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Konsep Sistem p
Teknik Industri
Dr. Eng. Muhammad Rusman, ST. MT
Pendahuluan
Pengertian Sistem
Pengenalan masalah sistem
Perilaku sistem
Konsep sistem
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Effectiveness Vs Efficiency
Efficiency
Input or resources to produce the maximum level Input or resources to produce the maximum level
of output
Producing given level of output with the
minimum amount of inputs or resources
Technical effecinecymaximizes the ratio of
distance traveled to fuel comsumption
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Economic effecincy maximizing the difference
between revenues and total cost
Effectiveness Vs Efficiency
Effectiveness
Looks at how well the goals or objectives
of the entity or activity are achieved
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System
Solar system
Sosial system
Political system
Telephone system
Number system
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Information system
Legal system
Definition of the system
A system is an organized assembly of
t component
A systemis any set (group) of
interdependent or temporally
interacting part
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Pengertian Sistem
System: a Collection of element or
t th t i t t t components that interact to
accomplish goals.
Composed of:
Inputs
Processing mechanisms
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Processing mechanisms
Outputs
Feedback / Assessment
Pengertian sistemadalah kumpulan
b k li b k it d obyek yang saling berkaitan dan
saling bergantung secara tetap
(reguler) untuk mencapai tujuan
bersama dalam suatu lingkungan
yang kompleks. (togar 1995)
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Contoh
Planet yang kita tempati Solar system
K l t t t S i l S t Keluarga, tetangga, teman Social System
Telephone system
Number system
Information system
Central Nervous system
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y
Atom system neutron, electron, proton
A system is s section of reality that is
the primary focus on a study and is the primary focus on a study and is
composed of components that
interact with another according to
certain rules within a boundary
identified by the purpose of the study.
A system can perform a function not
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A system can perform a function not
performable by it individual
components.
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Definisi Sistem :
Out-there and Inside of Us View of system
Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system
kemungkinan akan sama dengan menyebut
matahari dengan 9 planetnya, bumi sebagai
tempat mahluk hidup, dan bagaimana
hubungan planet planet dan matahari dengan
gaya grafitasinya. Tetapi definisi akan tidak sama
dengan definisi orang lain mengenai Power
system dan computer information system
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system dan computer information system.
So, different people may define the same
system in different way depend on what
the person viewing something as a system.
System as a Human Conceptualization
Human observer that may view something
as a system.
Orang berjalan pantai, berenang di laut,
mahasiswa biologi mempelajari biota
laut, engineer bekerja membuat kapal
l t diff t i
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laut different view
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I choose to define a system as
follows:
A system is an organized assembly of components.
'Organized' means that there exist special relationships
between the components between the components.
The system does something, i.e., it exhibits a type of behavior
unique to the system.
Each component contributes towards the behavior of the
system and is affected by being in the system. No component
has an independent effect on the system. The behavior of the
system is changed if any component is removed or leaves
Groups of components within the system may by themselves
have properties (1), (2), and (3), i.e., they may form
subsystems
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subsystems.
The system has an outside - an environment - which provides
inputs into the system and receives outputs from the system.
The system has been identified by someone as of special
interest
Contoh Kasus A Saw Mill
An industrial EngineeringProduction System
Physical components of the operation y p p
Storage spaces, raw materials, types finished product
The purpose for studying this system could be to determine
good physical layouts for the equipment and storage
areas, or good product handling and equipment
operating procedures.
Hence, abstract outputs are such things as the maximum
processing capacity, the location of bottlenecks, and the
fraction of time various machines are idle all with respect
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fraction of time various machines are idle, all with respect
to a given combination of inputs, both physical and
abstract.
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The Owners a system for getting a
financial return on their investment financial return on their investment
Financial consequences of all activities
going on in firm.
A management Scientist Satisfy
costumer demand at the lowest
possible cost
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possible cost
Minimum cost operation to meet certain
customer orders
Different kind of systems
Discrete system
The state of the system jumps through sequence of discrete state
Telphone system Telphone system
Continues System
System changes continuously
Vehicles move along the road
Deterministic system
Behavior of the system is predictable every detail
Stochastic system
Affected by random number
Closed System
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Closed System
Does not receive any things from the environment, nor does it
give out anything to its environment, no inputs and output
No interaction with any environment
Open system
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Systems theory distinguishes between
th t f t l three types of controls:
open loop controls,
closed loop controls, and
Feed-forward controls.
Negative and Positive Feedback loops
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g p
Open loop controls
Open loop controls are inputs imposed
on the system based only on the on the system based only on the
prediction of how the system behavior
responds to them.
No account is taken of how the system
actually responds to the control inputs.
O l t l ft i th
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Open loop controls are often in the
form of a recipe or a set of rules to
follow.
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Closed loop controls,
Under this type of control. information
b t th t b h i P ibl i about the system behavior. Possibly in
response to previous control inputs, is
feedback to the controller for
evaluation. This may lead the
controller to adjust the control signals.
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Positive Feedback
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"The more people there are, the more births
there will be; the more births there are, the
more people there will be."
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Negative Feedback
More people move into a town, the number of jobs
available is affected: The larger the number of
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available is affected: The larger the number of
people moving into an area, the smaller the
number of job openings available. As the jobs are
taken, fewer people are attracted to the town.
Symbolization of the concept
system
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Inner-System Boundary-Outer (Environment)
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Subsystem
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A partial collection of the elements of the system
System: Mental Model
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Multi Disciplinary Approach for A
Multi-Aspect Problem
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Multi Disciplinary Approach for A
Multi-Aspect Problem
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An Interdisciplinary Approach for
A Multi-Aspect Problem
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TUGAS
Buat Deskripsi tentang sebuah sistem:
(T li k !) (Tuliskan!)
Lihat Contoh Tugas 1
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Referensi
System and decision Making; A
t i h management science approach;
Hans, Daellenbach, John
Willey&Saon,1994
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