Chapter 1: Functions

1.1 Relations

An arrow diagram
Example:

Objects: 1, 2, 3, 4
Image : 7, 8, 9
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Codomain: {7, 8, 9 }
Range of relation: 7

Ordered pairs
Example:
{(1, 7), (2, 7)}

Cartesian graph
Example:


















Type of Relations
One to one relation


One to many relation

Many to one relation

Many to many relation






1.2 Functions
Example Question SPM - Paper 1

Example 1:
The diagram below, set Q shows the images of the element of set P.


(a) State the type of relation between set P and set Q.
(b) By using function notation, write down a relation between set P and set Q.









Example 2:
The diagram shows part of the mapping f: x mx+c.
f: x mx+c

Find:
(a) the value of m and c
(b) f(2)





Example 3:
{ (1,4) , (2,6) , (3,8) , (5,8) }
Based on the set of ordered pairs above, state
(a) The objects of 8
(b) The range.


Example 4:
The following ordered pairs represent the relation is divisible by from
set A = { 4 , 12 , 15 } to set B = { 2 , 3 , 5 }
{ (4 , 2) , (12 , 2) , (12 , 3) , (15 , 3) , (15 , 5) }
(a) Determine the images of 12
(b) Determine the objects of 3


Example 5:
The diagram shows the relation between set M and set N.

Set M Set N
State
(a) The images of the relation
(b) The type of the relation

Example 6 :
The diagram shows the images of certain elements of set A.

Set A Set B
(a) State the type of relation between set A and set B
(b) Using the function notation, write a relation between set A and B.



Example 7:
The diagram shows the linear function h.
x h (x)

(a) State the value of k.
(b) Using the function notation, express h in terms of x.




Example 8:
Given the function f: x

find
(a) The image of 2
(b) The objects that have 4 as their image.






Example 9:
Given the functions f: x 3x -2 and g : x 5 x , find
(a) (

)
(b) ()
(c) (

)
(d) ()
(e) () ()









Example 10:
Given the following f : x 4 2x and g : x

, find the value of x in each of the

following.
(a) ()
(b) ()
(c) ()
(d) () ()









Example 11:
The diagram shows the function f : x

, where m is a constant.

Find
(a) The value of m.
(b) The values of x such that f(x) = x


Example 12:
The diagram shows the graph of the function
() , for the domain -2 x 0.





State
(a) The value of t.
(b) The range of f(x) corresponding to the given domain.





Example 13:
A function h is define by
h : x 3 +

(a) Find f (-2) and (

)
(b) Given that f (k) = 2k, find the possible values of k.