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AN SP GUIDE P U B L I C AT I O N

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1964-2009

role Inse
“Substantial fleet

in rt
SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS
augmentation is our
WIDENING
prime objective to ensure H O R I Z O N S . . .
adequate security.”
—Vice Admiral Anil
Chopra, AVSM, NM,
Director General Indian
Coast Guard
2008 4 Page 8

2009
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2009
2008

Navies of the world


have taken note
of the capabilities
��������������� and utility of
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environment.
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4/20/09 3:20:57 PM

The Indian Navy


������� commenced UAV
operations as far October-November 2009 ▸ Vol 4 No 5
“The armed forces must be fully equipped
to deal with all threat scenarios... trained to back as 2002.
Rs 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) www.spsnavalforces.net
fight anywhere, anytime and under any con-
ditions. Their ability to deal with non-tradi-
3Page 9
tional threats must receive greater attention.”
—Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh,
addressing the Combined Commanders’
Conference on October 20
Conventional Subm arine s

Indo-Russian
���������

JAYANT
defence ties
BARANWAL
are looking
up follow- MANAGING
ing Defence EDITOR &
Minister A.K. PUBLISHER
Antony’s
visit to
Moscow dur-
ing October
to attend
the ninth
conclave of the India-Russia Inter
Governmental Commission on Military
Technical Cooperation. Decks have been
cleared to extend the Military Technical
Cooperation for 10 years from 2011 to
2020 and the After-Sales Product Support
for Defence Equipment of Russian origin.
Both the pacts will be inked when Prime
Minister Dr Manmohan Singh visits Russia in
December. However, the price of aircraft car-
rier Admiral Gorshkov is yet to be finalised.
Indo-US defence ties are also looking
up with orders worth $3.5 billion (Rs 16,440
crore) of military hardware placed last year.
India’s Ambassador to the US Meera Shankar
is optimistic about the future with the Indo-US
defence cooperation meet at defence secre-
tary level to be hosted by Delhi in November.

FUTURE
The good news for the navy is the appoint-
ment of former Naval Chief Admiral Sureesh
Mehta as India’s High Commissioner to New
Zealand. This issue opens with the interview
of Vice Admiral Anil Chopra, DG Indian Coast
Guard where he unfurls the coast guard’s

TRENDS
vision and plans to provide effective coastal
security. He also maps the route that coast
guard will take for future growth.
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) is a com-
plex subject and, underlining its significance,
the article quotes the former Chief of Naval The performance of the AIP
Operations, US Navy, Admiral Johnson, “ASW system on Type U-214s has
Photograph: HDW

embodies the essence of sea control, which in further been enhanced by two
turn remains the foundation for global power Siemens PEM fuel cells, which
projection.” In the critique on brown water produce 120kw per module
navy, the author argues that although blue
water navy has been on the wish list of all the Endurance of a conventional submarine being an important limiting factor,
navies, littoral warfare and coastal security
has triggered a rethink of having suitable sys- R&D in the field of submarine propulsion systems dominates the future trends in
tems for such a role. Then there is an article
on the role and employment of Unmanned
conventional submarines
Aerial Vehicles in the navy. News Digest and
appointments, as always, wrap up the issue. LIEUTENANT COMMANDER AMIT SOOD

T
hough various types of sub- in submarine technology like snorkel for features to modern day weapons.
marines were developed over charging batteries at periscope depth, HF Conventional diesel-electric submarines
a period of time, submarines Communication, Radar, Sonar, Direction need to rise to periscope depth periodi-
truly proved their worth during Finding systems, high performance batter- cally to recharge their batteries by using
the Second World War, and emerged as ies, and so on influenced submarine tactics generators driven by air breathing diesel
one of the most potent and stealthy naval and their effectiveness. After the Second engines, making them indiscrete. During
platforms. The U-boat menace forced the World War, research and development in this evolution, submarines are most vulner-
JAYANT BARANWAL affected forces to employ tactics to coun- submarine technology continued in various able to detection by enemy forces. The
PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ter the deadly threat. Many developments spheres ranging from propulsion, design quest to overcome this inherent vulner-

