Owner Doc. No.

Rev.
Contr Doc. No. S-000-3115-001 Date
J ob Code Sheet 1 of 8
Prepared by
Checked by
Approved by


























Rev. Date Page Description Prepd Chkd Appd ASC Appd






























CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR

EARTHWORKS


















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CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR EARTHWORKS SHEET 2 OF 8






Contents
1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS .................................................................................................... 3
1.3 J OB CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................. 4
2 MATERIAL ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 FILL MATERIAL ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 ON-SITE FILL MATERIAL ....................................................................................................... 5
2.3 TRENCH AND STRUCTURAL BACKFILL .............................................................................. 5
2.4 OTHER MATERIALS ............................................................................................................... 5
3 EXECUTION ......................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 5
3.2 EXCAVATION .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE ............................................................................................ 6
3.4 EXCESS WATER CONTROL .................................................................................................. 6
3.5 FILLING AND COMPACTION ................................................................................................. 7
4 QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................................................ 7














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1. GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION
1.1.1 Scope
This specification covers the requirements for the excavation and backfilling for structures where
shown on the drawings and as specified herein.
The work includes but not limited to :
(1) Surveying
(2) Site clearing
(3) Protecting existing facilities
(4) Excavating for footings and foundations
(5) Filling and backfilling to formation levels
(6) Preparation of subgrade in building areas
(7) Earthworks generally
(8) Quality control

1.1.2 Surveying

(1) All surveying required for the works shall be performed by the Subcontractor. The
elevations and distances shall be measured from J PIs approved existing bench marks.
(2) All the surveying methods and records shall be submitted to J PI for approval.
1.1.3 Site Clearing
The entire site as indicated on the drawings shall be cleared, and the Contractor shall take all
necessary precautions in the execution of this.
1.1.4 Protection of Existing Facilities
All the existing facilities in the vicinity of the Works shall be protected from damage. Existing
lighting poles, foundations, pipes on sleepers, ditches etc., shall be protected as required in a
manner as approved by J PI.
Existing facilities such as fences, lighting poles etc., if temporarily relocated or removed, shall be
re-installed by the Subcontractor at his own expense.
1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS
(1) Applicable standards
S-000-1310-001 : (TBA)
D-000-1310-001~005 : (TBA)
D-000-1320-001~009 : (TBA)
(2) Particular standards
Unless otherwise specified or shown, the following codes and standards of the latest issue
shall apply :


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ASTM D1557 : Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristic of Soil Using
Modified Effort
ASTM D2487 : Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
ASTM D1140 : Test Method for Amount of Material in Soils Finer than No. 20 (75-m)
ASTM D4318 : Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
ASTM D4914 : Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a
Test Pit
1.3 JOB CONDITIONS
1.3.1 Dust Control
(1) Use all means necessary to control dust on and near the work and on and near all off-site
borrow areas if such dust is caused by the Subcontractors operations during performance
of the work or if resulting from the conditions in which the Subcontractor leaves the site.
(2) Thoroughly moisten all surfaces as required to prevent dust from being a nuisance to the
public, neighbors, and concurrent performance of other work on the site.
1.3.2 Protection
(1) Use all means necessary to protect materials used before, during, and after incorporation
into the work.
(2) In the event of damage, immediately make all repairs and replacements under J PIs
instruction at the Subcontractors expense.
(3) Use all means necessary to protect existing facilities inside and outside the jobsite.
1.3.3 Design and Safety Monitoring
Soil condition, soil pressure, ground water levels, settlement and movement of existing facilities,
deformation of trench sheeting and bracing etc., shall be monitored and measured.
1.3.4 Removal of Obstacles and Obstructions
The Subcontractor shall notify J PI of any obstacles and/or obstructions encountered above and
below ground within the site and shall, with the minimum interruption to the work, provide
support, protection, or removal of such obstacles or obstructions as directed by J PI. Roots of
trees shall be grubbed out to approximately 1.0 meter below existing natural grade.
1.3.5 Contamination of Excavations
Should waste oil, chemical fluids or other harmful liquids or gases enter excavation areas, the
work shall be suspended and appropriate measures shall be taken with strict regard to safety
and damage prevention. The Contractor shall immediately inform J PI of any such occurrences.
2 MATERIAL
2.1 FILL MATERIAL
(1) All fill material shall be approved by J PI.
(2) For approval of fill material, notify J PI at least two weeks in advance of intention to import
material.
(3) Take samples and perform necessary test for the quality for J PIs approval.
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2.2 ON-SITE FILL MATERIAL
Cohesionless sea sand may be used as fill material, if available on site. When using this
material, the Subcontractor shall ensure that the fill is free from vegetable matter, corrosive
material debris, and other deleterious substances.
2.3 TRENCH AND STRUCTURAL BACKFILL
2.3.1 On-Site Fill Material
The material shall be in accordance with the requirement of 2.2 above.
2.3.2 Excavated Material
(1) Material excavated from the site, except unacceptable, deleterious material, shall be used
for backfilling subject to J PIs inspection and approval.
(2) Excavated material which is approved by J PI for backfill shall be stockpiled at a location
adjacent to the construction site as directed by J PI.
2.4 OTHER MATERIALS
All other materials, not specifically described but required for a complete and proper installation
shall be selected by the Subcontractor subject to J PIs approval.
3 EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Familiarization
Prior to all work of this Specification, the Subcontractor shall become thoroughly familiar with
the site, the site conditions, the subsoil conditions, and all portions of the work within this
Specification.
3.1.2 Temporary Access and Drainage
If the worksite is inaccessible due to soft soil or due to the presence of existing culverts or
ditches, the Subcontractor shall provided necessary means of access by matting or rafting etc.
at the Subcontractors expense.

