Mobile Communication Systems: TETRA

Terrestrial Trunked Radio System

Mrio Jorge Leito
Comunicaes Mveis
Licenciatura em Engenharia Electrotcnica e de Computadores
Licenciatura em Engenharia Informtica e Computao
Partially adapted with permission from
Mobile Communication: Wireless Telecommunication Systems - Jochen Schiller
http://www.jochenschiller.de
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR overview
PMR: Private Mobile Radio
cost effective mobile communications for private networks
many specialised facilities not available in public mobile networks
usually stand-alone networks
advanced systems allow interconnection with fixed network (voice/data)
use of VHF/UHF allow good coverage with small antennas
Target users
police forces
fire brigades
emergency health
military forces
transportation fleets: goods, taxi, buses
utilities: electricity, gas, water
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR systems
Basic mobile radio systems
simple two-way radio without base stations
users within range of each other
fixed frequency assignment (sometimes manually selectable)
usually no privacy
Advanced mobile radio systems
cellular network architecture - trunked systems
secure communications
efficient use of frequency spectrum
possibility of shared resources - PAMR: Public Access Mobile Radio
examples of technologies: TETRA / TETRAPOL
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR special requirements (I)
Reliability
high service availability
minimum service still possible in case of large breakdown
Centralised / Decentralised operation
central dispatch point to organise users
possibility of direct mode operation (without central control or any
infrastructure al all)
Various types of call
point-to-point (single user to single user)
group (pre-defined number of users)
broadcast (all users in the network; all users in a selected area)
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR special requirements (II)
Call set-up
sub-second call set-up time
PTT - Press To Talk operation
usually no need for action to answer
Security
increased security
possibility of end to end encryption
Call priorities
classes of users with higher priority
urgent calls may be able to pre-empt other call types
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR configurations (I)
Trunked mode operation with dispatch
Repeater operation (e.g. vehicle mounted)
mobile 1
mobile 2
mobile 3
base station
control station
with dispatcher
Police
Police
base station
mobile 1
mobile 2 / repeater
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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PMR configurations (II)
Basic Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
Repeater DMO
mobile 1
mobile 2
mobile 3
repeater
mobile 1 mobile 2
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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TETRA overview
ETSI standard
formerly: Trans European Trunked Radio
now: Terrestrial Trunked Radio System
Main parameters
Parameter
Frequency bands
Value
Several bands 380 - 460 MHz
Carrier spacing 25 kHz
Modulation QPSK
Carrier data rate 36 kbit/s
Access method TDMA with 4 slots per carrier
User data rate 7.2 kbit/s per time slot (unprotected)
Voice coder rate ACELP (4.56 kbit/s net, 7.2 kbit/s gross)
Duplex method FDD
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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TETRA TDMA
TDMA structure - Voice+Data (V+D) mode
0 1 2 57 58 59 ...
hyperframe
0 1 2 15 16 17 ...
multiframe
0 1 2 3
0
slot
509
frame
170/12 =14.167 ms
170/3 =56.67 ms
1.02 s
61.2 s
CF
Control Frame
Radio interface bit rate
510 bits / 14.167 ms =36 kbit/s
User gross bit rate
17 frames x 432 bits / 1.02 s =7.2kbit/s
432 user data bits
Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA
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TETRA services
Basic services
Speech services - clear / encrypted
individual call (point-to-point)
group call (point-to-multipoint)
broadcast call
Modes
Trunked Mode
Circuit mode data
Up to 254
characters
Direct mode
1 slot 2 slot 3 slot 4 slot
Short Data
Service (SDS)
2.4 kbit/s
4.8 kbit/s
7.2 kbit/s
4.8 kbit/s
9.6 kbit/s
14.4 kbit/s
7.2 kbit/s
14.4 kbit/s
21.6 kbit/s
9.6 kbit/s
19.2 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
Note: data rates apply for high protection, low protection and no protectgin

Packet mode data

Connection
oriented
Connectionless

Mrio Jorge Leito TETRA

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TETRA terminals
Vehicular terminal Portable terminals