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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No
INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC 10
OBJECTIVES 11-12
INTRODUCTION 13-72
Vishal Mega Mart Review 14
Company Profile 14-17
Overview of Global & Indian Retail Scenario 18-29
Industry evolution 30
Structure of retail industry 31
Segment of retail industry 32-35
Recent trends in retailing 36-50
Newer concept-Farm retailing 51-64
Opportunity in retail industry 65-72
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 73-74
Type of research
Sampling technique
Size of sample
Universe
Type of data
Data collection instrument
Data analysis technique
Sources & Statistical analysis
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS & INTERPRETATION 75-93
SUGGESTIONS 94-96
CONCLUSIONS 97-100
LIMITATIONS 101-102
BIBLIOGRAPHY 103-104
ANNEXURE 105-109
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INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT





This project work deals with the topic:

A STUDY ON EMERGING TRENDS OF INDIAN RETAIL
INDUSTRY & PROSPECTS FOR VISHAL MEGA MART.















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OBJECTIVES

1. To evaluate the recent trends of Indian retail industry in order to
come out with prospects for Indias one of leading retail chains
Vishal Mega-Mart.

2. Simultaneously to know the people perceptions towards retail
outlets.

3. To know the consumers expectations from Vishal Mega Mart.

4. To come out with conclusions & suggestions based on the analysis
& interpretation of the data.






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COMPANY PROFILE

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V I S H A L
Value Increase Shopping Hypermarket Affordable Low Price
Founded in1986 in Kolkata.
180 showrooms in 100 cities/24 states.
Opened as Indian 1
st
hyper-market.
Turnover : 2005 - Rs. 1463.12mn
2006 - Rs. 2884.43mn
2007 - Rs. 6026.53mn
2008 Rs. 1,005.31mn
It has over 70,000 products range.
Covering about 29,90,146 sq. ft. in 24 states across india.
VISHAL Apparels Brands
Zeppelin :
Mens Shirts &
Trousers
Fizzy Babe : Ladies & Kids Girls
Kitaan Studio :
Mens Shirts &
Trousers
Jasmine : Ladies & Kids Girls
Blues & Khakis Mens Trousers Zero Degree : Kids Boys
Paranoia : Mens Shirts & T-Shirts Soil : Mens Shirts
Chlorine : Mens Shirts Massa Bay : Mens Trousers & Bermudas
Fume :
Mens Shirts, T-Shirts,
UnderGarments.

Any place that calls itself Vishal which means big and also, adds a mega to
its name must be gigantic, right? Wrong! The only thing big about this place is its
name. The rest would give a pimple an inferiority complex. Just goes to show you
the magnitude of their extremely inflated egos that they have to call themselves
such a thing.
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Fine, now that we are in, lets check out what they have to offer. The clothes look
decent, feel decent and are also decently priced, but decency isnt actually a virtue
now-a-days. Despite the absence of any well known brands, their range is pretty
diversified and well maintained. They stack clothes for men two floors of it, by
the way women and children and most new designs find mention. Youd have to
actually take the plunge and buy stuff to discover whether they would last though.
The place on the whole is worth a visit, for the clothes, if not for anything else.
Started as a humble one store enterprise in 1986 in Kolkata(erstwhile, Calcutta) is
today a conglomerate encompassing 180 showrooms in 100 cities / 24states. Indias
first hyper-market has also been opened for the Indian consumer by Vishal. Situated
in the national capital Delhi this store boasts of the singe largest collection of goods
and commodities sold under one roof in India.

Vishal Retail is one of the fastest growing retail chain in Indian Retail market. The
chain has currently 180 showrooms in 24 states. The vishal brand is known for great
modern style for men, women, and children. Vishal offers high level fashion styling.
Since 1986, the name vishal has been synonymous quality, value, and fashion
integrity. The company was started under the leadership of Mr. Ram Chandra
Agarwal, a dynamic personality.

Vishal offers an unparalleled collection of cloths for the entire family. . Each garment
is hand selected for quality and contemporary styling. Vishal manufactures majority
of its own garments and out sources some under its direct quality supervision. This
enables us to offer the lowest possible and most reasonable prices.

Its goal is to provide a range of fashion wear to suit every pocket. Our product mix
represents the most current fashion trends in tops, bottoms, formals and accessories
for men, women and kids. Our courteous staff will ensure that consumers get a
perfect fit. All vishals stores are air conditioned and tastefully decorated with easy
excess to the products, giving to customers a unique shopping experience. Vishals
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trained staff will be able to help you select the garment of your choice and also help
you color coordinates the accessories that you may want to buy.
The group is today Rs. 6026.53 million company. The groups prime focus is fashion
retailing. The Vishal stores offer affordable family fashion at prices to suit every
pocket.

The groups philosophy is integration and towards this end has initiated backward
integration in the field of high fashion by setting up a state of the art manufacturing
facility to support its retail endeavors.

Vishal is one of fastest growing retailing groups. Vishals outlets cater to almost
all price ranges. Our showrooms have a product range so wide that all your
household needs can be catered under one roof. Our stores give you international
quality goods and prices hard to match. The cost benefits that we derive from our
large central purchase of goods and services are passed on to the consumer.

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Our loyalty programme gives the Indian consumer of being rewarded every time
he makes a purchase at any of our stores anywhere in
the country. Consumers can make purchases at any
store and accumulate points at a central level. These
points are redeemable at any of our stores. You can
accumulate points even when you make a purchase
while traveling and redeem points at any store. So no
matter where you are in India you can partake in our
loyalty programme.

Infrastructure


The VISHAL Group





Vishal Retail Ltd. has a factory in Gurgaon, Haryana. This
factory has more than 700 imported machines that have a
capacity to manufacturer 150000 pieces a month. The
factory occupies 80000 sq ft of covered space. The Vishal
group indirectly gives employment to more than a 1000
people. These people work in ancillaries that supply
finished goods to the company. Our 10 warehouses cater
to 180 showrooms in 20 states/100 cities. It is covering
about 2189292 sq. ft. in 20 states across India.



11

RETAIL INDUSTRY




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The India Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries, accounting for
over 10 per cent of the countrys GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment.
The Retail Industry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast
paced industries with several players entering the market. But all of them have not
yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required to
break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry
is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry.

The total concept and idea of shopping has undergone an attention drawing change
in terms of format and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in
shopping in India. Modern retailing has entered into the Retail market in India as is
observed in the form of bustling shopping centers, multi-storied malls and the huge
complexes that offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof.

A large young working population with median age of 24 years, nuclear families in
urban areas, along with increasing workingwomen population and emerging
opportunities in the services sector are going to be the key factors in the growth of
the organized Retail sector in India. The growth pattern in organized retailing and
in the consumption made by the Indian population will follow a rising graph
helping the newer businessmen to enter the India Retail Industry.

In India the vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are the key
attractive forces for global retail giants wanting to enter into newer markets, which
in turn will help the India Retail Industry to grow faster. Indian retail is expected to
grow 25 per cent annually. Modern retail in India could be worth US$ 175-200
billion by 2016. The Food Retail Industry in India dominates the shopping basket.
The Mobile phone Retail Industry in India is already a US$ 16.7 billion business,
growing at over 20 per cent per year. The future of the India Retail Industry looks
promising with the growing of the market, with the government policies becoming
more favorable and the emerging technologies facilitating operations.


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The Global Retail Scenario
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Large format retail businesses dominate the retail landscape in the United States
and across Europe, in terms of retail space, categories, range, brands, and volumes.
Indian retail industry cannot hope to learn much by merely looking at the Western
success stories in retail. Their scales of operations are very huge, the profit margins
that they earn are also much higher and they operate in multiple formats like
discount stores, warehouses, supermarkets, departmental stores, hyper-markets,
convenience stores and specialty stores.. The economy and lifestyle of the West is
not in line with that of India and hence the retailing scene in India has not evolved
in the same format as the West nor can we learn valuable lessons from their style
of operations.

In retailing, the conventional wisdom used to be, that, the critical success factor
was location. But precise location no longer matters and geo-demographics is
increasingly becoming irrelevant. The leading multiple chain retailers, superstores
and malls create their own centers of gravity, attracting customers by car, bus, train
or even by plane to wherever they are located.

The growth of multiple chain retailers has been relentless for many years in the
west and this has been accompanied by the development of retail names as brands
in their own right. Discount retailer Walmart has catapulted to the top of the
Fortune 500 rankings in the U.S. with a turnover of $258 billions (2003 revenues
the basis for 2004 rankings), ahead even of oil major Exxon Mobil and the
mammoth manufacturing giant General Electric.

Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer. Already the worlds largest employer with
over 1million associates, Wal-Mart displaced oil giant Exxon Mobil as the worlds
largest company when it posted $219 billion in sales for fiscal 2001. Wal-Mart has
become the most successful retail brand in the world due its ability to leverage
size, market clout, and efficiency to create market dominance. Wal-Mart heads
Fortune magazine list of top 500 companies in the world. Forbes Annual List of
Billionaires has the largest number (45/497) from the retail business.
A ruthless policy, of, Always Low prices - Always has brought Walmart to the
top. On the day after Thanks giving in November 2002, Wal-Mart sales hit $1.43
billion in one single day. Walmart and Nordstrom in the U.S. and Sainsburys and
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Marks & Spencer in the U.K. have grown by rapid geographic expansion in their
own countries. Specialists like Benetton of Italy and IKEA of Sweden and The
Body Shop of the UK are international and the fast food chains like McDonalds
and Pizza Hut are everywhere. The same products are increasingly available from
the same names on every continent. Retailers worldwide have immensely benefited
from the sustained growth of the disposable income of their global consumers.
Retail has played a major role world over in increasing productivity across a wide
range of consumer goods and services.

The impact can be best seen in countries like U.S.A., U.K., Mexico, Thailand and
more recently China. Economies of countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Hong
Kong, Sri Lanka and Dubai are also heavily assisted by the retail sector.

Retail is the second-largest industry in the United States both in number of
establishments and number of employees. It is also one of the largest world-wide.
The retail industry employs more than 22 million Americans and generates more
than $3 trillion in retail sale annually. Retailing is a U.S. $7 trillion sector.




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Geographic Saturation:

The end of the nineties has signified a turning tide of retailer power. The limit to
retail ambition is geographic saturation. There is already a fear that the U.S is
over- malled, that available shopping space exceeds customer demand for
products. The retailer logic that if we build new stores they will come, is being
belied. Many retailers have started postponing their store expansion plans. The
track record of some of their international store expansions is also not promising.

Category Killer Competition:

The threat of saturation is accompanied by a new competition from the low cost
category killers. Specialist competition is eating away at the market share and
forcing down the prices and gross margins of the multiple chains. The success of
the giant killers in the toys segment Toys R Us and in home furnishings Home
Depot, in the area a case in point.

