14

Files and
Streams
OBJ E CTI VE S
In this chapter you will learn:
To create, read, write and update les.
To use class File to retrieve information about les and
directories.
The Java input/output stream class hierarchy.
The differences between text les and binary les.
Sequential-access le processing.
To use classes Scanner and Formatter to process
text les.
To use the FileInputStream and
FileOutputStream classes.
To use a JFileChooser dialog.
To use the ObjectInputStream and
ObjectOutputStream classes.
I can only assume that a Do
Not File document is led
in a Do Not File le.
Senator Frank Church
Senate Intelligence
Subcommittee Hearing, 1975
Consciousness does not
appear to itself chopped up
in bits. A river or a
stream are the metaphors
by which it is most naturally
described.
William James
I read part of it all the way
through.
Samuel Goldwyn
A great memory does not
make a philosopher, any
more than a dictionary can
be called grammar.
John Henry, Cardinal
Newman
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
2 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
Student Solution Exercises
14.6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) Computers store large amounts of data on secondary storage devices as .
ANS: files
b) A(n) is composed of several fields.
ANS: record
c) To facilitate the retrieval of specific records froma file, one field in each record is chosen
as a(n) .
ANS: record key
d) Files that are created using byte-based streams are referred to as files, while
files created using character-based streams are referred to as files.
ANS: binary, text
e) The standard stream objects are , and .
ANS: System.in, System.out, System.err
14.7 Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false. If false, explain
why.
a) The impressive functions performed by computers essentially involve the manipulation
of zeros and ones.
ANS: True.
b) People specify programs and data items as characters. Computers then manipulate and
process these characters as groups of zeros and ones.
ANS: True.
c) Data items represented in computers form a data hierarchy in which data items become
larger and more complex as we progress from fields to characters to bits and so on.
ANS: False. Data becomes more complex as we progress from bits to characters to fields,
and so on.
d) A record key identifies a record as belonging to a particular field.
ANS: False. A record key identifies a record as belonging to a particular person or entity.
e) Companies store all their information in a single file to facilitate computer processing
of the information. When a program creates a file, the file is retained by the computer
for future reference.
ANS: False. Companies typically store information in multiple files.
14.8 (File Matching) Self-Review Exercise 14.3 asks the reader to write a series of single state-
ments. Actually, these statements form the core of an important type of file-processing program,
namely, a file-matching program. In commercial data processing, it is common to have several files
in each application system. In an accounts receivable system, for example, there is generally a master
file containing detailed information about each customer, such as the customers name, address,
telephone number, outstanding balance, credit limit, discount terms, contract arrangements and
possibly a condensed history of recent purchases and cash payments.
As transactions occur (i.e., sales are made and payments arrive in the mail), information about
them is entered into a le. At the end of each business period (a month for some companies, a
week for others, and a day in some cases), the le of transactions (called "trans.txt") is applied to
the master le (called "oldmast.txt") to update each accounts purchase and payment record.
During an update, the master le is rewritten as the le "newmast.txt", which is then used at the
end of the next business period to begin the updating process again.
File-matching programs must deal with certain problems that do not arise in single-le pro-
grams. For example, a match does not always occur. If a customer on the master le has not made
any purchases or cash payments in the current business period, no record for this customer will
appear on the transaction le. Similarly, a customer who did make some purchases or cash pay-
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 3
ments could have just moved to this community, and if so, the company may not have had a
chance to create a master record for this customer.
Write a complete le-matching accounts receivable program. Use the account number on
each le as the record key for matching purposes. Assume that each le is a sequential text le with
records stored in increasing account-number order.
a) Define class TransactionRecord. Objects of this class contain an account number and
amount for the transaction. Provide methods to modify and retrieve these values.
b) Modify class AccountRecord in Fig. 14.6 to include method combine, which takes a
TransactionRecord object and combines the balance of the AccountRecord object and
amount value of the TransactionRecord object.
c) Write a program to create data for testing the program. Use the sample account data in
Figs. 14.24 and 14.25. Run the program to create the files trans.txt and oldmast.txt,
to be used by your file-matching program.
d) Create class FileMatch to perform the file-matching functionality. The class should
contain methods that read oldmast.txt and trans.txt. When a match occurs (i.e.,
records with the same account number appear in both the master file and the transac-
tion file), add the dollar amount in the transaction record to the current balance in the
master record, and write the "newmast.txt" record. (Assume that purchases are indicat-
ed by positive amounts in the transaction file and payments by negative amounts.)
When there is a master record for a particular account, but no corresponding transac-
tion record, merely write the master record to "newmast.txt". When there is a transac-
Master le
Account number Name Balance
100 Alan Jones 348.17
300 Mary Smith 27.19
500 Sam Sharp 0.00
700 Suzy Green 14.22
Fig. 14.1 | Sample data for master file.
Transaction le
Account number Transaction amount
100 27.14
300 62.11
400 100.56
900 82.17
Fig. 14.2 | Sample data for transaction file.
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
4 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
tion record, but no corresponding master record, print to a log file the message
"Unmatched transaction record for account number" (fill in the account number
from the transaction record). The log file should be a text file named "log.txt".
ANS:
1 // Exercise 14.8 Solution: AccountRecord.java
2 // A class that represents one record of information.
