Bioengineering Specification

Taplejung Airport Project: Strengthening (Asphalt Concrete) of
Runway, Taxiway, Apron and ther Associated !or"s Technical Specification

Contract #o$ CAA#%A&'%TP(%Asphalt Concrete%)*)+)*,%)- PART- 1200 Bio-Engineering Work
PART 1200 BIO-ENINEERIN WOR!S
1201 S"OPE
This Section co.ers all co/ponents of 0io+engineering wor"s such as pro.ision of seed and
plant cutting, nursery construction and operation, slope preparation for planning, site planting
and sowing, jute netting, ga0ion wire 0olsters and wire 0olsters and wire netting, site
protection and aftercare%/aintenance$
1202 PRO#ISION O$ SEE%S
1202&1 eneral
1202&1&1 The Contractor shall pro.ide or collect seeds of the re1uired species and 1uantities in
accordance with the re1uire/ents descri0ed hereafter, as and when re1uired$ 2e shall
supply all necessary expertise, resources and facilities to ensure that these re1uire/ents
are /et in full$ 3t shall 0e ensured that the seed is of a high 1uality$
1202&1&2 The &ngineer shall gi.e indications as to the expected a/ounts of seeds re1uired and
the ti/e of a.aila0ility$ 4ut it shall 0e the Contractor responsi0ility to ensure that ade1uate
1uantities of seeds are o0tained in a ti/ely /anner$
1202&1&' The weight to 0e specified shall 0e for sun+dried seeds separated co/pletely fro/ fruiting
0odies and other unwanted parts, and ready for storage and su0se1uent sowing$ There
is usually large discrepancy 0etween this weight and that of the freshly collected,
untreated fruits$
1202&1&( Should the Contractor 0e una0le to supply the specified seeds, the ad.ice of the
&ngineer should 0e sought$ The &ngineer /ay appro.e other su0stitute species, if found
appropriate$ Seed shall not 0e o0tained co//ercially without the &ngineer5s written
authority$
1202&2 ra)) See* "ollection
1202&2&1 The species of grass seeds to 0e collected shall 0e deter/ined 0y the &ngineer$ The
Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for deter/ining seed sources, through these /ay 0e
specified 0y the &ngineer5s instructions$ Seeds shall 0e collected in or .ery close to the
office of use or the project area as /uch as possi0le$
1202&2&2 3f the &ngineer does not specify the species, then the current appro.ed list of 0io+
engineering plants, as deter/ined 0y the 6eo+ &n.iron/ental 7nit of the 'epart/ent
of Roads shall 0e referred to$
1202&2&' Seeds shall 0e collected fro/ as /any indi.idual plants as possi0le$ !ith grasses, it is
difficult to deter/ine the 0est genetic /aterial fro/ the appearance of for/8 0ut it is
generally sound practice to select fro/ the largest and /ost .igorous plants$
1202&2&( The Contractor shall under no circu/stances da/ages or re/o.e the roots of grass
plants while collecting seed$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for safety /easures
and for /a"ing all necessary arrange/ents with landowners, far/ers and the local
'istrict 9orest ffice, as applica0le, 0efore the collection of seeds$
1202&2&+ Seeds shall only 0e collected when fully ripe$ Seeds collected early shall not 0e
accepted$ The Contractor shall 0e held lia0le if the ger/ination rate of seeds is lower than
*):$
Page ; ,<=
1202&2&, 3//ediately after collection, seeds shall 0e separated fro/ flower heads 0y the /ethod
nor/ally used 0y far/ers for other grasses$ nce separated, the seeds shall 0e sun+dried
0efore storage$
1202&2&- Seeds shall 0e stored in a cool, dry, .entilated 0uilding with ade1uate precautions ta"en
against pests$ Containers shall 0e raised a0o.e the floor$ They shall not 0e "ept in the
sa/e 0uilding in which /aterials li"e ce/ent, or any che/icals, fuels or lu0ricants are
stored$ 6rass shall 0e stored in 0ags /ade of cotton$ Seeds shall 0e carefully inspected
on a wee"ly 0asis to ensure that there is no deterioration or /ould for/ation, or pest
attac"$ Seeds shall only 0e stored after they ha.e 0een properly dried in the sun
0eforehand$
1202&2&. >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !or"s shall 0e /easured on the 0asis of actual 1uantity
collected, weighed in ?ilogra/ and accepted 0y the &ngineer$ The 1uantities thus
/easured shall 0e paid at the unit rates shown in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent
shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents of
collection location, pro.ision of safety /easures, collection of seeds, separation of
seeds, preparation of seeds, sun drying, pac"ing and pro.iding the seeds as per these
Specifications$
1202&' Tree an* Shr/0 See* "ollection
1202&'&1 The species of tree and shru0 to 0e collected shall 0e deter/ined 0y the &ngineer$
The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for deter/ining seed sources, though these /ay
0e specified 0y the &ngineer5s instructions$ Seeds shall nor/ally 0e collected in or .ery
close to the wor"ing area$
1202&'&2 3f the &ngineer does not specify the species, then the current appro.ed list of 0io+
engineering plant, as deter/ined 0y the 6eo+&n.iron/ental 7nit of 'epart/ent of Roads
shall 0e referred to$
1202&'&' Seeds shall 0e collected fro/ as /any indi.idual plants as possi0le$ 3f any e.ent, they
shall 0e collected fro/ at least ten indi.idual plant$ The plants fro/ which the seeds
are collected shall show .igorous growth and good for/$ >is+sha.en and stunted
plants shall 0e discarded$
1202&'&( The Contractor shall under no circu/stances da/age plants while collecting seed$ The
Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for /a"ing all necessary arrange/ents with and
owners, far/ers and the local 'istrict 9orest ffice, as applica0le, 0efore the collection of
seeds$
1202&'&+ Appropriately trained personnel with appropriate e1uip/ent shall 0e e/ployed while
collecting the seeds$ 3t shall 0e the Contractor5s responsi0ility to ensure safe wor"ing
conditions for his e/ployees or Su0+contractors$
1202&'&, Seeds shall only 0e collected when fully ripe$ Seeds collected early shall not 0e
accepted$ The Contractor shall 0e held lia0le if the ger/ination rate of seeds is lower than
A):$
1202&'&- 3//ediately after collection, seeds shall 0e separated fro/ fruit 0y the /ethod nor/ally
used 0y far/ers and foresters for this purpose8 this shall depend on the indi.idual
species$ nce separated, the seeds shall 0e sun+dried 0efore storage$
1202&'&. Seeds shall 0e stored in a cool, dry, .entilated 0uilding with ade1uate precautions ta"en
against pests$ Containers shall 0e raised a0o.e the floor$ They shall not 0e "ept in the
sa/e 0uilding in which /aterials li"e ce/ent, or any che/icals, fuels or lu0ricants are
stored$ 3f "ept in sealed containers, the seeds shall 0e carefully inspected on a wee"ly
0asis to ensure that there is no deterioration or /ould for/ation or pest attac"$ Seeds
Page ; ,<B
shall only 0e stored after they ha.e 0een properly dried in the sun 0eforehand$
1202&'&1 >easure/ent and pay/ent: wor"s shall 0e /easured on the 0asis of actual 1uantity
collected, accepted and weighed in ?ilogra/$ The 1uantities thus /easured shall 0e
paid at the unit rates shown in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and
the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents of collection location,
pro.ision of safety /easures, collection of seeds, separation of seeds, preparation of
seeds, sun drying, pac"ing and pro.iding the seeds as per these Specifications$
120' PRO#ISION O$ P2ANT "3TTINS
120'&1 eneral
120'&1&1 Species of plants to 0e collected for .egetati.e propagation shall 0e deter/ined 0y the
&ngineer$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for deter/ining plant /aterial sources,
through these /ay 0e specified 0y the &ngineer5s instructions$ Plants shall nor/ally 0e
collected in or .ery close to the wor"ing area$
120'&1&1 3f the &ngineer does not specify the species, then the current appro.ed list to 0io+
engineering plants, as deter/ined 0y the 6eo+&n.iron/ental 7nit of the 'epart/ent
of Roads shall 0e referred to$
120'&' Pro4i)ion of ra)) "/tting
120'&'&1 Cuttings of .arious types shall 0e ta"en fro/ grass species, which are "nown to
propagate easily 0y .egetati.e /eans$
120'&'&2 Cuttings shall 0e /ade fro/ as /any healthy indi.idual plants as possi0le$ The
plants fro/ which the cuttings are ta"en shall show .igorous growth and good for/$
6rass clu/ps showing stunted growth shall not 0e considered as sources$
120'&'&' Apart fro/ the clu/ps, which are dugs up to /a"e cutting, the contractor shall under no
circu/stances da/age other plants$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for /a"ing all
necessary arrange/ents with landowners, far/ers and the local 'istrict 9orest ffice, as
applica0le 0efore the /a"ing of hardwood cuttings$
120'&'&( The type of cuttings to 0e /ade shall depend on the species and shall 0e as shown in
Ta0le ,<)-$,$ 3f the species used is not listed here, then the latest technical infor/ation
pro.ided 0y the 6eo+&n.iron/ental 7nit shall 0e consulted$ 3f the species is still not
co.ered, then ste/ and root slip cuttings shall 0e used$
Ta0le 120'&15 T6pe of ra)) "/tting
Local
Na me
Bot a ni c a l
Na me
Bes t
Pr op a g a t i o
n
De t a i l s
A/liso
Thysanolaena maxima
RhiCo/e
cuttings
Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 rhiCo/e: =)+A)
//
4a0iyo Eulaliopsis binata Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
'honde
Neyraudia reynaudiana
Ste/%slip
cuttings
Ste/ cuttings: < nodes plus =) //
each side8 Slips: ste/: ,))+,=) //8
root: -)+B) //
?ans Saccharum spontaneum Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
?har
Cymbopogon
microtheca
Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
?hus Vetiver zizanioides Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
#apier
Pennisetum purpureum
Ste/ cuttings Two nodes plus =) // each side
Page ; ,<*
Local
Na me
Bot a ni c a l Na me Bes t
Pr op a g a t i o
n
De t a i l s
#ar"at
Arundo clonax
Ste/%slip
cuttings
Ste/ cuttings: < nodes plus =) //
each side8 Slips: ste/: ,))+,=) //8
root: -)+B) //
Padan
g 0ans
Himalayacalamus
hooerianus
Darge slip
cuttings
Ste/: *=)+,<)) //8 root: ,))+<))
//
Phur"e
Arunduella nepalensis
Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
Sito Neyraudia arundinacea Slip cuttings Ste/: ,))+,=) //8 root: -)+B) //
Tite
nigalo
!repanostachyum
intermedium
Darge slip
cuttings
Ste/: *=)+,<)) //8 root: ,))+<))
//
120'&'&+ !here roots are re1uired for the cuttings, grass clu/ps shall 0e carefully dug up$ They
shall not 0e pulled hard so as to da/age the /aterial$ They shall 0e separated carefully
0y hand, using a sharp "hu"uri or "nife where necessary$ There shall 0e no tearing of
the plant fa0ric$
120'&'&, Ste/ cutting shall 0e /ade using sharp secateurs or "hu"uri$ The tip cut shall 0e /ade at
right angles to the ste/ and the 0otto/ cut shall 0e /ade at E=
o
C to the ste/$
120'&'&- nce cuttings ha.e 0een /ade, they shall 0e wrapped in wet hessian jute i//ediately$
At all ti/es, cuttings shall 0e "ept /oist and as cool as possi0le, and shall 0e wrapped in
wet hessian 0etween all operations such as digging out of the ground, splitting out, tri//ing
and planting$ 3f the hessian jute is not easily a.aila0le, the cuttings shall 0e co.ered with
the thic" 0lan"et of off+cut part of .egetation such as Titepati and 4an/ara$ 9or this prior
appro.al of the &ngineer shall 0e re1uired$ 7nder any circu/stances, all cuttings shall
0e planted the sa/e day that they are /ade$
120'&'&. >easure/ent and Pay/ent: >easure/ent of grass cuttings shall 0e /ade on the 0asis
of actual nu/0ers of slip or cutting prepared, counted on site and accepted$ The 1uantities
thus /easured shall 0e paid at the unit rate shown in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such
pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for all
arrange/ents for uprooting of grass clu/ps, collection of /aterials for cuttings and
preparation and pro.iding the cuttings as per these Specifications$
120'&( Pro4i)ion of 7ar*8oo* "/tting)
120'&(&1 2ardwood cuttings shall 0e ta"en fro/ shru0s and trees species which are "nown to
propagate easily 0y .egetati.e /eans$
120'&(&2 Cuttings shall 0e /ade fro/ as /any healthy indi.idual plants as possi0le$ The
plants fro/ which the cuttings are ta"en shall show .igorous growth and good for/$
>is+ sha.en and stunted plants shall not 0e considered as source$
120'&(&' Apart fro/ the 0ranches fro/ which cuttings are ta"en, the Contractor shall under no
circu/stances da/age plants while ta"ing cuttings$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le
for ta"ing safety precautions and for /a"ing all necessary arrange/ents with
landowners, far/ers and the local 'istrict 9orest ffice, as applica0le, 0efore the
/a"ing of hardwood cuttings$
Page ; ,<A
120'&(&( 2ardwood cuttings shall 0e /ade fro/ ste/s which are 0etween B and ,A /onths old$
>aterials outside this range shall not 0e used$ The Contractor shall 0e held lia0le if the
success rate of cuttings is lower than *):$
120'&'&' 2ardwood cutting shall 0e /ade using sharp secateurs or a sharp saw$ The top cut shall
0e /ade at right angles to the ste/ and the 0otto/ cut shall 0e /ade at E=F to the
ste/$ 7nder no circu/stances shall there 0e any da/age to the 0ar" of the cutting$
120'&'&( 2ardwood cuttings, which are to 0e planted in the nursery for later /ultiplication, shall
