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ITALO CALVINO

Paolo Uccello (c. 1397-1475): NiccoloMuruzi da Tolentino at the Ba ttle ofSan Romano,
71'/'" XI "26". National Gallery, London.
TheBirdsofPaolo Uccello
We see in the paintings of Paolo Uccello. In aU his teeming world the skies
are One looks up in hope, and sees no feathered creatures in flight or
perched on branches of trees. Lowering one's eyes onto a tranquil landscape
peopled discern, at the most, a pair of wading birds and three
swans.
What has become of the birds that according to Vasari once studded his can-
vases, so much so as to earn him his nickname of Uccello? Who has scared them
away? Most certainly it is the soldiers, who render the highways of the air impass-
able with their spears, and with the clash of weaponry silence trillin!!:s and chir-
rupings.
Fled from the colored surfaces, the birds are hiding or fluttering invisibly out-
side the borders of the paintings. They are waiting for the right moment to make a
comeback and occupy the canvas. Following the Vasari tradition, Giovanni Pas-
c.oli in a narrative poem and Marcel Schwob in one of his Vies imaginaires have
depicted the aged painter surrounded by birds born ofhis brush. But what we our-
selves can testify to is exactly the opposite. In Paolo's most famous surviving works
what catches the attention is the absence of birds, an absence that lies heavy on the
air, alarming, menacing and ominous.
The mostfrequently depicted scenes of Paolo Uccello that are still to be seen to-
day presuppose others, which he may have painted but which have since been lost:
scenes that precede the above-a world aU trillings and peckings and beating
I
wings, taken by surprise and scattered to the winds by the invasion of the warriors-
~
ItaloCalvino
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andotherscenesthatfollow them:thecounteroffensiveofthebirds, whoswoop
downinserriedflocksandperchonhelmets,shoulderplatesandelbowguards.
Arecrowsandvulturesthereattheendofthebattle?Notatall. It hasalready
beenobservedthatinallPaoloU ccello'sbattlescenesweseeonlyonedeadmanon
theground;andevenhemightonlyhavefainted. Everymanon thefield isstill
alivewhentheskydarkensandtheairistroubledbyagreatbeatingofwings.The
horsesbecomerestive, utteringneighsofterror.
Thebattlebetweenthetwoarmiesistransformedintoabattleagainstthebirds,
theswordsraiseeddiesoffeathers,thelancesareshakentoridthemofgraspingtal-
ons,whiletheblowsofbeaksraindownonshields.Toputahorseoutofactionis
theworkofamoment:amagpiestealsitsglitteringstuddedblinkers, akestrelrips
offitsgirth,ringdovesremovethesaddledoth.Soyoufindyourselfonfoot,witha
crow's wings wedged twixt salletandchin strap, acapercailliepeckingoffyour
throat-piece,ahoopoeperchedonyourcrest. Yourmouthfillsupwithjay'sfeath-
ers,andbynowYOll nolongerknowhowmuchofyouisarmor,isman,isbird.
Youhollerforhelp. Herecomesanotherwarrior, nomatterwhetherfriendor
foe:weareallalliesnowagainstthebirds.Thewarriorliftshisvizorandoutpopthe
beakandtworoundeyesofanowl.Youcastaroundforashieldtoprotectyourself
andfindyourselfgraspingawingwithfeathersspread. Aswordisraisedtoprotect
you-butno,itiswieldedbythetalonofabirdofprey,anddownitcrashesonyou.
Pointedorfan-shapedtailssproutunderyourflanchards,yourgreavesencom-
passslendershanks, whilebreastplatesputforth feathers and thetrumpetsemit
shrillbirdcries,twitteringsandchirrupings.Therefollowsachain-reactionmeta-
morphosisofmanintobirdandbirdintoman.Orrather,oncloserconsideration,
andseeingthatmenhavealreadytransformedthemselvesintocrustaceansbydon-
ningtheirarmor,it isbetweencrustaceansandbirdsthatthemetamorphosistakes
place;anexchangeinwhichyoudonotknowwhere-andif-manstillexists.
1985
Translated from the Italian by Patrick Creagh
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