Integrative Design Process - A

Whole Systems Approach

22 May 2012

Presented by
Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED AP
Sachin Anand, PE, LEED AP
USGBC ILLINOIS CHAPTER
1.5
Integrative Design: A Whole Systems Approach
The U.S. Green Building Council Illinois Chapter is a
Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion
of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members
are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content
that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing
in any material or product. Questions related to specific
materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.

Learning Objectives
Explain the integrative design process, including its
benefits in the design and development of high
performance buildings.
Describe the key elements of the integrative design
process and the shifts required when compared to
conventional practice.
Make a case for designing/developing high performance
buildings and using an integrative design process.
Identify tools for implementing an integrative design
process.
Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED Fellow







HJKessler Associates Green Building Design Consultants
Services include Sustainable Design/LEED, energy efficiency, commissioning
consulting and training; Adjunct Faculty at Northwestern University
Over 50 LEED projects, 40 certified projects - 7 Platinum, 24 Gold
Jewish Reconstructionist
Congregation (Platinum)
Mark T. Skinner Elementary
School (Gold)
Orland Park Police
Headquarters (Gold)
Sachin Anand, PE, LEED A.P.
MEP Consultants
Mechanical Engineer
Adjunct Faculty at IIT
Focus on sustainable projects
Green Exchange (LEED Gold)
Columbia College Media
Production Center (LEED Gold)
Poetry Foundation (LEED Silver)
A Global Imperative
Resource
Consumption/Depletion
Energy
Water
Materials
Global
Warming/Climate
Change


What is the Integrative Process?
Everybody Engaging Every Issue Early in the
Project
An intentional process of discovering interrelationships
and synergies between systems and components
Requires more and earlier analysis than typical
practice
Asks the team to question conventional assumptions
Includes iterative analysis to achieve cost-effective
and environmentally effective project solutions
Requires buy-in from the owners, designers, and
builders everyone working together


Shifting the Way We Think
From a linear process to



an interactive process
to
an interdisciplinary
process to
a whole systems
process (focusing on
interrelated systems
integration)
Stepping Stones to Integrative Design

Concept by Bill Reed and Barbra Batshalom

Architect
Planning Staff
Daylighting & Energy Modeler
Structural Engineer

Landscape Architect
MEP Subcontractors
Mechanical Engineer
Civil Engineer
Facilities O&M Staff
General Contractor
Construction Manager
Product Manufacturers
Commissioning Authority Cost Estimator
Community Members
Owner
Building Users
Facilities Management Staff
Electrical Engineer
INTEGRATIVE DESIGN TEAM
(Composite Master Builder)
Adapted from graphic by Bill Reed
Key Stakeholders

From Integrative
Process
Standard for
Design and
Construction of
Sustainable Buildings
and Communities

Draft ANSI Consensus
Standard Guide 2.0
IEQ
E
M
$
The essential structure repeats:

RESEARCH / ANALYSIS

WORKSHOP

RESEARCH / ANALYSIS

WORKSHOP
Energy
Water/Habitat
Materials
Energy
Water/Habitat
Materials
IEQ
IEQ
Materials
Water/Habitat
Energy
Budget
IEQ
Integrative Design Process
ANSI/MTS 1.0 Whole Systems Integrated Process Guide (WSIP)-2007
for Sustainable Buildings & Communities. Graphic by Bill Reed.
Joint decision-making and problem-solving (not just individual assignments that
are later integrated into a whole)
Whole Systems Thinking The First
Airplane 1900 - 1903
The Wright Brothers Samuel Pierpoint Langley
. . . from A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Langleys Solution
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Each component made from the best, most highly engineered technologies of the time
First Test Flight
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Like a handful of mortar
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Langleys Second Attempt
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
A fundamentally flawed machine, a kit of parts, with a very big
engine (45 hp)
The Wright Brothers Started with Kites
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Then Gliders
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
A Breakthrough
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Nearly the Final Design
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
The First Flight
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
Off-the-shelf 16 hp engine; 1/3 the size of Langleys
Langley - each piece optimized in isolation Wright Bros. - an integrated system
Will your building
or flop?
How many of our buildings are an un-integrated Aerodrome into
which we put a huge HVAC system to make up for design flaws?
fly?
Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner
A High Performance Liver?
Concept by Bill Reed
Integrative Design: Building as an
Organism

Systems Integration:

Understanding relationships among
systems
Not a set of component parts
Holistic, non-linear process
(In a building) downsize or
eliminate systems



A Whole Systems Integrative Process
Understanding how all systems work together
context
Nested systems: Region Community Buildings
Eco-system, Place, History
Slide and Story Courtesy of Bill Reed
A More Efficient Grocery Store
A Whole Systems Integrative Process
Take advantage of major resource savings
Tunneling through the cost barriers, optimizing the
system, not the parts
How? By understanding that systems are not
isolated; removing the silos; modeling interactions
Orientation, HVAC, lighting, envelope, glazing, etc

