Sensors and Actuators A 214 (2014) 2530

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Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
j our na l h o mepage: www. el sevi er . com/ l ocat e/ sn a
High- and !iniaturi"ed co!#le!entary s#lit ring resonator-loaded

su$strate integrated %a&eguide !icro%a&e sensor 'or crac( detection
in !etallic !aterials
)aeh%a *un+ Sung,oon -i!

School o' .lectrical and .lectronics .ngineering+ /hung-Ang 0ni&ersity+ Seoul+ 1e#u$lic o' 2orea
a r t i c l e i n ' o a $ s t r a c t
Article history:
1ecei&ed 20 3o&e!$er 2013
1ecei&ed in re&ised 'or! 1 A#ril 2014
Acce#ted 2 A#ril 2014
A&aila$le online 13 A#ril 2014
2ey%ords:
3ondestructi&e testing (34))
Su$strate integrated %a&eguide (S56)
/o!#le!entary s#lit ring resonator (/S11)
7icro%a&e sensor
/rac( detection
5n this #a#er+ a high- and !iniaturi"ed co!#le!entary s#lit ring resonator (/S11)-loaded su$strate
integrated %a&eguide (S56) !icro%a&e sensor 'or the detection o' crac(s in !etallic !aterials is #re-
sented8 A S56 and /S11 %ith a high are used 'or achie&ing high sensiti&ity8 5n addition+ $y loading the
/S11 on the S56+ the sensor is !iniaturi"ed and can $e o#erated $elo% the cut-o'' 're9uency o' the S568
)he #ro#osed sensor e:hi$its a 're9uency shi't o' 220 7H" 'or a 100- ! crac( and ;00 7H" 'or a 1-!!
crac(8
< 2014 .lse&ier =8>8 All rights reser&ed8
18 5ntroduction
?atigue and corrosion o' !etal !aterials endanger !echani- cal syste!s
such as aircra't 'uselages+ energy #roduction #lants+ and steel $ridges8 Such
'atigue and corrosion can cause su$- !illi!eter-si"e crac(s or #its8 )hese
crac(s are di'cult to detect $ecause o' the si"e and coatings such as #aint+
co!#osite la!i- nates+ and #rotecti&e su$stances on the sur'aces o' the
!etallic !aterials8 Se&eral nondestructi&e testing (34)) techni9ues ha&e
$een de&elo#ed to detect the crac(s in !etal !aterials8 7ost o' the 34)
solutions are $ased on eddy currents @1A and ultrasound
@2A8 B&er the last 'e% years+ !any studies on crac( detection ha&e $een $ased
on !icro%a&e and !illi!eter-%a&e technologies
@3CA8
5n 1e'8 @3A+ a near-eld o#en-ended %a&eguide %as de&elo#ed
on $asis o' the #ertur$ation in the sur'ace current8 6hen a crac(
e:ists in a !etallic sur'ace+ the sur'ace current o%ing inside
the a#erture o' the %a&eguide is #ertur$ed8 )he #ertur$ed sur-
'ace current leads to a &ariation in the reection coe'cient and
renders crac( detection #ossi$le8 )he o#en-ended %a&eguide sen-
sor can detect crac(s o' less than 1 !!8 ?or crac( detection+ the
length o' the crac( should $e greater than that o' the long section

