LEGENDS:

REF. CODE API 1104 (2005) / ANSI B31.8 / B31.4 ANSI B31.1 (2001)
PIPELINE
PRESS. VESSEL
& STORAGE
TANKS
PRESS. VESSELS POWER PIPING
UW - 51 (b) UW- 52 (SPOT) NORMAL SEVERE CATEGORY D HIGH PRESSURE
CRACKS Other then shallow or star = Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero
Shallow Crater / Star
> 5/32" (4 mm) length
IP Zero Zero Zero > 1/32" (1 mm) & 0.2Tw Zero Zero Zero
Depth NA
Length without HI LOW
Each indication >1" (25mm) /Aggregate length >1" in
continuous 12" OR exceeds 8% of weld length in any
weld < 12" (300mm) in length
Cummulative Length > 1/5" (38mm) in 6" weld > 1/5" (38mm) in 6" weld
Length due to HI LOW
Each indication >2" (50 mm) /Aggregate length 3" in
conctinuous 12" (300 mm)
Inadd. Cross Penetration
Length of Individual > 2" (50 mm), Aggregate Length >
2' in any continuous 12" (300 mm)
IF Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero
Open to surface > 1 mm & > 0.2 TW
Length Length of each indication > 1" (25 mm)
Aggregate
> 1" per 12" weld / 8% of weld length in any weld < 12"
(300 mm) in length
Due to COLD LAP Length of Each indication > 2" (50 mm),
Aggregate length
Aggregate length > 2" in 12" (300 mm) contimuous length
/ > 8% of weld length
IC NA NA Total joint thickness, including weld reinforcement, < Tw
Depth (Suck Up)
BT For Pipe O.D > 2.375 " (60.3 mm) NA NA Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero
Size & Density Size > 1/4" (6 mm) max. dimension
Densaity > base metal / dimension > thinner wall thick
joined & density in any portion exceeds rhen thinnest
adjacent parent material.
Density > base metal : aggregate length of separate BTs
> 1/2"per 12" (300 mm) weld or total weld
For Pipe O.D < 2.375" (60.3 mm)
Density > Base metal and 1/4" (6 mm) max. dimension
Density > base metal and dimension > thinner wall thick.
Desity of BTs > base metal
UNDERCUTTING Aggregate length of EU & IU combinnation Zero Zero Zero
> 2" ( 50mm) per 12" weld or > 1/6 of weld length
Depth NA
> 1/32" (1 mm) & Tw/4 > 1 .5 mm &TW/4 OR 1 mm)
ACCUMULATION OF
IMPERFECTIONS
AOI (excluding IP due to HI-low & UC) > 2" (50 mm) in
any continuous 12" (300) OR aggregate length exceeds
8% of weld length
NA NA NA NA NA
ALIGNED
INDICATIONS
When there is an abrupt
change in denstiy
Density exceed base metal: Refer to Burn Through for
accetance
Any group of AI which have
aggregate length > t in a
length of 12t
If the sum of the longest
dimensions of all such
indication > T in a length of
6T
Any group of AI which have
aggregate length > t in a
length of 12t
PLANT PIPING
(APPLICABLE FOR GIRTH &MITTER GROOVE)
ISI: Isolated Slag Inclusion HB: Hollow Bead EU: External Undercut IU: Internal Undercut AI: Aligned Indication LOF: Lack of Fusion LI: Linear Indication NA: Not Applicable ICP: Inadequate Cross Penetration
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
ASME SEC. VIII (2008a) / API 650 (2007) ASME B31.3 (2008)
COMPARATIVE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (UNACCEPTABLE WHEN)
IP: Incomplete Penetration IF: Incomplete Fusion IC: Internal Concavity EI: Elongated Indication RI: Rounded Indication BT: Burn Through ESI: Elongated Slag Inclusion IFD: Incomplete Fussion due to Cold Lap
T/t : Nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two component joined by a butt weld . TW: Thick. of weld excluding any reinforcement. TWI: Thick. of weld including weld reinforcement
DEFECTS
Except when the distance b/w successive imperfection > 6L, where L is the
longest imperfection in the group
If the longet indication's considered are separate by at least 3L. The ma. Length
of unacceptable indication's shall be > 3/4". Any such indication longer then 1/4"
shall be unacceptable for any plate thickness.
and if the longest indication seperated by less than 3L, L is the length of
Longest indication . Max length of indication > 19 mm.