3
4 public class AccountRecord
5 {
6 private int account;
7 private String firstName;
8 private String lastName;
9 private double balance;
10
11 // no-argument constructor calls other constructor with default values
12 public AccountRecord()
13 {
14 this( 0, "", "", 0.0 ); // call four-argument constructor
15 } // end no-argument AccountRecord constructor
16
17 // initialize a record
18 public AccountRecord( int acct, String first, String last, double bal )
19 {
20 setAccount( acct );
21 setFirstName( first );
22 setLastName( last );
23 setBalance( bal );
24 } // end four-argument AccountRecord constructor
25
26 // add a transaction to an account record
27 public void combine( TransactionRecord transaction )
28 {
29 balance = balance + transaction.getAmount();
30 } // end method combine
31
32 // set account number
33 public void setAccount( int acct )
34 {
35 account = acct;
36 } // end method setAccount
37
38 // get account number
39 public int getAccount()
40 {
41 return account;
42 } // end method getAccount
43
44 // set first name
45 public void setFirstName( String first )
46 {
47 firstName = first;
48 } // end method setFirstName
49
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 5
50 // get first name
51 public String getFirstName()
52 {
53 return firstName;
54 } // end method getFirstName
55
56 // set last name
57 public void setLastName( String last )
58 {
59 lastName = last;
60 } // end method setLastName
61
62 // get last name
63 public String getLastName()
64 {
65 return lastName;
66 } // end method getLastName
67
68 // set balance
69 public void setBalance( double bal )
70 {
71 balance = bal;
72 } // end method setBalance
73
74 // get balance
75 public double getBalance()
76 {
77 return balance;
78 } // end method getBalance
79 } // end class AccountRecord
1 // Exercise 14.8 Solution: TransactionRecord.java
2 // A class that represents one transaction record.
3
4 public class TransactionRecord
5 {
6 private int account;
7 private double amount;
8
9 // no-argument constructor calls other constructor with default values
10 public TransactionRecord()
11 {
12 this( 0, 0.0 );
13 } // end no-argument TransactionRecord
14
15 // initialize a record
16 public TransactionRecord( int acct, double amt )
17 {
18 setAccount( acct );
19 setAmount( amt );
20 } // end two-argument TransactionRecord
21
22 // set account number
23 public void setAccount( int acct )
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
6 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
24 {
25 account = acct;
26 } // end method setAccount
27
28 // get account number
29 public int getAccount()
30 {
31 return account;
32 } // end method getAccount
33
34 // set amount
35 public void setAmount( double amt )
36 {
37 amount = amt;
38 } // end method setAmount
39
40 // get amount
41 public double getAmount()
42 {
43 return amount;
44 } // end method getAmount
45 } // end class TransactionRecord
1 // Exercise 14.8 Solution: CreateData.java
2 // Create data to put into an account file and a transactions file.
3 import java.io.File;
4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
5 import java.util.Formatter;
6 import java.util.FormatterClosedException;
7 import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
8
9 public class CreateData
10 {
11 public static void main( String args[] )
12 {
13 Formatter outOldMaster = null;
14 Formatter outTransaction = null;
15 AccountRecord accounts[] = new AccountRecord[ 4 ];
16 TransactionRecord transactions[] = new TransactionRecord[ 4 ];
17
18 // create account records
19 accounts[ 0 ] = new AccountRecord( 100, "Alan", "Jones", 348.17 );
20 accounts[ 1 ] = new AccountRecord( 300, "Mary", "Smith", 27.19 );
21 accounts[ 2 ] = new AccountRecord( 500, "Sam", "Sharp", 0.00 );
22 accounts[ 3 ] = new AccountRecord( 700, "Suzy", "Green", -14.22 );
23
24 // create transactions
25 transactions[ 0 ] = new TransactionRecord( 100, 27.14 );
26 transactions[ 1 ] = new TransactionRecord( 300, 62.11 );
27 transactions[ 2 ] = new TransactionRecord( 400, 100.56 );
28 transactions[ 3 ] = new TransactionRecord( 900, 82.17 );
29
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 7
30 try
31 {
32 // file stream for output file
33 outOldMaster = new Formatter( "oldmast.txt" );
34
35 for ( int i = 0; i < accounts.length; i++ )
36 {
37 outOldMaster.format( "%d %s %s %.2f\n",
38 accounts[ i ].getAccount(), accounts[ i ].getFirstName(),
39 accounts[ i ].getLastName(), accounts[ i ].getBalance() );
40 } // end for
41
42 // file stream for output file
43 outTransaction = new Formatter( "trans.txt" );
44
45 for ( int i = 0; i < transactions.length; i++ )
46 {
47 outTransaction.format( "%d %.2f\n",
48 transactions[ i ].getAccount(),
49 transactions[ i ].getAmount() );
50 } // end for
51 } // end try
52 catch ( SecurityException securityException )
53 {
54 System.err.println(
55 "You do not have write access to this file." );
56 System.exit( 1 );
57 } // end catch
58 catch ( FileNotFoundException fileNotFoundException )
59 {
60 System.err.println( "Error creating file." );
61 System.exit( 1 );
62 } // end catch
63 catch ( IllegalFormatException formatException )
64 {
65 System.err.println( "Error with output." );
66 System.exit( 1 );
67 } // end catch
68 catch ( FormatterClosedException closedException )
69 {
70 System.err.println(
71 "Error writing to file - file has been closed." );
72 System.exit( 1 );
73 } // end catch
74 finally
75 {
76 if ( outOldMaster != null )
77 outOldMaster.close();
78
79 if ( outTransaction != null )
80 outTransaction.close();
81 } // end finally
82 } // end main
83 } // end class CreateData
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
8 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
ANS: Contents of oldmast.txt after CreateData.java is executed:
ANS: Contents of trans.txt after CreateData.java is executed:
100 Alan Jones 348.17
300 Mary Smith 27.19
500 Sam Sharp 0.00
700 Suzy Green -14.22
100 27.14
300 62.11
400 100.56
900 82.17
1 // Exercise 14.8 Solution: FileMatch.java
2 // Combine an account file with a transactions file into a
3 // new account file.