0e nor/ally ,=) to <)) // in length and <) to -) // in dia/eter$ This siCe shall not
0e exceeded for the /ajority of species unless specified or appro.ed 0y the &ngineer$
120'&'&+ 2ardwood cuttings which are to 0e used in 0rush layering, palisades and li.e sta"es
shall nor/ally 0e E=) // for 0rush layering on road e/0an"/ents, B)) // for 0rush
layering on landslide de0ris, B)) // for palisades and <) to E) // in dia/eter$ This
length of cuttings shall not 0e exceeded for the /ajority of species unless specified or
appro.ed 0y the &ngineer$
120'&'&, The siCe of cuttings shall 0e of a /ini/u/ length of ,))) // and =) // of dia/eter for
fascines$ All the s/all 0ranches growing fro/ the /ain 0ranch shall 0e preser.ed$ Those
s/all 0ranches contain the first sprouting 0uds which will help to "eep ali.e the /ain
0ranches as they are 0uried in the ground$
120'&'&- A nu/0er of species can 0e propagated using large truncheon cuttings$ 3n this category
fall chuletro (4rassaiopsis hainla), da0da0e (6aruga pinnata), "a.ro (9icus lacor),
phaledo (&rythrina species) and 6liricidia sepiu/$ 2ardwood cuttings for these species
shall 0e in the range of <))) to <=)) // in length and =) to A) // in dia/eter
unless otherwise specified$
120'&'&. All trunchen cuttings shall 0e co.ered with long /ulch during transportation and storage$
7nder any circu/stances, all cuttings shall 0e planted within two days that they are /ade$
120'&'&1 >easure/ent and Pay/ent: >easure/ent of hardwood cuttings shall 0e /ade on the
0asis of actual nu/0ers of cutting prepared, counted on site and accepted$ The
1uantities thus /easured shall 0e paid at the unit rate shown in the 4ill of @uantities$
Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for all
arrange/ents for collection of /aterials and preparation of cuttings and pro.iding the
cuttings as per the Specifications$
120'&( Pro4i)ion of Ba90oo "/tting
120'&+&1 4a/0oo cuttings shall 0e propagated 0y two different /ethods i$e traditional /ethod
and single node cul/ cuttings /ethod$
120'&+&2 Cuttings shall 0e /ade fro/ as /any healthy indi.idual cul/ as possi0le$ The cul/ fro/
which the cuttings are ta"en shall show .igorous growth and good for/ ha.ing hea.ily
0ranched$ >is+sha.en and stunted plants shall not 0e considered as source$
120'&+&' The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for ta"ing safety precautions and for /a"ing all
necessary arrange/ents with landowners, far/ers and the local 'istrict 9orest ffice, as
applica0le, 0efore /a"ing of cuttings$ The traditional /ethod which will re1uire to ta"e
the whole cul/ and /other rhiCo/e /ay eradicate the further de.elop/ent of clu/p$
3n this case, the contractor shall 0e responsi0le to /a"e aware of such pro0a0ility to the
owner 0efore ta"ing the rhiCo/es fro/ such clu/p$ 2owe.er, if the sourcing clu/ps are
growing on steep slopes, the contractor shall not ta"e /ore than ,): cul/ fro/ the
sourcing clu/p$
120'&+&( The type of cuttings to 0e /ade which depend on the species$ Single node cul/
Page ; ,<G
cuttings or traditional rhiCo/e cuttings shall 0e /ade fro/ the cul/ which are 0etween
<+- years old$ >aterials outside this range shall not 0e used without the prior appro.al
of the &ngineer$ The Contractor shall 0e held lia0le if the success rate of single node
cul/ cuttings is lower than B): and in the case of or rhiCo/e cuttings not sur.i.ing ,)):$
120'&+&+ Single node cuttings shall 0e /ade using sharp log saw$ The top and 0otto/ cut shall 0e
/ade at right angles to the ste/$ 7nder no circu/stances shall there 0e any da/age to
the 0ud and internode section of cul/$
120'&+&, The rhiCo/e cuttings shall 0e /ade using sharp log saw, axe and secateurs$
120'&+&- nce cuttings ha.e 0een /ade, they shall 0e wrapped in wet hessian jute i//ediately$
At all ti/es, cuttings shall 0e "ept /oist and as cool as possi0le, and shall 0e wrapped in
wet hessian 0etween all operations such as ta"ing fro/ the parent plant, transporting and
planting$ 7nder any circu/stances, all cuttings /ust 0e planted within two days of that
they are /ade$
120'&+&. >easure/ent and Pay/ent: >easure/ent of 0a/0oo cuttings shall 0e /ade on the
0asis of actual nu/0ers of cuttings prepared, counted on site and accepted$ The
1uantities thus /easured shall 0e paid at the unit rate shown in the 4ill of @uantities$
Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for all
arrange/ents for purchasing of 0a/0oo and preparation of cuttings and pro.iding the
cuttings as per the Specifications$
120(& N3RSER: "ONSTR3"TION
The Contractor shall pro.ide nurseries to contri0ute stoc"s of grasses, shru0s and trees for
planting operations as re1uired 0y the &ngineer$ This shall 0e done according to the
specifications descri0ed hereunder, as and when re1uired 0y the &ngineer$ The Contractor
shall supply all necessary expertise, resources and facilities to ensure that these
re1uire/ents are /et$
The Contractor shall note that the esta0lish/ent and effecti.e operation of plant nurseries is
a s"illed 0usiness re1uiring experienced and trained staff$ These specifications alone do
not pro.ide all the infor/ation needed to set up and run nurseries$ The Contractor shall see"
the ad.ice of specialist agencies and shall refer to the large nu/0er of reference 0oo"s
a.aila0le on the su0ject$
The purpose of a nursery shall 0e to supply good 1uality, healthy plants of the correct type
and species at the precise ti/e they are re1uired$
120(&1 N/r)er6 E)ta0li)h9ent
(a) The Contractor shall pro.ide nursery facilities ade1uatG to supply all of the stoc"
re1uired for planting operations$ Alternati.ely, he /ay procure planting stoc"
fro/ elsewhere at the ti/e of site planting, pro.ided it is of a standard accepta0le
to the &ngineer and as descri0ed hereunder$
(b) 3n selecting a site for a nursery, if not instructed 0y the &ngineer, the Contractor
shall fulfil the following re1uire/ents$
(i) #urseries shall 0e as close as possi0le to all sites to 0e planted$ They shall 0e
at the sa/e altitude as, and in an identical cli/atic area to, the sites to 0e
planted$
(ii) !here.er possi0le, nurseries shall 0e esta0lished on land owned 0y the
'epart/ent of Roads if it is a.aila0le and 0iophysically suita0le$ 3f it is not,
Page ; ,-)
other land of 2is >ajestyHs 6o.ern/ent shall 0e used if it is a.aila0le$
(iii) #urseries shall ha.e a relia0le and ade1uate supply of water which re/ains
constant throughout the later part of the dry season$
(iv) #urseries shall ha.e all weather .ehicular access$
(v) #urseries shall ha.e a peri/eter of stoc"+proof fencing, effecti.e against all
do/estic ani/als$
(vi) #urseries shall ha.e a weather+ and pest+proof office cu/ seed store and
proper storage facilities for seed$ Seed shall 0e "ept cool, dry and in sealed
containers, as+specified in Su0+clauses ,<)<$, and ,<)<$ <$
(vii) All nurseries shall 0e pro.ided with at least two a0o.e+ground co/post 0ays,
0uilt of stone, 0ric" or ti/0er$
(viii) !here a nursery is esta0lished on a slope exceeding <F, the groundshall
0e le.eled 0y terracing 0efore 0eds are constructed$
(ix) A constant staff of 1ualified and experienced people /ust 0e pro.ided$
(x) There shall 0e ade1uate space in each nursery location for all operations to
0e perfor/ed in the cycle of wor"$ 3n particular, all plants shall 0e spaced out
periodically as they grow and there shall 0e ade1uate 0ed area to
acco//odate the/$
120(&2 "on)tr/ction of N/r)er6 Be*)
(a) #ursery $0eds shall 0e /ade in a different way according to their purpose$The
Contractor shall ensure that there are ade1uate 0eds a.aila0le for all the
operations to 0e underta"en in the nursery$
(0) There shall 0e paths around all 0eds to ensure the 0est possi0le access for
operations such as weeding and watering$
(c) Ta0le ,<)E$- su//arises the construction details of the fi.e /ain 0ed types,
which are descri0ed in full in paragraphs (d) to (h)$
Ta0le 120(&15 "on)tr/ction %etail) of N/r)er6 Be*)
Bed Typ e 4eds for grass
seeds, grass slips
and tree stool
cuttings
Seed 0eds for tree
seedlings
Stand out 0eds
for polypots
seedling
4eds for the
propagation of
0a/0oo cul/
cuttings
Bed Si z e , / wide x )$<= /
high
, / wide x )$,* /
high
, / wide x )$,=
/ high
, / wide x )$- /
high
De t a i l s of
Cons t r u c t i
on
=) // of washed
gra.el placed
a0o.e the ground8
then =) // of ,:,
/ix of sie.ed soil
and co/post8 and
topped with ,=)
// of -:, /ix of
sie.ed forest
topsoil and
washed sand$
=) // washed
gra.el placed
a0o.e the ground8
then =) // of
unsie.ed forest soil8
=) // of ,:- /ix
of sie.ed forest soil
and washed sand8
and topped with <)
// of washed,
sie.ed and
sterilised sand$
=) // layer of
gra.el placed
a0o.e co/pacted
ground$ A flat
stone or 0ric"
surround$
6round 0elow the
0ed is dug to a
depth of -)) //$
4ed is /ade with
,)) // of
unsie.ed soil
(lower) and <))
// of sie.ed soil
(upper)$ A 0und
,)) // high is
for/ed around the
edge$
d$ 6rass 0eds shall 0e constructed to hold grass seeds, grasses 0eing propagated
0y .egetati.e /eans$ These can 0e of any practical length 0ut shall 0e flat and of
,<)) // 0ase width and ,))) // of top width on co/pacted and a ca/0ered
ground$ They shall rise to a height of <)) // a0o.e the surrounding ground$
They shall 0e /ade up as follows: =) // of washed gra.el is placed a0o.e the
ground8 then =) // of ,:, /ix of soil and co/post8 and the 0ed is topped with
,)) // of -:, /ix of fertile, loa/y forest topsoil and washed sand$ All sie.ing
Page ; ,-,
shall 0e done with a /esh siCe of < // or s/aller$
e$ 4are root 0eds shall 0e constructed to hold seedlings transplanted fro/ the seed
0eds$ These can 0e of any practical length 0ut shall 0e flat and of ,<)) // 0ase
width and ,))) // of top width on co/pacted and a ca/0ered ground$ They shall
rise to a height of <)) // a0o.e the surrounding ground$ They shall 0e /ade up
as follows: =) // of washed gra.el is placed a0o.e the ground8 then =) // of
,:, /ix of soil and co/post8 and the 0ed is topped with ,=) // of -:, /ix of
fertile, loa/y forest topsoil and washed sand$ All sie.ing shall 0e done with a
/esh siCe of < // or s/aller$
f$ Seed 0eds shall 0e /ade .ery carefully for ger/inating s/all seeds of shru0s and
trees$ These can 0e of any practical length 0ut shall 0e flat and of one /etre in
width on co/pacted and a ca/0ered ground$ They shall rise to a height of ,*)
// a0o.e the surrounding ground and pro.ided with shadings as per the details
gi.en in the following paragraph (i)$ They shall 0e /ade up as follows: =) // of
washed gra.el placed on the ground8 then =) // of unsie.ed forest soil8 =) //
of ,:- /ix of forest soil and washed sand8 and the 0ed is topped with <) // of
washed, and sterilised sand$ All sie.ing shall 0e done with a /esh siCe of < //$
g$ Standout 0eds shall 0e constructed to hold seedlings in polythene pots$ These can
0e of any practical length 0ut shall 0e flat and of one /etre width$ 4ed floors shall
0e a0o.e surrounding ground le.el and they shall ha.e a =) // layer of
washed gra.el on the co/pacted and ca/0ered ground$ They shall ha.e a
surround, prefera0ly /ade fro/ flat stones, plan" or 0ric"s$ The 0ed shall then 0e
co.ered with the highly porous shadings as per the details pro.ided in the
following paragraph (i)$
h$ 4eds for the propagation of 0a/0oo cul/ cuttings and stool cuttings of trees
and shru0s, shall 0e /ade specially$ These can 0e of any practical length 0ut
shall 0e flat and of ,))) // width at top and ,<)) // width at 0otto/$ They shall
rise to a height of -)) // a0o.e the surrounding ground$ They shall 0e /ade up
as follows: the ground 0elow the 0ed is dug to a depth of -)) //8 the 0ed itself is
then /ade with ,)) // of unsie.ed soil on the original surface, and <)) // of
soil a0o.e this$ All soil sie.ing shall 0e done with a /esh siCe of < // or
s/aller$ 9inally, a 0und of ,)) // high shall 0e for/ed around the edge$
i$ Shades shall 0e constructed o.er the 0eds and "ept in position o.er delicate
seedlings during hours of intense sunlight, according to need$ Shades shall 0e G))
to ,<)) // a0o.e the ground, and angled so as to 0e effecti.e for as /uch of the
day as possi0le (ie with the lower side to the south)$ 4a/0oo strips laced
together with nylon string are particularly suita0le in /ost cases8 0ut o.er tree
and shru0 seed 0eds, thatched shades with a polythene lining shall 0e used$
(j) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !or" to 0e /easured shall 0e the actual top area
in s1$/ of 0eds constructed on site and accepted$ nly the finished area of the
0eds shall 0e considered after the co/pletion of its shades$ 2owe.er, despite
the fact that shades will 0e co.ering larger area than the 0eds, the final
/easure/ent shall 0e go.erned 0y the area of the top of the 0ed for pay/ent$
The pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for
pro.iding all /aterials to 0e incorporated, ail la0our, tools, e1uip/ent and
incidentals to co/plete the wor"s of #ursery esta0lish/ent and construction of
#ursery 0eds as per these Specifications$
120+& N3RSER: OPERATION AN% ;ANAE;ENT
a$ The contractor shall operate the nursery according to a high standard$ The nursery shall
0e staffed well tended at all ti/es$ 3t shall 0e /aintained in clean, tidy and efficient
/anner at all ti/es$ Plants shall always 0e healthy and .igorous$
Page ; ,-<
0$ 'ue to the nature of 0io+engineering wor"s, nurseries shall nor/ally 0e operated and