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 5/2009 1


Spotlight on
Operations

UAVs

Photograph: www.northropgrumman.com
With advances in computing technology and
artificial intelligence, the level of autonomy
possible with UAVs will continue to increase,
permitting further reductions in training,
manning and support requirements MQ-8B Navy Fire Scout

CA P TA I N R O H I T G U P TA

U
nmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
have been around for a very long
time. In the 19th century, balloons
and kites were used to carry
ordnance and cameras to support military
operations. Although the UAV technology saw
sporadic development throughout the 20th
century, it wasn’t until the last decade of the
century that UAVs earned due recognition
and, consequently, a permanent place in the
military arsenal. This occurred as a conse-
quence of the significant contribution made
by UAVs, such as the Predator, Hunter and
Pioneer in the Gulf Wars, Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq
and Afghanistan. UAVs today fulfill the require-
ments of a large number of roles earlier the
preserve of manned aircraft. They undertake
reconnaissance, surveillance, intelligence and,
of late, even weapon delivery.
The UAV has emerged as one of the most
important military developments of the 20th
century. It combines the advantages of aerial
platforms, such as speed, flexibility and reach,
with those of unmanned platforms, such as
lower cost and higher risk employability, afford-
ing the military commander unprecedented
operational flexibility. Imbued with a host of
capabilities, the UAV possesses that make it
ideally suited for military operations. Its endur-
ance is significantly greater than manned
aerial platforms both as a result of the absence
of the limiting human factor and incorpora-
tion of high endurance aerodynamic designs.
In addition to the benefit of lower initial cost,
even the operating cost of UAVs is significantly
lower than that of a manned aircraft largely
as a result of reduced support requirements.
Greater risk can be accepted in its employ-
ment as a consequence of it being unmanned
and due to lower costs. With advances in com-
puting technology and artificial intelligence,
the level of autonomy possible with UAVs will
continue to increase, permitting further reduc-
tions in training, manning and support require-
ments. UAVs can operate at heights greater
than 50,000 ft for sustained durations with
attendant operational benefits, something that
manned aircraft were unable to do as a conse-
quence of human limitations. Their ability to be
remotely controlled and operated, separated
by thousands of miles from the operational
location, permits their forward deployment with
minimal logistic support. They can also be
operated in ‘dirty’ (nuclear contaminated) envi-
ronments with greater ease than manned plat-
forms as they can be tightly sealed and would
not require to be opened for decontamination
of the cockpit whilst changing crew.

Employment in the Navy


Navies of the world have taken note of the
capabilities and utility of UAVs in the naval
environment. Considering the strengths of this
platform, these are being inducted to for roles
in intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance
(ISR), targeting, strike and combat support
whilst operating from land and naval platforms.
Surveillance and Reconnaissance: With
the increasing use of the medium of sea for

Continued on page 12

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 5/2009 9


Show Report

Overwhelming response
Four packed business days drew visitors from across UK and all over
world to the event held in London