Alternative Shopping Channels:

The newest retail format that is showing growth in the U.S., and is more
frightening for retailers than for consumers, is the Internet. The potential for on-
line shopping which is growing in the U.S. questions retailers investments in more
physical sites and stores and makes it imperative that they too explore the new
agenda of E-retailing or e-tailing

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The Indian Retail Scenario

Retail is India's largest industry. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the India's GDP
and around eight per cent of the employment. Retail sector is one of India's fastest
growing sectors with a 5 per cent compounded annual growth rate. India's huge
middle class base and its untapped retail industry are key attractions for global
retail giants planning to enter newer markets. Driven by changing lifestyles, strong
income growth and favorable demographic patterns, Indian retail is expected to
grow 25 per cent annually. The Indian retail industry is expected to grow to $427
billion in 2010 and $637 billion in 2015. Retailers of multiple brands can operate
through a franchise or a cash-and-carry wholesale model. It is expected that retail
in India could be worth US$ 175-200 billion by 2016.

India is the country having the most unorganized retail market. Traditionally it is a
familys livelihood, with their shop in the front and house at the back, while they
run the retail business. More than 99% retailers function in less than 500 square
feet of shopping space. Global retail consultants KSA Technopak, have estimated
that organized retailing in India is expected to touch Rs 35,000 crore in the year
2005-06. The Indian retail sector is estimated at around Rs 900,000 crore, of which
the organized sector accounts for a mere 3 per cent indicating a huge potential
market opportunity that is lying in the waiting for the consumer-savvy organized
retailer. Emerging markets such as India and China are the final frontier for retail
taking the focus away from saturated Western markets. Since 2001, 49 global
retailers entered 90 new markets, but at the same time, 17 retailers left markets in
2005.
The organized retail industry in India had not evolved till the early 1990s. Until
then, the industry was dominated by the un-organized sector. It was a sellers
market, with a limited number of brands, and little choice available to customers.
Lack of trained manpower, tax laws and government regulations all discouraged
the growth of organized retailing in India during that period. Lack of consumer
awareness and restrictions over entry of foreign players into the sector also
contributed to the delay in the growth of organized retailing. Foundation for
organized retail in India was laid by Kishore Biyani of Pantaloon Retails India
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Limited (PRIL). Following Pantaloon's successful venture a host of Indian business
giants such as Reliance, Bharti, Birla and others are now entering into retail sector.

A number of factors are driving India's retail market. These include: increase in the
young working population, hefty pay-packets, nuclear families in urban areas,
increasing working-women population, increase in disposable income and
customer aspiration, increase in expenditure for luxury items, and low share of
organized retailing. India's retail boom is manifested in sprawling shopping
centers, multiplex- malls and huge complexes that offer shopping experience,
complete entertainment and different types of food all under one roof.

But there is a flip side to the boom in the retail sector. It is feared that the entry of
global business giants into organized retail would make redundant the neighbour-
hood kiryana stores resulting in dislocation in traditional economic structure. Also,
the growth path for organized retail in India is not hurdle free. The taxation system
still favours small retail business. With the intrinsic complexities of retailing such
as rapid price changes, constant threat of product obsolescence and low margins
there is always a threat that the venture may turn out to be a loss making one.

A perfect business model for retail is still in evolutionary stage. Procurement is
very vital cog in the retail wheel. The retailer has to fight issues like fragmented
sourcing, unpredictable availability, unsorted food provisions and daily fluctuating
prices as against consumer expectations of round-the-year steady prices, sorted and
cleaned food and fresh stock at all times. Trained human resource for retail is
another big challenge. The talent base is limited and with the entry of big giants
there is a cat fight among them to retain this talent. This has resulted in big salary
hikes at the level of upper and middle management and thereby eroding the profit
margin of the business. All the companies have laid out ambitious expansion plans
for themselves and they may be hampered due lack of requisite skilled manpower.

But retail offers tremendous for the growth of Indian economy. If all the above
challenges are tackled prudently there is a great potential that retail may offer
employment opportunities to millions living in small town and cities and in the
process distributing the benefits of economic boom and resulting in equitable
growth.
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Purchasing power of Indian urban consumer is growing and branded merchandise
in categories like Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even
Jewellery, are slowly becoming lifestyle products that are widely accepted by the
urban Indian consumer. Indian retailers need to advantage of this growth and
aiming to grow, diversify and introduce new formats have to pay more attention to
the brand building process. The emphasis here is on retail as a brand rather than
retailers selling brands. The focus should be on branding the retail business
itself. In their preparation to face fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must
come to recognize the value of building their own stores as brands to reinforce
their marketing positioning, to communicate quality as well as value for money.
Sustainable competitive advantage will be dependent on translating core values
combining products, image and reputation into a coherent retail brand strategy.

There is no doubt that the Indian retail scene is booming. A number of large
corporate houses Tatas, Rahejas, Piramalss, Goenkas have already made
their foray into this arena, with beauty and health stores, supermarkets, self-service
music stores, new age book stores, every-day-low-price stores, computers and
peripherals stores, office equipment stores and home/building construction stores.
Every retail category has been attacked, by the organized players today. The Indian
retail scene has witnessed too many players in too short a time, crowding several
categories without looking at their core competencies, or having a well thought out
branding strategy.

As the corporates the Piramals, the Tatas, the Rahejas, ITC, S.Kumars, RPG
Enterprises, and mega retailers- Crosswords, Shoppers Stop, and Pantaloons race
to revolutionize the retailing sector, retail as an industry in India is coming alive.
Retail sales in India amounted to about Rs.7400 billion in 2002, expanded at an
average annual rate of 7% during 1999-2002. With the upturn in economic growth
during 2003, retail sales are also expected to expand at a higher pace of nearly
10%. Across the country, retail sales in real terms are predicted to rise more
rapidly than consumer expenditure during 2003-08. The forecast growth in real
retail sales during 2003- 2008 is 8.3% per year, compared with 7.1% for consumer
expenditure. Modernization of the Indian retail sector will be reflected in rapid
growth in sales of supermarkets, departmental stores and hyper marts. Sales from
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these large-format stores are to expand at growth rates ranging from 24% to 49%
per year during 2003-2008, according to a latest report by Euro monitor.

In a developing country like India, a large chunk of consumer expenditure is on
basic necessities, especially food-related items. Hence, it is not surprising that
food, beverages and tobacco accounted for as much as 71% of retail sales in 2002.
The share of food related items had, however, declined over the review period,
down from 73% in 1999. This is not unexpected, because with income growth,
Indians, like consumers elsewhere, have started spending more on non-food items
compared with food products. Sales through supermarkets and department stores
are small compared with overall retail sales.

Nevertheless, their sales have grown much more rapidly, at almost a triple rate
(about 30% per year during the review period). This high acceleration in sales
through modern retail formats is expected to continue during the next few years,
with the rapid growth in numbers of such outlets due to consumer demand and
business potential.

The factors responsible for the development of the retail sector in India can be
broadly summarized as follows:

Rising incomes and improvements in infrastructure are enlarging consumer
markets and accelerating the convergence of consumer tastes. Looking at income
classification, the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER)
classified approximately 50% of the Indian population as low income in 1994- 95;
this is expected to decline to 17.8% by 2006-07.

Liberalization of the Indian economy which has led to the opening up of the
market for consumer goods has helped the MNC brands like Kellogs, Unilever,
Nestle, etc. to make significant inroads into the vast consumer market by offering a
wide range of choices to the Indian consumers.

Shift in consumer demand to foreign brands like McDonalds, Sony, Panasonic,
etc.

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The internet revolution is making the Indian consumer more accessible to the
growing influences of domestic and foreign retail chains.

Reach of satellite T.V. channels is helping in creating awareness about global
products for local markets. About 47% of Indias population is under the age of 20;
and this will increase to 55% by 2015. This young population, which is
technology-savvy, watch more than 50 TV satellite channels, and display the
highest propensity to spend, will immensely contribute to the growth of\ the retail
sector in the country. As India continues to get strongly integrated with the world
economy riding the waves of globalization, the retail sector is bound to take big
leaps in the years to come.

The Indian retail sector is estimated to have a market size of about $ 180 billion;
but the organised sector represents only 2% share of this market. Most of the
organised retailing in the country has just started recently, and has been
concentrated mainly in the metro cities. India is the last large Asian economy to
liberalize its retail sector. In Thailand, more than 40% of all consumer goods are
sold through the super markets and departmental stores. A similar phenomenon has
swept through all other Asian countries. Organised retailing in India has a huge
scope because of the vast market and the growing consciousness of the consumer
about product quality and services.

A study conducted by Fitch, expects the organized retail industry to continue to
grow rapidly, especially through increased levels of penetration in larger towns and
metros and also as it begins to spread to smaller cities and B class towns. Fuelling
this growth is the growth in development of the retail-specific properties and malls.
According to the estimates available with Fitch, close to 25mn sq. ft. of retail space
is being developed and will be available for occupation over the next 36-48
months. Fitch expects organized retail to capture 15%-20% market share by 2010.

A McKinsey report on India says organised retailing would increase the efficiency
and productivity of entire gamut of economic activities, and would help in
achieving higher GDP growth. At 6%, the share of employment of retail in India is
low, even when compared to Brazil (14%), and Poland (12%).

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Retailing in India is gradually inching its way to becoming the next boom industry.
The whole concept of shopping has altered in terms of format and consumer
buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in shopping. Modern retail has entered
India as seen in sprawling shopping centres, multi-storeyed malls and huge
complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof.
The Indian retailing sector is at an inflexion point where the growth of organised
retail and growth in the consumption by Indians is going to adopt a higher growth
trajectory. The Indian population is witnessing a significant change in its
demographics. A large young working population with median age of 24 years,
nuclear families in urban areas, along with increasing working-women population
and emerging opportunities in the services sector are going to be the key growth
drivers of the organised retail sector.
Initially, this was about Indian corporate houses rolling out malls and
supermarkets, but with Wal-Mart coming into the Indian market, the era of the
superstore is dawning. Unlike the kirana stores that served us for decades, this new
breed of retail chains is heavily dependent on IT.
Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer, and Bharti Enterprises have signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to explore business opportunities in the
Indian retail industry. This joint venture will mark the entry of Wal-Mart into the
Indian retailing industry.
The biggest competitor for Bharti-Wal-Mart is likely to be Reliance Retail, the
retail wing of Reliance, which had planned to establish 10,000 stores by 2010. It
had already opened 11 pilot stores under the Reliance Fresh format in
Hyderabad.
All these trends and developments present a great business opportunity for
software and hardware vendors from across the globe. Indian solution providers
are targeting this segment have reason to rejoice. For while organised retail
occupies a miniscule two to three percent of the overall Indian retailing industry,
that is poised to change.


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Traditionally retailing in India can be traced to

The emergence of the neighborhood Kirana stores catering to the convenience
of the consumers.
Era of government support for rural retail: Indigenous franchise model of store
chains run by Khadi & Village Industries Commission

1980s experienced slow change as India began to open up economy.