/anaged 0y s/all local contractors with a range of agricultural s"ills pro.ided it is
specified in the Contract$ 3f pro.ided in the Contract, nurseries /ay also 0e operated
and /anaged 0y direct e/ployees of the 'i.ision Road ffice$
c$ Plants shall 0e "ept properly weeded at all ti/es$
d$ !atering, as re1uired for good plant growth, shall 0e carried out regularly in the cool of
the e.ening 0etween sunset and dus"$ The Contractor shall ensure that the soil in all
0eds is "ept /oist 0ut not saturated at all ti/es$ 4eds shall 0e "ept /oist e.en when
e/pty, so that the soil is "ept in good condition$
e$ The ti/ing of nursery operations shall 0e of the ut/ost i/portance$ Acti.ities
such as seed sowing and the ta"ing of cutting shall 0e carried out within the critical few
wee"s when they will yield the desired results$ >ost other operations, such as spacing out,
root pruning and watering, shall also 0e carried out in a ti/ely /anner in accordance with
the #ursery Calendar pu0lished 0y the 6eo+&n.iron/ental 7nit of the 'epart/ent of
Roads$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le to "eep wor"s to the strict schedule re1uired
and under no circu/stances to per/it delays$
f$ >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The 0asis of /easure/ent shall 0e the actual nu/0ers of
plants counted, certified and accepted 0y the &ngineer$ @uantities /easured as a0o.e
shall 0e paid at the unit rates entered in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent shall 0e
the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for executing all the wor"s as
specified in these Specifications$
120+&1 N/r)er6 Pro*/ction of ra))
(a) 6rass shall 0e propagated in nurseries either 0y seeding in carefully prepared 0eds
or 0y .egetati.e propagation$
(b) !here grass seeding is re1uired in the nursery, finely sie.ed fertile soil /ixed with
clean sand to a texture of sandy loa/ shall 0e placed in 0eds 0efore the seeds are
sown$ Seeds shall 0e co.ered with a sheet of hessian jute until they ha.e ger/inated,
then it shall 0e carefully re/o.ed$ !atering of fresh seedlings shall 0e done 0y a
fine spray and not 0y the rose of a watering can$
(c) 6rasses to 0e propagated 0y .egetati.e /ethods shall 0e of the species instructed$
The Contractor shall o0tain ade1uate 1uantities of the plant /aterial re1uired,
0utunder no circu/stances shall he to cause serious depletion of grass stoc"s in any
steep or erosion+prone area$
(d) Iegetati.e propagation shall nor/ally 0e 0y rhiCo/e cuttings$ !ith this /ethod,
the grass shall 0e treated in exactly the sa/e way as a 0a/0oo 0eing propagated
0y the traditional #epalese far/erHs techni1ue$ A clu/p shall 0e carefully dug up
and 0rought to the nursery, 0eing "ept cool and da/p at all ti/es$ Ste/s shall
0e cut a0o.e the first or second node a0o.e the ground: this usually gi.es a length
of ,)) to <)) //$ The clu/p shall 0e separated carefully, with the /ini/u/ of
da/age to the rhiCo/es and fine roots$ Slips shall 0e separated out which "eep a
length of ste/ and a0out =) // of the rhiCo/e$ &ach slip shall ha.e so/e 0uds
on the rhiCo/e, 0ut in so/e grasses these can 0e difficult to see$ The slips shall 0e
planted with the soil surface at the sa/e le.el as it was originally, in rows at <))
// centres8 slips shall 0e at <)) // centres within the rows$ A sheet of hessian
jute shall 0e placed o.er the tops of the cuttings$ !hen the new shoots are a0out
=) // long, it shall 0e re/o.ed$
Page ; ,--
(e) &.ery two to three /onths, all grasses shall 0e lifted fro/ the 0eds, split carefully
and replanted$ 3t is nor/al that, once split out, three ti/es the pre.ious 0ed area is
re1uired$ This is a standard practice to 0ul" up the supply of planting stoc" without
ha.ing to degrade the natural .egetation co.er in the region of the nursery$
(f) >easure/ent and pay/ent: The 0asis of /easure/ent shall 0e the actual area
of li.e grasses co.ered surfaces in s1$/$ @uantities /easured as a0o.e shall 0e
paid at the unit rates entered in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent shall 0e
considered the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for executing all the
wor"s as specified in these Specifications$
120+&2 N/r)er6 Pro*/ction of Tree) an* Shr/0) in Pol6pot)
(a) Trees and shru0s shall 0e seeded either in seed 0eds or directly in polythene
pots (JpolypotsJ)$ 9inely sie.ed fertile soil /ixed with clean sand to a texture of
sandy loa/ shall 0e placed in well shaded 0eds for seeding$ !atering of fresh
seedlings shall 0e 0y a fine spray, and not 0y the rose of a watering can$
(b) All pants shall 0e grown on in pots of di/ensions ,)) x ,A) // (E x * inches) or
greater when laid flat$ The pots shall 0e of 0lac", <)) gauge polythene$ They shall
ha.e ade1uate drainage holes at the 0otto/ and 0e filled with fertile forest topsoil
/ixed with clean sand to a texture of sandy loa/$
(c) Roots protruding fro/ the 0otto/ of pots shall 0e pruned with a raCor 0lade on
regular 0asis which shall not exceed wee"ly and /ay need to 0e /ore fre1uent$
Protruding roots shall ne.er 0e allowed to 0eco/e /ore than <= // in length$
(d) !hen polypot seedlings 0egin to co/pete with each other for light, they shall 0e
re+ spaced as re1uired$ This would typically /ean dou0ling the 0ed space occupied 0y
the plants$
(e) To 0e accepta0le for planting on site, trees and shru0s shall 0e healthy, .igorous and
showing no signs of da/age, wilt, irregular growth, fungal or pest attac", or nutrient
disorders$ They shall 0e at least -)) // in height a0o.e soil surface le.el and of
good for/$ The roots shall 0e in good condition and there should 0e no signs of
distur0ance to the soil in the polythene pot, e.en after transport to site$
(f) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The 0asis of /easure/ent shall 0e the actual
nu/0ers of plants counted, certified and accepted 0y the &ngineer$ @uantities
/easured as a0o.e shall 0e paid at the unit rates entered in the 4ill of @uantities$
Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for
executing all the wor"s as specified in these Specifications$
120+&' N/r)er6 Pro*/ction of 7ar*8oo* Plant) 06 #egetati4e ;etho*)
(a) Trees and shru0s which can 0e propagated 0y .egetati.e /ethods /ay 0e specified
0y the &ngineer$ The Contractor shall produce these 0y the appropriate /ethod, as
re1uired$
(b) All cuttings and stools shall 0e /ade as specified in Su0+clause <A)-(<) and planted
in fertile soil 0eds of the type specified in Su0+ clause <A)E (<)$
(c) Cuttings shall 0e planted -)) // apart in holes slightly larger than their dia/eter$
Page ; ,-E
They shall 0e placed at such a depth that only one 0ud re/ains a0o.e the soil surface
(ie a0out -) // of the cutting)$
(d) !hen plants co/pete with each other for light, they shall 0e cut 0ac" as necessary$
(e) To 0e accepta0le for planting on site, trees and shru0s produced in this way /ust 0e
healthy, .igorous and showing no signs of da/age, wilt, irregular growth, fungal or
pest attac", or nutrient disorders$ They shall 0e at least =)) // in height a0o.e soil
surface le.el and of good for/$
120+&( E<traction of Plant) fro9 the N/r)er6
(a) The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for extracting plants fro/ nursery 0eds and
preparing the/ ready for transport$ They shall 0e extracted fro/ the 0eds only on the
/orning that they are re1uired for planting on site$
(b) Plants shall 0e hardened off, starting at least two wee"s 0efore they are to 0e ta"en out
of the nursery$ This process shall re1uire a gradual reduction in the a/ount of
watering and shading$ The ai/ is to prepare the/ for transfer to a /uch /ore hostile
location$
(c) The night 0efore the plants are to 0e lifted, they shall 0e thoroughly watered$ This is
to /a"e the soil softer and ease the 0usiness of extracting the roots$
(d) Plants growing in soil 0eds shall 0e carefully lifted fro/ the soil$ There shall 0e
no pulling of ste/s or roots, 0ut they shall 0e dug out and extracted with no strain on
any part of the plant$
(e) Plants fro/ soil 0eds shall 0e wrapped in wet hessian jute$ 2ardwood plants shall ha.e
a 0all of soil around the roots$ 6rass clu/ps can ha.e /ost of the soil sha"en or
washed off$
(f) Polypot seedlings shall 0e lifted and stac"ed neatly in /etal or wooden trays$ They shall
always 0e lifted 0y the pot and ne.er 0y the ste/ or lea.es$
(g) All plants shall to 0e "ept /oist, in a cool, shady place, until they are loaded for
transport to site$ 3n the .ehicle, they shall not 0e stac"ed high$ 9or transport on
rough roads, they shall 0e pac"ed in carefully so that they do not fall o.er or roll
around$ The .ehicle shall 0e shaded$
(h) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The 0asis of /easure/ent shall 0e the actual
120+&+ "o9po)t an* ;/lch Pro*/ction
Page ; ,-=
(a) The Contractor shall produce co/post and /ulch for nursery or site operations$ 3t
shall 0e produced in a ti/ely /anner, in the 1uantities re1uired$Co/post is nor/ally
re1uired to sustain the long ter/ fertility of nursery 0eds$ >ulch /ay also 0e used in
the nursery, 0ut nor/ally produced to enhance site planting wor"s, particularly
the direct seeding of grass$
(b) Co/post and /ulch shall 0e /ade fro/ annual and perennial weeds of poor rooting
characteristics, such as 0an /ara (&upatoriu/ adenopheru/) and tite pate
(Arte/esia .ulgans)$ The greenery shall 0e collected when there is /ost /aterial
a.aila0le 0ut 0efore it for/s seeds$ This is /ost often in Shrawan and 4hadra$
(c) Collected /aterial shall 0e chopped finely and stored in a /ound, co/post 0ay
or pit$ The /axi/u/ siCe for chopped co/post is =) //8 the /axi/u/ siCe for
chopped /ulch is ,=) //$
(d) 4oth co/post and /ulch shall 0e "ept /oist 0ut not waterlogged and in an aerated
condition$ They shall 0e co/pletely turned once a /onth on a regular schedule$
Co/post can ha.e cow /anure /ixed in to assist the process of deco/position$
(e) #either co/post nor /ulch shall 0e applied until they are fully rotted$ 4y this ti/e
they shall 0e 0lac" and the parts of indi.idual plants shall 0e indistinguisha0le$ &arly
application shall not 0e allowed as this can lead to a nutrient loss in the soil if
/icro0es extract nitrogen to deco/pose the added organic /aterial$
1uantity of co/post and /ulch pro.ided, accepted and certified 0y the &ngineer in
cu$/$ or "g$ @uantities /easured as a0o.e shall 0e paid at the unit rates entered in
the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to
the Contractor for executing all the wor"s as specified in these Specifications$
120,& $INA2 S2OPE PREPARATION $OR BI0-ENINEERIN
(a) The Contractor shall prepare slopes for planting operations as re1uired 0y the engineer$
This shall 0e done according to the specifications descri0ed hereunder, as and when
re1uired$ The Contractor shall supply all necessary expertise, resources and facilities to
ensure that these re1uire/ents are /et$
(b) 3n the course of all slope preparation wor"s, it shall 0e essential that no da/age is
done to existing .egetation unless the &ngineerHs instruction specifically re1uires certain
plants to 0e re/o.ed$
(c) The ti/ing of 0io+engineering operations shall 0e of the ut/ost i/portance$ Acti.ities
such as planting and seed sowing shall 0e carried out within the critical few wee"s when
they will Kield the desired results$ All other operations shall 0e carried out in ti/ely
/anner to per/it this to happen$ The contractor shall 0e responsi0le to "eep wor"s
to the strict schedule re1uired and under no circu/stances to per/it delays$
120,&1 "/t Slope Preparation for ra)) Planting
(a) The o0jecti.e of final cut slope preparation shall 0e to produce a surface
ade1uately prepared for grass planting$ 6rass lines shall 0e used to pro.ide a strong
surface co.er$ 6rass lines shall 0e planted o.er a well prepared surface$ The slope
shall not 0e su0ject to any undue stress fro/ erosion and /ass /o.e/ent in its initial
stages$
(b) All the construction wor" shall 0e chec"ed prior to slope tri//ing$ The site shall 0e
Page ; ,-B
clear of people and e1uip/ent$
(c) Tri//ing shall 0e as follows:
new sites: tri//ing to straight plan section8 retaining wall to 0e filled 0ehind8
old sites: /inor tri//ing only re1uired on part of site8 "eeping rill or gully pattern in plan
section8
(d) The Contractor shall ensure that the slope under instruction is tri//ed to a straight
angle, according to the &ngineerHs instructions$ Cut slopes to 0e planted with grass
shall nor/ally 0e - .ertical: < horiContal, unless otherwise shown on the 'rawing or
instructed 0y the &ngineer$ 3n any e.ent, a straight profile shall 0e o0tained$
Conca.ities shall filled with well co/pacted /aterial or dry stone dentition as instructed
0y the &ngineer$ Con.exities shall 0e re/o.ed and it shall 0e ensured that the general
profile does not ha.e a shape gi.ing o.er+steep seg/ents
(e) All loose /aterial shall 0e re/o.ed fro/ the slope and tipped elsewhere in an
appro.ed location$
(f) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !or" shall 0e /easured in s1uare /eters on the 0asis of
actual area of tri//ed surface$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final
co/pensation to the contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control, tri//ing,