AI shorter then 6 mm is acc for any plate
Except when the distance b/w
successive imperfection > 6L, where L
is the longest imperfection in the group
Wall thk.(mm) Height
<1/2"(13) 1/16" (1.5 mm)
>1/2", < 2" (51) 1/8" (3 mm)
>2" (51) 3/32" (4 mm)
Prepared By: Zaheer Ahmed Sajid Date: 10.09.2010 sheet 1 of 3
inches mm inches mm inches mm
Less than 1/8 3.17 1/4t 6.35t 1/3t 8.5t
Less than 1/8 3.17 0.031 0.792 0.042 1
Less than 3/16 4.76 0.047 1.19 0.063 1.6
Less than 1/4 6.35 0.063 1.58 0.083 2.1
Less than 5/16 7.93 0.078 1.98 0.104 2.64
Less than 3/8 9.52 0.091 2.38 0.125 3.175
Less than 7/16 11.11 0.109 2.77 0.146 3.7
Less than 1/2 12.7 0.125 3.77 0.168 4.3
Less than 9/16 19.05 0.142 4.76 0.188 4.8
Less than 5/8 15.87 0.156 3.96 0.21 5.3
Less than 11/16 17.46 0.156 3.96 0.23 5.8
3/4 to 2, inclus. 19.05 0.156 3.96 0.25 6.35
over 2 50.8 0.156 3.96 0.375 9.5
Essential
Wire
Essential Dia
of Wire
ASTM Dia (No.) Inches mm No. mm Designation Thk. (mm)
0.0032 (1) Upto 0.25, incl. Upto 6.4, incl. 5 0.2 12 0.32
0.004 (2) Over 0.25 through 0.375 Over 6.4 through 9.5 6 0.25 15 0.38
A 0.005 (3) Over 0.375 through 0.50 Over 9.5 through 12.7 7 0.33 17 0.44
0.0063 (4) Over 0.50 through 0.75 Over 12.7 through 19.0 8 0.41 20 0.51
0.008 (5) Over 0.75 through 1.00 Over 19.0 through 25.4 9 0.51 25 0.64
0.01 (6) Over 1.00 through 1.5 Over 25.4 through 38.1 10 0.64 30 0.76
0.013 (7) Over 1.5 through 2.00 Over 38.1 through 50.8 11 0.81 35 0.89
B 0.016 (8) Over 2.00 through 2.5 Over 50.8 through 63.5 12 1.02 40 1.02
0.02 (9) Over 2.5 through 4.0 Over 63.5 through 101.6 13 1.27 50 1.27
0.025 (10) Over 4.0 through 6.0 Over 101.6 through 152.4 14 1.6 60 1.52
0.032 (11) Over 6.0 through 8.0 Over 152.4through 203.2 16 2.54 80 2.03
0.04 (12) Over 8.0 through 10.0 Over 203.4 through 254.0 17 3.2 100 2.54
C 0.05 (13) Over 10.0 through 12.0 Over 254.0 through 304.8 18 4.06 120 3.05
0.063 (14) Over 12.0 through 16.0 Over 304.8 through 406.4 20 6.35 160 4.06
0.08 (15) Over 16.0 through 20.0 Over 406.4 through 508.0 21 8.13 200 5.08
0.1 (16)
0.126 (17)
D 0.16 (18)
0.2 (19)
0.25 (20)
0.32 (21)
Thickness
(t)
Maximum size of acceptable Rounded Indication Maximum size of
Non Relevant Indication
Random Isolated
2. Aligned Indications: A sequence of four or more rounded indications shall be considered to be aligned when they touch a line parallel to the length of the weld drawn through
the centre of the two outer rounded indications.
4. Elongated Indications: Length of indications greater then 3 times the width
(a) Image Density, Density within the image of the indication may vary & is not a criterion for acceptance or rejection
(c ) Maximum Size of RI : 1/4 t or 4 mm, except Isolated Indications seperated from others by 25 mm or moremay be 6 mm. For t greater then 50 mm is 10 mm.
(d) Aligned RI : the sum is less than t in a length of 12t, Fig 4-1, Spacing and Length of group shall be as per Fig 4-2
(e) Spacing : distance between adjacent RIs is not a factor.