/orres#onding author8 )el8: DE2 2E205E2C8
.-!ail address: sung,oonFcau8ac8(r (S8 -i!)8
o' the %a&eguide+ and e:#ensi&e !easure!ent e9ui#!ent is
re9uired $ecause it is o#erated at a high 're9uency (24 GH")8
4es#ite o#erating at a high 're9uency+ the &ariations in the !ag-
nitude and #hase o' the reection coe'cient o%ing to the crac(
are &ery s!all8 ?or enhancing the resolution and sensiti&ity+ a
dielectric and dielectric sla$-loaded %a&eguide are used as in 1e'8
@;A+ and the &ariations in the reection coe'cient are still &ery
lo%+ %hile the o#erating 're9uencies are still high (greater than
20 GH")8
5n 1e'8 @CA+ a sensor 'or detecting !icrocrac(s in a !etal sur'ace
using a dual-$eha&ior resonator lter %as suggested8 )his sensor
detects crac(s in a !etallic sur'ace $y the &ariation in the resonant
're9uency and is o#erated at 10 GH"8 )hus+ e:#ensi&e !easure!ent
e9ui#!ent is re9uired8 )he &ariations in the resonant 're9uency
and 9uality () 'actor 'ro! the e:istence o' crac(s are 50 7H" and
45+ res#ecti&ely8 )hese &alues ena$le the sensor to detect crac(s in
!etallic !aterials8 Ho%e&er+ the sensiti&ity and resolution o' this
sensor are lo%8
5n this #a#er+ %e #resent a high- and !iniaturi"ed sensor 'or
crac( detection in !etal !aterials using a su$strate integrated
%a&eguide (S56) ca&ity and a co!#le!entary s#lit ring resonator
(/S11)8 )his sensor e:hi$its high sensiti&ity achie&ed $y the high-
characteristic o' the /S11andis !iniaturi"edusing the e&anescent-
%a&e a!#lication characteristics o' the /S11 @E10A8 ?urther+ the
sensor o#erates a lo%'re9uency (5 GH") %hile increasing the sen-
siti&ity and resolution8
htt#:HHd:8doi8orgH108101;H,8sna82014804800;
0I24-424CH< 2014 .lse&ier =8>8 All rights reser&ed8
2; )8 *un+ S8 -i! H Sensors and Actuators A 214 (2014) 2530
V W
V L

?ig8 18 Planar &ie% o' the /S11-loaded S56: (a) to# &ie%+ ($) $otto! &ie%+ (c) /S11+ and (d) lossless e9ui&alent circuit !odel o' the /S118 - J 1182 !! (081I1
o
)+ 6J 12 !!
(08205
o
)+ 4J 1 !!+ >
p
J 18E !!+ 5
W
J 284 !!+ 5
L
J 18E !!+ a
1
J a
2
J 383 !!+ a
3
J a
5
J 082 !!+ a
4
J 085 !!+ and g J 085 !!8
28 Sensor design
?or re#lacing the con&entional %a&eguide that is di'cult to 'a$- ricate
and has high cost+ %e use an S56 ca&ity resonator %ith a high 'actor8 )he
S56+ initially re#orted in 1e'8 @11A+ has not only the ad&antage o' lo% cost
$ut is also con&enient to co!$ine %ith #lanar structures %hile
!aintaining the ad&antages o' the con&en- tional %a&eguide ca&ity (high
'actor+ high #o%er ca#acity)8 )he S56 is co!#osed o' t%o #arallel ro%s o'
!etal &ias e!$edded in the su$strate+ as sho%n ?ig8 1(a)8 )he S56 ca&ity
has design #ara!- eters o' the center-to-center %idth and length (6
c
and
-
c
) $et%een the ro%s o' &ias+ the dia!eter (4) o' the &ias+ and the s#acing
(>
#
) $et%een the &ias8
)he resonant 're9uency o' the S56 ca&ity is deter!ined $y the e''ecti&e
%idth and length @12A:
?or high sensiti&ity and resolution+ %e co!$ine a /S11 and the
S56 ca&ity8 )he /S11 re#orted in 1e'8 @14A consists o' t%o rectangu-
lar slots+ a !etal stri# $et%een the slots+ and a conducting island+
as sho%n in ?ig8 1(c)8 6hen a &oltage di''erence is e:cited in the
/S11+ a ca#acitance (/
r
) is induced in the rectangular slot $y the
.-eld+ and an inductance (-
r
) is induced in the !etal stri# and
conducting island $y the H-eld8 -
r
and /
r
are !odeled as a high-
shunt-connected -/ resonator tan( @15A8 )he e9ui&alent circuit
!odel o' the /S11 is illustrated in ?ig8 1(d)8 According to the theory
o' e&anescent-%a&e a!#lication @EA+ this -/ tan( resonates at a
lo%er 're9uency than in the do!inant !ode o' the S56 ca&ity8 )his
characteristic renders the sensor co!#act8 5n addition+ %hen the
S56 is co!$ined %ith a /S11+ the /S11 !ode and S56 !ode are
generated8 At the /S11 !ode+ the &alue achie&ed is higher than
that o' the S56 %ithout the /S118 0sing this 'eature o' the /S11
!ode+ the resolution and sensiti&ity o' the sensor are i!#ro&ed8
1
f
mn0
=
2

