1.Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or
benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain. nswer glucose molecule contains !i"e #$% groups while a sucrose molecule contains eight #$% groups. &hus' glucose and sucrose undergo extensi"e %(bonding with water. %ence' these are soluble in water. But cyclohexane and benzene do not contain #$% groups. %ence' they cannot undergo %(bonding with water and as a result' are insoluble in water. )hat are the expected products o! hydrolysis o! lactose* nswer+actose is composed o! ,(- galactose and ,(- glucose. &hus' on hydrolysis' it gi"es ,(- galactose and ,(- glucose. ..)here does the water present in the egg go a!ter boiling the egg* nswer )hen an egg is boiled' the proteins present inside the egg get denatured and coagulate. !ter boiling the egg' the water present in it is absorbed by the coagulated protein through %(bonding. /.)hy cannot "itamin C be stored in our body* nswer 0itamin C cannot be stored in our body because it is water soluble. s a result' it is readily excreted in the urine. 1.)hat products would be !ormed when a nucleotide !rom -2 containing thymine is hydrolysed* nswer)hen a nucleotide !rom the -2 containing thymine is hydrolyzed' thymine ,(-(.(deoxyribose and phosphoric acid are obtained as products. 3.)hen 42 is hydrolysed' there is no relationship among the 5uantities o! di!!erent bases )hat does this !act suggest about the structure o! 42* nswer -2 molecule is double stranded in which the pairing o! bases occurs. denine always pairs with thymine' while cytosine always pairs with guanine. &here!ore' on hydrolysis o! -2' the 5uantity o! adenine produced is e5ual to that o! thymine and similarly' the 5uantity o! cytosine is e5ual to that o! guanine. But when 42 is hydrolyzed' there is no relationship among the 5uantities o! the di!!erent bases obtained. %ence' 42 is single stranded. 6.)hat are reducing sugars* nswer 4educing sugars are carbohydrates that reduce 7ehling8s solution and &ollen8s reagent. ll monosaccharides and disaccharides' excluding sucrose' are reducing sugars. 9.)rite two main !unctions o! carbohydrates in plants. nswer &wo main !unctions o! carbohydrates in plants are: (i) ;olysaccharides such as starch ser"e as storage molecules. (ii) Cellulose' a polysaccharide' is used to build the cell wall. <.)hat do you understand by the term glycosidic lin=age* nswer Glycosidic lin=age re!ers to the lin=age !ormed between two monosaccharide units through an oxygen atom by the loss o! a water molecule. 7or example' in a sucrose molecule' two monosaccharide units' (glucose and ,(!ructose' are >oined together by a glycosidic lin=age. ?.Enumerate the reactions o! -(glucose which cannot be explained by its open chain
1@.)hat are essential and nonessential amino acids* Gi"e two examples o! each type. nswer Essential amino acids are re5uired by the human body' but they cannot be synthesised in the body. &hey must be ta=en through !ood. 7or example: "aline and leucine 2on(essential amino acids are also re5uired by the human body' but they can be synthesised in the body. 7or example: glycine' and alanine 11.-e!ine the !ollowing as related to proteins (i);eptide lin=age (ii);rimary structure (iii)-enaturation. nswer(i) ;eptide lin=age:&he amide !ormed between #C$$% group o! one molecule o! an amino acid and #2%.group o! another molecule o! the amino acid by the elimination o! a water molecule is called a peptide lin=age. (ii) ;rimary structure:&he primary structure o! protein re!ers to the speci!ic se5uence in which "arious amino acids are present in it' i.e.' the se5uence o! lin=ages between amino acids in a polypeptide chain. &he se5uence in which amino acids are arranged is di!!erent in each protein. change in the se5uence creates a di!!erent protein. (iii) -enaturation: An a biological system' a protein is !ound to ha"e a uni5ue/dimensional structure and a uni5ue biological acti"ity. An such a situation' the protein is called nati"e protein. %owe"er' when the nati"e protein is sub>ected to physical changes such as change in temperature or chemical changes such as change in p%' its %(bonds are disturbed. &his disturbance un!olds the globules and uncoils the helix. s a result' the protein loses its biological acti"ity. &his loss o! biological acti"ity by the protein is called denaturation. -uring denaturation' the secondary and the tertiary structures o! the protein get destroyed' but the primary structure remains unaltered. $ne o! the examples o! denaturation o! proteins is the coagulation o! egg white when an egg is boiled.