S P ’s R E S E A R C H T E A M

T
he world’s largest fully BAE’s Helmet-mounted displays: The MICROCAM uses a full third less
integrated defence UK Ministry of Defence has placed the than its nearest competitor and
and security exhibi- first order for a new generation of hel- can be easily integrated into
tion, Defence Systems met-mounted displays developed by BAE any handheld, portable, UAV,
and Equipment International (DSEi) 2009 Systems. The Royal Navy will purchase night vision or sighting systems
served as an ideal platform for senior inter- 12 remote sighting systems incorporating product.
national trade and military experts from BAE Systems’ Q-Sight display, for its Lynx Blighter ground surveillance
across the supply chain to interact in an Mk8 helicopters. “Q-Sight makes aviators radars of Plextek: Plextek
optimal business environment. It provided more effective in many situations, includ- announced a number of impor-
one-on-one opportunities to share ideas, ing degraded visual environments such as tant performance enhancements
discuss industry developments, conduct brown-out conditions,” said Jim Garceau, to its range of Blighter ground
business and network for future growth. Vice President of Defense Avionics for BAE surveillance radars, including
Visitors came from UK and all over the Systems. “Its lightweight design increases significantly extended detection
world to experience first-hand the latest pilot comfort, and its wide field of view ranges and support for wider
land, air and sea capabilities of more than enables pilots to keep their heads up and scan angles as well as introduc-
1,350 companies from 40 countries over four eyes out of the cockpit while performing ing its new Vortex Fast-Scan
packed business days. This year, SP Guide their missions. Q-Sight also provides impor- technology. These new features
Publications was represented at the event tant capabilities to other crew members, further enhance the radar’s
Micro-CoMPASS
held in London from September 8 to 11 by including door gunners and loadmasters.” capability to deliver class-lead-
Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal and Director BAE Systems announced the inaugural ing ‘Persistent Surveillance’,
Sales and Marketing Neetu Dhulia. order at a media briefing at DSEi 2009. offering unrivalled protection
Elbit’s Micro Multi-Purpose Advanced against both conventional and
NAVAL EQUIPMENT ON DISPLAY Stabilised System: The Micro-CoMPASSTM asymmetric threats. The radar’s
Thales: Thales launched the I-Mast 100, the is an 8” lightweight and compact payload scanning speed has been
integrated mast small, littoral combatants. system for small UAVs, airborne, marine and dramatically improved using
I-Mast 100 is a central mast structure that ground applications. It features excellent Blighter’s Vortex Fast-Scan
houses all of a ship’s radar and optronic stabilisation performance and high quality technology across the whole
sensors, most of the communication anten- day and night sensors. Sensors onboard Blighter range. These modes
nas and all associated cabinets and periph- include a Third Generation 3-5 μm FPA employ Plextek’s new multi-beam
erals. The advantages of this sensor con- zoom FLIR camera, a zoom colour CCD electronic-scanning technology,
cept are numerous: improved operational camera and a laser pointer. and maintain Blighter’s ability
performance, higher operational availability, Operation Vision-Anti-Piracy System to detect ultra-slow movement,
reduced ship-building time, reduced main- Demonstration: Systematic and its team Blighter B202 Radar something that mechanically
tenance requirements and substantial sav- comprising ITT Defence UK Ltd, Tactronics scanned radars cannot achieve.
ings in below-deck space. The I-Mast 100 Group Europe and Ultra Electronics gave In addition, the Blighter B400
concept has been validated before its for- an excellent re-enactment of the anti-piracy Series radars now feature new
mal introduction with numerous navies and operation conducted by HMDS Absalon range modes that extend detec-
shipyards around the world. I-Mast 100 is (flagship of the Danish Navy) off the coast tion ranges out to either 16 or
the second member of Thales’s I-Mast fam- of Somalia earlier this year. The Thames set 32 km. These radars, which are
ily. At present, the I-Mast 400 is being built the scene for a simulation of that boarding ideal for fixed or mobile applica-
at Thales’s Hengelo facility. The first system operation made by Systematic and other tions, can also be configured
is scheduled to be installed on the Royal selected companies. to detect a walking person in
Dutch Navy’s Holland class Patrol Ship at Systematic’s maritime security tech- excess of 10 km. Plextek is also
Photographs: www.el-op.com, www.plextek.com & www.atlanticinertial.com

the end of 2010. nology, SitaWare Maritime Boarding, has releasing the Blighter B202 Mk 2,
Northrop Grumman: Northrop Grumman already been tested and assessed by the a new lightweight and compact
Blighter B422 Radar (Blighter B400 series radars)
has displayed a cross-section of the com- Royal Danish Navy. It has been used on radar suited to man-portable and
pany’s defence and security solutions with the Danish battleship Absalon which led mobile applications. The B202
equipment, displays and presentations of Task Force 150 (a multinational coalition Mk 2 incorporates new features
technologies from across the UK, Europe naval task force responsible for the maritime including an 8 km capability,
and the US. Using a coastal protection security operations in the Middle East and enhanced antennas enabling an
scenario, the company demonstrated the the North Indian Ocean) from September impressive 90 degree electronic-
integration of naval systems and shipboard 2008 until April 2009. According to a Danish scan angle as well as the new
sensors, the creation of a common operating Newspaper, Absalon has been the most Vortex Fast-Scan technology.
picture for defence and civil command and successful warship in the Gulf of Aden, by The first silent diesel fuel cell
control systems. stopping 88 out of 250 pirates stopped, power generator: Nordic Power
Eagle Close Combat Radio (CCR): while the Danish Warship has been chas- Systems (NPS) showed the first
Cobham demonstrated its new Eagle CCR ing pirates This area, which constitutes an silent diesel fuel cell power gen-
which is a third generation, full duplex, ad- important passageway for international ship- erator (APU) of its kind. While
hoc networked radio specifically designed ping, is severely plagued by piracy attacks fuel cells normally is fuelled by
as a short range Infantry Section/Squad and the smuggling of arms, goods and Atlantic Inertial Systems’ SiIMU02 hydrogen, NPS has developed a
radio. It allows up to five talkers to speak people and therefore depends on efficient fully integrated generator (APU)
simultaneously in a conference mode, and patrolling. Furthermore, this technology was running on diesel. A prototype
provides a simultaneous encrypted voice in use on board the command ship Thetis chosen for the requirement, but dropped with 1 kW electric output was
and data capability, allowing complete flex- when it was in action off the coast of Somalia due to technical problems. The SiIMU02R is displayed. The system is virtually emission
ibility of use. Eagle incorporates an automat- Atlantic Inertial Systems delivers 1000th in service on a range of programmes includ- free apart from CO2, which is reduced sig-
ic rebroadcast facility which both extends Imu02 for Excalibur: AIS was selected to ing the A Darter,(Air-Air Missile), APKWS nificantly due to high efficiency. A separate
WWW.SPSNAVALFORCES.NET