Textiles sector with companies like Bombay Dyeing, Raymond's, S Kumar's and
Grasim first saw the emergence of retail chains

Later Titan successfully created an organized retailing concept and established a
series of showrooms for its premium watches

The latter half of the 1990s saw a fresh wave of entrants with a shift from
Manufactures to Pure Retailers.

For e.g. Food World, Subhiksha and Nilgiris in food and FMCG; Planet M and
Music World in music; Crossword and Fountainhead in books.

Post 1995 onwards saw an emergence of shopping centers, mainly in urban
areas, with facilities like car parking

Emergence of hyper and super markets trying to provide customer with 3 Vs -
Value, Variety and Volume

Expanding target consumer segment: The Sachet revolution - example of
reaching to the bottom of the pyramid.

At year end of 2000 the size of the Indian organized retail industry is estimated at
Rs. 13,000 crore
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STRUCTURE OF RETAIL INDUSTRY IN INDIA

The retail industry continued in India in the form of Kiranas till 1980. Soon,
following the modernisation of the retail sector in India, many companies started
pouring in the retail industry in India like Bombay Dyeing, Grasim etc. As has
been mentioned earlier the retail sector in India can be widely split into the
organised and the unorganized sector. The unorganized sector is predominant.

Unorganized Retail Sector
The unorganized retail sector basically includes the local kiranas, hand cart, the
vendors on the pavement etc. This sector constitutes about 98% of the total retail
trade.
Organised Retail Sector
The organised sector trading is undertaken by the licensed retailers who have
registered themselves to sales as well as income tax. The organised retail sector
have in their ambit, corporate backed hypermarkets and retail chains. The private
large business enterprises are also included under the organised retail category.

The organised retail sector can be further subdivided into:
In-store Retailers
This type of retail format is also known as the brick and mortar format. These retail
stores are in the form of fixed point sale outlets. They are specially designed to lure
the customers. There are different types of stores through which the instore
retailers operate. Branded Stores appear in the form of exquisite showrooms. Here
the total range of a particular brand is available and the quality is certified by the
government. There are also multi brand specialty stores that sell a series of brands
so that the consumers are free to choose from the wide variety of available brands.

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SEGMENT OF RETAIL


The Indian retail industry is diversified into different segments such as clothing,
textile, jwelery, wathches, footwear, health and beauty product, consumer durables,
Mobile, furniture,food & grocery, book, music etc.In terms of retail sale the major
contribution is of food & grocery, followed by clothing and textile, jwelery etc.
Now if we look at the table above then it is
evident that in organised retail sale, clothing, textile & fashion accessiories
dominates in terms of sale followed by food and grocery sale. The total
contribution of organised retail is just 3 % of total retailing. In percentage terms
clothing, textile & fashiopn accessiories dominates the organised reatil sale. So one
thing can be concluded here that inspite of having good retail sale in food and
grocery ,organised retail contributes only 11% .
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Grafical representation of expenditure on consumption

If we look at the Indian consumption and expenditure than it become quite
obivious that majar share of expenditure on consumption is being utilised in retail
sales. From the above graph is clear that out of the Rs 16,90,000 cr expenditure in
final consumption the major share is retail sale. It is 55% (ie. Rs. 9,30,000 out of
Rs 16,90,000) of the total expenditure. This graph also tell us the story of lion,
which being the fast moving consumer goods in the retail sector. The US$ 6.1
billion Indian foods industry, which forms 44 per cent of the entire FMCG sales, is
growing at 9 per cent and has set the growth agenda for modern trade formats.
27



The Indian retail sector can be broadly classified into:

a) FOOD RETAILERS

There are large number and variety of retailers in the food-retailing sector.
Traditional types of retailers, who operate small single-outlet businesses mainly
using family labour, dominate this sector .In comparison, super markets account
for a small proportion of food sales in India. However the growth rate of super
market sales has being significant in recent years because greater numbers of
higher income.

b) HEALTH & BEAUTY PRODUCTS

With growth in income levels, Indians have started spending more on health and
beauty products .Here also small, single-outlet retailers dominate the market
However in recent years, a few retail chains specializing in these products have
come into the market. Although these retail chains account for only a small share
28

of the total market , their business is expected to grow significantly in the future
due to the growing quality consciousness of buyers for these products .
c) CLOTHING & FOOTWEAR

Numerous clothing and footwear shops in shopping centers and markets operate all
over India. Traditional outlets stock a limited range of cheap and popular items; in
contrast, modern clothing and footwear stores have modern products and attractive
displays to lure customers. However, with rapid urbanization, and changing
patterns of consumer tastes and preferences, it is unlikely that the traditional outlets
will survive the test of time.

d) HOME FURNITURE & HOUSEHOLD GOODS

Small retailers again dominate this sector. Despite the large size of this market,
very few large and modern retailers have established specialized stores for these
products. However there is considerable potential for the entry or expansion of
specialized retail chains in the country.

e) DURABLE GOODS

The Indian durable goods sector has seen the entry of a large number of foreign
companies during the post liberalization period. A greater variety of consumer
electronic items and household appliances became available to the Indian
customer. Intense competition among companies to sell their brands provided a
strong impetus to the growth for retailers doing business in this sector.

f) LEISURE & PERSONAL GOODS

Increasing household incomes due to better economic opportunities have
encouraged consumer expenditure on leisure and personal goods in the country.
There are specialized retailers for each category of products (books, music
products,etc.) in this sector. Another prominent feature of this sector is popularity
of franchising agreements between established manufacturers and retailers.

29

RECENT TRENDS IN RETAILING




Earlier in the Retail industry growth rate graph is is quite clear that retail industry
is growing at a steady pace of 8-9 %.bUt the organised retail is growing at a very
fast pace ie, 30%. So it is estimated that by the year ending 2010 the total volume
of organised retail will be near to Rs 100,000 cr.
Structural changes in retail will surely start
affecting a large number of small retailers at some stage, be it after one or two
decades, especially when the overall size of the organized retail in food reaches
about 25-30%, said the report prepared by researchers of the International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Michigan State University (MSU). The
emerging structural transformation in retail trade would benefit the society as a
whole, but noted that the gains will accrue early to consumers
30




Malls in India


The largest form of organized retailing today. Located mainly in metro cities, in
proximity to urban outskirts. Ranges from 60,000 sq ft to 7,00,000 sq ft and above.
They lend an ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of product, service
and entertainment, all under a common roof. Examples include Shoppers Stop,
Piramyd, and Pantaloon. Over the last 2-3 years, the Indian consumer market has
seen a significant growth in the number of modern-day shopping centers, popularly
known as malls. There is an increased demand for quality retail space from a
varied segment of large-format retailers and brands, which include food and
apparel chains, consumer durables and multiplex operators.
31


Shopping-centre development has attracted real-estate developers and corporate
houses across cities in India. As a result, from just 3 malls in 2000, India is all set
to have over 220 malls by 2005. Today, the expected demand for quality retail
space in 2006 is estimated to be around 40 million square feet. While previously it
was the large, organised retailers with their modern, up-market outlets, and direct
consumer interface- who had been a key factor driving the growth of organized
retail in the country, now it is the malls which are playing the role.

Factors such as availability of physical space, population densities, city planning,
and socio-economic parameters have driven the Indian market to evolve, to a
certain extent, its own definition of a mall. For example, while a mall in USA is
400,000 to 1 million sq.ft. in size, an Indian version can be anywhere between
80,000 sq.ft. and 500,000 sq.ft. By 2005, total mall space in the 6 cities of
Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, and National Capital Region
(Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon) is expected to increase to over 21.1 million sq. ft.

Compared to other big cities, Kolkata and Hyderabad are relatively new entrants in
the mall segment, but are witnessing quick growth. Smaller cities like Pune,
Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Jaipur, Chandigarh and Indore, are also
expected to see a formidable growth in the growth of malls in the near future. But
malls in India need to have a clear positioning through the development of
differential product assortment and differential pricing, in order to compete
effectively in a growing mall market.

Segmentation in malls, like up-market malls, mid-market malls, etc. , proper
planning, correct identification of needs, quality products at lower prices, the right
store mix, and the right timing, would ensure the success of the mall revolution in
India.






32



Supermarkets (Foodworld,Spencers)
Hypermarkets (Big Bazaar,Trent )
Department Stores (Shoppers Stop,LifeStyle)
Specialty Chains (Spar)
Discount Chains (Subhiksha)
Cash N Carry (Metro)
Petro Convenience (In & Out, Shell)
Kiranas: Traditional Mom and Pop Stores
Kiosks
Street Markets
Exclusive /Multiple Brand Outlets

33

Hyper marts/Supermarkets

Large self-service outlets, catering to varied shopper needs are termed as
Supermarkets. These are located in or near residential high streets. These stores
today contribute to 30% of all food & grocery organized retail sales. Super
Markets can further be classified in to mini supermarkets typically 1,000 sq ft to
2,000 sq ft and large supermarkets ranging from of 3,500 sq ft to 5,000 sq ft.
having a strong focus on food & grocery and personal sales.

Department Stores

Large stores ranging from 20000-50000 sq. ft, catering to a variety of consumer
needs. Further classified into localized departments such as clothing, toys, home,
groceries, etc. products catering to all basic needs to luxurious items as well.
Departmental Stores are expected to take over the apparel business from exclusive
brand showrooms. Among these, the biggest success is K Raheja's Shoppers Stop,
which started in Mumbai and now has more than seven large stores (over 30,000
sq. ft) across India and even has its own in store brand for clothes called Stop.

Specialty Stores

Chains such as the Bangalore based Kids Kemp, the Mumbai books retailer
Crossword, RPG's Music World and the Times Group's music chain Planet M, are
focusing on specific market segments and have established themselves strongly in
their sectors.

Discount Stores

As the name suggests, discount stores or factory outlets, offer discounts on the
MRP through selling in bulk reaching economies of scale or excess stock left over
34

at the season. The product category can range from a variety of perishable/ non-
perishable goods.
Convenience Stores

These are relatively small stores 400-2,000 sq. feet located near residential areas.
They stock a limited range of high-turnover convenience products and are usually
open for extended periods during the day, seven days a week. Prices are slightly
higher due to the convenience premium

MBOs

Multi Brand outlets, also known as Category Killers, offer several brands across a
single product category. These usually do well in busy market places and Metros.

Trade parks

Trade parks are basically business complexes that promote international trade. The
global players here have access to the top Indian exporters. To the buyers this
would prove to be a boon since they do not have travel to far off towns to enter
into business deals with the exporters, especially in places where infrastructure is
very poor. By this the exporters not only enhance their visibility but they also
enjoy a host of other advantages. They can design libraries, studio etc, in order to
attract potential customers.

Forecourt Retailing

This type of retailing is done by the oil companies in order to increase their
revenue. They not only deliver fuel but also offer other services to its customers.


35





Retailing in India is witnessing a huge revamping exercise as can be seen in the
graph

India is rated the fifth most attractive emerging retail market: a potential
goldmine.