re/o.al of loose /aterials, all la0our, tools e1uip/ent, safety harness and incidentals
to co/plete the wor" as specified herein$
120,&2 $inal Preparation of $ill Slope) for Bio-Engineering)&
(a) The o0jecti.e of the final preparation of fill slopes shall 0e to produce a surface
ade1uately prepared for shru0 or tree planting or grass sowing, or a co/0ination of these$
Iegetation shall 0e used to pro.ide a strong surface co.er$ Iegetation shall 0e
planted o.er a well prepared surface$ The slope shall not 0e su0ject to any undue
stress fro/ erosion and /ass /o.e/ent in its initial stages$
(b) The Contractor shall ensure that the slope under instruction is tri//ed to a straight
angle, according to the 'rawing or instruction of the &ngineer$ 3n any e.ent, a
straight profile shall 0e o0tained$ All /asses of loose de0ris, especially where it has
pre.iously 0een tipped at the head of the slope, shall 0e re/o.ed$ Conca.ities shall 0e
filled with well co/pacted /aterial or dry stone dentition as shown on the 'rawing or
instructed 0y the &ngineer$ Con.exities shall also 0e re/o.ed and it shall 0e ensured
that the general profile does not ha.e a shape gi.ing o.er+steep seg/ents$
(c) All loose /aterial shall 0e re/o.ed fro/ the slope and tipped elsewhere in an appro.ed
location$
(d) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The wor" shall 0e /easured in s1uare /eters on the
0asis of actual area of tri//ed surface as shown on the 'rawing or instructed and
appro.ed 0y the &ngineer$ The 1uantities /easured shall 0e paid at the unit rates shown
in the 4ill of @uantities$ Such pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the
Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control, tri//ing, re/o.al of loose
/aterials, all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent, safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor"
as specified herein$
120-& SITE P2ANTIN AN% SOWIN
(a) The Contractor shall plant or sow grasses, shru0s and trees as shown on the 'rawing
or re1uired 0y the &ngineer$ This shall 0e done according to the specifications
descri0ed hereunder, as and when re1uired$ The Contractor shall supply all
Page ; ,-*
necessary expertise, resources and facilities to ensure that these re1uire/ents are
/et$
(b) 'ue to the nature of 0io+engineering wor"s, they /ay also 0e underta"en 0y s/all local
contractors with a range of agricultural s"ills, if so pro.ided in the Contract$ 3f
pro.ided in the Contract, any 0io+engineering site acti.ity /ay also 0e /anaged 0y
direct e/ployees of the 'i.ision Road ffice$
(c) 3t shall 0e the ContractorHs responsi0ility to ensure that all planting stoc", whether
pro.ided fro/ a nursery under a separate contract or through a separate
instruction, is of high 1uality and is .igorous enough to grow on the site to 0e planted$
(d) All seeds and other planting stoc" shall 0e of species indigenous to #epal unless
otherwise specified$ All species shall 0e co.ered in the current appro.ed lists of
species produced fro/ ti/e to ti/e 0y the 6eo+ &n.iron/ental 7nit of the
'epart/ent of Roads$ They shall 0e appropriate for the precise site conditions in
which they are to 0e planted and the Contractor shall ensure that they apply to
the specific altitude and other en.iron/ental characteristics of the site in 1uestion$
(e) Acti.ities such as planting and seed sowing shall 0e carried out within the critical few
wee"s when they will yield the desired results$ All other operations shall 0e carried out
in a ti/ely /anner to per/it this to happen$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le to
"eep wor"s to the strict schedule re1uired and under no circu/stances to per/it
delays$
120-&1 So8ing of ra))e) on Site
(a) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to carry out the sowing of grass seeds according to the
&ngineerHs specific instructions$
(b) 3f the site for sowing is to 0e prepared under a separate contract, then it shall 0e
assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for seed sowing$ #e.ertheless,
it shall 0e the responsi0ility of the Contractor to ensure that the condition of the site is
good enough for the successful esta0lish/ent of grasses$
(c) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ The
sowing of grass seeds is a delicate 0usiness and shall 0e approached in the sa/e
way as for agricultural crops$ The Contractor shall e/ploy experienced agricultural
la0ourers for this wor"$
(d) 3f seeds ha.e to 0e pro.ided under a separate contract, then they shall 0e properly
stored$ 2owe.er, it shall 0e the ContractorHs responsi0ility to chec" that it has 0een
carefully stored and re/ains fully .ia0le$
(e) 3//ediately 0efore sowing, the ground surface shall 0e lightly scarified using a
ra"e to ease early root penetration$ Seeds shall then 0e laid thinly o.er the surface$
7nder no circu/stances shall they 0e 0roadcast, 0ecause the lightness of perennial
grass seeds and the steepness of the slopes to 0e treated gi.e a poor co.er using
such a techni1ue$ The Contractor shall 0e responsi0le for ensuring that the correct
1uantities of seeds are used, while gi.ing a good, e.en co.er$
(f) A co.er of <= gra//es of grass seed per s1uare /etre of surface shall 0e achie.ed
unless otherwise specified$
(g) After sowing, a /ulch of prepared and dried cut her0s shall 0e laid o.er the whole
seeded area in a thin layer$ 3f the /ulch is too thic" it will pre.ent light fro/ getting to
the seed and will inhi0it ger/ination$ 2er0s suita0le for this and locally a.aila0le in
Page ; ,-A
large 1uantities are:
Tite pate (Arte/isia .ulgans)8
Tapre (Cassia species)8
4an /ara (&upatoriu/ adenophoru/)$
2owe.er, freshly cut her0s shall not 0e used 0ecause of the danger of
resprouting and weeding$
(h) 3f specified, the /ulch should 0e secured with jute netting of /esh siCe -))x =)) //
and the netting fixed in place using suita0le li.e pegs or hardwood cuttings (eg Si/ali,
Iitex negundo) at one /etre centres$
(i) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !or" shall 0e /easured in s1uare /eters on the 0asis
of actual area of grass seeded and co.ered surface$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full
and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic
control, pro.iding seeds, collection and application of /ulch, all la0our, tools,
e1uip/ent, safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as specified herein$ 3f
the seeds and /ulch are supplied through a separate contract, costs for the supply of
the sa/e shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the Contractor is responsi0le for
the supply and storage of seeds and /ulch no separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for
these ite/s$
120-&2 %irect See* So8ing of Shr/0) an* Tree) on Site
(a) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to carry out the sowing of shru0 and tree seeds
according to the &ngineerHs specific instructions$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for seed sowing, if this
ite/ has to 0e executed under a separate contract$ #e.ertheless, it shall 0e the
responsi0ility of the Contractor to ensure that the condition of the site is good enough
for the successful esta0lish/ent of shru0s and trees$
(c) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ As the
sowing of any seeds is a delicate 0usiness and, therefore, shall 0e approached in the
sa/e way as for agricultural crops$ The Contractor shall e/ploy experienced
agricultural la0ourers for this wor"$
(d) Seed shall ha.e 0een collected and stored well 0efore the ti/e of sowing, if they
ha.e to 0e supplied under a separate contract$ 2owe.er, it shall 0e the Contractor5s
responsi0ility to chec" that it has 0een carefully stored and re/ains fully .ia0le$
(e) Sowing shall start at the top of the slope and the la0ourers shall wor" downwards$
Care shall 0e ta"en not to distur0 areas already seeded$
(f) To sow the seeds, a s/all hole shall 0e /ade in the slope$ The tool used to do this
shall depend on the siCe of the seed$ 9or so/e seeds, a piece of ga0ion wire will 0e
ade1uate8 for others, a piece of /ild steel with a flattened end is re1uired$ The hole
shall 0e in the 0est soil a.aila0le 0ut if there is little real soil, then a cre.ice
0etween two stones is accepta0le$ Two seeds should 0e placed in each hole and a
co.ering of soil or whate.er fines are a.aila0le shall 0e placed o.er the/$ This
co.ering shall ne.er exceed ,) // and shall prefera0ly 0e a0out = //8 it shall ne.er
0e less than and this$ Seeds shall 0e placed at <)) to <=) // centres, as ground
conditions dictate$
(g) 3n so/e cases the seed can 0e 0roadcast starting at the top of the site and wor"ing
down slope as e.enly as possi0le so that the whole site is lightly co.ered$ This shall 0e
used where the site is still acti.e and only warrants /ini/u/ expenditure, or where
the site is naturally rough, pro.iding plenty of niches in which the seed can catch$
@uantities of seed shall depend on the type of seed in.ol.ed 0ut are generally half
Page ; ,-G
that of the 1uantities used in the nursery unless otherwise instructed 0y the
&ngineer$ !ith utis (Alnus nepalensis) seed it shall 0e at a rate of , gra//e of seed
per s1uare /etre$
(h) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !or" shall 0e /easured in s1uare /eters on the 0asis of
actual area of grass seeded and co.ered surface$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full and
the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control,
pro.iding seeds, collection and application of /ulch, all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent,
safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as specified herein$ 3f the seeds
and /ulch are supplied through a separate contract, costs for the supply of the sa/e
shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the Contractor is responsi0le for the supply
and storage of seeds and /ulch no separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for these ite/s$
120-&' Site Planting of ra)) Slip) an* "/tting)
(a) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to carry out the planting of grass seedlings or
rooted the cuttings, according to the &ngineerHs specific instructions$
The configuration of planting shall 0e deter/ined according to
indi.idual site conditions$ 3t shall 0e either rando/, contoured or downslope, as
instructed 0y the &ngineer$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site shall already ha.e 0een prepared for planting, if this is to 0e
prepared under a separate contract$ #e.ertheless, it shall 0e the responsi0ility of the
Contractor to ensure that the condition of the site is good enough for the successful
esta0lish/ent of grasses, and accords with the specifications gi.en in Clause <A)B$
(c) 7sing appropriate tools (such as tape /easures and spirit le.els), planting lines shall
0e /ar"ed out with string as re1uired$ 7nless specified differently, the row spacing
to 0e /ar"ed out shall 0e as shown in Ta0le <A$=$
(d) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ Since the
planting of grass slips is a delicate 0usiness and therefore shall 0e approached in
the sa/e way as the transplanting of /illet seedlings$ The Con t r a c t o r s ha l l
e /p l o y this experienced agricultural la0ourers for this wor"$
Ta0le 120-&15 Ro8 Spacing %etail)
Pl a nt i n g
Conf i g u r a t i o n
Sl ope St e e p n e s s Row Spaci n g
Rando/ lines slope less than -) degrees
slope -) to E= degrees
slope /ore than E= degrees
,))) // centres
=)) // centres
<=) // centres
Contour lines slope less than -) degrees
slope -) to E= degrees
slope /ore than E= degrees
,))) // centres
=)) // centres
<=) // centres
'iagonal lines all slopes =)) // centres
'own slope lines all slopes =)) // centres
(e) The plants supplied to the Contractor fro/ nursery (if so pro.ided in the Contract)
shall 0e prepared for planting 0y the Contractor as gi.en 0elow$ The Contractor shall
transport the/ fro/ the nursery wrapped in hessian jute$ At all ti/es, plants shall 0e
"ept /oist and as cool as possi0le, and should 0e wrapped in wet hessian 0etween all
operations such as extraction fro/ the 0ed, pruning and planting$ 7nder any
circu/stances, all plants supplied shall 0e planted within two days of that they are
lifted fro/ the nursery$
(f) 6rass slips or cutting shall 0e carefully separated fro/ the clu/ps to gi.e the
/axi/u/ .ia0le planting /aterial$ Preparation of slips, cuttings or rhiCo/es shall 0e
strictly followed as /entioned in Su0+ clause <A)- (,)$
Page ; ,E)
(g) Planting shall 0e started at the top of the slope and under no circu/stances shall
new plants 0e wal"ed on or otherwise distur0ed$ 7sing a s/all 0ar (usually /ade of
/ild steel and with a flattened end), a hole shall 0e /ade that is just 0ig enough for the
roots$ The slip or cutting is inserted8 care shall 0e ta"en that the roots are not tangled
or 0ent 0ac" to the surface$ Soil shall then 0e replaced around the roots and fir/ed
with the fingers$ The spacing of plants within rows shall 0e ,)) // unless otherwise
specified$ Two grass slips shall 0e planted in each drill$
(h) 3f the soil is dry and there is no rain within ,B to <E hours of planting, the site shall 0e
watered carefully with a fine spray$ The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to water for the