4 import java.io.File;
5 import java.util.Formatter;
6 import java.util.FormatterClosedException;
7 import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
8 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
9 import java.util.Scanner;
10
11 public class FileMatch
12 {
13 private static Scanner inOldMaster;
14 private static Scanner inTransaction;
15 private static Formatter outNewMaster;
16 private static Formatter logFile;
17 private static TransactionRecord transaction;
18 private static AccountRecord account;
19
20 public FileMatch()
21 {
22 transaction = new TransactionRecord();
23 account = new AccountRecord();
24 } // end FileMatch constructor
25
26 public void openFiles()
27 {
28 try
29 {
30 // file streams for input and output files
31 inOldMaster = new Scanner( new File( "oldmast.txt" ) );
32 inTransaction = new Scanner( new File( "trans.txt" ) );
33 outNewMaster = new Formatter( "newmast.txt" );
34 logFile = new Formatter( "log.txt" );
35 } // end try
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 9
36 catch ( Exception exception )
37 {
38 System.err.println( "Error opening the files." );
39 } // end catch
40 } // end method openFiles
41
42 public void processFiles()
43 {
44 int transactionAccountNumber;
45 int accountNumber;
46
47 try // block for reading/writing all records
48 {
49 // get a transaction record and its account number
50 transaction = getTransactionRecord();
51
52 // if the transaction is null, we are done
53 if ( transaction == null )
54 return;
55
56 transactionAccountNumber = transaction.getAccount();
57
58 // get an account record and its account number
59 account = getAccountRecord();
60
61 // if the account is null, we are done
62 if ( account == null )
63 return;
64
65 accountNumber = account.getAccount();
66
67 while ( accountNumber != 0 )
68 {
69 while ( accountNumber < transactionAccountNumber )
70 {
71 // there is no transaction for this account
72 outNewMaster.format( "%d %s %s %.2f\n",
73 account.getAccount(), account.getFirstName(),
74 account.getLastName(), account.getBalance() );
75
76 account = getAccountRecord(); // get a new account
77
78 if ( account == null )
79 return;
80
81 accountNumber = account.getAccount();
82 } // end while
83
84 // if there is a transaction for this account
85 if ( accountNumber == transactionAccountNumber )
86 {
87 // combine the records
88 account.combine( transaction );
89
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
10 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
90 // write to the master file
91 outNewMaster.format( "%d %s %s %.2f\n",
92 account.getAccount(), account.getFirstName(),
93 account.getLastName(), account.getBalance() );
94
95 // get a new transaction
96 transaction = getTransactionRecord();
97
98 if ( transaction == null )
99 return;
100
101 transactionAccountNumber = transaction.getAccount();
102
103 // get a new account
104 account = getAccountRecord();
105
106 if ( account == null )
107 return;
108
109 accountNumber = account.getAccount();
110 } // end if
111
112 while ( transactionAccountNumber < accountNumber )
113 {
114 // there is no account for this transaction
115 logFile.format( "%s %d\n",
116 "Unmatched transaction record for account number",
117 transactionAccountNumber );
118
119 // get a new transaction
120 transaction = getTransactionRecord();
121
122 if ( transaction == null )
123 return;
124
125 transactionAccountNumber = transaction.getAccount();
126 } // end while
127 } // end outer while
128 } // end try
129 catch ( FormatterClosedException closedException )
130 {
131 System.err.println(
132 "Error writing to file - file has been closed." );
133 System.exit( 1 );
134 } // end catch
135 catch ( IllegalFormatException formatException )
136 {
137 System.err.println( "Error with output." );
138 System.exit( 1 );
139 } // end catch
140 } // end method processFiles
141
142 public void closeFiles()
143 {
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 11
144 try // close the files
145 {
146 if ( inTransaction != null )
147 inTransaction.close();
148
149 if ( outNewMaster != null )
150 outNewMaster.close();
151
152 if ( inOldMaster != null )
153 inOldMaster.close();
154
155 if ( logFile != null )
156 logFile.close();
157 } // end try
158 catch ( Exception exception )
159 {
160 System.err.println( "Error closing the files." );
161 System.exit( 1 );
162 } // end catch
163 } // end method closeFiles
164
165 // get a transaction record
166 private TransactionRecord getTransactionRecord()
167 {
168 // try to read the record
169 try
170 {
171 if ( inTransaction.hasNext() )
172 {
173 transaction.setAccount( inTransaction.nextInt() );
174 transaction.setAmount( inTransaction.nextDouble() );
175
176 return transaction;
177 } // end if
178 else // we have hit end of transaction file
179 {
180 // these remaining accounts have
181 while ( inOldMaster.hasNext() )
182 {
183 account.setAccount( inOldMaster.nextInt() );
184 account.setFirstName( inOldMaster.next() );
185 account.setLastName( inOldMaster.next() );
186 account.setBalance( inOldMaster.nextDouble() );
187
188 // store in new master
189 outNewMaster.format( "%d %s %s %.2f\n",
190 account.getAccount(), account.getFirstName(),
191 account.getLastName(), account.getBalance() );
192 } // end while
193 } // end else
194 } // end try
195 catch ( FormatterClosedException closedException )
196 {
197 System.err.println(
198 "Error writing to file - file has been closed." );
199 System.exit( 1 );
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
12 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
200 } // end catch
201 catch ( IllegalFormatException formatException )
202 {
203 System.err.println( "Error with output." );
204 System.exit( 1 );
205 } // end catch
206 catch ( NoSuchElementException elementException )
207 {
208 System.err.println( "Invalid input from file." );