Diminishing Returns
From Natural Capitalism by Lovins, Lovins and Hawken, 1999, Chapter 6
Tunneling Through the Cost Barrier
From Natural Capitalism by Lovins, Lovins and Hawken, 1999, Chapter 6
Lean Construction Institute calls this Optimizing the system, not its parts.
Case Study Example: Systems
Impacts on Other Systems

How does your interior paint color affect HVAC system costs?
Coefficients of Utilization PRU-9-A-04-2T8-SC-YMW-S-120
Floor effective floor cavity reflectance = .20

Ceiling 80 70 50

Wall 70 50 30 10 70 50 30 10 50 30 10

RCR 0 .72 .72 .72 .72 .62 .62 .62 .62 .43 .43 .43
1 .66 .62 .60 .57 .56 .54 .52 .50 .37 .36 .35
2 .60 .54 .50 .47 .51 .47 .43 .41 .33 .31 .29
3 .54 .48 .43 .39 .46 .41 .37 .34 .29 .26 .24
4 .49 .42 .37 .32 .42 .36 .32 .28 .25 .22 .20
5 .45 .37 .32 .27 .39 .32 .28 .24 .23 .20 .17
6 .41 .33 .28 .24 .35 .29 .24 .21 .20 .17 .15
7 .38 .30 .24 .20 .33 .26 .21 .18 .18 .15 .13
8 .35 .27 .21 .18 .30 .23 .19 .16 .16 .13 .11
9 .33 .24 .19 .15 .28 .21 .17 .14 .15 .12 .10
10 .30 .22 .17 .14 .26 .19 .15 .12 .13 .11 .09
Connections:
Paint
Lighting
HVAC Sizing for cooling

# of light fixtures = footcandles x area
lumens x LLF x CU
= 25% Reduction
Using Energy Models to Support
Integrative Design
Use computer-based tools to simulate the
energy use of a building throughout an
entire year of operation .
Assess the energy use of a building and
quantify the savings attributable to the
proposed design.
Determine energy use and costs without
constructing a building.
Integrated Design
Time
Program
Predesign
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Construction
Administration
Post-
Construction
Traditional
Potential for Energy Savings
Integrated Design
Program
Pre-design
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Construction
Administration
Post
Construction
When to Start Modeling?
Conceptual Design
Basic Model
Several Assumptions Required as building is
not defined
Good for input on comparative Schemes
94.39
117.86
98.23
122.56
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
kBtu/sf
north 3
stories
north 4
stories
west 3
stories
west 4
stories
EUI / Height and Orientation
When to Start Modeling?
Schematic Design
Review Component Energy Use
When to Start Modeling?
Design Development
Parametric Review of Options

When to Start Modeling?
Construction Documents
Very Limited Opportunity to Improve
Design
Energy Accounting
LEED Tabulation
Example: Columbia College
35,000 sf Media Production Facility
7,500 sf Sound Stage
240 kW of lighting after diversity
Traditional Calculations 40,000 cfm of
air
Computational Fluid Dynamic Study
16,000 cfm of air
Cost of Study - $10,000
First Cost Savings - $250,000
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Example: Columbia College
Benefits of an Integrative Process
Improved Occupant Performance
Better Indoor Air Quality
Daylight
Reduced Operational Costs
Energy and Resource Efficiency
Enhanced Asset Value and Increased Profits
Optimized Life Cycle Economic Performance
Potentially No Increase in Construction Cost
Enduring Facilities
Positive Public Image
Instructional Facilities
Reduced Environmental Impacts

Where to Get More Information
Integrative Process (IP), ANSI Consensus
National Standard Guide, February 2, 2012 for
Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings
and Communities.
Roadmap for the Integrated Design Process, British
Columbia Green Building Roundtable
The Integrative Design Guide to Green Building, by
7Group and Bill G.Reed
AIA Integrated Project Delivery,
http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/AIAS077630
Started Fall 2005 at the CCGT; met in April 2006
Weekend Charrette @ Perkins+Will Chicago,
met again in 2007 and 2008 at AIA HQ and in
November 2008 Liberty Mutual
Integrative Process - Consensus Guideline

Roadmap for Integrated Design
Process
The Integrative Design Guide to
Green Building
AIA Project Delivery Guide / AIA California Council - 2007
AIA IDP Process Comparison
Traditional Design Process
Integrated Design Process
AIA IDP - Front-End Loaded Design
AIA Project Delivery Guide / AIA California Council - 2007
Learn More and Experience the
Integrative Design Process and
Sample Eco-Charrette

Designing High Performance Buildings
Using an Integrative Design Process
8:30am to 4:30pm, June 14
Sponsored by the ComEd and Nicor Smart
Ideas program
For more info: registration@ecw.org


Questions??
Integrative Design Process - A
Whole Systems Approach
Sachin Anand, PE, LEED AP
Chicago, IL
www.dbhms.com
sanand@dbhms.com
Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED A.P.
Chicago, IL
www.hjkesslerassociates.com
hjkessler@hjkesslerassociates.com