URBAN DEVELOPMENT & HOUSI NG DEPARTMENT

GOVERNMENT OF SI KKI M
1
ST
MAY 201 3

SIKKIM URBAN DYNAMICS

BACKGROUND
A land-locked state that lies nestled in
the Himalayas and bordering Nepal,
China, Bhutan and West Bengal. The
limited market size within the state / NE
Region implies that for most industrial
products, the raw materials are to be
substantially sourced from outside the
state or the finished products have to be
sent to markets outside the region, thus
adding transportation costs. These are
being offset by the transportation subsidy
and other suitable incentives.

BACKGROUND

The other major long-term handicap has been the
comparative lack of infrastructure. However,
construction activity has picked up in the last few years
and the Government is focusing on development of
roads, urban railway, hydroelectric power plants and
Telecommunication infrastructure.

The biggest challenge, however, is the earthquake
vulnerability of Sikkim and the high rainfall which
hampers all infrastructure development activities and
completion schedule.

BACKGROUND

Roads are the key infrastructure connecting Sikkim with
the other parts of the country. Railway and airport
construction are underway.
Sikkim has a total road length of 2,873 km with a road
density of 41 km per 100 sq km.
The state Public Works Department (PWD) and the
Border Roads Organization (BRO) maintain the roads.
Rail connectivity is under construction between Rangpo
in Sikkim and Siliguri in West Bengal.
Airport construction is underway in Pakyong. Helicopter
services are available from Bagdogra (West Bengal) to
Gangtok.

BACKGROUND

The growth in the Indian economy and its spin-offs
are being felt in Sikkim also, which is seeing an all
round economic growth .
Apart from demand of goods and services, the
quality consciousness of the consumers is also rising.
The spread of communication facilities have acted as
boosters for consumer expectations and resultant
opportunities in industries, business, and service
sectors.

BACKGROUND

The services sector, particularly, hotels, trade and
restaurants, public administration and storage are
the key drivers of tertiary share growth
In the coming years, other services such as education
and healthcare are expected to play a key role in this
sector.
The increased role of construction has driven up the
secondary sector.

BACKGROUND

There is no large or medium scale industry in the State,
limited infrastructure, raw materials and accessibility.
Small-scale industry has grown in the last ten years.
Over half of these units are concentrated in the East
Sikkim district. Informal sector plays a key role in the
economy, providing employment to around 60,000
people. Most of these are employed in retail trade and
agricultural activities.
Most of the upcoming industrial or economic activities in
the State will be based on its factor endowments, climatic
condition, access to raw material and aspirations of the
youth.
Sikkim is opening up its economy for employment
opportunities, especially, in the hospitality ,tourism
handicraft and pharmaceuticals sectors.

Physical Landscape


>50% of the total Sikkim area lies
uninhabited. >43% of geographical
area lies in >50% slope category =>
difficult to use

Entirely hilly with no plain area with
altitude from 213m to 8500m .Harsh
climate restricts extent of human
habitation within altitudes of 3000m

Large portion of Sikkim area lies
above and much beyond 3000m. This
shows that a large land mass is not
available for human activities


Above 3000 m
Below 3000 m
Profile of Land Availability
Above 3000 m
Below 3000 m

81% of State territory under admin
control of Forest, Environment &
Wildlife Management

Land use classifications reflect a
limited 25% of land available for
economic uses

Land put to non-agricultural use
11.7%




Demography
209842
316385
406457
540851
607688
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
population
Population growth
2
4.2
9.4
16.1
9.1
11.07
25
13.34
17.76
29.38
50.77
28.47
33.06
12.36
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
URBANIZATION LEVELS (%)
POPULATION GROWTH RATES(%)
Urban Population Distribution
4648
(3.1%)
5239
(3.5%)
21089
(13.9%)
120750
(79.6%)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
north west south east
Urban population
distribution
98658
5874
10326
4648
1230
4009
12194
8895
Urban population
distribution
Population distribution in urban centers

Uneven distribution: Lopsided concentration of urban
population in Gangtok.

98658
5874
10326
4648
1230
4009
12194
8895
Gangtok Singtam Rangpo Mangan Nayabazar Gyalshing Namchi Jorethang
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN
TOWNS
Demographic Projections

PROJECTED STATE
POPULATION
(Incremental increase method)


Year State population
2006 5,81,546
2015 6,59,331
2025 7,87,865
2040 10,63,769

PROJECTED URBAN
POPULATION

Year Urban
Population%
Rural
Population %
1991 9 91
2001 11 89
2010 25-30 70-75
2015 40 60
2025 45 55
2040 50 50
Key Challenges

Population growth vs. Uncertainty of Land availability?