209 } // end catch
210
211 // return null - no more records
212 return null;
213 } // end method getTransactionRecord
214
215 // get an account record
216 private AccountRecord getAccountRecord()
217 {
218 try // try to read an account record
219 {
220 if ( inOldMaster.hasNext() )
221 {
222 account.setAccount( inOldMaster.nextInt() );
223 account.setFirstName( inOldMaster.next() );
224 account.setLastName( inOldMaster.next() );
225 account.setBalance( inOldMaster.nextDouble() );
226
227 return account;
228 } // end if
229 else // we have hit end of old master file
230 {
231 logFile.format( "%s %d\n",
232 "Unmatched transaction record for account number",
233 transaction.getAccount() );
234
235 // these records are transactions without accounts
236 while ( inTransaction.hasNext() )
237 {
238 transaction.setAccount( inTransaction.nextInt() );
239 transaction.setAmount( inTransaction.nextDouble() );
240 } // end while
241 } // end else
242 } // end try
243 catch ( FormatterClosedException closedException )
244 {
245 System.err.println(
246 "Error writing to file - file has been closed." );
247 System.exit( 1 );
248 } // end catch
249 catch ( IllegalFormatException formatException )
250 {
251 System.err.println( "Error with output." );
252 System.exit( 1 );
253 } // end catch
254 catch ( NoSuchElementException elementException )
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 13
ANS: Contents of newmast.txt after FileMatchTest is executed.
ANS: Contents of log.txt after FileMatchTest is executed.
14.12 (Student Poll) Figure 7.8 contains an array of survey responses that is hard coded into the
program. Suppose we wish to process survey results that are stored in a file. This exercise requires
two separate programs. First, create an application that prompts the user for survey responses and
outputs each response to a file. Use a Formatter to create a file called numbers.txt. Each integer
should be written using method format. Then modify the program of Fig. 7.8 to read the survey
responses from numbers.txt. The responses should be read from the file by using a Scanner. Meth-
od nextInt should be used to input one integer at a time from the file. The program should con-
tinue to read responses until it reaches the end of file. The results should be output to the text file
"output.txt".
255 {
256 System.err.println( "Invalid input from file." );
257 } // end catch
258
259 return null;
260 } // end method getAccountRecord
261 } // end class FileMatch
1 // Exercise 14.8 Solution: FileMatchTest.java
2 // Tests FileMatch program.
3
4 public class FileMatchTest
5 {
6 public static void main( String args[] )
7 {
8 FileMatch application = new FileMatch();
9
10 application.openFiles();
11 application.processFiles();
12 application.closeFiles();
13 } // end main
14 } // end class FileMatchTest
100 Alan Jones 375.31
300 Mary Smith 89.30
500 Sam Sharp 0.00
700 Suzy Green -14.22
Unmatched transaction record for account number 400
Unmatched transaction record for account number 900
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
14 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
ANS:
1 // Exercise 14.12 Solution: CreateResults.java
2 // Create poll results and output them to a file.
3 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
4 import java.util.Formatter;
5 import java.util.FormatterClosedException;
6 import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
7 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
8 import java.util.Scanner;
9
10 public class CreateResults
11 {
12 private int getValue()
13 {
14 int result = -1;
15 Scanner scanner = new Scanner( System.in );
16
17 // prompt the user for input
18 System.out.print(
19 "Enter integer result (1 - 10), -1 to quit: " );
20
21 try
22 {
23 result = scanner.nextInt();
24 } // end try
25 catch ( NoSuchElementException noSuchElementException )
26 {
27 System.err.println( "Error with input." );
28 System.exit( 1 );
29 } // end catch
30
31 return result;
32 } // end method getValue
33
34 private void outputData()
35 {
36 Formatter pollNumbers = null;
37
38 try
39 {
40 // create the output stream
41 pollNumbers = new Formatter( "numbers.txt" );
42
43 int pollValue = getValue(); // get a number from the user
44
45 // test for the sentinel value
46 while ( pollValue != -1 )
47 {
48 // if the number is valid
49 if ( pollValue > 0 && pollValue < 11 )
50
51 // write the value
52 pollNumbers.format( "%d\n", pollValue );
53
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 15
54 pollValue = getValue(); // get another value
55 } // end while
56
57 pollNumbers.close(); // close the file
58 } // end try
59 catch( SecurityException securityException )
60 {
61 System.err.println( "Error opening file." );
62 } // end catch
63 catch( FileNotFoundException fileNotFoundException )
64 {
65 System.err.println( "Output file cannot be found." );
66 } // end catch
67 catch( IllegalFormatException illegalFormatException )
68 {
69 System.err.println( "Error with the output's format." );
70 } // end catch
71 catch( FormatterClosedException formatterClosedException )
72 {
73 System.err.println( "File has been closed." );
74 } // end catch
75 finally
76 {
77 if ( pollNumbers != null )
78 pollNumbers.close();
79 } // end finally
80 } // end method outputData
81
82 public static void main( String args[] )
83 {
84 CreateResults application = new CreateResults();
85 application.outputData();
86 } // end main
87 } // end class CreateResults
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
16 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
ANS: Contents of numbers.txt after CreateResults.java has been executed:
3
4
5
2
2
2
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
5
7
7
7
1 // Exercise 14.12 Solution: StudentPoll.java
2 // Read poll results from a file and output ratings.