first two wee"s after planting in the e.ent of inade1uate rainfall$
(i) 3f it pro.ided in the Contract that the plants are to 0e collected fro/ locations other
than nurseries then ut/ost care shall 0e ta"en to /ini/ise disruption to neigh0ouring
land, in the e.ent that species are collected fro/ areas surrounding the road$ 3t shall
0e the ContractorHs responsi0ility to collect the stoc" re1uired fro/ a wide area and not
to gi.e rise to any soil erosion through the excessi.e re/o.al of plants in one locality$
(j) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The /easure/ent shall 0e the actual area of grass
planted and co.ered surface in s1uare /eters for the rando/ planting and any other
patterns of planting up to the -)) // 0etween the lines$ The contour line planting in
=))+,))) // in any slopes shall 0e /easured in linear /eter$ The pay/ent shall
0e the full and final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic
control, pro.iding grass slips or rhiCo/e, collection of /ulch, all la0our, tools,
e1uip/ent, safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as per these
Specifications$ 3f the grass slips and /ulch are supplied through a separate contract,
costs for the supply of the sa/e shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the
Contractor is responsi0le for the supply slips and /ulch, no separate pay/ent shall 0e
/ade for these ite/s$
120-&( Site Planting of Shr/0) an* Tree) rai)e* in Pol6thene Pot)
(a) The planting of trees and shru0s is intended to replace or restore so/ething of the
natural .egetation on the slope to 0e treated$ The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to
carry out the planting of seedlings to the &ngineerHs specific instructions$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for planting if it has to 0e
esta0lish/ent of delicate young plants$
(c) The spacing of plants shall 0e deter/ined according to indi.idual site conditions$
2owe.er, it shall nor/ally 0e at ,$= /eters inter.al unless otherwise specified or
instructed 0y the &ngineer$
(d) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ As the
planting of trees and shru0s is a delicate 0usiness and should 0e approached in the
sa/e way as the planting of horticultural seedlings$ The Contractor shall e/ploy
experienced agricultural or forestry la0ourers for this wor"$
(e) 3f the plants are to 0e supplied to the Contractor fro/ a nursery under a separate
contract, they will 0e ready for planting$ They shall 0e at least -)) // in height
a0o.e the soil surface and hardened off in the nor/al way$ The Contractor shall
collect the plants fro/ the nursery and transport the/ to site with all due care$ The
plants will nor/ally 0e supplied in polythene pots, which shall not 0e re/o.ed until
the /o/ent of planting$ Plants shall 0e lifted 0y the pots, ne.er 0y the ste/ or
lea.es$ At all ti/es they are to 0e "ept as cool as possi0le$ The Contractor shall 0e
responsi0le for ensuring that the soil around the roots does not dry out$ 7nder any
circu/stances, all plants supplied /ust 0e planted within three days of re/o.al fro/
Page ; ,E,
the nursery$
3f it is pro.ided in the Contract that the Contractor is responsi0le for the supply of
land, plants, he shall /aintain the sa/e wor"/anship and standard as specified
herein$
(f) Planting shall 0e started at the top of the slope and under no circu/stances shall
new plants 0e wal"ed on or otherwise distur0ed$
(g) A planting pit wide and deep enough for the /ain root to 0e 0uried in without 0ending it
and wide enough for all the roots and surrounding soil 0all shall 0e /ade at the
ti/e of planting$ So/e co/post if a.aila0le shall 0e /ixed with the soil fro/ the slit
prior to 0ac"filling around the roots$ The polythene pot /ust 0e re/o.ed fro/ the
seedling 0y cutting it away with a raCor 0lade$ The plant should then 0e carefully
placed into the hole, the co/post and soil pac"ed in, and all surrounding soil fir/ed
up, ta"ing care not to cause any da/age to the plant or its roots$ The surface o.er and
around the pit shall then 0e /ulched using any appropriate, locally a.aila0le /aterial,
such as /anure, co/post, dead lea.es or cut her0age$ The use of freshly cut 0an
/ara (&upatoriu/ adenophoru/) shall 0e a.oided, since it can resprout fro/ the
0uds after 0eing cut$
(h) The &ngineer /ay specify 0igger seedlings for specific areas, such as those to 0e
used intensi.ely for a/enity purposes$ These will nor/ally ha.e 0een growing in a
nursery for at least a year and should ha.e well de.eloped roots as well as aerial parts$
They will 0e pro.ided either as 0are root stoc" with a su0stantial root 0all, or in pots of a
/ini/u/ of ,)) x ,A) // laid flat di/ensions$ !hen these larger seedlings are
planted, the pits shall 0e of -)) // dia/eter and -)) // depth$ 3n addition, well+
rotted co/post shall 0e /ixed with the soil 0ac"fill in a ratio of at least one part
co/post to ten parts soil$
(i) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The /easure/ent shall 0e /ade in nu/0er of seedlings
planted, counted and accepted 0y the &ngineer at site$ The 1uantities /easured shall 0e
paid at the unit rates shown in the 4ill of @uantities$ This pay/ent shall 0e the full and
the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control,
pro.iding seedlings, collection and application of /ulch, all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent,
safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as per these Specifications$ 3f the
seedlings and /ulch are supplied through a separate contract, costs for the supply of the
sa/e shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the Contractor is responsi0le for the
supply seedlings and /ulch, no separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for these ite/s$
120-&+ Site Planting of 7ar*8oo* "/tting
(a) Certain trees and shru0s can 0e planted on site 0y /eans of hard wood cuttings$
!here these are specified, the Contractor shall 0e re1uired to carry out the planting
of cuttings as re1uired in the &ngineerHs instructions$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for planting, if it is to 0e
Contractor to ensure that the condition of the site is good enough for the
successful esta0lish/ent of delicate young plants$
(c) The spacing of hardwood cutting shall 0e deter/ined according to indi.idual site
conditions$ 2owe.er, it will nor/ally 0e at =)) // centres unless otherwise
specified$
(d) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ The
planting of tree and shru0 cuttings is a delicate 0usiness and shall 0e approached
in the sa/e way as the planting of horticultural cuttings (e$g$ those of tea)$
The Contractor shall e/ploy experienced agricultural or forestry la0ourers for this wor"$
(e) The cuttings supplied to the Contractor will nor/ally 0e fro/ a nursery as arranged
Page ; ,E<
0y separate instructions, and will 0e ready for planting$ 3f these cuttings are to 0e
pro.ided 0y the Contractor hi/self, he shall /a"e such arrange/ents so as to /a"e
the cuttings ready for planting$ The siCe of the cuttings shall 0e prepared as
specified in Su0+clause <A)- (<) unless otherwise instructed 0y the &ngineer$ The
Contractor shall collect the cuttings fro/ the nursery (if pro.ided in the Contract)
and transport the/ fro/ the nursery wrapped in hessian jute$ At all ti/es, cuttings
shall 0e "ept /oist and as cool as possi0le, and shall 0e wrapped in wet hessian
0etween all operations such as cutting fro/ the parent plant, tri//ing and planting$
7nder any circu/stances, all plants supplied shall 0e planted the sa/e day that
they are lifted fro/ the nursery$
(f) Planting shall 0e started at the top of the slope and under no circu/stances shall
new plants 0e wal"ed on or otherwise distur0ed$ 7sing a s/all 0ar (usually /ade of
/ild steel and with a pointed end), a hole shall 0e /ade that is just 0ig enough for the
cutting$ The cutting shall 0e inserted and the soil shall 0e replaced around it and
fir/ed with the fingers$ The cutting shall 0e inserted to depth such that two+ thirds to
three+1uarters of it is 0uried$
(g) 3f the soil is dry and there is no rain within ,B to <E hours of planting, the site shall 0e
watered carefully with a fine spray$ The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to water for the
first two wee"s after planting in the e.ent of inade1uate rainfall$
(h) 3f it is pro.ided in the Contract that the cuttings to 0e used are to 0e fro/ elsewhere
other than nurseries then the Contractor shall o0tain the/ in the /anner descri0ed in
Su0+clause <A)- (<)$
(i) The &ngineer /ay specify 0igger cuttings for specific areas, using large truncheon
cuttings$ 3n this category fall chuletro (4rassaiopsis hainla), da0da0e (6aruga
pinnata), "a.ro (9icus lacory, phaledo (&rythrina species), ghur0is (Deucosceptru/
canu/) and 6liricidia sepiu/$ Cuttings of these species should planted at ,))) //
centres 0urring upto =)) //$ A large crow0ar shall 0e used to /a"e the planting
hole, 0ut otherwise the techni1ue shall 0e as descri0ed a0o.e for s/aller cuttings$
7nder no circu/stances shall these cuttings 0e ha//ered into the ground$
(j) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The /easure/ent shall 0e /ade on the 0asis of per
nu/0er of cuttings planted, counted and accepted on site 0y the &ngineer$ The
1uantities /easured shall 0e paid at the unit rates shown in the 4ill of @uantities$
This pay/ent shall 0e the full and final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing
arrange/ents for traffic control, pro.iding and deli.ering seedlings, all la0our,
tools, e1uip/ent, safety harness and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as per these
Specifications$ 3f the seedlings are supplied through a separate contract, costs for the
supply of the sa/e shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the Contractor is
responsi0le for the supply seedlings, no separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for this ite/$
120-&, Br/)h 2a6ering= Pali)a*e) an* $a)cine)
(a) 7nder certain conditions, the Contractor shall 0e re1uired to construct .egetation
structures using hardwood cuttings$ !here these are specified, the Contractor shall 0e
re1uired to carry out the necessary preparation and planting wor"s as re1uired in the
&ngineerHs instructions$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for planting, if it has to 0e
esta0lish/ent of delicate young plants$
(c) The cuttings supplied to the Contractor /ay 0e fro/ a nursery as arranged under
a separate contract, and will 0e ready for planting$ 3f the cuttings ha.e to 0e arranged
0y the Contractor, he shall ensure that they are ready for planting$ The cuttings shall 0e
prepared as specified in Su0+clause , <)-$< or as instructed 0y the &ngineer$ The
Page ; ,E-
Contractor shall collect the cuttings fro/ the nursery and transport the/ fro/ the
nursery wrapped in hessian jute$ At all ti/es, cuttings shall 0e "ept /oist and as cool
as possi0le, and shall 0e wrapped in wet hessian or in the thic" 0lan"et of /ulch
/aterial (i$e$ as tite pati and 0an /ara) 0etween all operations such as cutting fro/
the parent plant, tri//ing and planting$ 7nder any circu/stances, all plants supplied
shall 0e planted the sa/e day that they are lifted fro/ the nursery$
(d) 3f the instruction to the Contractor includes the pro.ision of cuttings, then the &ngineer
shall specify the species and expected sources, and the Contractor /ust then o0tain
the cuttings re1uired$ This shall 0e done in the /anner descri0ed in Su0+clause
,<)-$< except that the siCe of cuttings will 0e of a /ini/u/ length of E=)+B)) // for
0rush layering, B)) // for palisades and ,))) // for fascines, and /ini/u/
dia/eters of <)+-) // for 0rush layering and palisades and E)+=) // for fascines$
(e) Cuttings of the following species, if specified for the truncheon cuttings planting, shall
0e a /ini/u/ of <=))+-))) // in length: chuletro (4rassaiopsis hainla), da0da0e
(6aruga pinnata), "a.ro (9icus lacory, phaledo (&rythrina species), ghur0is
(Deucosceptru/ canu/) and 6liricidia sepiu/$
(f) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to super.ise all field operations .ery closely$ The
planting of tree and shru0 cuttings is a delicate 0usiness and shall 0e approached in
the sa/e way as the planting of horticultural cuttings (e$g$ those of tea)$ The
Contractor shall e/ploy experienced agricultural or forestry la0ourers for this wor"$
(g) Planting shall always 0e started at the top of the slope and under no circu/stances
shall new plants 0e wal"ed on or otherwise distur0ed$
(h) 4rush layering on road e/0an"/ent slopes shall 0e planted as gi.en 0elow, unless
specified differently$
(i) Starting at the top of the area to 0e treated, and using appropriate
/easuring e1uip/ent, exact lines should 0e /ar"ed out$ 9ro/ ,$=
/eters 0elow the road edge, a precise contour line should 0e /ar"ed out
on e.ery , /eter down the slope$
(ii) After the line /ar"ing is co/pleted, starting at the 0otto/ of slope, a
0ac" sloped terrace (,: ,)) of approxi/ately -)) // in width x ,)) //
inner depth and -))+E)) // outer depth should 0e exca.ated along the
lines$ The terrace /ust not 0e allowed to open /ore than = /etres length
at ti/e 0efore planting wor" is co/pleted$
(iii) Topsoil or agricultural soil of /axi/u/ depth of ,)) // fro/ the R!