Estimated to be US$ 200 billion, of which organized retailing (i.e. modern trade)
makes up 3 percent or US$ 6.4 billion

As per a report by KPMG the annual growth of department stores is estimated at
24%
36


Ranked second in a Global Retail Development Index of 30 developing countries
drawn up by AT Kearney.

Multiple drivers leading to a consumption boom:

Favorable demographics Raising aspirations : Value added goods sales.

Growth in income Increasing population of women

Food and apparel retailing key drivers of growth

Organized retailing in India has been largely an urban phenomenon with affluent
classes and growing number of double-income households.

More successful in cities in the south and west of India. Reasons range from
differences in consumer buying behavior to cost of real estate and taxation laws
.
Rural markets emerging as a huge opportunity for retailers reflected in the share
of the rural market across most categories of consumption

ITC is experimenting with retailing through its e-Choupal and Choupal Sagar
rural hypermarkets.
HLL is using its Project Shakti initiative leveraging women self-help groups
to explore the rural market.
Mahamaza is leveraging technology and network marketing concepts to act as an
aggregator and serve the rural markets.

IT is a tool that has been used by retailers ranging from Amazon.com to eBay to
radically change buying behavior across the globe.

e-tailing slowly making its presence felt.

Companies using their own web portal or tie-sups with horizontal players like
Rediff.com and Indiatimes.com to offer products on the web.
37




The above two pictures shows us that how service to customer has changed during
the due course of time. In earlier days the retailing format allows the customers to
purchase product from specific counter they are not allowed to look for different
products by themselves, so ultimately they are bound to purchase goods from the
shop as per the recommendation of the retailer.

But this form of retailing i.e. counter service is overtaken by self service. In this
new pattern the customers to alllowed to roam inside the premise of the shop to
collect different types of goods, which they wish to purchase. So this type of self
service pattern has increased the buying experience of the customer and this has
also increase the sale volume of the retail outlet.

So, this change in retailing trends has tremendously increased the number of
customer towards the retail outlet.
38




A Stock Keeping Unit, or SKU as an initialism is a unique identifier for each of
the distinct products and services that can be ordered from a supplier.SKUs are
often assigned and serialized at the merchant level. All merchants using the SKU
method will have their own approach to assigning the numbers based on regional
or national corporate data storage and retrieval strategies.

Over the past 30 years, the role of the warehouse has changed dramatically as
customer and vendor compliance issues have surfaced and a greater emphasis has
been placed on supply chain visibility and customer satisfaction.

There for the stock keeping units, or SKU has increased so many folds. In older
days the number of SKUs used to be lass than 200. But now a days it has
matamorfised to 8,000-10,000 SKUs. this has increased the visibility of the
products in the ware house.
39




If we go foe the size of a retail outlet than it is quite obvious from the above two
pictures that the size of shop has increased from few hundred sq ft. shop to few
thousand sq. ft. shop. Earlier the shops were kirana stores, pop and mom stores
which were very less in terms of size. These stores are specially meant for catering
the needs of nearby localites. So naturally the no of shops were more as compared
to the new format of shops

But if we look at the big size outlets such as hypermarkets, supermarkets,etc. there
size is 50,000 sq. ft. and more. Now the new size of outlet i.e. lakh sq. ft. outlets
are in pipeline. In this new big size retail outlets goods are displayed in an orderly
manner, for example different corners for catering different sets of peoples.

Now every big business houses is in process of entering into this type of big space
retail business, eg. Bharti is foraying in this type of retail after reliance had made
their entry.
40




Now retailing has changed its pattern in terms of gadgets application. Earlier the
shops were using very less gadgets which are manually operated. In some cases
there were no use of gadgets in retailing. But with the elipse of time gadgets are
being incorporated in retailing day by day.

Now each type of retailing sector,it may be textile, grocery, food and beverage
e.t.c has incorporated advanced gadgets in their retail sales. For Ex. In food and
beverages retailing refrigrators, Proper lighting e.t.c used frequently.

In milk retailing today refrigetator vachile are being used for sale. Now even
grocery are being sold in new type of gadgets. So the application of gadgets has
increased the fresness of goods and increased the diplay of products helping


41




Retailing sector has undergone a mammoth change over the last decade. The late
nineties saw a how the modern day computers, printers, and scanners, etc have
replaced the traditional bahikhatas.

So fast and smooth has been this change that in no time, cities ranging from the
metropolitan background to the most mediocre background, have already accepted
this change with open arms.

In the years to come, we perhaps might see more such changes coming our way
and expect a similar fashion of acknowledgement and acceptance from its users.




42



In early days business were run without using Bar code. This type of operation is
being performed by the retailer manually. Now a days Bar coding is frequently
used by the retailer in there business operations. Barcoding helps business
streamline operations by automating data collection.
In recent times bar code is replaced by advanced RFID . It helps the retailer in
augemented sales operation Both bar coding and RFID are quite similar; both are
intended to provide rapid and reliable item identification and tracking capabilities.
The primary difference between the two technologies is that bar coding scans a
printed label with optical laser or imaging technology, while RFID scans, or
interrogates, a tag using radio frequency signals. Because of the low cost of bar
code labels, established standards, and global deployment, bar coding is a widely
accepted, mature technology, while, in the past, RFID had been limited to niche
applications.
43







Shopping has never been such interesting, thanks to the latest efforts of the retail
chains, that today people create time to shop around, rather than finding time to
shop, as in before this retail boom. They have increased the buying experience by
introducing shoppertainment. Today it is perceived as one of the most look after
shopping.

Retail chains have pulled every trick from their hat, to lure the customers, hold
their imaginations, and provide them interesting options consistently. And they
have been successful so far, but lets see how long

44

NEWER CONCEPT- FARM RETAIL

The New Middle Man


The food and grocery business offers a beguiling prospect,
although estimates vary widely. The India Retail Report 2007, put together by leading
Indian and foreign consultancies, estimates that the retail pie was worth Rs 1,200,000
crore in 2006, with food and groceries accounting for a whopping 63 per cent. But the
share of organised retail in this sector was negligible.
According to Crisil Research, food and grocery (F&G) items account for a significant
74 per cent of total retail sales, which it places at Rs 12,80,000 crore (Rs 14.8 trillion)
in 2008. However, F&G accounts for only 18 per cent of the total organised retail
market, as the penetration of organised retail in the F&G vertical is a mere 1 per cent.


What it means is that the opportunity in agriculture is very, very big as Rakesh
Bharti Mittal, vice chairman of Bharti Enterprises, says. The company, which
revolutionised telecom in the 1990s by expanding its reach to millions of customers, is
hoping to do the same with its foray into agriculture, specifically vegetables and fruits.
It has launched Field Fresh Foods in partnership with EL. Ro Holdings India, an
investment company of the Rothschild family, and expects a turnover of $1 billion (Rs
4,100 crore) in five years.

45

Mittal will be invest Rs 10,000 crore ($ 2.5 billion) to cover 10 million sq. ft. of retail
space by 2015. By then, they hopes to cover all cities with a population of one million
and above. The underlying philosophy, the company says, is to link Indian farms to the
world by creating the countrys first global outsourcing opportunity in fresh produce.
Its 300-acre farm leased from the Punjab Agricultural University has been
experimenting with exotic vegetables destined for the European market. Snow peas,
cherry tomatoes, bell peppers and sugar snap peas are being tested out at the Ladowal
farm close to Ludhiana, which is the lynch pin of its farming initiative.
The numbers get bigger with RIL. Officials have refused to discuss its retail plans with
media, but company sources say it is setting aside Rs 50,000 crore to build its farm-to-
fork linkage. Reliance has drawn up plans for a presence in 784 towns and 6,000 mandi
(wholesale market) towns with 1,600 rural business hubs to service these. It has already
rolled out 177 Reliance Fresh stores across major towns in 11 states. According to a
company report, RIL is targeting a turnover of Rs 40,000 crore in the next few years.
All of a sudden, the farmer is in demand. Retail chains want his produce they also
want his farm. Companies from DCM to the Tatas to Triveni are investing big to help
the countrys notoriously inefficient and hamstrung agriculture to scale up production,
modernise farm practices and persuade farmers to use the best seeds and improved
irrigation system so that they get good returns .

If India Inc is expected to invest more in agriculture, many of the existing acts need to
be amended. Till the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act is
amended, farmers cannot sell their produce in the open market, but only in the mandis
(wholesale markets). The mandi is controlled by the arthiyas (commission agents) and
mashokars (middle men) who pay a fee to the government for the upkeep of the market
and improving the infrastructure.
So far, 16 states have amended the Act but until these states frame the rules under the
amended Act it remains a legislative exercise that does not change ground realities.
Delhi has once again extended the deadline to March 2008 for all 29 states to amend
the law.Till that happens, India will remain one of the most fragmented markets for
agriculture produce.
46

The amendment of the Act has paved the way for contract farming in a numbers of
states although there is a restriction on the lease period. Under the model law on
contract farming, a farmer can lease out his land for a minimum of 11 months and a
maximum of 30 months. Companies getting into retail complain that 30 months is too
short a time to recoup investments. Farmers are wary of longer leases because they fear
they would lose their land rights. The corporate entrants have been seeking an
amendment in the Revenue Act so that they can lease land for up to 10 years. Says
Rakesh Mittal: We need to amend the law so that farmers can lease land on long
tenure without alienating their ownership rights.
Currently, only three states Punjab, Haryana and Maharashtra allow farmers to lease
land. Here too, farmers are now leasing out their land for 30 months. In the wake of the
agitation against the special economic zones however, companies are finding it very
difficult almost impossible to pick up land for agricultural purposes.