3 import java.io.File;
4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
5 import java.util.Formatter;
6 import java.util.FormatterClosedException;
7 import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
8 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
9 import java.util.Scanner;
10
11 public class StudentPoll
12 {
13 public void displayData()
14 {
15 int frequency[] = new int[ 11 ];
16
17 Formatter writer = null;
18 Scanner pollNumbers = null;
19
20 try
21 {
22 pollNumbers = new Scanner(
23 new File( "numbers.txt" ) );
24
25 writer = new Formatter( "output.txt" );
26
27 writer.format( "%-12s%-12s\n", "Rating", "Frequency" );
28
29 // for each answer, use that value as subscript to
30 // determine element to increment
31 while ( pollNumbers.hasNext() )
32 ++frequency[ pollNumbers.nextInt() ];
33
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 17
34 // append frequencies to String output
35 for ( int rating = 1; rating < frequency.length; rating++ )
36 writer.format( "%-12d%-12d\n", rating, frequency[ rating ] );
37 } // end try
38 catch ( FileNotFoundException fileNotFoundException )
39 {
40 System.err.println( "Error: Files cannot be opened." );
41 } // end catch
42 catch ( FormatterClosedException formatterClosedException )
43 {
44 System.err.println( "Error: Output file is closed." );
45 } // end catch
46 catch ( SecurityException securityException )
47 {
48 System.err.println( "Error opening file for writing." );
49 } // end catch
50 catch ( IllegalFormatException illegalFormatException )
51 {
52 System.err.println( "Error writing data to file." );
53 } // end catch
54 catch ( NoSuchElementException noSuchElementException )
55 {
56 System.err.println( "Error reading from file." );
57 } // end catch
58 catch ( IllegalStateException illegalStateException )
59 {
60 System.err.println( "Error: Input file is closed." );
61 } // end catch
62 finally
63 {
64 if ( writer != null )
65 writer.close();
66
67 if ( pollNumbers != null )
68 pollNumbers.close();
69 } // end finally
70 } // end displayData
71 } // end class StudentPoll
1 // Exercise 14.12 Solution: StudentPollTest.java
2 // Testing the StudentPoll class.
3
4 public class StudentPollTest
5 {
6 public static void main( String args[] )
7 {
8 StudentPoll application = new StudentPoll();
9 application.displayData();
10 } // end main
11 } // end class StudentPollTest
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
18 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
ANS: Contents of output.txt after StudentPollTest.java has been executed.
14.13 Modify Exercise 11.18 to allow the user to save a drawing into a file or load a prior drawing
from a file using object serialization. Add buttons Load (to read objects from a file) and Save (to
write objects to a file). Use an ObjectOutputStream to write to the file and an ObjectInputStream
to read from the file. Write the array of MyShape objects using method writeObject (class Ob-
jectOutputStream), and read the array using method readObject (ObjectInputStream). Note that
the object-serialization mechanism can read or write entire arraysit is not necessary to manipulate
each element of the array of MyShape objects individually. It is simply required that all the shapes be
Serializable. Because the array of MyShape objects is of length 100 (and is not necessarily filled
with shapes drawn by the user), you may also want to store the number of shapes drawn to the file.
For both the Load and Save buttons, use a JFileChooser to allow the user to select the file in which
the shapes will be stored or from which they will be read. When the user first runs the program, no
shapes should be displayed on the screen. The user can display shapes by opening a previously saved
file of shapes or by drawing their own shapes. Once there are shapes on the screen, users can save
them to a file using the Save button.
