TRAINING

REPORT

Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant Bathinda








Submitted by:

Yogesh Kumar-UE99078
BE Mechanical


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



Myself YOGESH KUMAR a 3rd year student of UIET,PU CHD. express
my deepest gratitude to all who contributed in imparting me the valuable
knowledge during my training.

I am thankful to the Chief Engineer/Administration, GNDTP who provided
me the opportunity to undergo training .

With the help and valuable time of all the people I would not have been able
to learn and gather various important aspects of the MECHANICAL works
during my training.

Finally,yet importantly,I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my
beloved parents for their blessings,my friends/classmates for their help and
wishes for the successful completion of my training.








INDEX

1. ORAGAZNISATION : AN INTRODUCTION
2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
3. 6.6 KV CIRCUIT BREAKERS
4. MOTOR
a. H.T.MOTORS
b. L.T MOTORS
5. TRANSFORMERS
6. SWITCH YARD COMPONENTS
7. TURBO GENERATOR

ORANISATION:-AN INTRODUCTION

Thermal power stations require a number equipments performing a number
of complex processes with the ultimate aim to convert chemical energy of
coal or oil to electrical energy. This involves the generation of steam in
boiler by burning coal and /or oil. The steam in turn drives the turbine. The
generator coupled with the turbine produces electricity 11 kv which is
stepped u 220kv with the help of transformers and is fed into grid station
through transmission lines.

INTRODUCTION
Cheap and abundant supply of electric power is the major factor in the
development and progress of country.Punjab power sector comprises three
wholly state-owned corporations vizThe Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant
,Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant and Guru Gobing Singh Super Thermal
Power Plant which are responsible for power
generation,transmission,distribution and trading in the state.


LOCATION:

The Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant ( )at
Bathinda is one of the three thermal power stations in Punjab (the other
being at Lehra Mohabat and Ropar) .It is a medium-sized power station with
four units that were begun to be built in early 1970s and completed in 1982.
All total generate up to 440 Mw of power that meets the mammoth irrigation
needs of lower Punjab.

At couple of years back the Thermal Plant's functioning, which some claim
is not up to contemporary environment safety standards, has given birth to
serious health problems, not only in Bathinda itself, but also nearby towns
and villages, especially fly ash problem.





Input &outputs

There are three major inputs or raw materials required for the type of
thermal power station these are:

1. WATER
2. FUEL OIL
3. COAL

1. WATER:-

The raw water required for the thermal power station has been taken from
BATHINDA CANALS through a channel. This water is lifted by RAW
WATER PUMPS and fed into clarifiers to remove the turbidity of the
water.The clean water is stored in CLEAR WELLS from there it is sent to
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS,COOLING WATER SYSTEM AND
SERVICE WATER SYSTEMS.
The water in the WATER TREATMENT PLANT Is FILTERED and
DEMINERALISED WATER (D.M water) is stored in bulk storage tanks for
use in boiler and turbine .The cool water for condensation of steam is
circulated with the help of condensate water (C.W) PUMPS through
COOLING TOWERS. The hot water from the outlet of the condenser is
sprayed in the cooling tower to reduce its temperature. Some part of it is
used in cooling various auxiliaries in plant through BEARING COOLING
WATER PUMPS.


2. FUEL OIL:-

In this power house three type of fuel oil are used for preheating and at
low load of the boiler due to less problem faced in ignition of oil rather than
coal. These three types are:
1. High speed diesel oil.
2. Heavy furnace oil.
3. Low sulpher heavy stock.
The high speed diesel oil reaches power station by LORRY TANKERS.
The oil is decanted through pumps and team heating H.F.O& L.S.H.S is
stored in BULK STORAGE TANKS. The H.F.O&L.S.H.S comes to site
through rail tankers. As this oil is viscous, it is heated with steam and
decanted with pumps. The oil is stored in bulk storage tanks with steam
heating coil .H.F.O & L.S.H.S is burnt in the furnace of boiler after
atomizing with steam.