!


m

2
W
e''

n

2
"
L
e''
(1)
6e ha&e designed the /S11 to o#erate at a##ro:i!ately 5 GH"8
)his #articular choice is to a&oid the use o' e:#ensi&e !easure!ent
e9ui#!ent8 ?or the design o' the /S11+ the -/ resonator tan( in
%here !+ n+ 6
e''
+ !+ and -
e''
are the !ode indices+ #er!itti&ity+
#er!ea$ility and the e''ecti&e %idth and length o' the S56 ca&ity+
res#ecti&ely8 )he e''ecti&e %idth and length o' the S56 ca&ity can
$e a##ro:i!ated as 'ollo%s @12A:
?ig8 1(d) is used8 6hen the loss is neglected+ its resonant 're9uency is
deter!ined $y
1
D
2
W
e''
= W
c
# 1.0E
p
D
2
" 0.1
c
(2)
f
/S11
=
2 L
r
C
r
(C)
D
2
L
e''
= L
c
# 1.0E
p
D
2
" 0.1
c
(3)
/
r
is calculated using the a##ro:i!ate 'or!ula corres#onding
to a !etallic dis( surrounded $y a ground #lane+ %hile -
r
can $e
calculated using the duality o' the S11 !odel corres#onding to the
ca#acitance o' the S11 !odel @15A8 6e deter!ine the di!ensions o'
)he radiation losses due to the .7 eld lea(age inside the S56
occur %hen the s#acing $et%een the &ias is too large $ecause the
S56 has ro%s o' !etal &ias in the su$strate8 Additionally+ the &ia
dia!eter 4 a''ects the return loss8 ?or !ini!i"ing these losses+
t%o design rules related to the dia!eter 4 and &ia s#acing >
#
are
'or!ulated as @13A