ANS:
Rating Frequency
1 0
2 3
3 1
4 1
5 2
6 0
7 3
8 2
9 5
10 0
1 // Exercise 14.13: MyShape.java
2 // Declaration of class MyShape.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5 import java.io.Serializable;
6
7 public abstract class MyShape implements Serializable
8 {
9 private int x1; // x coordinate of first endpoint
10 private int y1; // y coordinate of first endpoint
11 private int x2; // x coordinate of second endpoint
12 private int y2; // y coordinate of second endpoint
13 private Color myColor; // color of this shape
14
15 // default constructor initializes values with 0
16 public MyShape()
17 {
18 this( 0, 0, 0, 0, Color.BLACK ); // call constructor to set values
19 } // end MyShape no-argument constructor
20
21 // constructor
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Student Solution Exercises 19
22 public MyShape( int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Color color )
23 {
24 setX1( x1 ); // set x coordinate of first endpoint
25 setY1( y1 ); // set y coordinate of first endpoint
26 setX2( x2 ); // set x coordinate of second endpoint
27 setY2( y2 ); // set y coordinate of second endpoint
28 setColor( color ); // set the color
29 } // end MyShape constructor
30
31 // set the x-coordinate of the first point
32 public void setX1( int x1 )
33 {
34 this.x1 = ( x1 >= 0 ? x1 : 0 );
35 } // end method setX1
36
37 // get the x-coordinate of the first point
38 public int getX1()
39 {
40 return x1;
41 } // end method getX1
42
43 // set the x-coordinate of the second point
44 public void setX2( int x2 )
45 {
46 this.x2 = ( x2 >= 0 ? x2 : 0 );
47 } // end method setX2
48
49 // get the x-coordinate of the second point
50 public int getX2()
51 {
52 return x2;
53 } // end method getX2
54
55 // set the y-coordinate of the first point
56 public void setY1( int y1 )
57 {
58 this.y1 = ( y1 >= 0 ? y1 : 0 );
59 } // end method setY1
60
61 // get the y-coordinate of the first point
62 public int getY1()
63 {
64 return y1;
65 } // end method getY1
66
67 // set the y-coordinate of the second point
68 public void setY2( int y2 )
69 {
70 this.y2 = ( y2 >= 0 ? y2 : 0 );
71 } // end method setY2
72
73 // get the y-coordinate of the second point
74 public int getY2()
75 {
76 return y2;
77 } // end method getY2
78
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20 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
79 // set the color
80 public void setColor( Color color )
81 {
82 myColor = color;
83 } // end method setColor
84
85 // get the color
86 public Color getColor()
87 {
88 return myColor;
89 } // end method getColor
90
91 // abstract draw method
92 public abstract void draw( Graphics g );
93 } // end class MyShape
1 // Exercise 14.13: MyLine.java
2 // Declaration of class MyLine.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5
6 public class MyLine extends MyShape
7 {
8 // call default superclass constructor
9 public MyLine()
10 {
11 super();
12 } // end MyLine no-argument constructor
13
14 // call superclass constructor passing parameters
15 public MyLine( int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Color color )
16 {
17 super( x1, y1, x2, y2, color );
18 } // end MyLine constructor
19
20 // draw line in specified color
21 public void draw( Graphics g )
22 {
23 g.setColor( getColor() );
24 g.drawLine( getX1(), getY1(), getX2(), getY2() );
25 } // end method draw
26 } // end class MyLine
1 // Exercise 14.13: MyBoundedShape.java
2 // Declaration of class MyBoundedShape.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5
6 public abstract class MyBoundedShape extends MyShape
7 {
8 private boolean filled; // whether this shape is filled
9
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Student Solution Exercises 21
10 // call default superclass constructor
11 public MyBoundedShape()
12 {
13 super();
14 setFilled( false );
15 } // end MyBoundedShape no-argument constructor
16
17 // call superclass constructor passing parameters
18 public MyBoundedShape( int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
19 Color color, boolean isFilled )
20 {
21 super( x1, y1, x2, y2, color );
22 setFilled( isFilled );
23 } // end MyBoundedShape constructor
24
25 // get upper left x coordinate
26 public int getUpperLeftX()
27 {
28 return Math.min( getX1(), getX2() );
29 } // end method getUpperLeftX
30
31 // get upper left y coordinate
32 public int getUpperLeftY()
33 {
34 return Math.min( getY1(), getY2() );
35 } // end method getUpperLeftY
36
37 // get shape width
38 public int getWidth()
39 {
40 return Math.abs( getX2() - getX1() );
41 } // end method getWidth
42
43 // get shape height
44 public int getHeight()
45 {
46 return Math.abs( getY2() - getY1() );
47 } // end method getHeight
48
49 // determines whether this shape is filled
50 public boolean isFilled()
51 {
52 return filled;
53 } // end method is filled
54
55 // sets whether this shape is filled
56 public void setFilled( boolean isFilled )
57 {
58 filled = isFilled;
59 } // end method setFilled
60 } // end class MyBoundedShape
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
22 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
1 // Exercise 14.13: MyRect.java
2 // Declaration of class MyRect.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5
6 public class MyRect extends MyBoundedShape
7 {
8 // call default superclass constructor
9 public MyRect()
10 {
11 super();
12 } // end MyRect no-argument constructor
13
14 // call superclass constructor passing parameters
15 public MyRect( int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
16 Color color, boolean isFilled )
17 {
18 super( x1, y1, x2, y2, color, isFilled );
19 } // end MyRect constructor
20
21 // draw rectangle
22 public void draw( Graphics g )
23 {
24 g.setColor( getColor() );
25
26 if ( isFilled() )
27 g.fillRect( getUpperLeftX(), getUpperLeftY(),
28 getWidth(), getHeight() );
29 else
30 g.drawRect( getUpperLeftX(), getUpperLeftY(),
31 getWidth(), getHeight() );
32 } // end method draw
33 } // end class MyRect
1 // Exercise 14.13: MyOval.java
2 // Declaration of class MyOval.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5
6 public class MyOval extends MyBoundedShape
7 {
8 // call default superclass constructor
9 public MyOval()
10 {
11 super();
12 } // end MyOval no-argument constructor
13
14 // call superclass constructor passing parameters
15 public MyOval( int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
16 Color color, boolean isFilled )
17 {
18 super( x1, y1, x2, y2, color, isFilled );
19 } // end MyOval constructor
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 23
20
21 // draw oval
22 public void draw( Graphics g )
23 {
24 g.setColor( getColor() );
25
26 if ( isFilled() )
27 g.fillOval( getUpperLeftX(), getUpperLeftY(),
28 getWidth(), getHeight() );
29 else
30 g.drawOval( getUpperLeftX(), getUpperLeftY(),
31 getWidth(), getHeight() );
32 } // end method draw
33 } // end class MyOval
1 // Exercise 14.13: DrawPanel.java
2 // JPanel that allows the user to draw shapes with the mouse.