For most, one of the inspirations has been PepsiCo. The food subsidiary of the US soft
drink company has been successful in transforming agriculture in a part of Punjab
where Pepsi pioneered the concept of contract farming for bulk procurement of crops
like potato, tomato, groundnut, chilli and paddy. In partnership with the Punjab
Agriculture University and Punjab Agro Industries Corporation, it used location-
specific R&D to boost yields of tomato and chilli by almost three times.
It is the same idea that is driving the latter-day corporate farm evangelists. Mittal says
drip irrigation methods will be promoted to stop the wastage of water which he terms
an ecological nightmare. Other good practices are part of the package that companies
are offering farmers across the country: improved seeds, fertilisers and pesticides,
technical support on multi-cropping, better irrigation methods.
47



All of which would raise farm incomes by at least 30 per cent. Even better, farm
employment would go up since horticulture is labour-intensive and would keep more
people employed on the farm than other crops. Alongside, this would come an
impressive network of infrastructure from pre-coolers and pack houses to cold stores
and refrigerated trucks.
48

For Indian agriculture, this could be a Godsend as it struggles to move up the value
chain. Horticulture growth rates in India have been dismal at 4 per cent for the last
decade compared with a staggering 56 per cent globally. A 2 percent increase in
growth of production in the last two years has brought total production to 184.8 million
tonnes.
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables (15 per cent and 11 percent
respectively) but way behind China which accounts for 34 percent of world output.
Fortuitously for the farmers, retail interest is happening at the right time when the
interests of big business, the farmer and the consumer are coinciding. And as it
happened with the Green Revolution, a public-private partnership is falling into place.
Since 2004, the agriculture ministry has been taking more than a cursory interest in this
sector and set up the national horticulture mission to give the much needed thrust to the
farm-to-fork campaign. S. K. Pattanayak, joint secretary in the agriculture ministry,
says the basic effort is to help farmers equip them to meet domestic and export demand
more efficiently. A star feature of this plan is the terminal market, a one-stop shop that
will offer state-of-the art facilities for grading, storing and transport of perishables,
besides banking.
The first of these is coming up in Chandigarh and Reliance is among the four
companies that have been shortlisted by the Punjab agriculture department. Eight of
these terminal markets are coming up in the country in an initiative that is being
monitored by Yes Bank as the consultant to the project. For both farmers and the retail
chains, these markets will be linked to a number of collection centres in key centres.
Why should the entry of big companies in F&G mean good news for the farmer, 75 per
cent of whom are small and marginal cultivators with less than a hectare of land? The
simple reason is that almost all of these companies are planning huge backend
operations to create captive agricultural bases, either for their retail outlets or for
supply. For starters, it means that farmers can sell directly to these retailers or
aggregators such as Trikaya Agriculture and break free of the regulated mandis (see
Restrictive laws). In this scheme of things, the farmers share in the retail price is as
little as 12-15 per cent compared with 40 per cent for farmers in Thailand.
49

The World Bank believes that huge investments by the retail biggies in the supply
chain infrastructure could usher in a service revolution that would shorten the distance
that fresh produce travels to reach the consumer. In a supply chain analysis of 13 high
value commodities that covered 1,400 farmers, 200 commission agents and 65
exporters across the country, the Bank found that high transport costs and multiple
players in the linear supply chain were crippling horticulture. India is a large low-cost
producer of fruits and vegetables but is unable to compete in the global market on
account of what it terms the logistics tax on fresh farm produce. The inefficiencies in
the system also mean that 25-30 per cent of the produce (valued at Rs 50,000-52,000
crore) is wasted, imposing additional burden on both the grower and the consumer.
Big retails plans to clean up the back-end may change all this. Trikaya Agriculture and
Mahindra Shubhlabh are just waiting for organised agro-retail business to take off.
According to the Central Potato Research Institute of India (CPRII), India produces 25
million tonnes of potatoes. For those who can link the supply chain from the farm to
the shelf, a business worth Rs 2,500 crore is up for grabs. Mahindra Shubhlabh is
upbeat about this development and is already testing different supply chain models to
link agro-retail firms. It would either enable the transportation of farm products to a
store or become what are known as aggregators of farm produce. This term is used
when the retailer leases out a small section of a store to the aggregator, whose business
is to collect produce from different farms and fill up empty shelves in the store.
The profit sharing margins on the particular space leased in the store would depend on
the retailer. The aggregator could use a mix of warehouses, cold storage facilities and
refrigerated trucks depending on the kind of product that is to be put on the shelf. He
will also bear the loss in the case of perishable items when in transit. Tesco in Europe
has 7 per cent of its $40 billion business being managed by aggregators and
distributors. If this happens in India with agro-retail, there is a lot of money for us,
says Vikram Puri.
Mahindra Shubhlabh is already working in 100,000 acres of farmland, which includes
contract farming. They have also leased 55 acres from farmers in Punjab for the same
purpose.
In the process of setting up the retail networks, these large corporations are changing
50

the domestic agricultural landscape. For starters, they are introducing the Indian farmer
to better seeds, new technology, supply chain management and food processing. These
companies have already brought in technology that increases the shelf life of fruits and
vegetables.
Primarily, there are three models being worked on by India Inc. First, a model farm
like Bhartis FieldFresh. Second, contract farming. Third, contact farming. In contract
farming, the farmer is supplied seeds and other ingredients by the company. The
contractor buys the entire farm produce at a pre-fixed price. However, in case there is a
supply shortage and the price offered by the government is higher than the price
contracted by the company, the farmer can sell it all to the government.
Contact farming is a more complicated. Here, a farmer takes land on lease from other
farmers. He is generally paid Rs 15,000 per acre every year, while the marginal farmer
is employed to work on his land for which he is paid a monthly salary. But Bharti says
it is switching to contract farming because of the complexities of contact or
collaborative farming.
Not surprisingly, Punjab is ground zero for both Bharti and Reliances food retail
ventures. After all, Punjab is where the Green Revolution changed the face of Indian
agriculture in the mid-1970s. Punjab is also the first state to set up the terminal market
that will act as a major catalyst for farm growth.
In other parts of the country too, companies like farmers will be benefiting from
the groundwork done by the government to promote precision farming in horticulture.
Companies from Mumbai are making a beeline for Tamil Nadus Dharmapuri village,
which has made a signal success of its fruit and vegetable production, thanks to
government support. It has corporates with big retail plans knocking on the doors.
Officials from Reliance and the Aditya Birla group have visited the village recently
especially for looking to source vegetables directly.

These retail chains are sourcing produce through three routes. One, from village
markets or mandis. Second, from APMC yards. And, third, by linking directly with
farmers. Food Bazaar has links with farmers growing potatoes and fruits. It has even
51

gone on to link farmers in the dairy business with the help of a company called
Dynamic Dairy in Maharashtra. It has also sourced produce from farmers growing
exotic vegetables like red pepper, mushroom, etc.
In Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, farmers have formed cooperatives and regularly supply
mangoes to retail chains. We sold 35,000 tonnes of mangoes from Ratnagiri last year.
The farmers managed to get 90 per cent of the original cost, says Arvind Chaudhary,
CEO Pantaloon Retails food business.
If they had gone to a mandi they would have realised only 70 per cent of the cost. This
year, Pantaloons Food Bazaar is planning to buy 100,000 tonnes of mangoes. The
supply chain is managed such that mangoes are transported to the store a week before
they become ripe. Cold chain is used only in the case of potatoes, where 5,000 tonnes
are stocked in UP. Pantaloons food business is growing at 25 per cent in the entire Big
Bazaar chain, which also sells FMCG products.
However, there are certain issues that agro-retail chains will have to address before
they can make the farmer smile. Hurdles such as bad infrastructure, high cost logistics
management, the middleman and the limiting APMC Act will have to be crossed if
retail has to assist the farmer, says Choudhary. Since the existing supply chain allows
them to connect with only those farms that are nearest to the cities, those living in the
hinterland still have no access to markets. Importantly, the best of these stores shy
away from commenting on the investments.
Godrej Agrovet on the other hand has tactfully used its marketing experience in rural
areas by opening advice centres called Aadhar. These centres will enable the farmer
to increase his production from 40 tonnes per acre to 100 tonnes per acre. This year,
the company will cover 2,500 villages and farms in these villages will be directly
linked to its retail business, Natures Basket, in Mumbai. The proposition here is to
remove the intermediary who is adding more cost than value, says C.K. Vaidya,
managing director of Godrej Agrovet. Godrej too does not use the cold chain. A
modern supply chain, including refrigerated trucks and warehouses, would come at a
high cost and the burden is borne by the consumer. The consumer should be prepared
to pay this cost, Vaidya says.
52

This development poses two challenges for retail firms. First, they would have to
squeeze the supply chain in order to offer the best prices. Here, the farmer will have to
bear the brunt and could end up sacrificing more than he can in terms of price
realisation. Second, the consumer is left with no choice but to pay a higher cost for
getting fresh farm products. This is an issue that retail stores will grapple with and only
certain items such as oranges and potatoes will be stored in the cold chain. Importantly,
they will stick to proximity. Access to farms within a 4-5 hour reach will determine
pricing and the product mix in the agro-retail business.
This apart, there has been a call to set up an exchange market for agricultural produce.
This free market principle, CEOs feel, will liberate the farmer in terms of actual price
realisation and keep him out of debt for the coming season. The National Spot
Exchange Limited, an exchange which is dedicated for agri-produce, is supposed to
create a benchmark even for the small farmer who can sell only one quintal. The price
in the exchange will be determined by many buyers around the country and not the
local trader, says Anjani Sinha, managing director and CEO of NSEL. The NSEL is in
the process of setting up 117 warehouses and cold chains of 700,000 metric tonnes
capacity each to make the exchange operational.
Though farmers are upbeat about selling directly, they are still wary. They (corporate
retail chains) wanted to ink a deal with us and were even talking about a partnership
model. But we need a fixed price over a certain period, they say.
Right now, companies are mostly dealing with farmers on the periphery of cities but
analysts say they would ultimately have to invest in cold chains and move into the
interiors. Whether companies except for those with deep pockets like Reliance
will have the courage to do that is in question. According to the confederation of Indian
industry, if India has to double fruits and vegetables production to 300 million tones by
2012, it would require pumping in close to Rs 20,000 crore. But analysts warn that
such investment may not pay dividend since it doubles the cost of transportation.
53



So, how will retail chains be able to pay the farmer a higher price, subsidise the cold
chain and yet give it cheap to consumers in the long run? Most vegetables and several
fruits dont need cold chains, says S. Sivakumar, ITCs chief executive, agri
businesses. Vegetables are grown in the periphery of towns and they can move in
ambient chains. Whats required is better coordination along the chain to minimise
wastage.
But, for the moment, retail chains continue to side-step the key question: Will farmers
benefit? It is competition that will bring down the margins but the savings will be
pocketed by the retailers themselves. But the savings could very well be pocketed by
the retailers themselves, concedes Siva Kumar.
Its a different universe out there, says he. Companies need to empathise with the
farmer and build relationships on a win-win wicket. Otherwise, it just wont work.
Putting the farmer under contract
54


Behind the squeaky clean showrooms of the new food retail outlets that are dotting the
cityscape, dirty wars are being fought. There is poaching of staff and suppliers, and
aggressive price discounting as rival retail chains try to win custom and destroy
competition. Most of the grubby skirmishes are over farmers - and their produce.
Suddenly, the humble grower of veggies and fruits is being sought out and wooed as
corporate India's biggest names try to secure enough supplies to feed their rapidly
proliferating chains.
In this mad scramble, loyalty is at a discount. That's what the cooperative sector giant
Mother Dairy is discovering to its chagrin. The milk cooperative, which diversified
into fruits and vegetables (F & V) in the 1980s, is losing its traditional suppliers as
retail chains with deep pockets woo them with hefty premiums. Increasingly, Mother
Dairy's back end, built up painstakingly over the past two decades, is coming under
strain. The farmers who have been growing F & V specifically for its Safal outlets have
been selling their produce to the new chains which are ready to pay that much more.
This has come as a rude shock for Mother Dairy which has cast itself in the role of the
farmer's saviour. An old hand of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB),
Mother Dairy's parent organisation, laments farmers' collectives that were put together
after "years of blood, sweat and tears". NDDB set up the Safal F & V unit in 1988,
using the milk model to bring good quality vegetables at low prices to Delhi
consumers. The turnover on this was Rs 200 crore last year.
55

