. As the result, the
optimum number of facies dissemination merged into three facies of Benua Field.




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C O N T E N T S

1. Abstract ................................................................................................ 2
2. BENUA fIELD......................................................................................... 4
2.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................4
2.2. Study Area & Regional Geology................................................................................4
2.3. Electrofacies & MRGC..............................................................................................5
2.4. Electrofacies Result ................................................................................................7
2.5. Conclusions ...........................................................................................................7
3. References............................................................................................ 8
4. List Tables............................................................................................. 9
5. List Of Figures..................................................................................... 10




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2. BENUA FI ELD
2.1. I ntroduction

Benua Field is located in Riau province belongin to Central Sumatera Basin,
Indonesia. This field has drilled since 1976. There is have ecconomically result to run
water injection project or newest technology method to increase the production.
Therefore, it is need sufficient and accuracy geological subsurface data which
cover geological facies, lateral facies correlation and also understanding sand to sand
facies distribution.
Benua field has been represented by core data that come from B_03 well. The
description of geological analysis from core data, indicated three general model facies.
It represent from Channel, Bar and Shale facies. To generate more facies data then
facies analysis that becoming from other wells is inferred from wireline log
electrofacies. The result from electrofacies is supervised with core data analysis result.
Electrofacies analysis are obtained by clustering similarity permeability,
porosity and volume of clay distribution using Multi Resolution Graph-based Clustering
(MRGC) method to define model electrofacies (from B_03) then the model
electrofacies after calibration will be propagate to other wells.
This work use development method from MRGC. From previous method the
MRGC is generated from measurement log. In this paper pemeability, porosity and
volume of shale is used as training data to define cluster data. It based on the
previous studies that have concluded regular variation of reservoir properties, e.g:
porosity, permeability and volume of shale; within succesion different facies.
In the first section, the paper shows at facies description from geological
perspective and log analysis using core and wireline log data. They result facies
description and type log in term of geologic object. The second process is generate
reservoir properties; porosity, permeability and volume of shale. Next section is
determining of electrofacies process from training data and propagate them as
electrofacies unit. This section is using core data to supervised facies model that
becoming from electrofacies. And last section is utilization this study that based on
result.

2.2. Study Area & Regional Geology

There are three main rock formations that can be found in Benua field. Each
with their unique properties and roles in making this field an oil producing field. Those
formations are : Basement rock, Bekasap Formation, and Telisa Formation.
In Benua field the objective reservoir in sand layers of Bekasap Formation,
which was deposited underlying basement rock, though in basin scale it was
deposited underlying Bangko Formation. Here the Bekasap Formation is characterized
by prograding and coarsening upward sands of the third order sequence. These sands
are slightly restricted to open to transitional marine deposits and are as a result of
nearby tide dominated deltaic processes to brackish water. This formation is generally
composed of glauconitic sandstone with shale intercalation, limestone stringers, and


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coal seams. The Bekasap Formation can be regarded only as a rock stratigraphic unit
even though in general its biostratigraphic analyses indicates an age range from NN2
and NN3, which common nanno fossil including. Although individual sand units are
not as thick as sands in the Menggala Formation, the Bekasap Formation is another
excellent reservoir in the Central Sumatra Basin (Heidrick & Aulia, 1997).
As the sealing formation (cap rock) for Bekasap reservoir is the Telisa
Formation. In this formation, the highest marker in the model, Maximum Flooding
Surface (MFS), was located. The picking of the top of the Telisa Formation has always
been controversial in Central Sumatra (White,1975). Part of the problem results from
the similarity of its lithology with that of the overlying Petani Group. Regionally near
top Telisa Formation is a major condense section relate to a MFS and third order
sequence boundary.
Benua field is located in Pedada Area which is part of CPP block in Central
Sumatera Basin. The field is anticline and North-South against fault structur in
Southern CPP block.