g
D $ (4)
5
V
p
% 2D (5)
%here
g
is the guided %a&elength8
)he S56 ca&ity is designed on the $asis o' a 1ogers 4uroid ;010
su$strate %ith a thic(ness o' 182C !!+ a relati&e #er!itti&ity o'
1082+ and a loss tangent o' 0800238 )he di!ensions o' the S56 ca&ity
are deter!ined to !aintain the do!inant resonant 're9uency o'
C83 GH" 'ro! .9s8 (1)(5) and o#ti!i"ed using A3S*S H?SS8 6e
use gold &ias+ and the S56 ca&ity is e:cited $y a 50- !icrostri#
trans!ission line %ith a line %idth o' 1805 !!8 )he inset 'eeding
!ethod is used 'or i!#edance !atching8
the outer slot o' the /S11as an electric di#ole @15A and other di!en- sions o'
the /S11 are o#ti!i"ed using A3S*S H?SS to #ro!#tly o$tain the resonant
're9uency o' 5812 GH"8 )he /S11 is e!$edded in the $otto! o' the S56 'or
a&oiding a stri#line-to-S56 transition8
6hen the /S11 is #ositioned close to the sur'ace o' the !etallic
!aterial+ the .-eld and H-eld are conned such that the res- onant
're9uency o' the /S11 is changed $y the &ariation in the e''ecti&e
ca#acitance8 6hen the alu!inu! sa!#le is loaded on the #ro#osed sensor+
the i!#edance and resonant 're9uencies are changed8 5n order to !ini!i"e
the i!#edance !is!atching+ a to# sur'ace o' the alu!inu! is coated %ith
)eon8 A thic(er )eon coating can #ro&ide sta$le i!#edance !atching
%hile the sensiti&- ity is degraded8 )eon %ith 081 !! thic(ness is chosen
$ecause it is the !ini!u! reali"a$le thic(ness %hile (ee#ing sta$le
i!#edance !atching8
)he si!ulated reection coe'cients o' the S56 ca&ity %ith and
%ithout a /S11 are #lotted in ?ig8 28 )he %idth and length o' the S56
ca&ity is chosen to ha&e the do!inant resonant 're9uency o'
C82I GH"8 ?ig8 3(a) and (c) sho%s the !agnitude distri$utions o'
?ig8 28 Si!ulated reKection coe'Lcients o' the S56 ca&ity (%ithout a /S11) and
/S11-loaded S56 ca&ity8
the electric Leld inside the S56 ca&ity and the /S11-loaded S56 ca&ity at
their do!inant ).
101
!odes8 ?or .7 si!ulation+ A3S*S high 're9uency
structure si!ulator (H?SS) is used8 6hen the /S11
is loaded on the S56 ca&ity+ the i!#edance is changed8 )here'ore+ the
'eeding lines are di''erent 'or the i!#edance !atching o' $oth the S56
ca&ity %ithout the /S11 (?ig8 3(a)) and the S56 ca&ity %ith the /S11 (?ig8
3($) and (c))8 Ho%e&er+ the S56 ca&ity si"e is iden- tical 'or $oth S56
ca&ities %ith and %ithout the /S118 Although the si"e o' t%o ca&ities is
identical+ their ).
101
resonant 're9uen- cies are slightly di''erent $ecause
o' the /S11 #ertur$ation on the /S11-
loaded S56ca&ity8 )he electric cou#ling 'ro!the /S11 on the S56 sur'ace
decreases the ).
101
resonant 're9uency o' the S56 ca&- ity8 )here'ore+ ?ig8
3(a) and (c) is #lotted at C82I GH" and ;8E3 GH"+ res#ecti&ely8 Bn the other
hand+ %hen the /S11 is loaded on the S56 ca&ity+ the additional resonance
occurs at 5812 GH" %hich is generated 'ro! the /S11 !ode as sho%n in ?ig8
3($)8 6hen the %idth o' the S56 is s!aller+ the resonant 're9uency at
/S11 !ode
is a''ected $ecause o' the cou#ling $et%een the S56 and /S118 5n addition+
the radius o' &ias a''ects the i!#edance !atching at the /S11 !ode %hile
&ia s#acing sho%s less e''ects on the i!#edance o' the /S11 !ode8
38 Si!ulation and e:#eri!ental results
?ig8 4 illustrates the !easure!ent en&iron!ent to sense the crac( o' the
alu!inu!8 )he #ro#osed !icro%a&e sensor is #laced on the alu!inu! and
the /S11 is #atterned on the $otto! o' the
sensor8 As !entioned earlier+ the sur'aces o' the !etallic struc-
tures are co&ered %ith coatings8 )here'ore+ a thin )eKon Ll! %ith a
