DATA SHEET

Test no 1 2 3 4 5
Gauge Evaporator pressure
Pe ( KN/m2)

-28 -29 -29 -28 -25
Absolute Evaporator Pressure
Pe ( KN/m2)

73.32 72.32 72.32 73.32 76.32
Evaporator temperature
T5 (oC)

23 24 24 24 25
Evaporator Water Flow Rate
ms ( gm /s)

50 40 30 20 10
Evaporator Water Inlet Temp
T1 ( oC)

31 31 31 31 31
Evaporator Water outlet Temp
T2 ( oC)

28 28 28 28 28
Condensed Liquid Temp
T8 (oC)

42 40 41 42 46
Gauge Condenser Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)

62 63 69 75 90
Absolute Condenser Pressure
Pc ( kN/m2)

181.32 176.32 181.32 183.32 194.32
Compressor Discharge Temp
T7 ( oC)

67 71 76 79 82
Condenser Temp
T6 (oC)

40 41 42 43 47
Condenser Water Flow Rate
mc (gm/s)

50 40 30 20 10
Condenser Water Inlet Temp
T4 ( oC)

31 32 31 31 31
Condenser Water Outlet Temp
T3 ( oC)

33 33 33 35 40
Compressor Power input
W ( watts)

235 235 235 235 235
Appendix:
P
abs
= P
atm
+ P
gauge
1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 101325 Pa
Convert to kN / m
2
:
101325 Pa x 0.020886 lbf x 1 N __ x ____1 ft
2
____

= 101327 N/m
2
@
1 Pa .ft
2
0.22481 lbf 0.09290304 m
2
= 101.327 kN/m

Hence:
Example 1:
P
abs
= 101.327 kN/m
2
+ ( -28) = 73.32 kN/ m
2

















CALORIMETER





Calorimeter plays an important role in measuring heat capacity in a number of secure environments,
as well as the physical changes that occur with the incidence of specific chemical reactions.
Calorimeter actually identify the rate and scale of the production of that heat or energy and
translate it into numerical designations that can be used to adequately measure the production and
the assimilation of heat and energy.










COMPONENT OF STEAM PLANT




The steam plant consists of several components which is boiler , steam engine , condenser and a
feed pump.

BOILER
The boiler generates high pressure steam by transfering the heat of combustion in various heat
transfer sections. Volume of one unit mass of steam is thousand times that of water so when water
is converted to steam in a closed vessel , the pressure will increase. Boiler uses this principle to
produce high pressure steam.
Conversion of Water to Steam evolves in three stages:
Heating the water from cold condition to boiling point or saturation temperature sensible
heat addition.
Water boils at saturation temperature to produce steam - Latent heat addition
Heating steam from saturation temperature to higher temperature called Superheating to
increase the power plant output and efficiency.



STEAM ENGINE

A steam engine is an external combustion heat engine, used to convert heat energy into mechanical
work. It was first invented about three centuries ago and quickly became widespread throughout the
world, mostly used for steam locomotives. Even today steam engines are extremely popular,
although they are not used anymore to power train locomotives and their design has deviated
somehow from the original concept.
Steam engines are currently responsible for producing 86 percent of the total electric energy in the
world. The pistons used to produce mechanical work have been replaced by steam turbines;
although very hard to build, steam turbines are much more efficient than pistons, take less material
to build and can be easily scaled up.
The first working steam engine was presumably built by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt in
1705, and acted as the foundation for the first Industrial Revolution.

CONDENSER

A condenser in a steam power plant is a commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and tube heat
exchanger installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. These
condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a
pressure below atmospheric pressure where cooling water is in short supply, an air-cooled
condenser is often used. It creates a low pressure at the exhaust of the turbine that permits the
expansion of the steam in the prime mover to low pressure. This expansion helps to convert the heat
energy of steam into mechanical energy, and the condensed steam can be used to feed water to the
boiler.
An air-cooled condenser is significantly more expensive and cannot achieve as low a steam turbine
exhaust pressure as a water-cooled surface condenser.
Surface condensers are also used in applications and industries other than the condensing of steam
turbine exhaust in power plants.






FEED PUMP

The feed pump raises the feedwater to a pressure high enough for it to enter the boiler. For auxiliary
boilers, where small amounts of feedwater are pumped, a steam-driven reciprocating positive
displacement pump may be used. Another type of feed pump often used on package boiler
installations is known as an 'electro feeder'. This is a multi-stage centrifugal pump driven by a
constant speed electric motor. The number of stages is determined by the feed quantity and
discharge pressure.
Steam turbine-driven feed pumps are usual with high-pressure watertube boiler installations. The
two-stage horizontal centrifugal pump is driven by an impulse turbine, the complete assembly being
fitted into a common casing. The turbine is supplied with steam directly from the boiler and
exhausts into a back-pressure line which can be used for feed heating. The pump bearings are
lubricated by filtered water which is tapped off from the first-stage impeller. The feed discharge
pressure is maintained by a governor, and overspeed protection trips are also provided.