Chapter 6

5(a) Villus
(b) - Thin alveolus wall, epithelium with a thickness of only one cell
- Overall surface area is large
- Has a network of blood capillaries and lymph
(c) Vena portal hepar
(d)(i) Amino acids / glucose / water soluble vitamin
(ii) Glucose (molecules) are oxidised/ broken down to release energy.
Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the S / liver
Amino acids are used to build new cell / synthesis protoplasm/ plasma protein enzyme/
hormone/ haemoglobins.
The amino part of amino acid is removed in a process called deamination
(iii) Excess amino acids are not converted into urea
Excess glucose which is converted in to glycogen is not stored in the liver
(e) Fatty acid / glycerol
Vitamin A / D/ E / K

F4 SBP DIAGNOSTIK 2007





2(a)


(b)

(c)









Reaction X : grana
Reaction Y : stroma

Palisade mesophyll cell / spongy mesophyll cell / guard cell

Reaction X
(light
reaction)
Reaction Y
(dark reaction)
F2 Require
water for
photolysis
Require
hydrogen for
reduction of
carbon dioxide
F3 Produce ATP
and oxygen
Produce glucose
as the final
product
(d)


(e) (i)



(ii)
F : photolysis of water
E : Light energy is used to split water molecules into hydroxyl ions
(OH
-
) and hydrogen ions (H
+
)
F : Rate of photosynthesis decreases
E1 : Low light intensity
E2 : Low temperature

F : Grow the crops in greenhouse.
E : Temperature and light intensity
are artificially controlled.
F4 SBP DIAGNOSTIK 2008
4(a)(i) Answer: Stomach
(ii) The food digested in stomach is protein.
Stomach secrete gastric juices contain pepsin.
Pepsin hydrolyses protein to polypeptide.
Rennin hydrolyses caseinogen to casein.
(b) Bacteria in the food cannot be killed.
Cannot provide acidic medium for enzyme reaction
Pepsin inactive, so proteins are unable to be hydrolysed.
Renin is inactive, so protein in milk cannot be coagulated
// caseinogen unable to be transform into insoluble casein.
(Any 2)
(c) The food in R has less content of starch / protein / lipid (than in P). // The food in R has
higher content of glucose / amino acid / fatty acid and glycerol (than in P).
Starch is broken down / hydrolysed into maltose by amylase / into glucose by maltase /
sucrase / lactase.
// Protein is broken down / hydrolysed into polypeptides / peptones by pepsin / into
peptides by trypsin / into amino acid by protease / erepsin. // Lipid is broken down /
hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerols by lipase.
(d) (i) Amino acids are absorbed (by the villi).
by facilitated diffusion into blood capillaries.
// The remaining amino acids is absorbed by active transport.
(ii) Complex food material is digested into simpler form. // Protein is hydrolysed / broken
down into amino acids // Other examples.
Simpler molecules / amino acids / other examples are able to pass through the plasma
membrane of the villi.

SBP PERFECT SCORE 2007
1(a)


(b)(i)
(ii)







(c)







(d)

X : villus
Y : liver

Small intestine / ileum
F1- numerous micro villus
E1- increase total surface area for absorption
F2-numerous blood capillaries
E2-to increase rate of transportation/ diffusion of digested food / examples
F3- have thin wall/ one cell-thick
E3- facilitate diffusion of digested food / examples.

F1 : there is no insulin // glucagon
E1 : excess blood glucose cannot be converted to glycogen // glycogen cannot be
converted to glucose.
E2: blood sugar level increase // blood sugar level decrease.
F2 : No enzyme trypsin / amylase / lipase is secreted.
E1 : protein / starch/ lipid not digested.
E2 : body lack of amino acid / glucose/ fatty acid and glycerol.

- P contains less glucose while Q contains more.
- P contains less amino acid while Q contains more