thic(ness o' 081 !! is used to !odel this coating on an alu!inu!
#late %ith a 5-!! thic(ness+ as sho%n in ?ig8 48 ?or crac( !odel-
ing+ crac(s only %ith 1-+ 182-+ and 2-!! %idths and 1- and 2-!!
de#ths are 'a$ricated in addition to a 'aultless #late8 )he 're9uency
res#onses 'ro! the crac(s %ith 081-!! and 082-!! %idths are
o$ser&ed only in the .7 si!ulations $ecause o' the di'Lculty in
'a$ricating these crac(s o' 081-!! and 082-!! %idths8 )he #icture
o' the 'a$ricated sensor is sho%n in ?ig8 5(a)8 ?or crac( detection in
!etallic !aterials+ the sensor is scanned along the sur'aces o' the
!etallic !aterials8 ?or deter!ining the e:istence o' crac(s+ a 'ault-
less alu!inu! sa!#le is set as a re'erence+ as sho%n in ?ig8 5($)+
and the &ariation in the resonant 're9uency $ecause o' the crac( is
recorded using an HP E510/ &ector net%or( analy"er8
As sho%n in ?ig8 ;+ the &ariations in the reKection coe'Lcient
are #resented %hen the sensor is #ositioned on the crac(s %ith
&arious %idths+ and the de#th o' the crac( is !aintained at 1 !!8
)he shi'ts in the resonant 're9uency due to the crac( %idths o'
081 !! and 2 !! are 220 7H" and IE0 7H"+ res#ecti&ely8 As the
crac( %idth increases+ the resonant 're9uency tends to decrease8
As sho%n in ?ig8 C+ the &ariations in the reKection coe'Lcient are
#resented %hen the sensor is #ositioned on the crac(s %ith &ari-
ous %idths+ and the de#th o' the crac( is !aintained at 2 !!8 )he
shi'ts in the resonant 're9uency due to the crac( %idths o' 081 !!
and 2 !! are 2E0 7H" and 10E0 7H"+ res#ecti&ely8 5t is o$ser&ed
that the resonant 're9uency tends to decrease as the crac( %idth
increases8 5n addition+ the resonant 're9uency tends to increase as
the crac( de#th increases8 )here'ore+ the resonant 're9uency o' the
#ro#osed sensor is de#endent on $oth the crac( %idth and de#th8
6hen the crac( %idths are e9ual to 081 !!+ the di''erence o' the
resonant 're9uencies $et%een the crac( de#ths o' 1 !! and 2 !!
is ;0 7H"8 6hen the crac( %idths are e9ual to 2 !!+ the di''erence
o' the resonant 're9uencies $et%een the crac( de#ths o' 1 !! and
2 !! is 1C0 7H"8 )he si!ulated and !easured resonant 're9uen-
cies 'or di''erent %idths and de#ths are su!!ari"ed in )a$le 18 As
e:#ected+ the resonant 're9uency tends to decrease %hen the crac(
de#th increases8 )he 'actor+ %hich deter!ines the resolution+ is
greater than 14E+ as su!!ari"ed in )a$le 18
)o conLr! the e''ect o' )eKon thic(ness+ the si!ulated reKec-
tion coe'Lcients are #lotted at di''erent thic(ness o' )eKon
(t J 081 !!+ 083 !!+ 085 !!+ 08C !!+ and 08I !!) in ?ig8 E(a)8
)he resonant 're9uencies o' the 'aultless alu!inu! are decreased
as the thic(ness o' )eKon coating increases8 ?or instance+ the
resonant 're9uencies are 5812 GH"+ 48CI GH"+ 48;C GH"+ 48;1 GH"+
and 485E GH" at t J 081 !!+ 083 !!+ 085 !!+ 08C !!+ and 08I !!+
res#ecti&ely8 5n addition+ these 're9uencies are co!#ared %ith
the resonant 're9uencies o' the 'ault alu!inu! (081 !! %idth
and 1 !! de#th crac()8 ?re9uency di''erence $et%een the 'ault-
?ig8 38 7agnitude o' the .-Leld: (a) inside the S56 ca&ity at C82I GH"+ ($) $otto! o' the /S11-loaded S56 at 5812 GH"+ and inside the /S11-loaded S56 at ;8E3 GH"8
?ig8 48 7easure!ent en&iron!ent: (a) side &ie% and ($) cross-sectional &ie%8
?ig8 58 ?a$ricated sensor and alu!inu! sa!#le: (a) to# and $otto! &ie%s o' the sensor and ($) alu!inu! sa!#le8
?ig8 ;8 Si!ulated and !easured results o' the reKection coe'Lcient 'or a crac( de#th o' 1 !!8
?ig8 C8 Si!ulated and !easured results o' the reKection coe'Lcient 'or a crac( de#th o' 2 !!8
f
w

