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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes the methodology to achieve the aims and objectives of this study.
Data used in this project and the procedures of calculations are presented in the subsequent
sections.

3.2 DATA AVAILABLE

Here the data are taken from the Biyad reservoir illustrated below:
Table 3.1: Reservoir data and production for Biyad oil reservoir
Reservoir Data
Initial reservoir pressure, psia
Bubble point pressure, psia
Water saturation
Formation porosity
Formation permeability, md
Formation temperature, F
Salinity, ppm
Water viscosity, cp
Radius of reservoir, ft.

1623
40
70 %
19 %
832
181
335000
0.43
15000

Production Data
Date Pressure
Cumulative Oil
Produced STB
Cumulative Water
Produced bbl.
Cumulative Water
Injected bbl.
1998 1,623 0 0 0
1999 1,400 221,832 21,885.833 0
2000 1,200 622,985 109,374.58 0
2001 1,100 1,249,711 416,621 37,750
2002 900 2,140,227 1,287,960.2 450,500
2003 800 3,258,262 2,807,023 1,358,833
2004 700 4,626,225 4,680,176.5 2,591,667
2005 650 6,251,832 6,983,173.1 4,271,583
2006 600 8,125,469 9,744,110.2 6,458,500
2007 550 10,218,047 13,108,741 9,297,000
2008 500 12,514,049 17,097,549 12,766,000
2009 450 15,013,535 21,818,169 16,966,000
2010 400 17,690,890 27,323,760 22,000,333
2011 350 20,492,313 33,656,260 27,896,917
2012 300 23,315,021 40,158,754 33,961,250
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3.3 PROCEDURE OF CALCULATION WATER INFLUX

Here we will describe each step in calculating water influx.
1. Calculation of Formation volume factor of oil, Bo

(3.1)
2. Calculation of Formation volume factor of water, B
w
by using the following
equations:

(3.2)

(3.3)

(3.4)

(3.5)

( ) (

)
( )

) (3.6)

) (3.7)
3. Calculation of water compressibility by using the following equations:

(3.8)

(3.9)

(3.10)

(3.11)

) (3.12)
4. Calculation of formation compressibility

(3.13)
5. Calculation of total compressibility

(3.14)
6. Calculation of P

(3.15)
7. Calculation by using MBEs equations:

(3.16)
(

) ((

) (3.17)

[
(

] (3.18)

8. Calculation using unsteady-state models equations:
3


(

) (3.19)

] (3.20)
For 0.01 < t
D
< 200

(3.21)
9. Determining the drive mechanism of the reservoir
Plot

vs. Np
10. Plot in graph (

) vs. (

)
From the plot find
The water influx constant ( B = slope )
OOIP ( N = the intersect with Y axis)
11. Calculation of Water Influx (We)
By using MBEs equation

) (3.22)
By using Models equation

) (3.23)
12. Calculation of the error in water influx
Calculate the error percentage in the water influx that has been calculated from step
11.

3.4 PREDICTION OF THE RESERVOIR FUTURE PERFORMANCE

To predict water influx uses the following steps.
1. Plot Pressure vs. Time
From graph we get the following equation to predict pressure in the future

(3.24)
2. Plot Pressure vs. Np
From graph we get the following equation to predict Np produced oil in the future
(

) (3.25)
3. Plot Pressure vs. Winj
From graph we get the following equation to predict Np produced oil in the future

) (3.26)
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4. Plot Pressure vs. Wp
After plotting the graph we found that there is no equation bind these data so we used
curve extension to predict Wp by plotting three lines on, above, and under the line
and get their average value for a good approximation to predict produced water.
5. Calculation of water influx
Repeat steps 3.3.1 3.3.8, 3.3.11 and 3.3.12

3.5 CALCULATION OF THE OIL RECOVERY

Recovery can be calculated by the following equations

(3.27)
(3.28)
(3.29)

3.6 CALCULATION OF WATER-DRIVE INDEX
Water-drive index WDI can be calculated by the following equations

)) (3.30)

(3.31)

(3.32)

3.7 CALCULATIONS OF OIL AND WATER FLOW RATE AND WATER CUT

(3.33)

(3.34)

(3.35)
3.8 CALCULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY INDEX

(3.36)