(g) Weld Thickness less then 3mm thk: Max. 12 no. of RI in 150 mm length of weld. .
1. Rounded Indications: Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or less on the radiographed are defined as R. I., the indication may be circular, elliptical,
conical or irregular in shape and may have tails.
When evaluating the size of an indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any imperfection in the weld, such as porosity, slag or tungston.
Acceptance Standard for Radiographically determined Rounded Indications in welds
inches mm
1/10t 2.5t
Rounded Indication Chart (APPENDIX 4, TABLE 4-1)
3. Linear Indications: crack, Incomplete Fusion, Incomplete Penetration, elongated Slag Inclusion
(h) Clustered Indications : 4 times as for random indications. Cluster Length exceeds the lesser of 1" (25mm) or 2t. Where more than one cluster is pesent, the sum of the
lengths of the clusters shall not exceed 25mm in 150mm weld length.
(f) RI Charts : Fig 4-3 through 4-8
(b) Relevant Indication: , ref. table 4.1, FOR 1/10 t for t less than 1/8 (3 mm), 1/6 t for t 3 mm to 6 mm, 1/32 t for t greater then 6 mm to 50 mm & 1/16 t for t greater then 50
mm.
APPENDIX 4
0.015 0.39
0.031 0.79
0.015 0.39
0.015 0.39
0.031 0.79
0.031 0.79
0.031 0.79
0.031 0.79
0.031 0.79
0.063 1.6
0.031 0.79
0.031 0.79
(Table T - 232.2) Wire IQI TABLE T - 276 for the selection of Penetrameters (SOURCE SIDE)
Designation & dia., in.
Nomianal Single-Wall
Material Thickness Range
Hole -Type Sensitivity
S=V.W/T x 100
Fluid service: a general term concerning the application of a piping system, considering the combination of fluid properties, operating conditions, & other factors which establish
the basis for design of the piping system.
Category D Fluid Service: a fluid service in which all the following apply: (1) the fluid handled is nonflammable , nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissues. (2) the
Category M Fluid Service: a fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic
fluid, caused by leakage, can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are taken.
High Pressure fluid Service: a fluid service for which the owner specifies the use of chapter IX ( is considered herein to be pressure in excess of that allowed by the ASME
B16.5 PN 420 (Class 2500) rating for the specific design temperature & material group. However , there are no specified pressure limitations for the application of these rules.
Normal Fluid Service: a fluid service not subject to rules for Category D, Category M, or High Pressure Fluid Service.
Severe Service:
zaheer ahmed sajid Sept 2010
REF. CODE
API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 / B31.4 ANSI B31.1 (2001)
PIPELINE
PRESS. VESSEL &
STORAGE TANKS
PRESS. VESSEL POWER PIPING
UW - 51 (b) UW- 52 (SPOT) NORMAL SEVERE CATEGORY D HIGH PRESSURE
SLAG/TUNGSTON For Pipe O.D > 2.375" (60.3 mm)
INCLUSION / EI
ESI aggregate length > 2" (50 mm) per 12" weld
Width of ESI > of ESI 1/16" (1.6 mm)
ISI aggregate length > 1/2" (13 mm) per 12" weld
Width of ISI > of ISI 1/8" (3 mm)
More then 4 ISIs with max. width 1/8" (3 mm) per 12"
weld
ESI / ISI aggregate length > 8% of weld length
For Pipe O.D < 2.375" (60.3 mm)
ESI
Length > 3 x thinnest wall thickness joined (wagon
tracks: width > 0.8 mm is considered as separate
indications)
Width
ESI > 1/16" (1.6 mm) OR Width of ISIs > 1/2 of
thinnest wall joined and aggregate Length > 2 x
thinnest wall
ESI/ISI aggeregate length > 8% of weld length
POROSITY / RI NA
Individual / scattered size
Individual > 1/8" (3 mm), > 25% of thinest wall thk. &
Distribution of Scattered as per Fig 19 or 20
Cluster
Diameter of cluster & aggregate Length in any
continous 12" > 1/2" (13 mm) Zero
Finish Pass / Surface
Individual & Aggregate length > 1/2" (13 mm)per 12"
weld
Hollow Bead Length of each indication > 1/2" (13 mm)
aggeregate length > 2" per 12" weld / > 8% of weld
individual HB > 1/4" (6mm) length &
< 2" (50 mm) separation
Size & distrib. Internal
for Tw 1/4" (6mm) Limit is
Same as for Appendix 4
For TW > 1.5 x Appendix 4
See table 4.1 Appendix 4
Surface or exposed Zero
SURFACE FINISH
Reinf. Below then the out side of pipe
NA Roughness: > 500 min Ra per
ASME B46.1 NA > 12.5 ,u m R
width of reinf. >1/8" (3.17 mm) then the original groove
REINFORCEMENT for Tw in (mm) height in (mm) Wall thk.(mm) Height
Or internal protrusion < 1/4" (6) > 1/16" (1.5) <1/2"(13) 1/16"(1.5)
Height >1/4" (6) , <1/2" (13) >1/8" (3) >1/2", < 2" (51) 1/8" (3)
>1/2" (13) , <1" (25) >5/32" (4) >2" (51) 3/32" (4)
>1" (25) > 1/16" (5)
Crack, IP, BT etc.
