Moayad Hussain Alsaedi

310 321
HV Distribution System -
Radial System -
Closed Loop System -
Open Loop System -
Double Supply System -
Distribution system is that part of the power system
which distributes power from distribution substation to
local use.
Generally the higher voltage for distribution is 13800 v
and the lower voltages are 380 v and 220v.
In this system all the sections/branches of a feeder are
fed from a single source in a fixed direction .

1-Very Simple in design:-
Suitable size of conductor.
Very simple protection schemes.
Maintenance easy.
Easy fault location.
2. Cheapest system:-
Less cost as different sizes of
conductors can be used.

1. Very poor service reliability:-
In case of fault on a feeder the supply to consumers from
those feeders is cutoff.


2. Too much voltage drop and line losses: - Due to
passage of total current through the common main
section of the feeder, voltage drop (I*R) and line losses
will be more as compared to other system.

What is closed loop system?
If a HT line emanating from a power station and
covering the load area in shape of a loop, finishes at the
same power station returning to same breaker or another
independent breaker it is called closed loop and the
system is called closed loop system. In this system each
transformer has two points, one on either side of the
transformers tap-off point.
1- This system is more reliable than radial system. If any
fault in the system occurs then the breaker at power
station open and the consumers dont have to wait very
long till the rectification of the fault as in the case of
Radial system.


2-Less voltage drop, less line losses As compared to
radial system the voltage drop and line losses is less.

This is an expensive system because of the following
reasons.
1- It requires extra length of loop to complete the loop
back to power station.

2-Each transformer has to be provided with two points.

3-If loop size is so large then the fault location time may
exceed up to 5 to 6 hours, and if consumers are without
electricity for this time then there is no justification to
install such a system.

In a closed-loop system with two breakers, if one of the
two points of low-load-section is kept normally open,
the system is named as open-loop system

Double supply system is that system in which additional
radial feeder is provided side by side to feed the same
consumer. This means that side by connecting of radial
feeder in a parallel manner. It uses automatic change
over switches.




Thank you!