should 0e collected and laid on the terrace$ The /ini/u/ thic"ness
shall 0e =) // unless otherwise instructed 0y the &ngineer$
(iv) Cuttings should then 0e placed into the terrace at ,)) // centres,
the correct way up and angled so that they are at rightangles to the
/axi/u/ slope angle$ All cuttings should 0e inserted to a depth such
that two+thirds of their length is 0uried$
(v) The terrace should then 0e partially 0ac"filled with another =) // thic"
layer of topsoil and another line of cuttings placed (pushing into the soil)
along the terrace at ,)) // centres, and with the indi.idual cuttings
offset to coincide with the gaps 0etween the cuttings in the first line$ This
results in cuttings at =) // final gap on each 0rush layer (i$e$ <, cuttings
per linear /etre)$
(vi) !hen a practical wor"ing length is co/pleted, for/ation of second
terrace is then started$ As the exca.ation is undergoing, the partially
0ac"filled 0rush layering terrace 0elow should 0e fully 0ac"filled using
the /aterial co/es out of the second terrace and gently co/pacted$
Any loose or excess /aterial is cleared down the slope /a"ing the
co/plete daylight upon the co/pletion of whole slope$
(i) 4rush layering on the landslide de0ris shall 0e planted as gi.en 0elow, unless specified
differently$
Page ; ,EE
(i) Starting at the 0otto/ of the area to 0e treated, and using appropriate
/easuring e1uip/ent, exact lines shall 0e /ar"ed following a precise
contour line at , /etre inter.al$
(ii) After the line /ar"ing is co/pleted, starting at the 0otto/ of slope, a
0ac" sloped terrace (,: , )) of approxi/ately E=) // in width x ,)) //
inner depth and -))+E)) // outer depth shall 0e exca.ated along the
lines$ The terrace shall not 0e allowed to open /ore than = /etres length
at ti/e 0efore planting wor" is co/pleted$
(iii) Cuttings shall then 0e placed into the terrace at ,)) // centres, the
correct way up and angled so that they are at rightangles to the /axi/u/
slope angle$ All cuttings shall 0e inserted to a depth such that two+thirds
of their length is 0uried$
(iv) The terrace shall then 0e partially 0ac"filled with =) // layer of soil and
another line of cuttings placed (pushing into the soil) along the
terrace at ,)) // centres, and with the indi.idual cuttings offset to
coincide with the gaps 0etween the cuttings in the first line$ This results in
cuttings at =) // final gaps on each 0rush layer (i$e$ <, cuttings per linear
/etre)$
(v) !hen a practical wor"ing length is co/pleted, for/ation of second
terrace t shall then 0e started$ As the exca.ation is undergoing, the
partially 0ac"filled 0rush layering terrace 0elow shall 0e fully 0ac"filled
using that /aterial co/ing out of the second terrace and gently
co/pacted$ Any loose or excess /aterial shall 0e cleared down the
slope /a"ing the co/plete daylight upon the co/pletion of whole slope$
(vi) 4rushlayering is often done in diagonal or che.ron pattern$ 3f it is
instructed so, the procedure gi.en a0o.e shall 0e followed accept setting
out lines, which shall 0e changed accordingly$
(j) Palisades shall 0e constructed as gi.en 0elow, unless specified differently$
/easuring e1uip/ent, exact lines shall 0e /ar"ed out$ 9ro/ , /etre
0elow the top of the slope, a precise contour line shall 0e /ar"ed out e.ery
, /etre down the slope$
(ii) Starting at one end and using a s/all 0ar (usually /ade of /ild steel and
with a pointed end), a hole shall 0e /ade that is just 0ig enough for the
first cutting$ The cutting shall 0e inserted and the soil shall 0e replaced
around it and fir/ed with the fingers$ The cutting shall 0e the correct
way up and angled so that it is .ertical$ The cutting shall 0e inserted to a
depth such that two+thirds of it is 0uried$
(iii) This process shall 0e repeated along the entire line, with a series of
cuttings placed at =) // centres,
(iv) 3f a dou0le line is specified, then a second line of cuttings shall 0e placed
in the sa/e way, ,)) // 0ehind the first and with the indi.idual cuttings
offset to coincide with the gaps 0etween the cuttings in the first line$
(v) The soil around the single or dou0le line shall then 0e co/pletely
0ac"filled into any re/aining gaps and gently co/pacted$ Any loose or
excess /aterial shall 0e cleared down the slope 0efore the next line is
planted$
(k) 9ascines shall 0e 0undles of hardwood cuttings laid horiContally in trenches, and
parallel to the line of the trench$ The 0undles shall 0e there0y co/pletely 0uried$
9ascines shall 0e constructed as gi.en 0elow, unless specified differently$
/easuring e1uip/ent, exact lines shall 0e /ar"ed out$ 9ro/ , /etre
0elow the top of the slope, a precise contour line shall 0e /ar"ed out e.ery
, /etre down the slope$
(ii) Starting at the 0otto/ as the /ar"ing is co/pleted, trenches
approxi/ately <)) // x <)) // in depth shall 0e exca.ated along the
Page ; ,E=
lines$
(iii) B)) // long cuttings of sa/e /aterial that is going to /a"e fascine
shall 0e planted on the lower side of trench in .ertical position as a peg at
,))) // inter.al$
(iv) Cuttings shall then 0e laid along each trench, so that they lie
horiContally along the trench$ There shall 0e a /ini/u/ of six cuttings
together$ They shall 0e o.erlapped so that no two ends coincide$ All the
s/all 0ranches growing fro/ the /ain 0ranch shall 0e protruding on
slope$ 7nder no circu/stances, the 0ranches and 0uds shall 0e
da/aged$ The cuttings shall then 0e tied using jute or coir (coconut fi0re)
string at =)) // inter.als to for/ a 0undle$ As the fascine is created, it
there0y for/s a continuous 0undle right across the slope$
(v) The trench shall then 0e 0ac"filled and gently co/pacted$ The top of the
fascine shall 0e =) to ,)) // 0elow the surface$ Any loose or excess
/aterial shall 0e cleared down the slope 0efore the next line is planted$
(vi) The &ngineer /ay specify that orientations other than along the contour of
the slope are used$ 3n this e.ent, the Contractor shall alter the laying
out of lines accordingly and /eet the precise angle re1uired$
(vii) 3f the soil is dry and there is no rain within ,B to <E hours of planting,
the site shall 0e watered carefully with a fine spray$ The Contractor shall
0e re1uired to water for the first two wee"s after planting in the e.ent of
inade1uate rainfall$
(l) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: 4rush layering, Palisades and 9ascines shall 0e
/easured separately as per the accepted final product in linear /etre$ The pay/ent
shall 0e the full and final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents
for traffic control, collecting and transporting of cuttings to the site, all la0our, tools,
e1uip/ent, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as per these
Specifications$ 3f the cuttings are supplied through a separate contract, costs for the
supply of the sa/e shall not 0e included herein$ 2owe.er, if the Contractor is
responsi0le for the supply cuttings, no separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for this ite/$
120-&- 3)e of $ertili)er
(a) 7nder certain circu/stances, the use of che/ical fertilisers /ay 0e specified in
place of far/yard /anure or /ulching$
(b) De.els of fertiliser application shall .ary according to soil type and nutritional
content$ 2owe.er, if nutritional data are not a.aila0le, the following figures shall 0e
used as a rough guide:
#itrogen (#) : ,) g%/<8 Phosphorus (P) $ = g%/<8 Potassiu/ (?) $ E g%/<$
Ta0le <A$B 0elow lists the che/ical co/position and percentage of the /ajor plant
nutrient ele/ents in the che/ical fertilisers co//only a.aila0le in #epal$
Ta0le 2.&, 5 "he9ical "o9po)ition of ;a>or Plant N/trient Ele9ent)
Comme r c i a l Na me Che mi c a l For mu l a Per c e n t a g e

N P
Sulphate of A//onia (#2E)<SE <, ) )
7rea C(#2E)< EB ) )
Triple Superphosphate Ca2PE ) <, )
>uriate of Potash ?Cl ) ) EG
Co/plexol 7n"nown <) G )
'ia//oniu/ Phosphate (#2E)<2PE ,A <) )
Page ; ,EB
120.& ?3TE NETTIN WOR!S
(a) The Contractor shall pro.ide and install jute netting as shown on the 'rawing or as
re1uired 0y the &ngineer$ This shall 0e done according to the specifications
descri0ed hereunder, as and when re1uired$ The Contractor shall supply all
necessary expertise, resources and facilities to ensure that these re1uire/ents are
/et$
(b) The &ngineer /ay instruct that jute jetting applications 0e used in conjunction
with other or the techni1ues, particularly the sowing or planting of grasses$ 3n this
e.ent, the netting shall 0e applied 0efore the plants are introduced$ !hen
planting, the la0ourers shall ta"e care only to hold or stand on the pegs and
not to distur0 the netting except when carefully placing grass seed underneath
on the soil surface$
120.&1 S/ppl6 of ?/te Netting
(a) The Contractor shall /anufacture or o0tain a supply of jute netting to the
&ngineerHs specification$
(b) The detailed specifications for standard jute netting shall 0e as follows$ JStandardJ
jute netting is used for placing on 0are slopes and is nor/ally planted with
grasses$ (#ote: warp ends are the length+ways threads and weft strands are the
cross+ways threads)
(i) >aterial: 2igh 1uality, ,)): natural jute fi0re fro/ the latest har.est,
properly treated and dried$
(ii) Karn: 2andspun = to A //$
(iii) Strip siCe: /ini/u/ ,$) x ,)$) /etres8 /axi/u/ ,$, x
,,$= /etres$
(iv) !arp ends: <* ends per ,))) //$
(v) !eft strands: <) to <E strands per ,))) //$
(vi) >esh siCe: E) // s1uare /esh holes$
(vii) !eight: ,$, to ,$< "g per s1uare /etre$
(c) The detailed specifications for wide /esh jute netting shall 0e as follows$ J!ide
/eshJ jute netting is used for holding /uch on to slopes which ha.e 0een
sown with grass seed, (#ote: warp ends are the length+ways threads and weft
strands are the cross+ways threads)
(i) >aterial: 2igh 1uality, ,)): natural jute fi0re fro/ the latest har.est,
properly treated and dried$
(ii) Karn: 2andspun - to = //$
(iii) Strip siCe: /ini/u/ ,$) x =$) /etres8
/axi/u/ ,$, x ,,$= /etres$
Page ; ,E*
(iv) !arp ends: * ends per ,))) //$
(v) !eft strands: - strands per ,))) //$
(vi) >esh siCe: ,=) x E=) // rectangular /esh$
(vii) !eight: )$< "g per s1uare /etre$
(d) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: #o separate /easure/ent and pay/ent shall 0e
/ade for the supply of jute netting$ All costs incurred for the supply of jute
netting shall 0e included in the ite/ rate for the place/ent of jute netting$
120.&2 Place9ent of S9all ;e)h Si@e ?/te NettingAStan*ar* ?/te Netting
(a) The &ngineer shall nor/ally instruct the place/ent of standard jute netting on slopes
in excess of E=F$ 3t is therefore .ery essential to place the netting in an effecti.e /anner
which fulfils the &ngineerHs purpose$
(b) 3t is assu/ed that the site will already ha.e 0een prepared for the application of
jute netting, if it is to 0e prepared under a separate contract$ #e.ertheless, it shall
0e the responsi0ility of the Contractor to ensure that the condition of the site is good
enough for the opti/u/ effect to 0e attained$ 3n any e.ent, a s/ooth profile /ust 0e
o0tained$ All loose de0ris shall 0e re/o.ed$ Conca.ities shall 0e filled with well
co/pacted /aterial or dry stone dentition as shown on the 'rawing or as instructed
0y the &ngineer$ Con.exities shall also 0e re/o.ed and it is essential that the
general profile does not ha.e a shape gi.ing o.er+steep seg/ents$
(c) Starting at one end of top of the site to 0e treated, a roll of netting shall 0e pegged -))
// a0o.e the slope to 0e co.ered$
(d) The netting shall 0e rolled slowly down the slope$ 2ardwood cuttings, ideally of si/ali
(Iitex negundo) or pegs (usually /ade fro/ split 0a/0oo cul/s) shall 0e
ha//ered through the netting at ,))) // centres at ,)) // inside of each edges$
They shall protrude a0out A) // on the slope$ Da0ourers shall stand on these cuttings
or pegs and not hang on to the netting$ As the full length of the jute netting is
unrolled down the slope, a second round of the pegs shall 0e added in 0etween$ This