Over the years, it has cobbled together a network of 10,000 famers on the periphery of
Delhi to form associations that supply 350 tonnes of F&V to the city. These are mainly
marginal farmers with an average holding of three acres. The farmers work to a
monthly crop plan prepared by Safal's procurement team and are given seeds and
fertilizer from a support division which also send out extension workers to the farms.
So far the system has worked well. Farmers tend to be loyal because Mother Dairy is
an assured buyer. "We never say no to farmers, whatever they bring," says Sunil
Bansal, the new CEO of the F&V unit. If there is a glut, a median price is struck,
ensuring that the farmer is not put to a loss while ensuring that consumers benefit from
the low prices. But things are changing for the cooperative enterprise. Private players,
desperate for supplies and footfalls are offering big premiums to farmers coupled with
hefty discounts to customers.
Sometimes, the supply of a certain vegetable or fruit just doesn't reach the collection
centres; it is bought up by the corporate rivals. At other times, Safal is unable to match
the price offered by the new chains. This in turn would affect its turnover and,
subsequently, its ability to pay the farmer. What can Safal do in the circumstances?
Nothing much really. Bansal might claim that farmers will largely remain loyal to an
organisation that has stood by them through thick and thin and that the farmer will "see
through the entry strategy" that the corporate chains are employing. The reality is that
supplies cannot be guaranteed unless buyers have some kind of lien on the crop, say
the experts. In short, contract farming. (Corporate farming on a commercial is ruled out
for the moment given India's laws on land holdings and usage).
There is one school of thought which believes there is a certain inevitability to contract
farming. "The agriculture model has to change because the stakes are so high," says
Devangshu Dutta, chief executive, Third Eyesight, a Delhi-based consultancy focussed
on retail and consumer products. And going by the experience, he thinks that contract
farming is the solution since it has worked well for a number of companies in several
crops, such as wheat, gherkins, tomatoes and potatoes.
Not everyone agrees the contract farming is the only way forward. S. Sivakumar, ITC's
chief executive, agribusiness, says that while contracting does help, it is not a
56

precondition. "If the prices are volatile, and the products have a ready market, then
contracts tend to fail because one party gains by reneging," he points out. Setting up
buying centres closer to villages would be the best option for most companies.
But then not everyone has ITC's rural pedigree: 100 years of tobacco farming and
another 30 years in oilseeds. This has given ITC enviable farm linkages. To feed its
initial foray into retail - that's just three cash and carry stores in Hyderabad, Pune and
Chandigarh - the agri division works with 600 farmers spread across the same three
clusters on everyday vegetables such as tomato, gourds, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal
and potato. For its export business ITC works with grape and mango farmers, some
3,000 in all to procure about 25,000 tonnes. This number will go up as the stores
expand.
The more stunning numbers are to be found in the non-perishables that go into ITC's
branded foods business. In spices and wheat, it partners with 100,000 farmers (for
700,000 tonnes) and an even larger number for its grain & oilseed exports: three
million farmers for procuring two million tones.
With such experience behind it, it is easy for ITC to maintain that contract farming is
not important. But for new entrants in the retail food business which includes every big
name from the petroleum giant Reliance Industries to the telecom biggie Mittal
contract farming, such figures provide an indication of the scale of operations that are
required. As companies look at the challenges of managing the rural environment it is
prompting them to seek more safeguards for their nascent enterprises.
This has increased the pressure on states to amend the state Agricultural Produce
Marketing Committee (APMC) Act that would not only enable the farmers to sell their
produce directly but also facilitate contract farming. So far only three states have eased
the rules on this.
This is a political hot potato since the Left opposes contract farming ideologically,
while the Congress has remained ambivalent. Those who champion it say that India is
ideally placed to pursue contract farming since the market is changing from a supply-
dictated production system to demand-driven value chains. However, the debate has
tended to get stuck on the contract violations that have taken place in the past. Both the
57

contracting company and the farmer are known to have reneged on contracts on
account of market fluctuations. While corporate clients are known to have backtracked
on paying the agreed price when the markets have slumped, farmers have also been
guilty of refusing to make the contracted supplies when the markets have shown an
upswing.
But there have been excellent success stories, too. The seed industry and poultry are
good examples of farmers and agri-related businesses working well without a written
contract. And that has operated for three decades. It is commonsense that contract
farming succeeds when there is "natural reciprocal dependency between the contracting
parties", says Siva Kumar, who is regarded as the guru of agribusiness. The basic
caveat: never let it become a zero sum game.
His formula for successful contract farming includes the following enablers:
* market institutions that provide risk transfer mechanisms (again, the game is not zero
sum)
* protection through crop/weather insurance (this increases the risk-taking ability of the
contracting parties by spreading the same to the market)
* an environment does not allow one party to exploit the disadvantaged counterparty.
All of this means that government would have a significant role to play. It would have
to set up a regulatory framework to facilitate registration of contracts and quick
resolution of disputes. Siva Kumar, in fact, believes the government should be a party
to the contracts so that farmers are not taken for a ride.
But the fact is there is no law on contract farming, only a model regulation under the
APMC Act that the ministry of agriculture has offered as a guideline for the states.
Some state governments have allowed the companies to increase the lease of farms
from 11 months to 30 months but none of them has so far thought of bringing the
farmer into the debate on contract farming. It is largely the companies that are pushing
the drive for a more liberal approach to this initiative -and for a simple reason.
For companies, contract farming would be part of their cost structure and as such their
58

focus will be on minimising the costs. According to one reckoning, such an enterprise
is unlikely to be a profit centre for corporate investors since it would take as long as 7-
9 years for them to recoup their costs.
For the farmers, on the other hand, it could very well be a life and death matter. That's
why agriculture minister Sharad Pawar needs to give some attention to this issue and
prod state governments to take the right measures to protect the small cultivator. So
while contract farming offers a great opportunity to transform several hundred million
from subsistence farmers to partners in a prosperous endeavour, the authorities need to
ensure they are guarded from the hidden traps.
With some thought, Dutta says the government can help create what he calls a wave of
Agriculture Product Outsourcing as it pushes its farm-to-fork initiative. But he warns
that there are no quick fixes.
"It's going to be a struggle and will take quite a few years for things to stabilise."
In recent weeks, Usha Tandon's routine has changed slightly.
It is a small but significant shift in buying patterns and offers a clue as to why the
biggest names in corporate India, from Reliance Industries (RIL), the oil and
petrochemicals behemoth, and the AV Birla group to the Mittals of telecom fame,
Pantaloon Retail and RPG group to a host of smaller players have jumped into retailing
of fresh vegetables and fruits along with other groceries. They have joined a clutch of
slightly older firms like Mahindra Shubhlabh Services, Godrej Agrovet and R.
Subramanian and associates who promote the standalone Subhiksha chain.
Opportunity in Indian Retail

Standing on the threshold of a retail revolution and witnessing a fast changing
retail landscape, India is all set to experience the phenomenon of a global village.
India presents a grand opportunity to the world at large, to use it as a business hub.
A Vibrant Economy, India tops A T Kearneys list of emerging markets for
global retailers for the 3rd consecutive year. The 2nd fastest growing economy in
the world, the 3rd largest economy in terms of GDP in the next 5 years and the 4th
59

largest economy in PPP terms after USA, China & Japan, India is rated among the
top 10 FDI destinations.

With a stable Government with 2nd stage reforms in place, India can be reasonably
proud of having put in place some of the most widely accepted Corporate Ethics
(Labour Laws, Child Labour Regulations, Environmental Protection Lobby,
Intellectual Property Rights, and Social Responsibility) and major tax reforms
including implementation of VAT, all of which make India a perfect destination
for business expansion.

India is the fastest-growing market in Asia Pacific for international tourist
spending, according to latest Visa Asia Pacific release. The economy is growing by
over 8 per cent a year and Indias growth rate can actually exceed that of China by
2015. The Indian economy is expected to grow larger than Britains by 2022 and
Japans by 2032 to become the third-largest economy in the world after China and
US and finally become the second largest economy after China by 2050.

Investments

51% FDI allowed in single brand retailing FDI Laws relatively liberal in wholesale
trade
Metro AG and Shoprite already operating

More Foreign Retailers eyeing possibilities in wholesale
Tesco and Carrefour expected to operate soon
Wal-Mart has already sined a JV with the Bharti Group

Woolworths (Dick Smith Electronics - durable retail arm) recently started
their operations through a JV with Tatas with plans to open 60 Croma stores
by 2009.
French retailer Geant is also expected to begin operations in India soon.

A report by investment banker Goldman Sachs, credits India with the potential to
deliver the fastest growth over the next 50 years. According to Standard & Poor's,
60

foreign direct investment (FDI) to India is likely to grow the fastest in next few
years. As targeted FDI is to hit $13 billion in the 12 months ending March 2007,
more than double Indias previous best of $5.5 billion hit in the previous year.
India is investing over US $130 billion in infrastructure by the end of this decade.
Indian retail industry itself has attracted investment of over INR 200 billion (over
$4 billion) in creating infrastructure, systems & shop-fit. The additional retail
space is expected to add INR 300 billion ($ 6.67 billion) of business to organised
retail.
Indias stock market continues to rise at unprecedented levels and foreign investors
are flooding in. The quantum of investments is likely to skyrocket as the inherent
attractiveness of the segment lures more and more investors to earn large profits.

The Indian Consumer

With the largest young population in the world - over 890 million people below 45
years of age! India is indeed a resplendent market. India has more English
speaking people than in the whole of Europe taken together. Its 300 million odd
middle class, the Real consumers, is catching the attention of the world. As the
economy grows so does India's middle class. It is estimated that 70 million Indians
earn a salary of over INR 800,000 ($18,000) a year, a figure that is set to rise to
140 million by 2011. The number of effective consumers is expected to swell to
over 600 million by 2010 sufficient to establish India as one of the largest
consumer markets of the world
.


Private Consumption & Retail

With the changing face of retail, the Indian consumer is in for a rapid
transformation. While the consumer spending continues to grow at double digit
figures, leading retailers have recorded an increase in sales between 50 to 100
percent in the calendar year 2006 over the previous year.

61

According to India Retail Report 2007, the total private consumption touched INR
20,000 billion (US $ 445 billion) at current prices in the calendar year 2006 with
organised sector accounting for INR55,000 crore ($12.4 billion) business
increasing its share to 4.6 per cent of the total Indian Retail Value that stood at
INR12,000 billion ($270 billion). Moving forward, organized retailing is projected
to grow at the rate of about 37 per cent in 2007 and 42 per cent in 2008. Organised
retail in India has the potential to add over INR 2,000 billion ($45 billion) business
by the Year 2010.
The consumer spending is ultimately pushing the economy into a growth-and-
liberalisation mode. The Indian market is becoming bolder by the day, with the
economy now expected to grow at over 8 per cent and average salaries being hiked
by about 15 per cent, there will be lot more consumption.