3. Coal

The coal reaches the power station in RAILWAY WAGONS.The daily
consumption of coal in stage-I is about 1500 M tonnes.The unloading of the
coal from railways wagons is done mechanically by tilting the wagon by
WAGGON TIPPLER. The coal is then sent to COAL CRUSHER by
conveyor belts. The crushed coal is then sent either to coal mill bunkers or
storage yard. The coal is also transported to coal bunkers from storage yard.
The coal is also transported to coal bunkers from storage yard through
conveyor belt when the coal wagons are not available. The crushed coal
stock from the mill bunker goes to coal mills through RAW COAL
FEEDERS where it is further pulverized to power form & is then transported
to the furnace of the boiler with the help of PRESSURED AIR from
PRIMARY AIR (P.A.) FANS.


FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION


The thermal power station burns fuel & uses the resultant to make the
steam, which derives the turbo generator. The fuel i.e. Coal is burnt in
pulverized form. The pressure energy of the steam produce is converted into
mechanical energy with the help of turbine. The mechanical energy is fed to
the generator where the magnets rotate inside a set of stator winding & thus
electricity is produced. In India 65% of total power is generated by thermal
power stations. To understand the working of the thermal power station
plant, we can divide the whole process into following parts:





COAL FLOW:

In coal fired plants, raw materials are air &water. In GNDTP, coal is
transported through railway wagons from m\s. coal India & is kept reserved
on a buffer stock. The brought out to the station is unloaded with the help of
wagon tippler. After unloading, the coal is sent to crusher house with the
help of conveyor belts. The coal which is now reduced to very small pieces
is sent to the coal bunkers with the help of conveyor belt .The raw coal is fed
to coal mills through raw coal feeders. Raw coal feeders basically regulate
raw coal to pulverize mill. The raw coal is fed to the furnace with the help of
primary fan through pulverized coal pipes. A portion of the primary air is



Heated utilizing the heat of the flue gases & then mixed with the cold air as
per requirement by the pulverized coal. Normally the temp. is maintained at
60 to 70 degrees. The coal is now burnt in the furnace using oil in the
beginning, showered through the nozzles at different elevations in the
furnace. To provide air for combustion, the heat of the flue gases also heat, if
the heat produced due to combustion is utilized for the conversion of water
into steam. This water is stored in the boiler drum. There are two sets of
pipes attached to the drum, one called riser & other known as down corner
through which the water comes to the ring header & steam moves up due to
the density difference of water & steam. This steam is super heated using
super heaters & meanwhile the flue gases are through out in the atmosphere
through chimney.



2. STEAM FLOW:

The super heated steam is sent to the turbine through pipelines. There
are three turbines in the units, using this steam at different temp & pressures.
After passing through high pressure turbine the steam is send to the reheater
for raising the temp. Of the steam after reheating the steam is sent to the
intermediate pressure turbine through reheated line. Here it losses most of its
temp. & pressure, & finally sent to low pressure turbine. The use of three
different turbines helps in increasing the efficiency of the Plant. The turbine
in turn connecting with a generator produces electricity. Then this electricity
is step up to 220 Kv with the help of step up transformer & supplied to
various substations/grids.
Meanwhile, the steam through low pressure (L.P.) turbine is condensed and
the condensed water is stored in hot well.


3. WATER FLOW:

The condensed water is extracted from the hot well through condensate
extraction pumps & sent to the boiler drum with the help of boiler feed
pump (B.F.P.) before passing through low pressure heater and deaerator.
While loss in water is make up from C.S. tank, which have D.M. door in it.
The C.S tank is directly connected to hot well.

The water used in condenser is sent to cooling tower for cooling. After
cooling this water is again sent to condenser with the help of Acirculating
water pump. The loss is making from raw water pump house through
clarifier pump house.














EXPLANATION OF LAYOUT DIAGRAM




1 WAGON TIPPLER:-

The coal may be transported to the plant site by rail wagons. The coal is
unloaded at the plant site mechanically by means of wagon tipplers. The
loaded wagon is emptied by tippling it in the underground coal hopper
from where the coal is carried by belt conveyer to the crusher house.