2.3. Electrofacies & MRGC

Electrofacies is the set of log response that characterize sediment and allow
the sediment to be distinguished from other (Serra & Abott, 1980). The electrofacies
concept to grouping of contingent data that is partitioned rely on simmilarity of
petrophysical characteristic in term of geological aspect. It is often reffer as
partitioning a set of log data into electrofacies units and comparable with outcorp or
core data (Shin-Ju Ye & Phillipe Rabiller, 2005).
Many method to grouping a training data values based on parameter specified
when building the model that called Clustering. One of them is MRGC (Multi Resolution
Graph-based Clustering). It solve dimensionality problem that usually happen when
the log data is relatively constrained with few cluster. As like merging large number
cluster into a small cluster that assigned from geological characteristic. It also reduce
several drawback that come from conventional method.
The deductive method that use permeability, porosity dan volume of shale is
provide to fill training data value as log data partioning. The logs data are not directly
measured but they are derived from log with supervised from core data. This method
is ordered to get high level convidence analysis.

The Workflow :
1. Facies Interpretation.
The objective in geological interpretation is facies analysis. Based on core
description and elaborated with well log data, facies of Benua were interpreted.
Those facies from core desciptions which were the products of estuarine
depositional environtment are :
1. Tidal channel
2. Sand bar
3. Marine shale
For the purposes to coding in Facimage
TM
need, Tidal Channel facies
furthermore will be called as Channel with code 1, Sand bar facies will be called


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as Bar with code 2, Marine Shale will be called as Shale with facies code 3. The
comparison between type log dan description from core data is showing as Table 1.

2. Determine Porosity dan Volume of shale and Permeability Transform.
The petrophysical parameters are defined that be uses as model log or source
data in electrofacies process. Porosity and Volume of shale are derive from
petrtophysical analysis using Multimin
TM
Dual-Water non-linear method. This
probabilistic method accommodate mineralogic composition yield by porosity and
volume of shale estimation.
The formula for porosity in term of effective porosity is represent as total
volume of water and hidrocarbon in unflushed zone. Whereas Volume of Wetclay is
the summation of all dry clay volumes plus volume of bound water in unflushed
zone. They represent from presence of Illite and Smectite as clay mineral content.
Smectite is belonging to Montmorilonite Clay Group which binding water as bound
water and as a disperse clay can reduce porosity. They influence to reservoir
quality and performance.
Permeability is determine from permeability-porosity transform from core. It is
common method which is agree that permeability has relationship between. Its
derive from exponential relationship between porosity and permeability from core
data. In Benua field has two permeability formula very on different facies, channel
and bar. The formula are:

For CHANNEL facies
PERM = 0.0044295*exp(0.37048*100*PHIE)
else
For BAR facies
PERM = 0.034312*exp(0.32934*100*PHIE)

3. Training Data.
This phase is used to verify and statistical analyzed that the model data are valid
and good representation of data in order to obtain accuracy of the facies. This
phase is consist in building up the look up table which will be used for generate
facies
4. Facies Propagation.
In this phase there are to stage to genereate clustering algorithms. First is
deterministic coded facies core were loaded to petrophysical software with detail
scale per 0.5 Ft. Facies core create distribution of subfacies along the cored well
from top to bottom. In this study is define three facies core. Second phase is
automatically clustering using Multi Resolution Graph-based Clustering (MRGC)
method. In this study generate at least 12 clusters then propagated using kNN (k-
nearestneighbour) and distributed to non-cored wells. This is the number of
optimal models. The number of clustering values have range as ergonomic support
which a combination of statistic and graphic clustering the 12 detail subfacies are
then clustered into three major facies.




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2.4. Electrofacies Result

One of the benefits from detail facies is increasing our confidence in selecting
and proposing for water injection project to dispose excess water from around field
and increase oil production at this field. And detail facies information that to be used
in geological modeling and simulation. The result facies from B_03, we compare to
facies from B_05 for validation facies result and the facies is still relatively same.