Opportunity for Global Players

Favourable demographic and psychographic changes relating to Indias consumer
class, international exposure, availability of quality retail space, wider availability
of products and brand communication are some of the factors that are driving the
retail in India. Over the last few years, many international retailers have entered the
Indian market on the strength of rising affluence levels of the young Indian
population along with the heightened awareness of global brands, international
shopping experiences and the increased availability of retail real estate space.
Development of India as a sourcing hub shall further make India as an attractive
retail opportunity for the global retailers. Retailers like Wal-Mart, GAP, Tesco, JC
Penney, H&M, Karstadt-Quelle, Sears (Kmart), etc stepping up their sourcing
requirements from India and moving from third-party buying offices to
establishing their own wholly owned / wholly managed sourcing & buying offices
shall further make India an attractive retail opportunity for the global players.
Manufacturers in industries such as FMCG, consumer durables, paints etc are
waking up to the growing clout of the retailers as a shift in bargaining power from
the former to the latter becomes more discernible. Already, a number of
manufacturers in India, in line with trends in developed markets, have set up
dedicated units to service the retail channel. Also, instead of viewing retailers with
suspicion, or as a necessary evil as was the case earlier, manufacturers are
62

beginning to acknowledge them as channel members to be partnered with for
providing solutions to the end-consumer more effectively.
Though lucrative opportunities exist across product categories, food and grocery,
nevertheless, presents the most significant potential in the Indian context as
consumer spending is highest on food. Further, wet groceries i.e. fresh fruits and
vegetables is the most promising segment within food and grocery as very few
organized retailers have tapped this opportunity in spite of wet groceries being the
preferred choice of most Indian households.
The next level of opportunities in terms of product retail expansion lies in
categories such as apparel, jewellery and accessories, consumer durables, catering
services and home improvement. These sectors have already witnessed the
emergence of organized formats though more players are expected to join the
bandwagon. Some of the niche categories like Books, Music and Gifts offer
interesting opportunities for the retail players.

Currently the fashion sector in India commands a lions share in the organised
retail pie. This is in line with the retail evolution in other parts of the world, where
fashion led the retail development in the early stages of evolution and was
followed by other categories like Food & Grocery, Durables etc. Fashion across
lifestyle categories makes up for over 50 per cent of organised retail and with the
kind of retail space growth that India is witnessing we can certainly foresee a very
healthy prospect for the fashion industry.

As nations become richer, their people start appreciating luxury goods and fine
dining. India has over one million such people and this number is expected to triple
by 2010. A recent report divides consumers for luxury goods into four categories
luxuriated: source of affluence is largely traditional and inherited; New rich:
adequate spending power and are acquiring orientation to luxury; Getting there:
acquiring spending power and spend mainly on education, housing and large
automobiles; Mid-affluent: are also acquiring orientation to luxury but unlikely to
indulge beyond a limit.

The most important categories for luxury goods consumers are housing, travel,
education, higher end automobiles, electronics and other home improvement
products besides fashion, lifestyle and fine dining. The most important reason for
63

luxury retail not taking off in India so far has been the lack of luxury retail
environment. The presence has been primarily confined to luxury hotels with
shopping plazas.


Retail Space Growth

100 mn sq ft of quality shopping centre space by 2007-08

To generate retail sales of over Rs. 50,000 cr ($ 11 bn)

Rs. 20,000+ cr ($ 4 bn+) investment in pipeline for retail infrastructure, systems &
shop-fit

Space for 15,000+ new outlets, 100 hypermarkets, 500 department stores and 2000
supermarkets

Over 10,000 small and big existing outlets to undergo complete facelift

By the Year 2010-11 this space will grow to 300 million sq. ft. offering business
worth over $17 billion for Design, Shop Fit and support systems.




Plans of Some of the Large Retailers:

Pantaloon : Expansion into all possible formats of retail across categories and
segments. 30 mn sq.ft by FY10, foray in insurance, real estate and consumer
finance the turnover is expected to touch Rs. 30,000 cr ($ 6.67 bn) in FY10-11.

Reliance : Rs. 30,000 cr ($ 6.67 bn) investment to set up multiple retail formats
with expected sales of Rs. 90,000+ cr ($ 20 bn) by 2009-10
64


RPG : Planning IPO, 450+ MusicWorld, 50+ Spencers Hyper covering 4 mn sq ft
by 2010

Lifestyle : Rs. 450+ cr ($ 90 mn) investment in next 5 years to expand on Max
Hypermarkets & value retail stores, Home & Lifestyle Centres.

Rahejas : Shoppers Stop, Crossword, Inorbit Mall, Home Stop and recently
lunched hypermarket named Hypercity. 55 hypermarkets across India, by 2015.
Subhiksha : 1000 stores and Rs. 1000+ cr ($ 240 mn) sales by Dec 2007.

Piramyd : 1.75 mn sq ft of retail space and 150 stores in next 5 years.

Trent : Trent to open 27 more stores across its retail formats adding 1 mn sq ft of
space in the next 12 DLF malls.

Trinethra : Recently acquired by the AV Birla group, Trinethra (currently with
two formats - Trinethra and Fabmall) plans 220 stores with a turnover of over Rs.
300 cr ($667 mn) this fiscal.

Vishal Group : Plans include an IPO and investment close to Rs. 1250 cr ($ 278
mn) by 2010, targeting 220 outlets, taking its cumulative retail space to 5 mn sq ft
and sales turnover of Rs. 5000 cr ($ 1 bn+).

Bharati Group : Plans Rs. 31,500 cr (US$ 7 bn) investment in creating retail
network in the country including 100 hypermalls and several hundred small stores





65

FACTS OF THE MORADABAD VISHAL STORE:

STORE NAME: VISHAL MEGA MART MORADABAD
ADDRESS: Madhubani complex, PAC road Moradabad
ZONE: NORTH
TOTAL SERVICE AREA: 2000
TOTAL RETAIL AREA: 20077
AREA OF THE STORE: 22077
NUMBER OF FLOORS: 2 (GROUND FLOOR,1ST FLOOR,.)
NO. OF GANDOLAS: 478
OPENING DAYS: 7
SHWROOM TIMINGS: 10:00am TO 10:00pm
TOTAL SKU 20540 (11290 + 9250 own brands )
TOTAL STAFF STRENGHT: 75(70+5 LPO)


66

67

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Type of research : Descriptive research
Sampling technique : Restricted random sampling
Size of the sample : 250
Universe All customers of store
Type of data : Primary data
Data collection instrument Questionnaire method
Data analysis tech Quantitative
Sources & statistical analysis Through chart & table






68












69

Q1. How frequently you visit Vishal Mega Marts?
a) More than once in a week
b) Once in a week
c) Once in a month
d) Not estimated

More than once
in a week
Once in a week Once in a month Not estimated
No. of
Respondents
13 81 54 102


Interpretation: This question was designed in order to study the buying pattern of
the consumers. The findings showed that 40.8% consumers most of them are not
random in their buying. Although there are 32.4% & 21.6% people who visit Vishal
Mega Mart once in a week and month respectively. We can say around half of the
buying in Vishal Mega Mart is frequent & random and the rest is vice-versa.
No. of Respondents
More than once in a week Once in a week
Once in a month Not estimated
70


Q2. Which type of retail outlet would you prefer for shopping?
a) Mom & pop shops
b) Retail as separate outlet
c) Shopping malls
d) Anyone of them


Mom & pop shops
Retail as separate
outlet
Shopping malls Anyone of them
No. of
Respondents
00 59 124 67



No. of Respondents,
Mom & pop shops, 0,
1
No. of Respondents,
Retail as separate
outlet, 59, 1
No. of Respondents,
Shopping malls, 124,
1
No. of Respondents,
Anyone of them, 67,
1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Mom & pop shops
Retail as separate outlet
Shopping malls
Anyone of them
71

Interpretation: This question was asked in order to know the preference of the
consumers among the various available options. The findings were quite surprising that
none of them prefer Mom & pop shops, although 26.8% people are ready to choose
anyone of them. This shows the increased attraction towards complete shopping
experience which consumers get in shopping malls.

Q3. How deep is your attachment with Vishal Mega Marts?
a) Loyal
b) Loyal to some extent (first choice)
c) Depends upon the requirements and convenience
d) Disloyal

Loyal Loyal to some
extent
Depends upon the
requirements &
convenience
Disloyal
No. of
Respondents
18 76 156 00

72



Interpretation: This is a very important question due to the fact that it not only
shows the level and pattern of attachment but also the level of satisfaction of
consumers. The results showed that a large no. of respondents (62.4%) keep their
options open and decide according to their requirements and convenience. Although
lots of people (30.4%) find themselves loyal to some extent and 7.2 % are loyal.
We can say that overall consumer behavior is inclined towards loyalty depending upon
our ability to provide complete range, quality, service and convenience.
Q4. Level of satisfaction in Vishal Mega Mart from
1) Ambience :
a) Very Good
b) Good
c) Average
d) Poor
No. of Respondents,
Loyal, 18, 1
No. of Respondents,
Loyal to some extent,
76, 1
No. of Respondents,
Depends upon the
requirements &
convenience, 156, 1
No. of Respondents,
Disloyal, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Loyal
Loyal to some extent
73

Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 04 79 149 18




Interpretation: Findings show that from the ambience of Vishal Mega Mart the
level of satisfaction of 59.6% consumers is average & of 31.6% consumers is good.
Only 1.6% customers are well satisfied & 7.2% are unsatisfied also. Ambience is
having extremely important role to visit the retail outlet & willingness to buy products.
2) Customer Dealing :
a) Very good
b) Good
c) Average
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 4, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 79, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 149, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 18, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
74

d) Poor
Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 14 76 157 03


Interpretation: Customer dealing is a very crucial factor behind success of any
retail outlet & in this question their level of satisfaction from customer dealing shows
that some of them (36%) are satisfied up to some extent, nevertheless most of them
(64%) are not properly dealed by sales executives of Vishal Mega Mart.

3) Product Quality :
a) Very good
b) Good
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 14, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 76, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 157, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 3, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
75

c) Average
d) Poor
Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 16 173 61 00


Interpretation: Quality of product is as important factor for any business as blood
for human life & he findings shows that most of the consumers are satisfied by the
quality aspect of Vishal Mega Mart.
4) Schemes :
a) Very good
b) Good
c) Average
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 16, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 173, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 61, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
76

d) Poor
Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 83 71 96 00


Interpretation: It can not be neglected that schemes help to increase footfalls &
sales in any retail outlet. & this is good that Vishal Mega Mart provide different-different
schemes to their customers always & most of its customers are satisfied from it.
5) After Sales service :
a) Very good
b) Good
c) Average
d) Poor
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 83, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 71, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 96, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
77


Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 48 163 39 00


Interpretation: Results are quite favorable for Vishal Mega Mart. Most of the
customers are satisfied by their after sales services, which influence them to visi the
store again. We can say that after sales services play a complementary role in decision
making process as they play very influential role in evaluating various retail stores.
6) Security Measures :
a) Very good
b) Good
c) Average
d) Poor
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 48, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 163, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 39, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
78


Very Good Good Average Poor
No. of Respondents 57 132 61 00


Interpretation: Results show that security measures of Vishal Mega Mart are also
in a good position, which make mind of consumers free of tension & they can do their
shopping easily & more comfortably.
Q5. To locate your preferred product in Vishal Mega Mart is
a) Very easy
b) Easy
c) A little bit tough
d) Tough
No. of Respondents,
Very Good, 57, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 132, 1
No. of Respondents,
Average, 61, 1
No. of Respondents,
Poor, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very Good Good
Average Poor
79

Very easy Easy A little bit tough Tough
No. of
Respondents
42 106 84 18




Interpretation: Findings show that approx. 50% of the respondents can locate
their preferred product easily,but in the other hand half of the respondents are not
comfortable to locate easily,which shows executives inefficiency in Display & Visual
Merchandising. So, Availability of products are also very important point,which should
be kept in mind by retailers.

