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Energy efficient systems in power grid Prof.dr.ing. Paul Nicolae Borza Winter School Afyon 21-25 of January Turkey. Power quality is the result of an incompatibility between the power delivered into the grid and the loads that consume this power.
Energy efficient systems in power grid Prof.dr.ing. Paul Nicolae Borza Winter School Afyon 21-25 of January Turkey. Power quality is the result of an incompatibility between the power delivered into the grid and the loads that consume this power.
Energy efficient systems in power grid Prof.dr.ing. Paul Nicolae Borza Winter School Afyon 21-25 of January Turkey. Power quality is the result of an incompatibility between the power delivered into the grid and the loads that consume this power.
Prof.dr.ing. Paul Nicolae Borza Winter School Afyon 21-25 of January Turkey Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 2 Type of power flow variation in time: Alternative current: Mono phase Three phase Multi phase Direct current Electrical parameters: Voltage Current Power Frequency Phase Qualitative parameters: Noise spectrum Availability of power supplies Reliability of providing process Main parameters Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 3 Principal services provided by power grids Base load (production of electric energy quasi constant in time) Peak shaving (procedure to increase the production of energy and to shift the maximum of load profile in order to smooth the load curve) Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 4 Standby power (minimum power necessary to maintain in function a system) Spinning reserve (The spinning reserve is the extra generating capacity that is available by increasing the power output of generators that are already connected to the power system.) Principal services provided by power grids Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 5 Principal services provided by power grids Reactive power supply generation in order to compensate the load factor into the grid; Ancillary services those services necessary to support the transmission of electric power from seller to purchaser given the obligations of control areas and transmitting utilities within those control areas to maintain reliable operations of the interconnected transmission system, and consists in the following services: 1) Scheduling, System Control and Dispatch 2) Reactive Supply and Voltage Control from Generation Sources 3) Regulation and Frequency Response 4) Energy Imbalance 5) Operating Reserve Spinning 6) Operating Reserve (Supplemental see Federal Energy Regulation Commission order888 and 1995) Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 6 Principal services provided by power grids Power quality is the result of an incompatibility between the power delivered into the grid and the loads that consume this power; This notion reflect how much differ the form of voltage relative at sinusoidal form Type of disturbances that affect the power quality: Voltage sags (dips) are brief reductions in voltage, typically lasting from a cycle to a second or so, or tens of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. Voltage swells are brief increases in voltage in the same range of time Transient overvoltage are variation of voltage in the range from 10 to 80% of nominal voltage Harmonics induced in special by rectifiers and inverters as result of circuit commutation by electronic power devices (involve important values for 3 rd , 5 th , 7 th harmonics Frequency variation of voltage supplied could be the result of over load of the network or poor network, high frequency noise produced by arch of motor brushes or radio transmitters, extremely fast transient overvoltage result of arches appeared into the network, unbalance three phase systems Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 7 Power network history & evolution Generation based on local power plants majority functioning with coal steam . Island networks (close inter correlation between generation &load) clustered 19 th Century INSULATED-
Classical power networks: bulk generation, wide power networks, captive consumers; assurance of network stability by excess of energy production especially based on fossil resources: coal, gas, petrol; generation follow the loads . 20 th Century INTEGRATED & AGGREGATED- producer centered Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 8 Evolution of power networks today & tomorrow Nodaway: Decentralization of generation and increasing of intermittent generation based on renewable sources; management of fluctuations on both sides: producer & consumer; producing of energy based on classical & renewable fuels TOWARD LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION & AGGREGATION, INTRODUCTION OF VIRTUALIZATION CONCEPTS , consumer centered. Tomorrow : complete INTEGRATION between generation and consumption by ICT; self healing systems able to manage by feedback and also feed-before procedures the fluctuations on both sides; minimizing of power flow excursion with benefic effects of energy efficiency; clean / green technological processes in energy production & usage prosumers centered Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 9 Classical power network organization !Generation !Transmission !Distribution "Sub-transmission "Substations "Feeders "Services ! Customers Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 10 Main features of classical power networks Independent technologies for every layer of the system Information exchange realized using sessions discontinuously between the different layers Assure a relatively independently functionalities that preserve the coherencies of data and functions used in functionalities implementations Encourage the specificity of developed solutions Increase competitiveness in industry Facilitate Trade and Commerce of specific solutions Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 11 Smart Grids a vision about future power networks Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 12 Smart grid vision Smart grids will implement the desiderate of fusion between energy and information at all levels of power network systems by: deeply integration of all control components of the power networks using ICT. The two-way communication system will improve the reactivity (fast and complex) of the power system at the demands from consumer side and all other actors (providers, traders, regulators entities) involved in the frame of power systems The SG will implement an intelligent monitoring and control functionality of all power networks components, the communication between all these components, and the processing of all signals afferent to power grid. Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 13 Smart grid vision Will better solve the incidents and malfunctioning events that could appear on power networks inclusive by developing self healing facilities Will offer a high level of reliability, resilience and security of power network system Will integrate new intermittent power generators and distributed generators such as: renewable power sources thus, the consumers will be transformed in prosumers respectively they will become in the same time energy providers and consumers Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 14 Smart Grid Vision Will offer the support for operating the energy storage facilities that will be integrated into the power grid not only at energy provider level (generators) but also deep into the grid at the level of end-users (consumers) Will significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system SG represents in the same time the complex system able to accommodate the requirements from economical, social and technological sides in order to assure a high efficient power network operation, facilitating trading of the energy Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 15 Smart Grid Vision Will offer the support for operating the energy storage facilities that will be integrated into the power grid not only at energy provider level (generators) but also deep into the grid at the level of end-users (consumers) Will significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system SG represents in the same time the complex system able to accommodate the requirements from economical, social and technological sides in order to assure a high efficient power network operation, facilitating trading of the energy Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 16 Trinomial model of Smart Grids Consumers Electric Energy Providers Electric Energy Traders Operational network Power plant automation Generation & Load Balancing Station Sub-Station automations Feeder automation and monitoring Local consumers network RES management Smart appliances Building Energy Manager Smart metering Commercial network: TSO Transmission System Operator DSO Distribution System Operator Automated billing system Dynamic tariff applicable for prosumers Market place interaction AMI (Advance Metering Infrastructure) Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 17 Actual stage of Smart Grid an example Power network management Market Operation AMR Automatic Meter Reading Billing system CIS, GIS, ERP Enterprise Integration Power Plant Automation Substation Automation Feeders monitoring & Control Residential Gateway Smart Meters Home Automations Producing / Storing Customer Services Providers GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION ADINE ABB project 2010 Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 18 EU vision about what means and how will evolutes the Smart Grid concept This will be done via an integrated and innovative approach to technical, commercial regulatory dimensions European Smart Grids Technology Platform Vision and Strategy for Europes Electricity Networks of the Future see on http:// europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy 2012 Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 19 EU Vision about Smart Grids User-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market opportunities value added services, flexible demand for energy, lower prices, micro generation opportunities; Electricity networks renewal and innovation: pursuing efficient asset management, increasing the degree of automation for better quality of service; Using system wide remote control; Applying efficient investments to solve infrastructure ageing; Security of supply: limited primary resources of traditional energy sources, flexible storage; need for higher reliability and quality; increase network and generation capacity; Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 20 EU Vision about Smart Grids Liberalised markets: responding to the requirements and opportunities of liberalisation by developing and enabling both new products and new services; High demand flexibility and controlled price volatility, Flexible and predictable tariffs; Liquid markets for trading of energy and grid services; Interoperability of European electricity networks: supporting the implementation of the internal market; efficient management of cross border and transit network congestion; improving the long-distance transport and integration of renewable energy sources; strengthening European security of supply through enhanced transfer capabilities; Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 21 EU Vision about Smart Grids Central generation renewal of the existing power- plants, Development of efficiency improvements, increased flexibility towards the system services; Integration with RES and Distributed (decentralized) Generation DG; Developing of Distributed generation and production based on renewable energy sources (RES): Local energy management, and as consequence losses and emissions reduction, integration within power networks; Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 22 EU Vision about Smart Grids Environmental issues: reaching Kyoto Protocol targets and evaluate their impact on