will /a"e total allowa0le spacing of not /ore than =)) // inter.al$ Another strip shall
then 0e started to unroll fro/ the top$ This shall o.erlap 0y ,)) // and under no
circu/stances the pegging is done through the 0oth layer of jute net instead it shall
0e pegged separately$ &ach strip of jute netting shall 0e pegged down on the slope
indi.idually$
(e) The tension of the netting shall now 0e reduced so that it hugs the slope surface
precisely$ This is done 0y pulling up a0out <)) // at the 0otto/ of the netting and
hoo"ing it on to the pegs a little higher up$ This process shall 0e repeated up and
across the slope until the netting rests snugly against the surface and is nowhere tight
or pulled away fro/ the surface in /inor conca.ities$ Additional pegs shall 0e used to
hold netting closely against the face of conca.e slope seg/ents if necessary$
(f) This process shall 0e repeated until the entire slope surface is co.ered$ There shall 0e no
lacing of any jute netting whatsoe.er$
(g) 9inally, the 0otto/ of the netting shall 0e tri//ed to gi.e a tidy finish$
(h) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: As the actual 1uantity of jute net and area co.ered on
slope differ fro/ each other due to the o.erlapping, pay/ent shall 0e /ade on the
0asis of final area co.ered on slope and /easured in s1uare /etre (not the 1uantity of
jute net)$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for
/a"ing arrange/ents for safety to traffics, purchasing of jute, arrange/ent for
Page ; ,EA
loo/s and shades, fa0rication of jute netting and transportation to the site, all la0our,
tools, e1uip/ent, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as per these
Specifications$
120.&' Place9ent of Wi*e ;e)h Si@e ?/te Netting
(a) 3n the case of wide /esh jute netting, it shall only 0e specified for use on slopes which
ha.e already 0een treated with grass and /ulch$ These shall usually 0e less than E=F$
2owe.er, the process of placing the netting shall 0e si/ilar to that for standard netting$
(b) 7nli"e the standard /esh jute net, wide /esh jute net is a.aila0le on shorter length of
=$= /etres and s/aller roll in nature$ 3t shall 0e opened 0y two people 0y two end
laid flat (sa/e as 0ed sheet is laid) on seeded and /ulched slope$
(c) The netting shall 0e pegged with hardwood cuttings, ideally of si/ali (Iitex negundo)
or pegs (usually /ade fro/ split 0/0oo cul/s) at e.ery =)) // inter.als$ The
Contractor shall ensure that his%her la0ourers do not da/ages the area of seeding
and /ulching while placing the jute net$
(d) This process shall 0e repeated until the entire slope surface is co.ered$ The strips shall
then laced together with lengths of the sa/e jute yarn, to for/ a continuous net$ The
lacing shall for/ joins e.ery =)) // or less$
(e) The tension of the netting shall now 0e reduced so that it hugs the slope precisely
and hold the /ulch fir/ly against the surface throughout the area co.ered$
Additional pegs shall 0e used to hold netting closely against the face of conca.e slope
seg/ents$
(f) 9inally, the 0otto/ of the netting shall 0e tri//ed to gi.e a tidy finish$
(g) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The pay/ent shall 0e /ade on the 0asis of final area
co.ered on slope and /easured in s1uare /etre (not the 1uantity of jute net)$ The
pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for /a"ing
arrange/ents for safety to traffics, purchasing and transporting of jute net to the site,
all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as
per these Specifications$
1201& ABION WIRE BO2STERS= S3B-SOI2 %RAINS AN% WIRE NETTIN
The contractor shall pro.ide and install wire 0olsters as shown on the 'rawing or instructed
0y the &ngineer$ This shall 0e done according to the specifications descri0ed hereunder,
as when re1uired$
The Contractor shall supply all necessary expertise, resources and facilities to ensure that
these re1uire/ents are /et$
1201&1 $a0rication of Bol)ter Panel)
(a) 4olster panels shall 0e either = x , /etres or = x < /etres in siCe,
according to the type of 0olster to 0e used$ 3f the 0olster panels are used for
the wire netting, the siCe of the panel shall 0e =$) / L =$) /$ They shall 0e
wo.en with hexagonal /esh in the sa/e way as nor/al ga0ion panels$ 9or the
panel fra/e, ,) swg gal.anised wire shall 0e used8 for the /esh, ,< swg
shall 0e ade1uate$ 6a0ion wire shall co/ply with the re1uire/ents of Clause
<E)$
Page ; ,EG
(b) !ea.ing shall start fro/ one of the long sides$ A total of A- coils of wire shall 0e
spaced e.enly along the = /etre length$ This gi.es a /esh width of a0out B) //$
&ach wea.e shall ha.e three twists, as for nor/al hexagonal /esh$ This shall gi.e a
length of a0out A) // to each /esh lin"$ 3n any e.ent, the /esh length shall not
exceed G) //$ The /esh shall 0e turned on to the larger fra/e wire at least one and a
half turns and /ade fully secure$
1201&2 Place9ent of "onto/r Bol)ter)
(a) A contour 0olster treat/ent shall gi.e a series of stone+filled wire tu0es of -)) //
dia/eter, laid in trenches cut across the slope$ The tops of all the tu0es shall 0e
flush with the surface of the slope in which they are placed$ The purpose shall 0e to
chec" scour of the slope surface 0y pre.enting the de.elop/ent of rills and gullies$
(b) The site to 0e treated shall 0e gi.en final preparation i//ediately 0efore 0olster
installation$ All s/all protrusions and depressions shall 0e o0literated 0y cutting, or 0y
infilling and co/paction$
(c) Starting at the 0ase of the area to 0e treated, and using appropriate /easuring
e1uip/ent, exact lines shall 0e /ar"ed out$ 9ro/ < /etres a0o.e the 0ase of the slope,
a precise contour line shall 0e /ar"ed out e.ery < /etres up the slope$
(d) Starting at the 0otto/, trenches with circular 0ase shall 0e dug along the lines,
ade1uate to ta"e the final -)) // dia/eter tu0es$
(e) 4olster panels shall then 0e laid along the trenches and shaped to fit neatly into the
0ase of the trenches, as well as into any cur.es for/ed as a result of the slope
contours8 each panel shall 0e securely joined to the next panel, to for/ a continuous
0olster tu0e$
(f) The panels shall 0e pac"ed with stones, closed o.er and the edges wired together$
All stones /ust 0e 0igger than the /esh siCe$ The sa/e care shall 0e ta"en as when
filling a con.entional ga0ion 0as"et, and stones /ust 0e carefully placed to gi.e good
structural integrity$
(g) The ends of the 0olsters shall 0e closed o.er and wired together$ The trenches around
all the 0olsters shall then 0e filled and co/pacted with /aterial left fro/ the exca.ations$
(h) nce all of the lines are in place, all surplus de0ris shall 0e cleaned off the slope$ >ild
steel 0ars of at least ,B // dia/eter shall then 0e dri.en into the slope through lower
sides of the contour 0olsters$ These shall 0e at least e.ery < /etres along the lines$
4ars shall 0e ,+< /etres in length on slopes co/posed of soft /aterials, 0ut at the
&ngineerHs discretion, on slopes co/prising hard roc"y /aterials, 0ars of , /etre length
shall also 0e ade1uate$ All 0ars shall 0e dri.en ho/e until the tops protrude no /ore than
<= // a0o.e the slope surface$
(i) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: 4olster shall 0e /easured as per the accepted final product
in linear /etre$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the
Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control, fa0rication of 0olster panel
including cost of wire, collection and transportation of 0oulder%stone to the site,
pac"ing of stones%0oulders, wiring, supply and dri.ing of steel 0ars, exca.ation and
filling, all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor"
as specified in these Specifications$
1201&' Place9ent of 7erring0one Bol)ter)
Page ; ,=)
(a) A herring0one 0olster networ" is in essence a syste/ of wire tu0es of 0etween -)) //
to B)) // in dia/eter depending on the a/ount of water flowing through the site, laid in
trenches cut into the slope$ The /ain 0olster shall run straight down the slope (the
spine) with other running into it at an angle of E=F to the fall of the slope (the
herring0ones or 0ranches) depending on slope angle and terrain /orphology$ The
purpose shall 0e to chec" scour of the slope surface 0y pre.enting the de.elop/ent of
rills and gullies, and to drain the surface /aterial in a si/ilar way to a 9rench drain$
The diagonal co/ponents shall 0e at < to = /etre centres if /easured straight down the
slope$
(b) The site to 0e treated shall 0e gi.en final preparation i//ediately 0efore 0olster
installation$ All s/all protrusions and depressions shall 0e o0literated 0y cutting, or 0y
infilling and co/paction$
(c) Starting at the 0ase of the area to 0e treated, and using appropriate /easuring
e1uip/ent, exact lines shall 0e /ar"ed out: e.ery *$) /etres across the slope, a line
shall run straight up to the top of the slope (these for/ the /ain 0olster spines)$ 9ro/
the 0ase of the line, and e.ery - /etres a0o.e this, other lines of = /etres length shall
0e /ar"ed at E=F to the /ain line (these will for/ the herring0ones)$
(d) Starting at the 0otto/, trenches with circular 0ase shall 0e dug along the lines,
ade1uate to ta"e the final -)) // dia/eter tu0es, or B)) // dia/eter tu0es if large (= x
< /etre) panels are specified$
(e) 4olster panels shall then 0e laid along the trenches and shaped to fit neatly into the
0ase of the trenches, as well as into any cur.es for/ed as a result of the slope
contours8 the panels of the herring0ones shall 0e securely joined to the panels of the
/ain 0olster$
(f) The panels shall 0e gradually closed together and secured, wor"ing up fro/ the 0otto/ of
the slope, while stones are passed in fro/ a0o.e to fill the/$ The stones shall 0e
rando/ly pac"ed so as to allow free drainage, and all stones shall 0e 0igger than ,))
//$ The sa/e care shall 0e ta"en when filling a con.entional ga0ion 0as"et, and
stones shall 0e carefully placed to gi.e good structural integrity$
(g) The upper ends of the herring0ones shall 0e closed o.er and wired together8 they
should touch the ends of the next herring0ones 0ut shall not 0e secured (hoo"ed) to
each other$ The trenches around all the 0olsters shall then 0e filled and co/pacted with
/aterial left fro/ the exca.ations$
(h) nce all of the lines are in place, all surplus de0ris shall 0e cleaned off the slope$ >ild
steel 0ars of at least ,B // dia/eter shall then 0e dri.en into the slope through the
sides of the /ain spine 0olsters and the lower sides of the herring0one 0olsters$ These
shall 0e at least e.ery < /etres along the lines$ 4ars shall 0e ,+< /etres in length on
slopes co/posed of soft /aterials, 0ut at the &ngineerHs discretion, on slopes co/prising
hard roc"y /aterials, 0ars of , /etre length /ay 0e ade1uate$ All 0ars shall 0e dri.en
ho/e until the tops protrude no /ore than <= // a0o.e the slope surface$
(i) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: 4olster that are accepted 0y the &ngineer shall 0e
/easured in linear /etre$ The pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to
the Contractor for /a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control, fa0rication of 0olster panel
including cost of wires, collection and transportation of 0oulder%stone to the site,
exca.ations and fillings, 0oulder%stone pac"ing, all wiring, supply and dri.ing of steel
0ars, all la0our, tools, e1uip/ent, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor"
as specified in these Specifications$
1201&( Wire Netting
(a) !ire netting shall 0e a co/plete co.er on the steep roc"y slope where hea.ily shattered
roc" face is eroding away 0y surface water$ The site shall 0e prepared as outlined in
Clause <A)B$ A wire /esh panel, nor/ally larger than 0olster, of = / x =/ shall 0e
placed o.er the slope and later plant will 0e grown to replace the wire netting$
Page ; ,=,
(b) The site to 0e treated shall 0e gi.en final preparation i//ediately 0efore wire