2.CRUSHER:


Coal unloaded by wagon tippler is carried to crusher house conveyors
for crushing. Here the coal is crushed to a size of 20mm.the crushed coal
is then supplied to boiler raw coal bunkers. The surpluse coal is carried to
coal storage area by means of belt conveyors. Crushing of coal is
essential for its optimum pulverizing and safe storage.


3 COAL MILLS:

In it small pieces of coal are converted into pulverized form. They are 6
in number.


4. FURNACE:-

It is the chamber in which fuel burns & fire blows. In addition it provides
support and enclosures for the combustion equipments i.e burners.


5.BOILER DRUM:-

A steam generator or a boiler is a combination of systems and
equipment in which the chemical energy of fossil fuels is converted into
thermal energy which is then transferred to a working fluid so as to
convert it into steam at high pressure and temperature. This high pressure
and temperature steam is then used for the development of power in a
turbine.


6.ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR:-

In this we have electrodes which attracts fly ash and extract it from flue
gases so that it can not enter atmosphere.


7 CHIMNEY:-

The flue gases from the boiler after removal of the fly ash in the
precipitators,are let off to atmosphere through boiler chimney.


8. TURBINE:-Turbine is the part which revolves due to steam pressure.
It is of three types:

a).HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE

b).INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE.

c).LOW PRESSURE TURBINE.





9. TURBOGENERATOR:-It is the main machine which produces 110
mw electricity. It is H2(hydrogen) gas cooled. Therefore it is contained in
cylindrical chamber.


10.CONDENSER:- It condense steam coming from low pressure
turbine(L.P.T.) to hot water. By removing air and other non-condensable
gases from steam while passing through them.







11.COOLING WATER (C.W.) PUMP :- This pump send water from
cooling tower to condenser.


12.COOLING TOWER:- It is used to cool the water its height is near
about 143.5 mtr. The hot water is led to the tower top and falls down
through the tower and is broken into small particles while passing over
the baffling devices. Air enters the tower from the bottom and flow
upwards. The air vapourises a small percentage of water, thereby cooling
water falls down into tank below the tower from where it is pumped to
the condenser and cycle is repeated.


13.RAW WATER PUMP HOUSE :- It supplies raw water to the boiler.


14.CLEARIFIER PUMP HOUSE:-The water from raw is clear at
clarifier by putting alum in it & filtering it & then supplied to the
condenser.


15.CONDENSATE EXTRACTION PUMP:- C.E.P.Pump is used to
extract the condense water from the hot well and supply to the deaerator
after passing through L.P. Heater& economiser, so that high pressure
steam in the cylinder can be created.


16.LOW PRESSURE HEATER:- It is used to increase the temperature
of water, in this way efficiency of system increases.






17.DEAREATER:- It is used to remove air from water, which is
entrapped in the water molecules. It very important part because the
entrapped air effect air drum badly.


18.BOILER FEED PUMP(B.F.P.):- It is the heaviest drive in the plant
& supply water to boiler drum from deaerator.


19.HIGH PRESSURE HEATER(H.P.):- In this temperature of water
increases, thus efficiency further increases.


20. ECONOMISER:- In this flue gases exchange heat to the water to
increase system efficiency, causes saving in fuel consumption(5 to 10%).
Economiser tubes are made up of steel either smooth or covered with fins
to increase the heat transfer surface area.





























6.6 KV CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is a device which:-

1 Makes or breaks a circuit either manually or by remote control under
normal conditions.
2 Breaks a circuit automatically under fault conditions.

Thus a circuit breaker is just a switch which can be operated under
normal & abnormal conditions both automatic or manually. To perform this
operation, a circuit breaker is essential consisting of fixed and moving
contacts called electrodes. When a fault occurs on power system, the trip coil
of circuit breakers energized which pulls apart moving contacts, thus open
the circuit dc supply is used for the operation of circuit breaker. On the basis
of medium used for extinction the circuit breaker are classified as:

1 OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2 AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER
3 SULPHER HEXAFLURID CIRCUIT BREAKER.

Oil circuit breaker
It is well known that when a circuit carrying a large current is broken, an arc
occurs at that point where the contacts are separate; the arching is specially
severe when high voltages are involved and if a short circuit occurs on a
high voltage cable which is supplied from large power station. The arc
would be powerful to bridge the contacts of the switch and destroy it by
burning. The device is employed as an oil breaker. An oil breaker posses
the property of always breaking an alternative current at its zero value.