the electricity transits in Europe; reduce losses; increasing social responsibility and sustainability; optimizing visual impact and land-use; Demand response and demand side management(DSM): developing strategies for local demand modulation and load control by electronic metering and automatic meter management systems; Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 23 EU Vision about Smart Grids Politics and regulatory aspects: continuing development and harmonisation of policies and regulatory frameworks in the European Union (EU) context; Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 24 Investments of EU countries in Smart Grids Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 25 A remark of Frederik Butler most people have paid for their electricity at the same rate every day of every year, every hour of every day. Butler said, Thats going to have to change, noting that If youre going to have a smart grid, that allows you to measure and have two-way communication between the end-user premises, the utility company, the [Regional Transmission Operator] RTO, and other entities, rates will have to change to be more time-of-use rates or critical peak period rates. 2008 Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 26 Smart Grid functionality Fault Current Limit devices able to automatically limit high current that occur during faults Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization & Control Dynamic Capability Rating Power Flow Control having as objective to reduce the power flow travel along power networks Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 27 Smart Grid Functionality Adaptive Protections Automatic Feeder and Line switching Automatic Islanding and Reconnection Automatic Voltage and VAR Control Diagnosis and notification of Equipment Conditions Enhance Fault protection Real-time Load measurement & management Real time load transfer as result of feeder reconfiguration Customer electricity use optimization Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 28 CISCO vision about SG assessment Observable Controllable Automated Integrated Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 29 CISCO Implementation Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 30 Main challenges rinsed by Smart Grids Development of a secure, reliable and resilient communication system creating redundant infrastructures Improvement of M2M connectivity down to the last elements integrated into the power grid Strict control of propagation delays on operational network in order to maintain the real-time capabilities for whole system Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 31 Main challenges rinsed by Smart Grids Development of appropriate strategies in order to pass-off or avoid the silent unresponsive nodes that should be over passed Coordination and alignment of requirements from plurality of stakeholders (EU case) Development of standard and regulations that impose the usage of strict security solutions in order to avoid possible intrusion into SG systems See standards:IEC 61850 standard Communication networks and systems for power utility automation; IEC 61499 standard for general purpose Function Block architecture for industrial process measurement and control systems, endowing the architecture with bio- inspired control patterns Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 32 Main challenges rinsed by Smart Grids Developing device-oriented security platform and their integration into products Developing and agreeing common regulation between all the EU countries Developing and adapting the network for integration of dynamic, mobile and variable storage elements brought by massive introduction of electrical vehicles Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 33 Advanced Metering Infrastructure Bi-directional communication based on standard protocols Enabling usage of dynamic tariffs or instant price of Electricity consumed or generated Visualization in real time of current status of the power network Endowing with control functions the Energy Counter in order to be able not only to switch on-off the devices but also to offer strategies for replacing components Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 34 A possible future network Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 35 A Small Scale Implementation Features Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 36 An small scale implementation Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 37 Overview Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 38 An small scale implementation HMI ARCHIVE SIGNAL 4 SIGNAL 3 DEVICE 2 SIGNAL 2 SIGNAL 1 DEVICE 1 Communication Module 1 Using protocol x SIGNAL 8 SIGNAL 7 DEVICE 4 SIGNAL 6 SIGNAL 5 DEVICE 3 Communication Module 2 Using protocol y
CORE Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 39 An small scale implementation Binary messages for values transmitted from communication modules to the Core and instant events that need to be transmitted to HMIs and archives XML messages for communication module and HMI configuration and for historical data read from archive Message structure: [ HEADER ] [ PAYLOAD ] [ HEADER ] [TYPE] [DATA] [AUX] [LENGTH] [ TYPE ] tells to the CORE or modules what to do with the message [ PAYLOAD ] binary or ASCII data Binary format is used to send simple messages with constant structure, as fast as possible. ASCII format is used to send complex and variable structured messages in XML format that needs processing. Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 40 An small scale implementation Set-up & Initialization of the system Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 41 An small scale implementation Human Machine Interfaces Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 42 An small scale implementation Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 43 Residential micro-network Winter School 21-25 of January Afyon Turkey 44 Thanks for your attention Questions & Answers