3.1.3 Prior to Backfilling
(1) Do not allow any of the work to be covered up or enclosed prior to all required inspection
and approval.
(2) Should any of the work be so enclosed or covered up before it has been approved,
uncover all such work at no additional cost to J PI.
(3) Prior to backfilling, all backfill material shall be inspected by J PI.
3.1.4 Explosives
The use of explosives shall on no account be permitted in the construction of the works.
3.2 EXCAVATION
3.2.1 Excavation to Levels
(1) All excavation shall be made to lines and elevations as shown on the Design Drawings.
Where excavation levels are not shown on the Design Drawings, excavate as required to
accommodate the installation. Do not disturb adjacent foundation bottoms.
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(2) In case of over excavation, the proper procedure shall be taken to backfill subject to J PIs
approval.
(3) When unsuitable soil is encountered at the specified excavation level, the Contractor shall
report the condition to J PI and obtain the direction for corrective action before proceeding.
(4) Prior excavation work commence at existing area of *** Plant, excavation permit shall be
prepared.
(5) For excavation depth more than 900 mm at existing area of *** Plant, confined space
permit shall be prepared to confirm oxygen content and no toxid gas have been trapped
on excavation area
3.2.2 Excavated Faces
The Subcontractor shall have full responsibility for maintaining the stability of all excavated
faces until final acceptance of the foundation works.
3.2.3 Over Excavation
(1) Backfill and compact all over Excavated areas as specified in 3.2.1 (2) above for fill at the
Subcontractors expense.
(2) Over Excavation adjacent to existing foundations shall be avoided. If over excavation is
necessary, proper support and protection to existing structures and facilities as approved
by J PI shall be provided by the Subcontractor.
3.2.4 Removal of Surplus Soil
Surplus soil and J PI -disapproved excavated material such as clay or boulders shall be
removed from the site as directed by J PI in such a manner that other works are not interrupted.
No surplus excavated material shall be removed from the site without the permission of J PI.
Removal of surplus soil from existing area of *** Plant shall be completed with Waste Disposal
Permit that released by Environment Department of ***.
3.2.5 Soft Spots
Where unexpected soft deposits are encountered during the course of excavation for
foundation, they shall be removed in accordance with J PIs instruction and shall be filled with
J PIs approved materials.
3.3 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE
3.3.1 Scarifying
For cutting or filling existing subgrade of underfloor areas to required formation levels, scarify
the exposed surface to a minimum depth of 150 mm and recompact the soil as specified.
3.3.2 Levelling
Remove all roots, hummocks, and other uneven surfaces of subgrade prior to placement of fill.
3.4 EXCESS WATER CONTROL
3.4.1 Unfavorable Weather
Do not place, spread, or roll and fill material during unfavorable weather conditions. Do not
resume operations before moisture content and fill density are satisfactory to J PI.
3.4.2 Flooding
Provide berms or channels to prevent flooding of subgrade. Promptly remove all water
collecting in depression.

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3.4.3 Softened Subgrade
Where soil has been softened or eroded by flooding or placement during unfavorable weather,
remove all damaged areas and recompact as specified.
3.4.4 De-Watering
(1) Provide and maintain at all time of construction, all possible means and devices shall be
considered and provided to promptly remove and dispose of all water entering the
excavated areas or other parts of the work.
(2) Flooded excavations shall be de-watered including forming temporary sumps, and all
residual silt and muck is to be removed before proceeding with the work.
(3) If groundwater or springs are encounted, the Subcontractor shall pump excavations free
of water prior, during, and for a sufficient period after placing foundations.
3.5 FILLING AND COMPACTION
3.5.1 Filling
After subgrade and bottoms of foundations and trenches have been prepared and approved by
J PI, spread approved fill material in layers not exceeding 300 mm in uncompacted thickness.
Tolerance for the finished filled elevations shall be kept to plus 50 mm ; finished filled levels
shall not be less than that stated on the drawings.
3.5.2 Moisture-Conditioning
Watering the fill material as necessary and thoroughly mix to obtain as near as possible
optimum water content which will permit proper handling.
3.5.3 Compaction-General
Compact each layer of fill to at least the specified minimum degree around the foundations.
Repeat compaction process until the required level is obtained.
3.5.4 Degree of Commotion Requirements
Subgrade under floor slabs shall be compacted to a dry density equivalent to 90% (min) of the
maximum obtained in AASHTO T99 Method D or AASHTO T180 Method D.
4 QUALITY CONTROL
(1) Backfilling shall be carried out at a time agreed with J PI.
(2) The type of compaction equipment used by the Contractor shall require J PIs prior
approval.
(3) Compaction shall comply with the following :
(a) Soil Compaction test to AASHTO or equal
(b) Soil Compaction test frequency as required by J PI.
(c) Plate Loading Test :
- Frequency of the plate load test for backfilling shall be one test every 50 m x 50 m
(2,500m
2
) on the finished surface.
- Loose Fill Thickness 30 cm max.
- K valve of 30 cm dia
Bearing Plate 5 kg/cm
3
min. for general fill
7 kg/cm
3
min. for structural fill.

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Priority of the quality control method for compaction is the plate load test. If it is
better to use field density test instead of the plate load test after making
comparison table of the plate load test and field density test with J PIs approval,
the Subcontractor can proceed the quality control with the field density test.
(4) The work procedure for excavation and backfilling work shall be submitted to J PI for
approval.