PJC2011

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1
2011 JC2 H2 Math Midyear Exam Paper 2 Suggested Solution

1

Objective : To formulate a system of linear equations from a problem situation and solve the
system using a graphic calculator.

Solution
Let $x, $y, $z be the cost of a DVD, HTS and HDTV respectively.

2244
0.9 0.92 0.95 2089.55
0.85 0.88 0.9 1984.85
x y z
x y z
x y z
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =

From GC, x =395, y =750, z =1099
Amt credit card holder have to pay =0.7 395 0.8 750 0.85 1099 + +
=1810.65
2
Objective : Solving inequalities by a graphical method.

Solution


1
ln( 2) 0
1
x
x
+ <

The graph of
1
ln( 2)
1
y x
x
= +

intersect the x-axis at

1.35 x = and x =1.76
Hence
1
ln( 2) 0
1
x
x
+ <

2 1.35 x < < or 1 <x <1.76

OR


1
ln( 2)
1
x
x
+ <

The graphs intersect at 1.35 x = and x =1.76
2 1.35 x < < or 1 <x <1.76









x
y
x =1
2 x =


PJC2011
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2
3

Objectives : To apply
n
S and
n
T formulae for AP and to state the relationship between
consecutive terms in a GP.
Solution

Given ( )
60
60
5430 2 59 5430
2
S a d = + =
60 1770 5430 a d + = (1)

Given
3 11
1 3
2 10
2
T T a d a d
T T a a d
+ +
= =
+



2
2 2 2
2
( 10 ) ( 2 )
10 4 4
4 6 0
(2 3 ) 0
3
(Since 0) (2)
2
a a d a d
a ad a ad d
d ad
d d a
d a d
+ = +
+ = + +
=
=
=


Solving (1) and (2), 2, 3 a d = =

Series H: first term =a =2, common difference =2d =6.
3500
n
S >
(2(2) ( 1)(6)) 3500
2
n
n + >

2
6 2 7000 0 n n >

2
3 3500 0 n n >
( 34.324)( 33.990) 0 n n + >
34.324 or 33.990 n n > < (N.A.)
Hence, least value of n =35.

4

Objectives : To apply Ratio Theorem for finding midpoint between two points, to find the acute
angle between 2 lines and to find the foot of perpendicular from point to line.

Solution

(i) By Ratio Theorem,
1
( )
2
OM OA OB = +

=
3 1
1
2 0
2
1 3
( | | | |
( | |
+
( | |
| |
(
\ . \ .
=
1
1
2
| |
|

|
|
\ .

34.324 -33.990


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3
Equation of l:
1
1 ,
2

| |
|
=
|
|
\ .
r or
1 1
1 1 ,
2 2

| | | |
| |
= +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
r

(ii)
1 3 4 2
0 2 2 2 1
3 1 2 1
AB
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
= = =
| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

1 2
1 1 6 6cos
2 1

| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ . \ .


1
cos
6
99.59

=
=


acute angle =180 99.59 80.4 =
(iii) Since N lies on l
2
ON

| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

1
1 0
2
AN l AN
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

3 1
2 1 0
2 1 2

( | | | | | |
( | | |
=
( | | |
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .


3 1
2 1 0
2 1 2

| | | |
| |
+ =
| |
| |

\ . \ .


7
3 2 4 2 0
6
+ + = =
Hence,
1
7
1
6
2
ON
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

.








PJC2011
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4
5
Objective : To make a conjecture and prove a statement using MI

Solution
(i)
1
2
n
n
n
u
u
u
+
=
+


1
1 u =

1
2
1
1 1
2 1 2 3
u
u
u
= = =
+ +


2
3
2
1
1
3
1
2 7
2
3
u
u
u
= = =
+
+


3
4
3
1
1
7
1
2 15
2
7
u
u
u
= = =
+
+


4
5
4
1
1
15
1
2 31
2
15
u
u
u
= = =
+
+

(ii)
n
u =
1
2 1
n

(iii) Let
n
P be the statement

n
u =
1
2 1
n

, 1,2,3,... n =

When n =1,
LHS =
1
1 u = (given)
RHS =
1
1
1
2 1
=

Thus,
1
P is true.