)a$le 1
>ariations in the si!ulated and !easured resonant 're9uencies and 'actors o' the sensor 'or di''erent %idths and de#ths8
?aultless 4e#th: 1 !! 4e#th: 2 !!
6idth @!!A 0 081 082 1 182 2 081 082 1 182 2
1esonant 're9uency @GH"A (si!ulation) 5812 48I0 48C2 4852 483E 4822 48E4 48;1 4843 4824 4805
1esonant 're9uency @GH"A (!easure!ent) 5812 3HA 3HA 484I 483I 4821 3HA 3HA 4844 4824 4804
-'actor 25; 245 15C 224 21I 210 242 153 14E 212 202
?ig8 E8 (a) Si!ulated reKection coe'Lcients at di''erent thic(ness o' )eKon+ ($) the si!ulated resonant 're9uencies at di''erent roughness le&els on the to# o' the )eKon
sur'ace+ and (c) the si!ulated reKection coe'Lcients at 50- !+ 100- !+ 155- !+ roughness le&els on the to# o' the )eKon sur'ace 'or the 'aultless and crac(ed (081-!! %idth and 1-!! de#th)
alu!inu!8
less and 'ault alu!inu! is 220 7H"+ 50 7H"+ 20 7H"+ 10 7H"+
and 10 7H" at t J 081 !!+ 083 !!+ 085 !!+ 08C !!+ and 08I !!+
res#ecti&ely8 5t cannot $e o$ser&ed the 're9uency shi't a'ter 08I !!
thic(ness8
)he 're9uency shi'ting is o$ser&ed at di''erent roughness o' the
)eKon sur'ace 'ro! 'ull %a&e si!ulation8 ?or the roughness setting+
Ha!!erstand roughness !odel is used @1;A8 As sho%n in ?ig8 E($)+
the di''erence o' the resonant 're9uencies %ith and %ithout the
crac( o' 081-!! %idth and 1-!! de#th is clear+ although the
resonant 're9uencies are slightly increased %ith larger roughness
le&el8 ?ig8 E(c) sho%s the si!ulated reKection coe'Lcients at 50- !+
100- !+ and 155- ! roughness le&els on the to# o' the )eKon
reKection coe'Lcients at 100- !roughness are less than #10 d='or
$oth 'aultless and crac(ed alu!inu!8 Ho%e&er+ %hen the rough-
ness is 155 !+ the reKection coe'Lcients o' the 'aultless and
crac(ed alu!inu! are #;83 d= at 584C GH" and #C d= at 584 GH"+
res#ecti&ely8 Although their resonant 're9uencies are di''erent+ the
sensiti&ity is #oor at 155- ! roughness le&el8
?ig8 I sho%s the relationshi# $et%een the resonant 're9uency
and crac( %idth at 1-!! and 2-!! de#th o' crac(8 )he %idth
sensiti&ity (GH"H!) can $e deLned 'ro! ?ig8 I as the ratio o' the
're9uency shi't to %idth di''erence at a L:ed de#th8
sur'ace8 As the roughness le&el is larger+ the sensiti&ity $eco!es