its range and provides excellent coverage supply the Excalibur Inertial Measurement - 70mm (2.75 inch) Guided Rocket, and sulphur cleaning unit is under development
in urban areas. In recent months, Cobham
Defence Communications has secured sev-
Unit (IMU) following excellent performance
on the Raytheon-led ERGM US Navy course-
Roketsan,2.75 inch Guided Rocket. It is also
currently under consideration for a number To Read the
allowing the APU to be operated on high
sulphur diesel/JP 8. The uniqueness of the
eral orders of undisclosed value for nearly
10,000 Eagle CCRs from customers in the
Middle East, the Far East and Africa, with
corrected projectile project, since cancelled.
AIS recently delivered the thousandth
IMU02 and enters high rate production for
of international programmes

Interesting Developments
Complete Magazine
technology is the reforming of hydrocarbon
fuels to a hydrogen rich gas in combina-
tion with high temperature Proton exchange
further orders expected imminently. Eagle Excalibur. This unit was part of the first high Miniature thermal imager: Thermoteknix membrane fuel, also known as polymer
has also been incorporated within Cobham’s
Marine Interdiction Operations System, also
rate production batch of 200 per month for
Raytheon Missile Systems Excalibur preci-
has just launched the shutterless 384x288
25μ pitch MICROCAM module – a feath- - Visit -
electrolyte membrane fuel cells. It provides
silent watch functionality, high efficiency giv-
on display at DSEi, to provide improved
communications and situational awareness
sion guided missile system from a total
requirement for 2000 a year. The AIS IMU02
erweight 30g (1oz), miniature 4x4cm
(1.57x1.57 inch) thermal imager with www.spsnavalforces.net
ing reduced logistics costs and the option
to use the APU as a combined power and
for Boarding Party operations. replaces the Honeywell system originally a power consumption of <0.6 Watt. heating unit.

14 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 5/2009


www.spsnavalforces.net

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Follow us on Twitter Endurance of a conventional submarine being an important limiting


factor, R&D in the field of submarine propulsion systems dominates
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the future trends in conventional submarines TRENDS
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With advances in computing Vice Admiral Anil Chopra,
technology and artificial AVSM, NM, Director General
intelligence, the level of Indian Coast Guard in a
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autonomy possible with forthright interaction with SP’s


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UAVs will continue to Naval Forces delineates the


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increase, permitting further roles, responsibilities and


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reductions in training, goals of the force even as it


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manning and support enhances its capabilities to


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requirements address emerging threats


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Launch of SP’s Special upplement at


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the C4I2 Summit held in Delhi on


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Photos and Videos


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August 10 and 11 (Report on p9). Spotlight on UAVs CAPTAIN ROHIT GUPTA Interview
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foto: AER O NAUTI C A M I LITA R E - “ Tr oup e Azzur r a” .

G R E AT P E R F O R MANCES.

SMALL “ITEMS”.

DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC DEFENCE SYSTEMS.

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