Q6. Do you purchase the in store brands products of Vishal Mega Mart in Food
mart section?
No. of Respondents,
Very easy, 42, 1
No. of Respondents,
Easy, 106, 1
No. of Respondents,
A little bit tough, 84,
1
No. of Respondents,
Tough, 18, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Very easy
Easy
A little bit tough
Tough
80


a) Always
b) Mostly
c) Sometimes
d) No

Always Mostly Sometimes No
No. of
Respondents
08 46 129 67




Interpretation: Results show that there are very few customers, who purchase the
Vishal in store brands products in food mart section, which is not the favorable
condition for Vishal Mega Mart.

No. of Respondents,
Always, 8, 1
No. of Respondents,
Mostly, 46, 1
No. of Respondents,
Sometimes, 129, 1
No. of Respondents,
No, 67, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Always Mostly
Sometimes No
81

Q7. If no, whats the reason?

a) Quality
b) Price
c) Brand Loyalty
d) Awareness


Quality Price
Brand
Loyalty
Awareness
No. of
Respondents
04 00 14 49





Interpretation: This question is designed to know why customers are not
interested in Vishal in store brands product ? & the result is quite surprising that
73.13% of them are unknown to their in store brands products.
No. of Respondents,
Quality, 4, 1 No. of Respondents,
Price, 0, 1
No. of Respondents,
Brand loyalty, 14, 1
No. of Respondents,
Awareness, 49, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Quality
Price
Brand loyalty
Awareness
82

.
Q8. Would you prefer home delivery services if Vishal Mega Mart offers ?

a) Yes
b) Somewhere
c) Cant say now
d) No




Yes Somewhere Cant say now No
No. of
Respondents
43 189 18 00




No. of Respondents,
Yes, 43, 1
No. of Respondents,
Somewhere, 189, 1
No. of Respondents,
Cant say now, 18, 1
No. of Respondents,
No, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Yes
Somewhere
Cant say now
No
83



Interpretation: This question was asked in order to forecast the future of Home
delivery services, if Vishal Mega Mart provides it to its customers & the results proved
that large no. of people (93.2%) are willing to use this service in future according to their
convenience.


Q9. Do facilities like Fun stations, Play stations, J unk food stalls, PVRs attract
you to go to any mall or retail store ?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Doesnt matter
d) Cant say


Yes No Doesnt matter Cant say
No. of
Respondents
153 36 61 00


84



Interpretation: For most of the respondents (61.2%) facilities like Fun stations,
Play stations, Junk food stalls, PVRs affect positively their choice of retail outlet or
mall. Definitely this denotes the importance of these facilities as it is the driving force
for most of the respondents and people want a complete shopping experience.
Q10. How you grade Vishal Mega Mart as a big retail chain ?

a) The best
b) Better
c) Good
d) Bad
e) worst



The best Better Good Bad Worst
No. of
Respondents
00 43 207 00 00

No. of Respondents,
Yes, 153, 1
No. of Respondents,
No, 36, 1
No. of Respondents,
Doesn't matter, 61, 1
No. of Respondents,
Can't say, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Yes
No
Doesn't matter
Can't say
85



Interpretation: T& Finally this question was asked in order to identify the level of
grading of Vishal Mega Mart by its customers in comparison to other retail chains.
& the result shows that most of the respondents (82.8%) are giving it good position,
which is only one step greater than bad & according to very few respondents (17.2%) it
is better than other retail chains.








No. of Respondents,
No. of Respondents,
0, 1
No. of Respondents,
Better, 43, 1
No. of Respondents,
Good, 207, 1
No. of Respondents,
Bad, 0, 1
No. of Respondents,
Worst, 0, 1
N
o

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

No. of Respondents
Better
Good
Bad
Worst
86






















87







SUGGESTIONS

First of all, Vishal Mega Mart should provide Fun stations, Play stations,
Junk food stalls etc. to its consumers that they could get a complete
shopping experience, what they actually want.

It should start some customer loyalty programs for its regular customers.

For instance : If a customer does a shopping of 1000,hell get 10% discount
on next purchasing or, there may be lucky draw, gift coupons etc. for them.

The next effort should be to make some investment in improving the
interiors of their respective establishments to make shopping an enjoyable
experience for the customer.

Sales executives should be trained properly about how to deal with
customers, proper Display of products & Visual Merchandising, Colour
Blocking, so that customers could easily locate their preferred products.

It should use different kind of Sales Promotion Tools to make aware to its
customers about their in store brands products.

It should start home delivery services on the order of more than 5000 Rs.
88


It should provide more hygienic and attractive environment & ambience to
its customers.

As its target segment is lower-middle income group, but nowadays it should
target the middle & middle-upper income group also due to more chances of
profit from them.



The message, therefore, for the Vishal Mega Marts is to closely examine
what changes are taking place in their immediate vicinity, and analyse
whether their current market offers a potential redevelopment of the area
into a more modern multi-option destination.



It also needs to make substantial investments in understanding/acquiring
some advanced expertise in developing more accurate and scientific demand
forecasting models.










89























90




CONCLUSIONS

1) From the above research done on the trends of Indian retail industry,
following conclusion will be drawn:-
Indian retail industry has metamorphosed from kiranas (pop and mom
stores) to big space super markets.
The unorganized retailing has overtaken by the organized retailing
though the share of organized retailing is very less in current scenario.
Organized retailing is mostly seen in urban areas due to more
disposable income of this population.
Now the format of retailing has changed a lot to give more buying
experience to consumers.
Indians prefer to shop at modern trade (super markets, hypermarket
etc.) due to higher standards of hygiene and attractive ambience.
Changes in lifestyle demand for global trends have given thrust on
the growth of specialty shops etc.
Consumer durables are another promising sector because, with
increasing purchasing power, consumers tend to spend the most on
this category.
As government is continuing its plans to liberalize FDI in the retail
sector in India, foreign companies like Wal-Mart are waiting on the
threshold.
91

Malls have mushroomed in various locations and they become the
centres of entertainment for the new generation.
Rural markets emerging as a huge opportunity for retailers reflected in
the share of the rural market across most categories of consumption.

2) On the basis of the study of consumer behavior of Vishal Mega Mart, it
can be safely concluded that various factors affect buying behavior of
retail consumers differently at different levels. These factors have to be
taken in consideration while deciding and targeting the consumers. If
the Vishal Mega Mart focuses and targets on recent trends of Indian
Retail Industry priority wise, definitely the outcome will be very
favorable for them. The conclusions drawn from the study of their
consumer behavior is as follows:
Today customers want a complete shopping experience rather than
only to go & purchase the products & to get this shopping experience
they prefer to go to malls or those retail chains, which provide it to
them.
Some of the consumers of Vishal Mega Mart are loyal towards it,but
loyalty of most of them depends on their requirements & convenience.
Their level of satisfaction from
Ambience : Average
Customer dealing : Good & Average
Product quality : Good
92

Schemes : Very good, Good & Average
After sales services : Good
Security measures : Good
Some of its customers are able to locate their preferred product
easily, but some of get it tough too, which shows the inefficiency in
display & Visual Merchandising of their employee.
The survey shows that there are many of the customers, who are
unaware of their in store brands products in food mart section.
A very large no. of consumers are willing to use home delivery services
in future, if Vishal Mega Mart provides it to its consumers.
Fun stations, Play stations, Food junctions, PVRs etc. are some of those
factors, whish provides the customers a complete shopping
experience.











93















94

LIMITATIONS


The reliability always depends upon the responses of respondents how
sincerely they have given answer.

Constraint of time and resources limited the scope of study.












95

























96

BIBLIOGRAPHY


BOOKS


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY by C. R. Kothari

INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR:A Primer by Mehrotra, Nitin

RETAIL INDUSTRY :SHANGING TRENDS by Kesksr, Dhananjay.



LINK:

www.vishalmegamart.net

www.imagesretail.com

www.indiaretailbiz.com

www.india-reports.com

www.business.mapsofindia.com

www.retailindustry.about.com

www.marketresearch.com

97













98

ANNEXURE

Dear Sir/Madam,
I, Pushpesh Kumar, student of PGDM-Retail Management, 2
nd
semester at School
of Management Sciences, Varanasi. As a part of our curriculum, we are required
to do a primary data based field survey. You are kindly requested to cooperate by
filling up the questionnaire. Let me assure you that the survey is purely academic
in nature. The data provided by you and findings will not be disclosed to
outsiders.

Personal Details
Name : Age :
Gender : Occupation :
Address : Contact number :





99

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam,

Q1. How frequently you visit Vishal Mega Marts?
a) More than once in a week
b) Once in a week
c) Once in a month
d) Not estimated
Q2. Which type of retail outlet would you prefer for shopping?
a) Mom & pop shops
b) Retail as separate outlet
c) Shopping malls
d) Anyone of them
Q3. How deep is your attachment with Vishal Mega Marts?
a) Loyal
b) Loyal to some extent (first choice)
c) Depends upon the requirements and convenience
d) Disloyal


100

Q4. Level of satisfaction in Vishal Mega Mart from



Very good Good Average Poor
1) Ambience


2) Customer
Dealing

3) Product
Quality

4) Schemes


5) After Sales
Services

6) Security
Measures



Q5. To locate your preferred product in Vishal Mega Mart is
a) Very easy
b) Easy
c) A little bit tough
d) Tough
Q6. Do you purchase the in store brands products of Vishal Mega Mart in
Foodmart section?

a) Always
b) Mostly
c) Sometimes
d) No
101

Q7. If no, whats the reason?

a) Quality
b) Price
c) Brand Loyalty
d) Awareness

Q8. Would you prefer home delivery services if Vishal Mega Mart offers ?

a) Yes
b) Somewhere
c) Cant say now
d) No

Q9. Do facilities like Fun stations, Play stations, J unk food stalls, PVRs attract
you to go to any mall or retail store ?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Doesnt matter
d) Cant say

Q10. How you grade Vishal Mega Mart as a big retail chain ?

a) The best
b) Better
c) Good
d) Bad
e) worst
102