These switches are suitable for a maximum voltage of 6.6 kv. The contacts
of these switches, which break high tension circuit, are immersed in oil to
ensure rapid & effective rapture of the circuit. When the arc occurs, the oil in
its path is vaporized and the gas thereby generated extract a pressure on the
surrounding oil. This pressure is utilized in arc controlled devices to cause a
movement of fresh cool oil across the path of the arc, thereby efficiently
assisting its interruption.

Pictorial diagram:




AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER

All air blast circuit breaker requires an auxiliary compressed air system
which supplies air to the breaker air receiver. When opening is required,
compressed air is admitted to the arc extinction chamber. It pushes away the
moving contacts. In doing so the contacts are separated and the air blast
takes away the ionized gases along with it and assists arc extinction. Air
blast circuit breaker extinguishes the arc. Within one or two cycle and arc
chamber is filled with a high pressure air, which prevents restrike.

SULPHER HEXAFLURID CIRCUIT BREAKER

In SF6 Circuit breaker SF6 gas is blown axially along the arc. The
heat is removed from the arc by axial convection and radial dissipation.
Consequently, the arc diameter reduces during the decreasing node of the
current wave. The diameter becomes small during current zero. Turbulent
flow is introduced around current zero for extinguish the arc. The above
diagram show the layout diag of SF6 circuit breaker.

.












MOTORS:-
HIGH TENSION MOTOR :

1 CIRCULATING WATER(C.W.P.) PUMP MOTORS:-
FUNCTION:- C.W. pump is used to circulate cooling water to the
condensers so that low pressure steam in the cylinder can be converted
into water.

2 CONDENSATE EXTRATION PUMP(C.E.P.) PUMP MOTOR:-
FUNCTION:-C.E.P. pump is used to extract the condense water from the
hot ll and supply to the deaerator after passing through L.P. Heater&
economiser, so that high pressure steam in the cylinder can be created.


3.BOILER FEED PUMP(B.F.P.) MOTOR:-
FUNCTION:-Its function is to supply the water to the boiler drum. It
takes water from the deaerator by creating strong suction. It is the biggest
motor in the plant.

4.COAL MILL MOTOR:-
FUNCTIONS:- Its function is to grind the coal pieces to fine powder
(pulverized) form i.e. upto size of 25 micron.

5 PRIMARY AIR FAN MOTOR:-
FUNCTION:- Its function is to carry pulverized coal from the coal mill
to the furnace for its ignition. It creates strong draft of air that carries
pulverized coal.

7). FORCE DRAUGHT (F.D.) FAN MOTOR:-
FUNCTION:-F.D. fan is used to supply fresh air to the furnace for the
proper ignition of coal into the furnace.

8). INDUCED DRAFT (I.D.) FAN:-
FUNCTION:-Its function is to discharge flue gases to the atmosphere
through the chimney after passing through the precipitation.



LOW TENSION MOTOR

1. B.C.W. DRAIN MOTOR:-
FUNCTION:-IT PUMP THE B.C. WATER TO THE PUMP.

2. SEAL WATER PUMP MOTOR:-
FUNCTION It provides a layer of water to the lower position of boiler
in order to seal it from the entry of atmospheric air.

3.SEAL WATER VAPOUR EXHAUST FAN :-
FUNCTION- It prevents the entry of air bubbles in the turbine cylinder
by providing the opposite push.

4. CENTIFUGE PUMP MOTOR
FUNCTION To centrifuge the vapour that enters by change in turbine
an remove them.

5 ASH SULRRY PUMP MOTOR:
FUNCTION To pump ash slurry to the ash disposal area.

6. EMERGENCY OIL PUMP(A.C):
FUNCTION To provide oil to the shaft and bearing of the turbine if
seal oil pump and taking oil pump fails.

7. RAW WATER MOTOR PUMP:
FUNCTION- It is use to pump raw water from the lake to the plant.

8. INSTRUMENT AIR COMPRESSOR:-
FUNCTION- It is used to compress the air used to control pneumatic
controlled instruments at pressure 6 to 7 kg/cm cube.