f
6idth sensiti&ity (GH"/!) =


2
# f
w
1
(E)
lo%er $ecause o' i!#edance !is!atching and lo%er -'actor8 )he

w

=

w
2
# w
1


30 )8 *un+ S8 -i! H Sensors and Actuators A 214 (2014) 2530
?ig8 I8 1elationshi# $et%een the resonant 're9uency and crac( %idth at 1-!! and
2-!! de#th o' crac(8
6hen the de#th o' crac( is 1 !!+ the !a:i!u! and !ini!u! %idth
sensiti&ities are 220 GH"H! and 2825 GH"H!+ res#ecti&ely8 6hen the de#th
o' crac( is 2 !!+ the !a:i!u! and !ini!u! %idth sensiti&ities are
2E0 GH"H! and 285 GH"H!8 At $oth 1 !! and 2 !! de#th+ the !a:i!u!
and !ini!u! &alues are o$ser&ed $et%een 'aultless and 081 !! o' crac(
%idth and $et%een 182 !! and 2 !! o' crac( %idth+ res#ecti&ely8
)here'ore+ the %idth sensi- ti&ity decreases %ith %ider crac( $ecause
electro!agnetic energy attenuates8
48 /onclusion
A high- and !iniaturi"ed /S11-loaded S56 !icro%a&e sensor
has $een#resented'or crac( detectionin!etallic !aterials8 An S56 ca&ity
and a /S11 ha&e $een used to detect the crac(s in the !etal- lic !aterials
co&ered $y dielectric layers8 )his sensor is o#erated at a##ro:i!ately
5 GH"+ and the &ariation in the resonant 're9uency due to a crac( o' 1-!!
%idth and 1-!! de#th is ;30 7H"8 5n addi- tion+ the sensor e:hi$its a
%ide range o' resonant 're9uency shi'ts and a high 'actor greater than
14E8 )hese #ro#erties increase the
sensiti&ity and resolution o' the sensor8 6hen co!#ared %ithother
!icro%a&e sensors+ this sensor o#erates at a lo%er 're9uency and e:hi$its
higher sensiti&ity and resolution8
Ac(no%ledge!ent
)his research %as su##orted $y =asic Science 1esearch Pro- gra!
through the 3ational 1esearch ?oundation o' 2orea (31?) 'unded $y the
7inistry o' .ducation+ Science and )echnology (201211A1A20401;0)8
1e'erences
@1A )8 /hady+ 78 .no(i"ono+ 18 Si(ora+ /rac( detection and recognition using an eddy current
di''erential #ro$e+ 5... )rans8 7agn8 35 (1III) 1E4I1E528
@2A P8 4u''our+ 78 7or$idini+ P8 /a%ley+ A study o' the &i$ro-acoustic !odulation techni9ue
'or the detection o' crac(s in !etals+ M8 Acoust8 Soc8 A!8 11I (200;)
14;38
@3A /8 *eh+ 18 Noughi+ A no&el !icro%a&e !ethod 'or detection o' long sur'ace
crac(s in !etals+ 5... )rans8 5nstru!8 7eas8 43 (1II4) C1IC258
@4A 18 Noughi+ S858 Ganche&+ /8 Hu$er+ 7easure!ent #ara!eter o#ti!i"ation 'or
sur'ace crac( detection in !etals using an o#en-ended %a&eguide #ro$e+
in: 5nstru!entation and 7easure!ent )echnology /on'erence+ 1II;8 57)/-
I;8 /on'erence Proceedings8 uality 7easure!ents: )he 5ndis#ensa$le =ridge
$et%een )heory and 1eality8+5...+ 2+ 1II;+ ##8 13I113I48
@5A 18 Noughi+ S8 2har(o&s(y+ 7icro%a&e and !illi!etre %a&e sensors 'or crac(
detection+ ?atigue ?ract8 .ng8 7ater8 Struct8 31 (200E) ;I5C138
@;A 78)8 Ghasr+ =8 /arroll+ S8 2har(o&s(y+ 18 Austin+ 18 Noughi+ 7illi!eter-%a&e di'-
'erential #ro$e 'or nondestructi&e detection o' corrosion #recursor #itting+ 5...
)rans8 5nstru!8 7eas8 55 (200;) 1;201;2C8
@CA M8 2erouedan+ P8 uO''Olec+ P8 )al$ot+ /8 uendo+ S8 4e =lasi+ A8 -e =run+ 4etection
o' !icro-crac(s on !etal sur'aces using near-Leld !icro%a&e dual-$eha&ior
resonator Llters+ 7eas8 Sci8 )echnol8 1I (200E) 105C018
@EA *848 4ong+ )8 *ang+ )8 5toh+ Su$strate integrated %a&eguide loaded $y co!#le-