Hierarchy of Townships absent. Lopsided to East
Highly uneven spread puts pressure on planners to
accelerate the growth of towns in S & W districts to
bridge the gap.
Significant shift of population to east district where the
main economic activities exists.
Influx of migrant laborers creates slums
Population density creates gap in service delivery.




Key Challenges

Heavy concentration of population, activities,
investment and attention on one region

Strain on urban infrastructure, traffic and
transportation problems

High building density & housing shortage, degraded
living conditions & quality of life for urban dwellers

Difficulty in urban governance



SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
(WATER SUPPLY ,WASTE WATER, SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT, POWER SUPPLY)
DEVELOPMENT
GUIDE PLAN,
4 DISTRICT HQ &
20 SMALL TOWNS
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
SHORT TERM MGMT PLAN
MEDIUM TERM PLAN
LONG TERM PLAN
LAND USE STRUCTURE

NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMUNITIES

LAND & AREA REQUIREMENT
RENEWAL &
REJUVINATION

SLUM UPGRADATION &
PROVISION OF BASIC
SERVICES TO URBAN POOR

TRAFFIC MGMT &PARKING

GREEN LUNG SPACES

FOOT OVER BRIDGES
WASTE MANAGEMENT


CITY
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN, GANGTOK

PLANNING
MOUNTAIN
CITY AT
PAKYONG
DEMOGRAPHY

CITY LEVEL
(MICRO)
APPROACH
COMPREHENSIVE
MOBILITY PLAN,
GANGTOK
CONNECTIVITY

OD SURVEYS

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN

PARKING SPACES
CITY
MANAGEMENT
SHORT TERM
GOALS
APPROACH:
Town Upgradation & Beautification

WEST DISTRICT 4 towns

SOUTH DISTRICT 6 towns

EAST DISTRCIT 5 towns

NORTH DISTRICT- 1 town

PER CAPITA
INVESTMENT

PER CAPITA INVESTMENT IN
SEWERAGE AND WATER
SUPPLY

YEAR Investment ` in lakh
2011-12 5023.85
2012-13 8584.94

JNNURM
Signing of MoA on 13
th
June 2007.
Sanctioned schemes : 12 nos
Total Cost : 192.94 crores.
UIG : 2
BSUP :3
IHSDP :1
UIDSSMT : 5
Buses:1

PUBLIC PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIP
MUNICIPAL
ACT
FORMATION OF 7
ULBs ( 3 tiered)
FRAMING/
REVISION OF
BUILDING BYELAWS
PROPERTY
TAX
ULBs- Capacity
Building
URBAN GOVERNANCE
& CAPACITY
BUILDING
APPROACH
DOUBLE ENTRY
ACCOUNTING
SYSTEM
E-GOVERNANCE
Comparison of Capital Investment
2011-12
Urban population (census
2011)- 151726
Total state plan(6428.71)
&non-plan
(785.70)expenditure;
Rs.7214.41 lakh
Per capita investment (state
own budget); Rs. 4755/person
Total css expenditure;
Rs.843.95 lakh
Per Capita Investment (GOI);
Rs. 556/person
Total EAP expenditure ;Rs.
734.85 lakh
Per Capita Investment (EAP);
Rs. 484/ Person