9. SERVICE AIR COMPRESSOR:-
FUNCTION- Its function is similar to instrument air compressor.

10.CLARIFIER WATER PUMP MOTOR-
FUNCTION- It pump the filtered water from clarifier to D.M. water
treatment plant.



TRANSFORMERS


The transformer is the most convenient & economical device for transfer of
power from one voltage to another voltage at the same frequency. It works
on the principle of electromagnetic induction. There is hardly any
installation without a transformer. Due to this equipment, it has been
possible to transmit bulk power to load centers from far off power houses
and to various machineries and switchgears of the power plant. Transformers
are of two types:-

#STEP-UP TRANSFORMER - which step-up the voltage at secondary side
called step-up transformer.

#STEP-DOWN TRNSFORMER- which step-down the voltage at secondary
side are called step-down transformer.

MAIN PARTS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

# PRIMARY WINDING
# SECONDRY WINDING
# OIL TANK
# DRAIN COKE
# CONSERVATOR
# BRETHER
# TUBES FOR COOLING
# TRNSFORMER OIL
# EARTH POINT
# EXPLOSION VENTS
# TEMPERATURE GAUGE
# BUCHHOLZ RELAY
# PRIMARY TERMINALS
# SECONDARY TERMINALS






SOME ACCESSORIES OF TRANSFORMERS ARE
DESCRIBED BELOW:-


1.OIL CONSERVATOR:-

Oil conservator is a short of drum mounted on the
top of transformer. A level indicator is fixed to it, which gives alarm at low
level. Conservator is connected through a pipe to the transformer tank
containing oil. This oil expands & contract depending upon the heat
produced & so the oil level in conservator is left open to the atmosphere
through a breather so that the extra air may go out or come in.


2. BREATHER:

The breather is a box containing calcium chloride or silica
gel to absorb moisture of our entering the conservator as it is well known
fact that the insulating property of the transformers oil is lost if a small
amount of moisture enter in it. So dry air is allowed to pass through the
breather.
When oil level in oil conservator changes, air moves in &
out of the conservator. This action is known as breathing. Dry silica gel is of
the blue color. It turns pale pink as it absorbs moisture. The wet silica gel
can be regenerated by drying.


3.BUCHHOLZ RELAY:-

This relay is a gas-actuated relay which is meant for
the protecting of oil immersed transformer from insulation failure, core
heating or any type of internal fault which may cause the heating of oil
beyond the specified temp.. Due to any internal fault, oil is heated up & oil
vapours so formed causes either the alarm circuit(for less fault) or trip the
circuit(for sever fault).



4.EXPLOSION VENT:-

It is also a safety device of the transformer which
protects the transformer tank from gases induced by & any type of short
circuit in the transformer. This consists of a vertical pipe closed by a
diapharm made of thin bakelite sheet. This diapharm burst or slides out in
case of abnormal pressure inside the tank. A diverter plate is used at the
bottom of the explosion vent to ensure that gases produce inside the
transformer are directed toward the buchholz relay & dont get collected
inside the ventilation and equalize the pressure on each side of the diverter
plate.


5. TEMP. INDICATOR:-

It is also a protective device fitted to the transformer to indicate temp.of
transformer oil. For measuring temp. Of the oil, bulb of the vapour pressure
type thermometer is placed in the hot oil & dial of the thermometer is
mounted outside the tank. Two indicating pointers black and red are
provided. Alarm contacts are also provided which come into action when
predetermined permissible higher temperature is reached under abnormal
operating conditions.


6. BUSHING:

The bushing serves as supports and insulation of the bus bars and
transformer terminal. The bushing consists of porcelain shell body, upper
and lower locating washer used for fixing the position of bush bar and
mounting flange with the hole drilled for fixing bolt and it is supplied with
an earthing bolt.


7.MAGANETIC OIL GAUGE:-

The magnetic oil level gauge supervises the level of oil in the conservator
tank. The oil level gauge is provided on the transformer are of dial type with
minimum and maximum level marking and a pointer which indicate the
level of oil in the conservator. Sometime the scale is also graduated for oil
temperature on the basis of its level.