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import java.awt.Graphics;
5 import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
6 import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
7 import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
8 import java.io.EOFException;
9 import java.io.File;
10 import java.io.FileInputStream;
11 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
12 import java.io.IOException;
13 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
14 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
15 import javax.swing.JFileChooser;
16 import javax.swing.JLabel;
17 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
18 import javax.swing.JPanel;
19
20 public class DrawPanel extends JPanel
21 {
22 private MyShape shapes[]; // array containing all the shapes
23 private int shapeCount; // statistic on the number of each shape
24
25 private int shapeType; // the type of shape to draw
26 private MyShape currentShape; // the current shape being drawn
27 private Color currentColor; // the color of the shape
28 private boolean filledShape; // whether this shape is filled
29
30 private JLabel statusLabel; // label displaying mouse coordinates
31
32 // constructor
33 public DrawPanel( JLabel status )
34 {
35 shapes = new MyShape[ 100 ]; // create the array
36 shapeCount = 0; // initially we have no shapes
37
38 setShapeType( 0 ); // initially draw lines
39 setDrawingColor( Color.BLACK ); // start drawing with black
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
24 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
40 setFilledShape( false );// not filled by default
41 currentShape = null; // not drawing anything initially
42
43 setBackground( Color.WHITE ); // set a white background
44
45 // add the mouse listeners
46 MouseHandler mouseHandler = new MouseHandler();
47 addMouseListener( mouseHandler );
48 addMouseMotionListener( mouseHandler );
49
50 // set the status label for displaying mouse coordinates
51 statusLabel = status;
52 } // end DrawPanel constructor
53
54 // draw shapes using polymorphism
55 public void paintComponent( Graphics g )
56 {
57 super.paintComponent( g );
58
59 for ( int i = 0; i < shapeCount; i++ )
60 shapes[ i ].draw( g );
61
62 if ( currentShape != null )
63 currentShape.draw( g );
64 } // end method paintComponent
65
66 // sets the type of shape to draw
67 public void setShapeType( int shapeType )
68 {
69 if ( shapeType < 0 || shapeType > 2 )
70 shapeType = 0;
71
72 this.shapeType = shapeType;
73 } // end method setShapeType
74
75 // sets the drawing color
76 public void setDrawingColor( Color c )
77 {
78 currentColor = c;
79 } // end method setDrawingColor
80
81 // clears the last shape drawn
82 public void clearLastShape()
83 {
84 if ( shapeCount > 0 )
85 {
86 shapeCount--;
87 repaint();
88 } // end if
89 } // end method clearLastShape
90
91 // clears all drawings on this panel
92 public void clearDrawing()
93 {
94 shapeCount = 0;
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 25
95 repaint();
96 } // end method clearDrawing
97
98 // sets whether to draw a filled shape
99 public void setFilledShape( boolean isFilled )
100 {
101 filledShape = isFilled;
102 } // end method setFilledShape
103
104 // load saved drawing
105 public void loadDrawing()
106 {
107 ObjectInputStream input = null;
108
109 try // user selects file, shapes are input
110 {
111 // use JFileChooser to select file
112 JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
113 fileChooser.setFileSelectionMode(
114 JFileChooser.FILES_ONLY );
115
116 int result = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(
117 DrawPanel.this );
118
119 // if user clicked Cancel button on dialog, return
120 if ( result == JFileChooser.CANCEL_OPTION )
121 return;
122
123 // get selected file
124 File fileName = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();
125
126 // display error if invalid
127 if ( ( fileName == null ) ||
128 ( fileName.getName().equals( "" ) ) )
129 {
130 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
131 "Invalid File Name", "Invalid File Name",
132 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
133 return;
134 } // end if
135
136 // open file for input
137 input = new ObjectInputStream(
138 new FileInputStream( fileName ) );
139
140 // read in number of shapes using deserialization
141 shapeCount = ( Integer ) input.readObject();
142
143 // read in shapes using deserialization
144 // set shapes to be displayed on drawPanel
145 shapes = ( MyShape [] ) input.readObject();
146
147 repaint(); // redraw shapes
148 } // end try
149 catch ( EOFException eofException )
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26 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
150 {
151 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
152 "No more records in file.", "End of File",
153 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
154 } // end catch
155 catch ( ClassNotFoundException classNotFoundException )
156 {
157 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
158 "Unable to create object.", "Class Not Found",
159 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
160 } // end catch
161 catch ( IOException ioException )
162 {
163 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
164 "Error opening file.", "Error",
165 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
166 } // end catch
167 finally
168 {
169 try
170 {
171 if ( input != null )
172 input.close(); // close file and stream
173 } // end try
174 catch ( IOException ioException )
175 {
176 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
177 "Error closing file.", "Error",
178 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
179 } // end catch
180 } // end finally
