RAZAK REPORT

Recommendations
1) BM and BI to be made compulsory for all primary and secondary schools
2) BI, BC and Tamil language to be the medium of instruction for all national-type schools
3) A central examination system common to all schools
4) Qualified primary and secondary teachers
5) Placement of all teachers under a common professional service
RAHMAN TALIB REPORT
Recommendations
1) Free primary school education
2) Automatic promotion until Form 3
3) Emphasis on moral education
4) Enhancement of vocational and technical education
5) Teaching of Islamic Education (pre-requisite at least 15 pupils)
6) Emphasis on teacher training programs
CABINET COMMITTEE REPORT (MAHATHIR REPORT)
Recommendations
1) Focus on the three basic skills 3M, reading, writing and arithmetic
2) Teaching of the English language as a second language
3) Secondary education to be divided into two streams, that is academic and vocational
4) Extension of educational opportunities from 9-11 years
5) Emphasis given for a sound spiritual education and other disciplines

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Education is defined as
a continuous process that nurtures the natural potentials of human beings from the intellectual,
behavioural, spiritual and physical aspects in an integrated and balanced manner so as to produce
righteous human beings who will bring goodness to this world and the hereafter.
GOALS
1) To shape and develop human beings to become knowledgeable, faithful and trustworthy,
righteous and noble Muslims
2) In addition to being responsible as god loving and god fearing followers and Caliphs of Allah
3) to produce human beings who are obedient to Allah, live in peace and harmony in society and so
enjoy tranquillity and protection in the hereafter.

Implications of Islamic Philosophy of Education towards Malaysia
1) More applicable to everyday life and expand the curriculum to reflect teaching of Islam as a way
of life
2) To mould education in the entire of situation
3) Shape ones attitude, character and moral of the students
4) train, change and educate Muslim students based on Islamic views
Implications of Eastern
1) The teachers are fully responsible in performing the effective lessons
2) The culture emphasizes on conformity, which stifles creative thinking
3) Students are more disciplined and have higher morality, as they often conform to rules and
religious teaching
Implications of Western Education Philosophy towards Malaysia
1) Stress on active learning among the students
2) encourage rational thinking
3) Students are encouraged to think and voice their views
4) Roles of students are recognised
5) Teachers play their role as a facilitator than the knowledge producer to the students
6) Students learn by understanding rather than memorising

FPK
Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals
in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually,
emotionally, and physically balanced and harmonic, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God.
Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent,
who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of
personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the harmony and betterment of the family,
the society and the nation at large.

Aim:
- Rationally clarify the current educational practices
- Facilitate the actions of trends of education in the future
Elements
1) Education is an on-going effort

- Edu is a process of acquiring and
transferring of knowledge, skills and
noble values

- The acquisition and transfer processes
are on-going starting from an early age
till death

- Early education is important in order to
shape the personality of young children
from the age of 1-6 years

- Upon completion of schooling, the
individual continues to enhance his
knowledge, skills and character

- Continuous education will assist the
individual to adapt to various types of
changes
2) Development of individual potentials

Every indvdual has been blessed by
God with hidden talents, potentials and
abilities
T,P and A should be tapped, nurtured,
developed and enhanced
TPA will surface through social
interaction with others and the
environment
Edu should offer the individual
opportunities to develop his TPA
3) Balanced and harmonic being

Balance of the 4 aspects, will produce
an individual who can live in harmony
with himself and others
- Intellectual (Knowledge)
- Emotional (good personality)
- Spiritual (Belief in God and good
character)
- Physical (Good health)
Resilience to face all of lifes challenges
and problems
4) Intellectual element o Possess 3M
o Always strives to acquire and develop
knowledge
o Possess creative, critical and reflective
thinking skills
5) Belief in and obedience to God

Admit the existence of God and accept
Him as the Creator of mankind and the
universe
Be aware that God determines natures
laws and phenomena
Be aware that every indvdual is fully
responsible for his deeds and actions
Practise all the teachings of the faith
professed
6) Knowledgeable Malaysian citizens

Love for knowledge
Strive to foster knowledge and reading
culture
Broad and open-minded

Implications
1) FPK is a constant guide and reference
2) The education fraternity needs to play an active role in ensuring the realisation of the FPK
3) Educators have to be aware that their tasks and responsibilities are not limited and confined to
knowledge and skills delivery per se.

FPG
Teachers who have a good personal well-being, progressive and scientifically-oriented, ready to
uphold the nations aspirations and preserve her cultural heritage, promises individual development
and maintains a united, democratic, progressive and disciplined society.

Elements of FPG

Personal well-being Good personality well-mannered,
disciplined, morally good
Progressive and scientifically-oriented Develop according to the present times
with due emphasis on science and
technology
Strive hard in order not to be left
behind professionally
ready to uphold the nations aspirations Comprehends fully the nations
aspirations
Endeavours to maximize contributions
in order to achieve nations aspirations
sustain nations cultural heritage o Appreciate our nations unique culture
o Foster a sense of pride with respect to
our diversified culture
o Nurture patriotism and love for the
country
promise individual development Teachers role in self-development and
pupils holistic development.