netting$ All loose 0ulging shall 0e tri//ed off$
(c) Starting at the top of the slope to 0e treated, wire netting shall 0e placed securing
well on to the slope$ The wire net shall then 0e stapled down with an J7J shaped
hoo"$
(d) The hoo" shall 0e /ade of ,B // dia/eter >%S rod and a /ini/u/ of ,))) // in
length$ The hoo" shall 0e dri.en ha//ering down with the /asonHs ha//er at =))
// inter.al$ This will 0e effecti.e if dri.en into the crac"ed joint$ A shorter length /ay
also 0e used if the roc"y face does not per/it the 0ar, 0ut the &ngineerHs appro.ed
and instruction shall 0e o0tained prior to ta"ing a decision$
(e) The wire netting shall 0e well secured$ 3f there are any /inor conca.ity and con.exity,
the wire shall 0e secured 0y ha//ering down 0y /asonHs ha//er$ Additional staples
could 0e used as necessary$ 3f so/e of the staples 0eco/e wea" and loose, they shall
0e ja//ed with ,:E ce/ent sand /ortar in slurry for/$
(f) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: !ire netting shall 0e /easured in s1uare /etre$ The her8
they pay/ent shall 0e the full and the final co/pensation to the Contractor for
/a"ing arrange/ents for traffic control, purchasing of wire net, fa0rication and
transportation of wire netting to the site, supply and dri.ing of hoo"s, all la0our, tools,
e1uip/ent, /aterials, safety harnesses and incidentals to co/plete the wor" as
specified in these Specifications$
1201&+ "on)tr/ction of S/0-)oil %rain) BS/0-)/rface %rain)C
Su0+soil drains shall 0e installed and paid in accordance with the re1uire/ents
specified in Clause <E)E$
1210& SITE PROTE"TION
(a) The Contractor shall protect a planted site for the period specified in the Contract$
Protection shall 0e shall include the pre.ention of da/age to all /anner of site wor"s and
plants 0y people and do/estic or wild ani/als$ 3t shall also include an acti.e role in
tending the plants and i/pro.ing their growth, as specified 0elow$
(b) The period of /aintenance%site protection shall 0e twel.e /onths unless otherwise
specified in the Contract$
1210&1 Pro4i)ion an* Role of Site War*en
(a) The Contractor shall 0e re1uired to pro.ide an ade1uate nu/0er of site wardens to loo"
after the site to fulfil the specified re1uire/ents$ The function of !arden shall 0e 0roader
than that of watch/an, chow"idar, or heralu$ 3t shall also in.ol.e a nu/0er of routine
/aintenance operations$
(b) !arden shall 0e /ature and relia0le characters who need little super.ision for the
ade1uate fulfill/ent of their duties$ They shall 0e acti.e and physically fit$ ld people
who are losing their strength shall not 0e e/ployed$ They shall 0e experienced
agricultural wor"ers fa/iliar with caring for plants$ They shall$ re/ain on site through all
hours of daylight and through all ad.erse weather conditions$ They shall eat their
/eals on site and at no ti/e lea.e the site untended for any reason whatsoe.er$
(c) The role of the !arden shall 0e pri/arily to tend the plants$ 2e%she shall ta"e the
initiati.e in weeding, /ulching, replanting failed plants, pruning and protecting plants
against all pests$ This shall 0e an acti.e role re1uiring indi.iduals with considera0le
energy and initiati.e$ The !arden shall wor" constantly to /aintain and i/pro.e the site
and its 0io+engineering plants$
Page ; ,=<
(d) The !arden shall also 0e re1uired to protect plants on the site fro/ da/age 0y local
people, do/estic and wild ani/als$ 3n doing this he%she shall use a friendly approach
to the people as far as possi0le$ The Contractor shall educate the !arden fully in the
reasons for his%her jo0, so that he%she can co//unicate with others$ 2e%she also shall
ha.e to fulfill an ine.ita0le function as the a/0assador 0etween the 'epart/ent of
Roads and local road neigh0ours$
(e) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: Site !arden e/ployed under the Contract shall not 0e paid
for separately$ All costs associated with the e/ploy/ent of warden as well as
execution of wor"s specified shall 0e considered to 0e included in the ite/ rate of
JSite Aftercare and >aintenanceJ$
1210&2 $a0rication of Ba90oo Tree /ar*)
(a) The Contractor shall pro.ide 0a/0oo tree guards as shown on the 'rawing or
specified in the Contract$ This shall 0e done according to the specification descri0ed
hereunder, as and when re1uired$ The Contractor shall supply all necessary super.ision,
resources and facilities to ensure that these re1uire/ents are /et$
(b) The 0a/0oo strips used to /a"e 0a/0oo tree guards shall 0e /ade fro/ /al 0ans
(4a/0usa nutans su0sp cupulata) whilst the uprights are to 0e /ade fro/ tharu or
dhanu 0ans (4a/0usa nutans su0sp nutans or 4a/0usa 0alcooa)$ 4a/0oo tree guards
shall 0e a /ini/u/ of E=) // in dia/eter 0y ,-)) // in height so that they are a0le
to pro.ide sufficient protection fro/ graCing and fro/ the ele/ents for the first ,A
/onths after planting the seedling$
(c) The guard shall 0e /ade 0y cutting = 0a/0oo posts which are a /ini/u/ of =)
// wide 0y ,) // thic" and at least ,B)) // long$ The posts shall 0e cut so that they
ha.e a strong spear+li"e point at the 0otto/ that can 0e dri.en into the ground when
placing out on site$ The 0a/0oo poles used to /a"e the uprights shall 0e a /ini/u/ of
- years old$
(d) 4a/0oo strips, a /ini/u/ of = // thic" and =) // wide shall 0e cut fro/ poles that
are at least < years old$ The 0a/0oo used shall 0e split so that the outer wall re/ains
intact$ nly lengths with the outer wall intact shall 0e used$ The split 0a/0oo shall 0e
the length of the whole 0a/0oo pole that it is cut fro/, or as long as possi0le$ The split
0a/0oo shall 0e wo.en in and out of the 0a/0oo uprights and pulled tight, so that it is
fir/ and strong$ The end of each of the strips shall 0e wo.en 0ac" into the 0as"et and
tied with 0inding wire to "eep it in place$ &nd pieces shall not 0e left stic"ing out and
un0ound, 0ecause they 1uic"ly get 0ro"en and the 0as"et starts to unra.el fro/ this point$
The split 0a/0oo shall 0e wo.en round the poles so that when they are tightly pressed
down there are no gaps in the guard$
(e) >easure/ent and pay/ent: #o separate pay/ent shall 0e for the fa0rication of the
0a/0oo tree guards$ All associated costs shall 0e considered to 0e included in the
ite/ rate for JSite Aftercare and >aintenanceJ$
1210&' Place9ent of Ba90oo Tree /ar*)
(a) Tree guards shall 0e installed on site at the ti/e of planting, no later than the second
wee" of (uly, and shall 0e placed carefully around the planted seedlings$
(b) The tree guards shall 0e placed o.er the seedling i//ediately after planting$ The
upright posts shall 0e fir/ly dri.en at least -)) // into the ground so that the guard is
a0le to resist 0ashing and ru00ing fro/ cows, 0uffalo, goats and people$ The wo.en
slats shall 0e pushed down fir/ly fro/ the 0otto/ upwards so that they touch one
another and are free fro/ large gaps$
Page ; ,=-
Tree guards alone are not ade1uate protection for s/all plants$ The Contractor shall
pro.ide a site !arden in addition, for the ti/e specified, to /aintain the tree guards
and ensure that local people respect the/, and generally fulfil all the re1uire/ents
of Su0+clause ,<,)$,
(c) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: #o separate pay/ent shall 0e /ade for the place/ent of
the 0a/0oo tree guards$ All the associated costs shall 0e dee/ed to 0e included in the
rele.ant ite/ rate for JSite Aftercare and >aintenanceJ$
1210&2 $encing
9encing shall 0e executed as descri0ed in Section E)) 0ut pay/ent shall 0e included in the
ite/ rate of JSite Aftercare and >aintenanceJ$
1211& SITE A$TER"ARE AN% ;AINTENAN"E
(1) The Contractor shall /aintain planted 0io+engineering sites as re1uired 0y the
&ngineer$ This shall 0e done according to the specifications descri0ed hereunder,
as and when re1uired$ The Contractor shall supply all necessary expertise and
resources to ensure that these re1uire/ents are /et$
(2) The Contractor shall carry out weeding as re1uired throughout the site$ All annual
weeds and other unwanted plants shall 0e cut just a0o.e the ground and the aerial
parts will 0e used to /a"e co/post or /ulch$ !eeds shall not 0e pulled out 0y the
roots since this distur0s the ground surface$
(3) !eeding shall 0e carried out throughout the growing season$ 3t shall 0e
underta"en with particular diligence at the end of the /onsoon, so that there is the
/ini/u/ a/ount of co/petition during the su0se1uent dry season$
(4) The Contractor shall carry out /ulching as re1uired throughout the site$ All plants
re1uired under the 0io+engineering specifications will 0e /ulched using /aterial
prepared as specified in Su0+clause <A)= (=), or the aerial parts of weeds cut on
the site or 0rought fro/ elsewhere for the purpose$ The desired plants shall 0e
"ept /ulched at all ti/es 0ut especial care shall 0e ta"en in the spring, when the soil
/oisture deficit is at its greatest$
(5) The Contractor shall replace failed, da/aged, diseased and .ery wea" plants, using
fresh, healthy plants of the sa/e species, at the correct ti/e of year for planting$ This
replanting operation shall nor/ally 0e carried out during the /onsoon in the year
following the first planting wor"s$ Iegetation structures shall 0e enriched 0y the
planting of additional cuttings or seedlings, as instructed 0y the &ngineer$ 9ailed
seeding areas shall 0e reseeded at the appropriate ti/e of year$
(6) 3n replanting and enrich/ent wor"s, the &ngineer /ay specify the use of different
species$ This shall 0e done where failures or poor perfor/ance of plants /ay 0e
attri0uted to poor stoc" or an incorrect initial choice of species$
(7) All 0io+engineering sites shall 0e /aintained so that there are at least the following
two storeys of .egetation$ 3n certain locations, howe.er, there /ay 0e a nu/0er of
additional .egetation storeys$
(a) A dense ground co.er of healthy grass plants, in the configuration specified at the
ti/e of planting$
(b) An open canopy of shru0s or trees with a deeper rooting networ"$
(8) 3n general it shall 0e necessary to "eep the upper canopy thinned in order to /aintain
Page ; ,=E
the lower ground co.er$ >ost grasses re1uire high light intensities and 0eco/e
degraded if su0jected to excessi.e shade fro/ the o.erstorey$ 3t shall therefore 0e
the ContractorHs responsi0ility to thin the canopy as necessary to per/it ade1uate
le.els of light to penetrate for the opti/u/ growth of the grass understory$
(9) All thinning and pruning operations shall 0e underta"en in accordance with the
guidelines issued 0y the 6eo+&n.iron/ental 7nit$ Since these are s"illed sil.icultural
operation, the Contractor shall ta"e appropriate professional ad.ice and e/ploy
suita0ly s"illed personnel$
(10) All products fro/ thinning and pruning operations shall 0e disposed off in
accordance with the regulation of 2is >ajestyHs 6o.ern/ent$ The Contractor shall
follow the instructions of the &ngineer in this regard$
(11) ther /aintenance operations shall to 0e underta"en 0y the Contractor according to
the instructions of the &ngineer$
(12) >easure/ent and Pay/ent: The wor"s shall 0e /easured in a lu/p su/ 0asis$
The ite/ rate shown in the 4ill of @uantities shall 0e the full and the final
co/pensation to the Contractor for carrying out all wor"s specified herein including
pro.ision of site protection specified in Clause ,<,)$
Should at any ti/e the &ngineer gi.e any instruction for the proper Site
Protection%Aftercare and >aintenance and the Contractor does not respond within <E
hours, the &ngineer shall 0e e/powered to instruct others to carry out the wor"s$
Any costs in.ol.ed 0y such actions shall 0e 0orne 0y the Contractor$
Page ; ,==

Bioengineering Specification

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Bioengineering Specification

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Taplejung Airport Project: Strengthening (Asphalt Concrete) of

Runway, Taxiway, Apron and ther Associated !or"s Technical Specification

S-ar putea să vă placă și