2.5. Conclusion

This paper has presented a case study of Integration of Log Data Analysis And
Facies Core to Define Electrofacies , Using MRGC (Multi Resolution Graph-Based
Clustering) Method, in Benua Field, Central Sumatera Basin, Indonesia. With requires
an accurate geological description of reservoir characteristics, especially porosity-
permeability distribution and facies estimation.
Gathered of Permeability, Porosity and Volume of Shale are then clustered by
MRGC to simplify the determination of facies.
So Far, in this field, the result of electrofacies used combination of porosity,
permeability and volume of shale clustering, its useful for define facies.
Application of this study to gave us a better understanding of relationship
among porosity, permeability, and sedimentary facies that to be used for geological
and petrophysical modeling and proposed the reservoir for water injection project to
improve oil recovery.




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3. REFERENCES
Asikin, S., Sapiie, B., Kesumajana, A., H., Nugroho, D., dkk., 2006, Studi Regional dan Potensi
Hidrokarbon Blok CPP, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Aulia, K., Heidrick, T. L., Yarmanto, Mertani, B., 1997, Petroleum Geology of Central Sumatra
Basin, PT. Caltex Pacific Indonesia.
Coates, G.R., and Dumanoir, J.L., 1973, A New Approach to Improved Log Derived Permeability,
SPWLA 14
th
Annual Logging Symposium.
Fraser, H.J., 1935, Experimental study of the porosity and permeability of clastic sediments, J.
Geol., V. 43, p 910-1010.
Harsono, A., 1994, Teknik Interpretasi Log, IATMI
Harsono, A., 1997, Evaluasi Formasi dan Aplikasi Log, edisi-8.
Paradigm Geophysical, MULTIMIN
TM
Technical Reference.
Paradigm Geophysical, FACIMAGE
TM
Technical Reference.
Rabiller, Ph., Leduc, J.P., Total Fina Elf and Ye, S.J., Halliburton Energy Services, 2001, The
Iterative Use of Clustering and Modeling to Improve Permeability Prediction, paper, SPWLA
42nd Annual Logging Symposium, June 16-20.
Ramon, J.C and Cross, T.A, 1997, Characterization And Prediction Of Reservoir Architecture And
Petrophysical Properties in Fluvial Channel Sandstones, Middle Magdalena Basin, Colombia,
Department of Geology and Geological Emginering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
(USA)
Serra, O. and Abbot, H., 1980, The Contribution of Logging Data to Sedimentology and
Stratigraphy. SPE of AIME, Transaction 55
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Annual Fall Technology Conference, paper SPE
9270
Trisakti, BATM 2007, Studi Reservoir Modeling Lapangan Benua.
Walker, R. G., James, N. P., 1992, Geological Association of Canada, Facies Models : Response
to Sea Level Change, 1992.
Ye, S.J. And Rabiller, Ph., 2000, A New Tool For ElectroFacies Analysis: Multi-Resolution Graph-
Based Clustering, paper, SPWLA 41st Annual Logging Symposium, June 4-7.
Ye, S.J. And Rabiller, Ph., 2002, Automated Electrofacies Ordering, Published In : Petrophysics,
Vol. 46, No.6 (December 2005)
Zhu Yiwu, Pore Texture Of A Sandstone Reservoir With Low Permeability, Chang Qing Petroleum
Administration, Chapter-16.











4. LI ST TABLES
Table 1. The comparison between type log dan description from core data

























Table 2. An optimal number of clusters is calculated based on a Kernel
Representative Index (KRI) and based on a user-specified resolution






5. LI ST OF FI GURES





Figure 1. MRGC automatically determines the optimal number of clusters, yet allows
the geologist to control the level of detail actually needed to define the
electrofacies.










Figure 2. B_03 Well (Based on core and log B_03, the Electrofacies was made)



Figure 3. B_04 Well (To validate the electrofacies model, we compare the facies from
core B_04 and the facies is still relatively similar)






Figure 4. B_24 Well (To validate the electrofacies model, we compare the facies from
core B_24 and the facies is still relatively similar)