Discrete-Time Signals and Systems: Problems

Marc Antonio Bara and Rafael Montalbn

October 20, 2011

Sampling and Reconstruction

1. (Oppenheim 4.1) The signal
xc (t) = sin (2 (100) t)

was sampled with sampling period T = 1/400 second to obtain a discrete-time signal
x [n]. What is the resulting signal x [n]?
2. (Oppenheim 4.3) The continuous-time signal
xc (t) = cos (4000t)

is sampled with a sampling period T to obtain a discrete-time signal

x [n] = cos

n
.
3

(a) Determine a choice for T consistent with this information.

(b) Is your choice for T in Part (a) unique? If so, explain why. If not, specify another
choice of T consistent with the information given.
3. (Oppenheim 4.5) Consider the system in Figure 1, with the discrete-time system an
ideal low-pass lter with a cuto frequency /8 radians/s.
(a) If xc (t) is bandlimited to 5 kHz, what is the maximum value of T that will avoid
aliasing in the C/D converter?
(b) If 1/T = 10 kHz, what will the cuto frequency of the eective continuous-time
lter be?
(c) Repeat Part (b) for 1/T = 20 kHz.
4. (Based on Proakis (3rd Edition) 9.1) Consider the pass band signal xc (t) with Fourier
transform Xc (f ), represented in Figure 2. As part of the discretization process, this
signal is multiplied by an impulse train
s (t) = k= (t kTs ) .
k=

Based on s =

2
T

2N , one may select Fs = 2 30MHz = 60MHz.

(a) Represent in the frequency domain the resulting signal, Xs (f ) = Xc (f ) S (f ).

(b) Explain why we can sample this signal with a lower Fs .
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Figure 1: System for problem 3.

Figure 2: Frequency domain representation for problem 4.

(c) Determine the minimum sampling frequency to avoid aliasing. Find a generalized
expression of the minimum sampling frequency that can be used to sample pass
band signals while avoiding aliasing.
(d) Explain how the original signal could be recovered from Xs (f ), if the minimum
possible sampling frequency is used.

5. (Oppenheim 4.2) The sequence

x [n] = cos

n ,
4

< n < ,

was obtained by sampling a continuous-time signal

xc (t) = cos (0 t) ,

< t < ,

at a sampling rate 1000 samples/s. What are two possible positive values of 0 that
could have resulted in the sequence x [n]?
6. (Oppenheim 4.4) The continuous-time signal
xc (t) = sin (20t) + cos(40t)

is sampled with a sampling period T to obtain the discrete-time signal

x [n] = sin

n
+ cos
5

2n
5

(a) Determine a choice for T consistent with this information.

(b) Is your choice for T in Part (a) unique? If so, explain why. If not, specify another
choice of T consistent with the information given.
2

Figure 3: Figure for problem 8

7. (Oppenheim 4.11) The following continuous-time input signals xc (t) and the corresponding discrete-time output signals x [n] are those of an ideal C/D. Specify a choice
for the sampling period T that is consistent with each pair of xc (t) and x [n]. In addition, indicate whether your choice of T is unique. If not, specify a second possible
choice of T consistent with the information given.
(a) xc (t) = sin (10t) , x [n] = sin (n/4)
(b) xc (t) = sin (10t) / (10t) , x [n] = sin (n/4) / (n/4)
8. (Oppenheim 4.21) A complex-valued continuous-time signal xc (t) has the Fourier
transform shown in Figure 3, where (2 1 ) = . This signal is sampled to
produce the sequence x [n] = xc (nT ) .
(a) Sketch the Fourier transform X (ejw ) of the sequence x [n] for T = /2 .
(b) What is the lowest sampling frequency that can be used without incurring any
aliasing distortion, i.e., so that xc (t) from x [n]?
(c) Draw the block diagram of a system that can be used to recover xc (t) from x [n]
if the sampling rate is greater than or equal to the rate determined in Part (b).
Assume that (complex) ideal lters are available.

9. (Oppenheim 4.20) Consider the system in Figure 1. The input signal xc (t) has the
Fourier transform shown in Figure 4 with 0 = 2(1000) radians/second. The discretetime system is an ideal lowpass lter with frequency response:
H(ejw ) = 1, || c
H(ejw ) = 0, otherwise
1
(a) What is the minimum sampling rate Fs = T such that no aliasing occurs in
sampling the input?
(b) If c = /2, what is the minimum sampling rate such that yc (t) = xc (t)?

10. (Oppenheim 4.14) Which of the following signals can be downsampled by a factor of 2
using the system in Figure 5 without changing any loss of information?
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Figure 4: Figure for problem 9

Figure 5: System for problem 10.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

x [n] = [n n0 ] , for n0 some unknown integer

x [n] = cos (n/4)
x [n] = cos (n/4) + cos (3n/4)
x [n] = sin (n/3) / (n/3)
x [n] = (1)n sin (n/3) / (n/3)

11. (Oppenheim 4.15) Consider the system shown in Figure 6. For each of the following
signals x [n], indicate whether the output xr [n] = x [n].
(a) x [n] = cos (n/4)
(b) x [n] = cos (n/2)

Figure 6: System for problem 11.

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Figure 7: Discrete Fourier transform of the signal for problem 12.

12. (Oppenheim 4.26) Consider the sequence x [n] whose Fourier transform X (ej )is shown
in Figure 7. Dene
xs [n] =

x [n] , n = M k, k = 0, 1, 2, ...
0,
otherwise

and
xd [n] = xs [M n] = x [M n] .

(a) Sketch Xs (ej )and Xd (ej )for each of the following cases:
i. M = 3, H = /2
ii. M = 3, H = /4
(b) What is the maximum value of H that will avoid aliasing when M=3?