8.TAP CHANGER:
The voltage control of transmission
And a distribution system is obtained by tap changer. Tap changer are either
on load or off load tap changer. Tap changer is fitted with the transformer
for adjusting secondary voltage.















IMPORTANT TRANSFORMERS IN THE PLANT


1. GENERATOR TRANSFORMER ( 11KV/220 KV)

It converts 11 kv to 220 kv which is supplied from generator to 220kv and
supplied it to the bus bar/ grid.




2.STATION SERVICE TRANSFORMER (40MVA, 220KV/7KV)

It converts 220kv which is coming to station from BBMB to 7kv and fed to
station auxiliary.



3. UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER ( 11KV/6.6KV)

It converts 11kv which is supplied from generator and step down to 6.6kv to
fed unit auxiliary. The unit auxiliary transformers are of two in no.






The above three transformers are main transformers use in the plant. And
special care is taken for the safety of the transformer. Time to time various
tests is done for the safety of transformer.







SWITCHYARD COMPONENTS


1.SWITCH-GEAR-

Switch gear is a control switch that
Control the operation of a power circuit. The two function of a switch in
power systems are
I). To permit the transmission lines to be convenient put into and taken out
from service.
Ii). To disable the some plant and lines when these become faulty, to be
rapidly and safely isolated by automatic means.

The first of these can be served by relatively simple switches the
second however require circuit breakers, which are more robust & capable of
breaking the large value of fault power that results in faults on major power
system. Since all plants and lines are liable to develop faults as results of
mechanical damage, electrical breakdown, errors in operation etc. The
simple isolators switch in favour of automatic circuit breakers even for
switching function. The whole switchgear assembly consists of two parts:-

1. PANEL- Panel consists of protective relays, mounting of potential
transformer, current transformer, ammeter, voltmeter & energy meter. The
potential transformer is mounted on the panel. The primary is connected to
11kv & the reduce voltage from the secondary is given to energy meter as
line voltages & for protective purposes.


2.TROLLY- The trolley consists of current carrying contacts called
electrodes. These are normally engaged but in predetermined conditions,
separate to interrupt the circuit, when the contacts are made.









BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT

Conductors to which a number of circuits are connected called bus bars. In
power plants, shut down results disconnection of supply to a large area.
Hence to avoid shut down the major plants should have elaborate bus bar
arrangement with duplicate buses, alternative supply arrangement section
etc. the extra high voltage equipments such as isolators, circuit breaker are
generally costly hence unnecessary equipment should not be provided.

SINGLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT:-
The single arrangement consists of a single (three phase) bus bar to
which various feeders are connected. In case of fault or maintenance of
bus, the entire bus bar has to be de-energized and the total shutdown
results. This scheme is most economical and simple.

DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT:-
The double bus systems provide additional flexibility, continuity of
supply and permit periodic maintenance. In the event of fault on the
bus bar the other can be used the figure shows to the bus bar
arrangement. There are two buses called main bus and reserve bus.
The coupler can be closed so as to connect two buses while
transferring the power to the reserve bus.

Closed bus coupler, the two buses are now at same potential.
Closed isolator on reserve bus.
Open isolator on main bus.













LIGHTING ARRESTER


A lighting arrester is device, which proves low impedance path for the
flow of current between the line and earth when the systems voltage
increases more than the desire value and regains its original properties of an
insulator at normal voltage. It is connected between line and earth at the
switch yard near the transformer.

The lighting arresters are extensively used for protection of
transformers, switch gears and electrical equipments of over head lines,
power houses and sub-station . These are also use to protect the line and
equipments from sky lighting.







TURBO GENERATOR

GENERAL:- Modern features of direct cooling by water & hydrogen are
incorporated in the turbo generator, thus evolve an economical & reliable
design. The machine is provided with a fast acting excitation system &
dependable auxiliary service to give prolonged trouble free operation over
the years. All the material that goes into the manufacture of this machine
subjected to various test as per national & international standards. Each
component undergoes series of stage wise tests. Description of various parts
is given below:-





1. STATOR WINDING AND INSULATION:- The stator has a three
phase, double layer, short chorded, bar type winding, having two parallel
pats . Each coil side consists of glass insulated solid and hollow conductors
with cooling water passing through the patter. The elementary conductors
are rebel transposed in the slot portion of winding to minimize eddy current
losses.