Assume that
k
P is true for some k, k =1,2,3,

k
u =
1
2 1
k

To prove that
1 k
P
+
is also true, i.e.

1 k
u
+
=
1
1
2 1
k+

,
LHS =
1 k
u
+

=
2
k
k
u
u +



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5
=
1
2 1
1
2
2 1
k
k

=
1 2 1
2 1 1 2(2 1)
k
k k

+

=
1
1
1 2 2
k+
+

=
1
1
2 1
k+

=RHS

Thus,
1 k
P
+

is also true.

Since
1
P is true and
k
P is true
1 k
P
+
is also true, then by mathematical
induction,
n
P is true for 1,2,3,... n = .

6

Objective : To use a given substitution to reduce a first-order differential equation to the form
d
f ( )
d
y
y
x
= and to sketch a family of solution curves.

Solution
y vx =

d d
d d
y v
x v
x x
= +
( )
d
2
d
y
x y x x y
x
=

d
(2 )
d
d
2
d
v
x x v vx x x vx
x
v
x v v x vx
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
+ =


d
2
d
v
v
x
=

1
d 1d
2
v x
v
=

or
1
d 1d
2
v x
v
=

ln 2 v x c = + ln 2 v x c = +
2
x c x
v e Ae

= = , where
c
A e

= 2
x c x
v e Be
+
= =
2
x
y
Ae
x

= 2
x c x
y
e Be
x
+
= =
(2 )
x
y x Ae

= (shown) (2 )
x
y x Be

= +
(2 )
x
y x Ae

= , A B =



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6










7
Objective : (i) To sketch the loci of simple equations in an Argand diagram and
find the intersections of the loci.
(ii) To find the least value of the modulus of a given expression.

Solution

(a)
i 2 3 2i 2
i( 2 2 3i 2
( 2 2 3i) 2
z
z
z
+ + =
+ =
+ =

cos 1
2 3
a
a

= =
sin 3
2 3
b
b

= =
Hence ( 1, 3) A and ( 3, 3 3) B

The loci intersect at the point representing the complex numbers 1 3i and 3 3 3i + +

(b)













Least value of
2 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 w i AB + = = + =
2
3

a
b
A
B
( )
2,2 3
2
( ) 0,0
( 1,2) A

locus of w
1
(1, 1)
1
B
.
.
( ) 0,0


PJC2011
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7
8

Objective : To describe how a suitable sampling method can be used.

Solution

(i) Quota sampling.

(ii) The sample obtained is biased because each student in the college is not equally likely to
be chosen for the interview.
Or
The sample obtained is not representative of the population. The number of samples from
each stratum i.e. J C1 and J C2 does not reflect the actual ratio of students in each stratum
of the population.

(iii) Use stratified sampling
Obtain the sample size for each level, i.e.
935
60
1700
= 33 students from J C1 and 27
students from J C2.
Within each stratum, perform simple random sample to obtain the required sample, i.e.
33 from J C1 and 27 from J C2.

9

Objective : To find the number of combinations to form a group of n objects.

Solution

(i) Total no. of ways =
6
5
6 C = or
3 3
2 2
6 C C + =

(ii) Total no. of ways =
7
5
21 C = or
3 4 4 3
1 2 3 2
21 C C C C + + =

(iii) We use the complement method: Total no. of ways - all from E and P only - all from E
and R only - all from P and R only.
Hence, total no. of ways =
10 6
5 5
2 part (ii) answer 204 C C =

10

Objective : To use the binomial distribution to model a practical situation and calculate
probabilities using a graphic calculator. Use of normal distribution, with continuity correction, to
approximate a binomial distribution.