2012-13
Urban population(census 2011)-
151726
Total state plan(5530.40) &non-
plan (886.73)expenditure;
Rs.6417.13 lakh
Per capita investment (state own
budget); Rs. 4229/person
Total css expenditure; Rs.249.82
lakh
Per Capita Investment (GOI); Rs.
165/person
Total EAP expenditure ;Rs.
736.23 lakh
Per Capita Investment (EAP); Rs.
485/ Person
INDICATORS URBAN RURAL
Population 6,07,688 1,51,726(25%) 4,55,962(75%)
Population (male ) 3,23,070 80,273 (24.8) 2,42,797 (75.2%)
Population (female ) 2,87,507 73305(25.4) 2,14,202 (74.6%)
Area 7096 38.250( 0.53% ) 7,057.75(99.47%)
Sex ratio 908 883
0 - 6 yrs 64,111 14039(21.8%) 47,038(78.2%)
Sex ratio(0 - 6 )yrs 917 952
Health
Crude birth rate 17.8 16.1 18.1
Death rate 5.6 3.8 5.9
Housing 1,28,131 35,761(27.9%) 92,370(72.1%)
Good 72,442 28,713(39.6%) 43,729(60.4%)
Livable 48,739 6,420(13.1%) 42,319(86.9%)
Dilapidated6 ,950 628 (9%) 6,322(91%)
Education 4,49,294
(82.2% LITERACY RATE)
1,22,896(27.3%) 3,26,398(72.7%)
Literates, (M) 253364 67,118(26.4%) 1,86,246(73.6%)
Literates,(F) 195930 55,778( 28.4 %) 1,40,152(71.6%)
Work
Total workers3,08,138 64,353(20.9%) 2,43,785(80.1%)
Main workers2,30,397 56,715 (24.6) 1,73,682(75.4)
Marginal workers 77,741 7,638(9.8%) 70,103(90.2%)
Non-workers 3,02,439 89,225(29.5%) 2,13,214(70.5%)
Work force 50.7 % 42.40% 53.40%
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
Population Population (male ) Population (female ) 0 - 6 yrs
URBAN
RURAL
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
Sex ratio Sex ratio(0 - 6 )yrs
URBAN
RURAL
POPULATION
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
rural urban total
crude birth rate
death rate
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
1,00,000
Housing Good Livable Dilapidated
HOUSING
URBAN
RURAL
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
LITERATES Literates, (M) Literates,(F)
LITERATES
URBAN
RURAL
0
50,000
1,00,000
1,50,000
2,00,000
2,50,000
WORK
URBAN
RURAL
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Work force
WORK FORCE RATIO
URBAN
RURAL
TOTAL
POLICY OF STATE TOWARDS URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
EXISTING STATUS
GOVT HAS ALREADY ACCEPTED
1) CITY MOBILITY PLAN FOR GANGTOK
2) GANGTOK STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT
3) NAMCHI STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT
4) GEYZING STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT
5) MANGAN STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARED FOR GANGTOK
UNDER JNNURM
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND
BEAUTIFICATION OF RINCHENGPONG BAZAAR
(TYPICAL HAAT SHED )IN WEST SIKKIM



12
th
Five Year Plan - focus
Urban renewal & rejuvenation

Improvement of urban linkages intracity & intercity

Prioritise (alternative?) Mass Transport Systems

Urban Environment & Waste Management (adoption of
Waste to Energy concept)

ULBs: Capacity Building & Governance

Slum free towns
Physical and financial Progress under RAY
upto May 2013
The following activities are complete under RAY:
Nearing Completion of Slum Free City action plan for
Gangtok.
Socio Economic Survey : Rs 3.04 lakhs (6100 slum HH).
State City level technical cell : Feb 2012 .New SLTC has
been appointed from March 13 to March 14.
Data entry for survey and upload in website : 90%
GIS/MIS: One City level base map and Two slum pockets
Preparation of SFCPOA :HUDCO has been appointed as
consultant and the works are ongoing.
Pilot DPR : for one slum Bhanugram : Rs 23 crores
complete.
REFORMS UNDER RAY
Property Rights to Slum Dwellers :Due to old Land laws
which are protected under 371F of the constitution the
State has adopted a policy to address the Property rights
within the present legal framework.
Earmarking of at least 25% budget for urban poor:
Complete.
Reservation of 25% of all developed land for LIG/EWS :
Complete.
Amendment of Rent Control : Complete.
Simplification of procedure for sanctioning of building
plans : Ongoing will be complete and adopted by 2014-
15.
Review of land use Policies : Non Existent.

SJSRY
Sl nO Component Target Achievem
ent
Percentage
1 USEP 118 73 62
2 UWSP(group enterprise) 9 0 0
3 UWSP ( revolving fund) 18 7 39
4 STEP UP( nos of trainees) 5000 931 19
5 UCDN( community group) 10 0 0
6 UWEP ( Mandays) 15000 16019 107
PROGRESS REPORT OF ONGOING WORKS
JNNURM (BSUP/IHSDP)
Sl
no
Name of works Cost DOCO
M
Phy
Progre
s
Remarks
1 Integrated housing and
slum development of Old
Slaughter House
Gangtok(Phase 1)
388.89 11.2.09 95% Allotment
process, ongoing.
2 Integrated housing and
slum development of Old
Slaughter House Rangpo
(Gangtok 1)

2517.19 30.1.10 60% 202 benf.
biometric of 150
completed
3 Integrated housing and
slum development of Old
Slaughter House
Gangtok(Phase II)

515.90 27.8.09 75% 4
th
installment
applied not
received .Work
under progress
4 Infrastructure
Development of Notified
1991.88 1.10.10 65% Final installment
received .Work
AN ANCIENT MONASTERY AT TOKCHI






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