Adequate protection is provided to avoid corona & other discharges. In the
slots, the sides are firmly held in the position by fibrous slot wages, which
are mechanically strong and have high dielectric properties. The overhang
portion of the coil is securely lashed with glass chord to bondage rings&
special buckets of non magnetic steel, which are in turn, fixed to the core
press rings. On short circuits the forces between the conductor tend to open
the cone formed by overhang portion of the coils, but the movement is
effectively presented by supports & lashings.


2. DISTILLATE HEADERS OR STATOR WATER HEADER: -

ring type water heads, made of copper are provided separately for distillate
inlet & outlet in the stator on turbine side. The headers are supported on
insulators and isolated from stator body. The winding ends are solidly
soldered into the coil lugs which are than ultrasonically tested. Individual
bars are provided with water inlet/outlet connections made of P.T.F.E.
houses. The bar heads are insulated by fiber molded corners. The winding
scheme along with the water connections. The complete water path assembly
is subjected to the rigid hydrolytic pneumatic tests at various stages to
ensure water tightness and to detect blocking of the flows paths.


3. TERMINAL BUSHINGS:-

Water cooled terminal bushings are housed in the lower part of the stator on
the slip ring side. Porcelain insulators are provided to insulate the terminal
bars from the stator body. Effective sealing is provided between the terminal
bushing and the stator body to avoid any possibility of leakage of hydrogen.
Terminal bushing is housed inside a chamber made of non magnetic steel
plates. Three phase terminals are brought out to facilitate external
connections. The terminal plate of the end terminals, where bus bar
connections are made is silver plated.
The terminal bushings can be replaced without removing the stator from
foundation. Provision is made for fixing the external bus ducts with the
terminal plate.


4. ROTOR: -

The rotor is of cylindrical type shaft and body being forged in one piece
from chromium, nickel, molybdenum & vanadium steel. Prior to matching, a
series of comprehensive ultrasonic examination and other tests are carried
out on rotor body and shaft portion to ensure of any internal defects. The
rotor with all the details assembled, dynamically balanced to a high degree
of accuracy and subjected to 20% over speeding for 2 minutes ensuring
mechanical strength.



5. FIELD WINDING:-

The field winding is made from hard drawn silver bearing copper. Rotor
winding is held in position against centrifugal forces by duralium forces
wedges in the slot portion & by non magnetic steel retaining rings in the
over hang portion. Gap pick up system is employed for direct hydrogen
cooling of rotor winding. Several groups of ventilation ducts are mulled on
the sides of the rotor coil for gas passage. The rotor slot wedges are of
special profiles with elliptical holes rolled in to match the ventilation ducts
on the winding stacks. The end windings are insulated from rings with the
help of glass epoxy molded segments. Copper segmental type damper
winding is provided in the end zone of rotor to prevent over heating of
returning ring s during asymmetrical & asynchronous operation.






6. SHAFT MOUNTED FANS:-

For circulating the cooling gas inside the generator, two propeller type fans
are shaft mounted on this & of rotor body. Fan hubs are made from alloy
steel forging and are hot fitted on the rotor shaft with sufficient interference.
The alloy steel cast fan blades are machined in the tail portion to suit the fan
hub and held in position with the help of conical pins. The blades can be
easily removed from or assembled in the fan hub. Fan shields fixed to the
end shields, guide the flow of gas through the fan sections.


7. SLIP RINGS:-

The slip ring consists of helically grooved alloy steel rings shrunk on the
rotor shaft & insulated from it. For convenience in assembly both the rings
are mounted on a single, common steel bush, which has an insulated jacket
pre molded on it. The complete bush with slip ring is shrunk on the rotor
shafts. The slip rings are provided with inclined holes for self-ventilation.
The helical groove cut on the outer surface of the slip rings improves brush
performance