Surface Porosity of Exposed Slag Inclusion = Zero
Limit is twice then Normal /
Severe
AS PER ASME SEC. IX, 2007 (a) Linear Indication : (1) Crack, IP, IF
(2) ESI inclusion length > 1/8" (3 mm) for t upto 3/8" (10 mm), 1/3t for t > 3/8 < 2 1/4", 3/4" (19 mm) for t > 2 1/4" (57
mm) (3) Group of slag inclusion in line that have aggregate length > t in a length of 12t. except when 2 Indications
seperated by 6L, where L is the Longest Inperfection in group
AS PER ASME SEC. IX, 2007 (b) Rounded Indication: (1) > 20% of t or 3 mm which
ever is smaller (2) TW < 1/8' (3 mm), no. of rounded indications > 12 in a 150 mm (6")
length (3) TW > 1/8" refer Appendix I
RI less than 0.8 mm Max. dia not to be consider in RT acceptance.
NA NA NA NA NA
NA
WELDER TEST
Arc Burns, Long Seam discontinuties & other discont.
Detected by RT shall be reported to client
EU > 1/32" (0.79 mm) deep or 12.5% of W.T. which
ever is smaller & 2" in any contins. 12" length of weld
PIPE OR FITTING
DISCONTINUTIES
DEFECTS
ASME SEC. VIII (2008a) / API 650 (2007)
ESI > 2" (wagon tracks: width > 0.8 mm is considered
as separate indications)
EI length >:
(a) 1/4" (6 mm) for t upto
3/4" (19 mm)
(b) 1/3t for t from 3/4" (19
mm) to 2 1/4" (57 mm)
(C) 3/4" for t over 21/4"
Slag inclusion or cavities
are unacceptable . If the
length of any such
indication > 2/3t
In excess of that shown in
appendix A-250 of section I of
ASME BPV.
Any group of indication in the
line that have length > t in a
length of 12t except where the
distance b/w the sucessive
indication exceed 6L.
L is the length of longest
indication in group
NA NA
NA
RI inexcess of that shown
as acceptable in appendix 4
of ASME section VIII code
NA
RI are not a factor in the
acceptability of weld not
required to be fully
radiographed
NA
NA
Reinf. Above then the out side surface of pipe by more
then 1/16" (1.59 mm)
ANSI B31.3 (2008)
Individual length > Tw/4 &
> 4mm
Individual width > (2.5
mm) & Tw/4
Cummulative length > Tw
in any 12" Tw weld length
NA
Individual length > 2 Tw
Individual width > (3 mm) &
Tw/2
Cummulative length > 4Tw in
any 6" (150 mm) weld length
Individual length > Tw/3
Individual width > 3/32" (2.5
mm) & Tw/3
Cummulative length > Tw in
any 12" Tw weld length
EI length : 1/4" (6 mm) for t
upto 3/4" (19 mm) inclusive ,
1/3t for t from 3/4" (19 mm) to
2 1/4" (57 mm) inclusive, 3/4"
(19 mm) for t over 2 1/4" (57
mm)
where t is the thk. Of the
thinner portion of weld
NA
See BPV Sec. VIII,
DIV. 1 Appendix 4
PLANT PIPING
(APPLICABLE FOR GIRTH & MITTER GROOVE)
Prepared By: Zaheer Ahmed Sajid Date: 10.09.2010 sheet 2 of 3