!entary s#lit-ring resonators and its a##lications to !iniaturi"ed %a&eguide
lters+ 5... )rans8 7icro%a&e )heor8 )ech8 5C (200I) 221122238
@IA 8 Nhang+ 68 *in+ S8 He+ -8 6u+ .&anescent-!ode su$strate integrated %a&e-
guide (S56) Llters i!#le!ented %ith co!#le!entary s#lit ring resonators+
Prog8 .lectro!agn8 1es8 111 (2011) 41I4328
@10A )8M8 /ui+ P88 -in+ 8 /heng+ H8?8 7a+ P878 *ang+ .:#eri!ents on e&anescent-%a&e
a!#lication and trans!ission using !eta!aterial structures+ Phys8 1e&8 = C3
(200;) 24511I8
@11A 48 4eslandes+ 28 6u+ Single-su$strate integration techni9ue o' #lanar cir-
cuits and %a&eguide Llters+ 5... )rans8 7icro%a&e )heor8 )ech8 51 (2003)
5I35I;8
@12A ?8 Pu+ 28 6u+ Guided-%a&e and lea(age characteristics o' su$strate integrated
%a&eguide+ 5... )rans8 7icro%a&e )heor8 )ech8 53 (2005) ;;C38
@13A M8.8 1ayas-SQnche"+ >8 Gutierre"-Ayala+ A general .7-$ased design #rocedure
'or single-layer su$strate integrated %a&eguide interconnects %ith !icrostri#
transitions+ 200E+ ##8 IE3IE;8
@14A ?8 ?alcone+ )8 -o#etegi+ 78 -aso+ M8 =aena+ M8 =onache+ 78 =eruete+ 18 7ar9uOs+ ?8
7artin+ 78 Sorolla+ =a$inet #rinci#le a##lied to the design o' !etasur'aces and
!eta!aterials+ Phys8 1e&8 -ett8 I3 (2004) 1IC4018
@15A M848 =aena+ M8 =onache+ ?8 7artRn+ 1878 Sillero+ ?8 ?alcone+ )8 -o#etegi+ 78A8 -aso+
M8 Garcia-Garcia+ 58 Gil+ 78?8 Portillo+ .9ui&alent-circuit !odels 'or s#lit-ring
resonators and co!#le!entary s#lit-ring resonators cou#led to #lanar trans-
!ission lines+ 5... )rans8 7icro%a&e )heor8 )ech8 53 (2005) 145114;18
@1;A S8H8 Hall+ H8-8 Hec(+ Ad&anced Signal 5ntegrity 'or High-S#eed 4igital 4esigns+
Mohn 6iley S Sons+ Ho$o(en+ 3M+ 08S8A8+ 20118
=iogra#hies
)aeh%a *un %as $orn in Seoul+ 2orea+ in 1IE48 He recei&ed the
=8S8 degree in electrical and electronics 'ro! /hung-Ang
0ni&ersity+ Seoul+ 2orea+ in 20138 /urrently+ he is %or(ing
to%ard the 78S8 degree in electrical and elec- tronics engineering+
/hung-Ang 0ni&ersity8 His research interests are 'ocused on
electro!agnetic sensors+ antenna arrays+ and !icro%a&e circuit
design8
Sung,oon -i! recei&ed the =8S8 degree in electronic engi-
neering 'ro! *onsei 0ni&ersity+ Seoul+ 2orea+ in 2002+ and the
78S8 and Ph848 degrees in electrical engineering 'ro! the
0ni&ersity o' /ali'ornia at -os Angeles (0/-A)+ in 2004 and
200;+ res#ecti&ely8 A'ter a #ostdoctoral #osition at the 5ntegrated
3anosyste! 1esearch ?acility (531?)+ the 0ni&ersity o'
/ali'ornia at 5r&ine+ he ,oined the School o' .lectrical and
.lectronics .ngineering+ /hung-Ang 0ni- &ersity+ Seoul+ 2orea+ in
200C+ %here he is currently an
associate #ro'essor8 He has authored andcoauthored !ore than E0
technical con'erence+ letter and ,ournal #a#ers8 His research
interests include engineered electro!ag-
netic structures (!eta!aterials+ electro!agnetic $andga#
!aterials+ and 're9uency selecti&e sur'aces)+ #rinted antennas+ su$strate integrated
%a&eguide (S56) co!#onents+ in(,et-#rinted electronics and 1? 7.7Sa##lications8 He is also
interested in the !odeling and design o' !icro%a&e circuits and syste!s8
4r8 -i!recei&ed the 5nstitutiono' .ngineering and )echnology(5.)) Pre!iu!A%ard in 200I8