Solution

Let X ~number of letters, out of 4, that arrive within three days.
X ~B(4, 0.2)
( 2) 1 ( 1) P X P X = =0.1808



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8
Let Y ~number of letters, out of 200, that arrive within three days.
Y ~B(200, 0.2)
Since n is large (>50), np =40 >5 and n(1 p) =160 >5
Y ~N(40, 32)
P(Y >50) =P(Y >50.5) (cc)
=0.0317
Let W ~number of letters, out of n, that arrive within three days.
W ~B(n, 0.2)
P( 1) 0.95 W >
1 P( 0) 0.95 W = >
P( 0) 0.05 W = <
(0.8) 0.05
n
<

lg0.05
13.4
lg0.8
n > =

or from GC

( ) 13 P 0 0.055 0.05 n W = = = >
( ) 14 P 0 0.044 0.05 n W = = = <
( ) 15 P 0 0.035 0.05 n W = = = <
Least value of n is 14.

11

Objective : Solving problems involving normal variables, including use of E(aX +bY) and
Var(aX +bY), where X and Y are independent.

Solution

Let X ~length (in cm) of a short brick.
Y ~length (in cm) of a long brick
X ~N(25, 1.5
2
) Y ~N(k, 2
2
)

(i)
1 2 9
...... S X X X = + + + ~N(9 x 25, 9 x1.5
2
)
i.e. S ~N(225, 4.5
2
)
P( 220) S > =0.867

(ii)





( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
Var Var Var
9 1.5 4 2 36.25
S L S L = +
= + =



( ) ( ) ( )
( )
E 9E 4E
9 25 4
225 4
S L X L
k
k
=
=
=


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9

(iii) ~ (225 4 , 36.25) S L N k
P( ) 0.95 S L > =
P( 0) 0.95 S L > =

0 (225 4 )
P( ) 0.95
36.25
k
Z

> =

225 4
P( ) 0.95
36.25
k
Z

< =

225 4
1.64485
36.25
k
=
k =53.77
=54 (to 2 sig fig)


(iv)
2 2 2
2 ~ (54 2 25, 2 2 1.5 ) Y X N +
2 ~ (4,13) Y X N
P( 2 ) Y X >
=P( 2 0) Y X >
= 0.866

12

Objective : To represent information on a tree diagram and use the diagram to
solve probability questions.

Solution

(i)
















A wins
B wins
A wins
B wins
A wins
B wins
A wins
B wins
A wins
B wins
1/2
1/2
1/5
1/5
4/5
4/5
1/3
1/3
2/3
2/3


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10
(ii) P(B wins the match) =P(A wins, B wins, B wins) +P(B wins, A wins, B wins) +P(B
wins, B wins) =
1 2 4
2 3 5
+
1 1 2
2 5 3
+
1 4
2 5
=
11
15
(or 0.733)

(iii) P(A won the second set| B wins the match)
=
P( won the second set and B wins the match)
(B wins the match)
A
P
=
1 1 2
2 5 3
11
15

=
1
11
(or 0.909)


13

Objective : To use the Poisson distribution to model a practical situation and calculate
probabilities using a graphic calculator. Use of Poisson distribution as approximation to the
binomial distribution.

Solution

(i) Let X ~number of statistics books loaned out per week.
X ~Po(2.1)
P(X =0) =0.12246
=0.122 (to 3 sig fig)

(ii) Let Y ~number of statistics books loaned out in a month.
Y ~Po(8.4)
P( 4) 0.078908 0.0789 Y =

(iii) Let W ~number of weeks, out of 10, in which no statistics books are
loaned out.
W ~B(10, 0.12246)
P(W >n) <0.005
1 P( ) 0.005 W n <
( ) 0.995 P W n >

( ) 3 P 3 0.9744 0.995 n W = = <
( ) 4 P 4 0.9959 0.995 n W = = >
( ) 5 P 5 0.9995 0.995 n W = = >
Smallest n is 4.

(iv) Let V ~number of months, out of 60, in which at most 4 statistics
books are loaned out.
V ~B(60, 0.078908)
Since n is large (>50) and np =4.7345 <5
V ~Po(4.7345)
P( 8) 1 P( 7) 0.107 V V = =