181 } // end method loadDrawing
182
183 // save drawing as serialized objects
184 public void saveDrawing()
185 {
186 ObjectOutputStream output = null;
187
188 try
189 {
190 // use JFileChooser to select file
191 JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
192 fileChooser.setFileSelectionMode(
193 JFileChooser.FILES_ONLY );
194
195 int result = fileChooser.showSaveDialog(
196 DrawPanel.this );
197
198 // if user clicked Cancel button on dialog, return
199 if ( result == JFileChooser.CANCEL_OPTION )
200 return;
201
202 // get selected file
203 File fileName = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();
204
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Student Solution Exercises 27
205 // display error if invalid
206 if ( ( fileName == null ) ||
207 ( fileName.getName().equals( "" ) ) )
208 {
209 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
210 "Invalid File Name", "Invalid File Name",
211 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
212 return;
213 } // end if
214
215 // open file for output
216 output = new ObjectOutputStream(
217 new FileOutputStream( fileName ) );
218
219 // write number of shapes to file
220 output.writeObject( shapeCount );
221
222 // write shapes to file using serialization
223 output.writeObject( shapes );
224 } // end try
225 catch ( IOException ioException )
226 {
227 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
228 "Error Opening File", "Error.",
229 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
230 } // end catch
231 finally
232 {
233 try
234 {
235 if ( output != null )
236 output.close(); // close file and stream
237 } // end try
238 catch ( IOException ioException )
239 {
240 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( DrawPanel.this,
241 "Error closing file.", "Error",
242 JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
243 } // end catch
244 } // end finally
245 } // end method saveDrawing
246
247 // Handles mouse events for this JPanel
248 private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
249 implements MouseMotionListener
250 {
251 // creates and sets the initial position for the new shape
252 public void mousePressed( MouseEvent e )
253 {
254 if ( currentShape != null )
255 return;
256
257 // create the appropriate shape based on shapeType
258 switch ( shapeType )
259 {
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
28 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
260 case 0:
261 currentShape = new MyLine( e.getX(), e.getY(),
262 e.getX(), e.getY(), currentColor );
263 break;
264 case 1:
265 currentShape = new MyOval( e.getX(), e.getY(),
266 e.getX(), e.getY(), currentColor, filledShape );
267 break;
268 case 2:
269 currentShape = new MyRect( e.getX(), e.getY(),
270 e.getX(), e.getY(), currentColor, filledShape );
271 break;
272 } // end switch
273 } // end method mousePressed
274
275 // fixes the current shape onto the panel
276 public void mouseReleased( MouseEvent e )
277 {
278 if ( currentShape == null )
279 return;
280
281 // set the second point on the shape
282 currentShape.setX2( e.getX() );
283 currentShape.setY2( e.getY() );
284
285 // only set the shape if there is room in the array
286 if ( shapeCount < shapes.length )
287 {
288 shapes[ shapeCount ] = currentShape;
289 shapeCount++;
290 } // end if
291
292 currentShape = null; // clear the temporary drawing shape
293 repaint();
294 } // end method mouseReleased
295
296 // update the shape to the current mouse position while dragging
297 public void mouseDragged( MouseEvent e )
298 {
299 if ( currentShape != null )
300 {
301 currentShape.setX2( e.getX() );
302 currentShape.setY2( e.getY() );
303 repaint();
304 } // end if
305
306 mouseMoved( e ); // update status bar
307 } // end method mouseDragged
308
309 // updates the status bar to show the current mouse coordinates
310 public void mouseMoved( MouseEvent e )
311 {
312 statusLabel.setText(
313 String.format( "(%d,%d)", e.getX(), e.getY() ) );
314 } // end method mouseMoved
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 29
315 } // end class MouseHandler
316 } // end class DrawPanel
1 // Exercise 14.13: DrawFrame.java
2 // Program that creates a panel for the user to draw shapes.
3 // Allows the user to choose the shape and color.
4 import java.awt.BorderLayout;
5 import java.awt.Color;
6 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
7 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
8 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
9 import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
10 import java.awt.event.ItemListener;
11 import javax.swing.JButton;
12 import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
13 import javax.swing.JComboBox;
14 import javax.swing.JFrame;
15 import javax.swing.JLabel;
16 import javax.swing.JPanel;
17
18 public class DrawFrame extends JFrame
19 implements ItemListener, ActionListener
20 {
21 // Array of possible colors
22 private Color colors[] = { Color.BLACK, Color.BLUE, Color.CYAN,
23 Color.DARK_GRAY, Color.GRAY, Color.GREEN, Color.LIGHT_GRAY,
24 Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE, Color.PINK, Color.RED, Color.WHITE,
25 Color.YELLOW };
26
27 // Array of names corresponding to the possible colors
28 private String colorNames[] = { "Black", "Blue", "Cyan", "Dark Gray",
29 "Gray", "Green", "Light Gray", "Magenta", "Orange", "Pink", "Red",
30 "White", "Yellow" };
31
32 // Array of possible shapes
33 private String shapes[] = { "Line", "Oval", "Rectangle" };
34
35 private DrawPanel drawPanel; // panel that handles the drawing
36
37 private JButton loadButton; // button to load saved drawing
38 private JButton saveButton; // button to save drawing to file
39 private JButton undoButton; // button to undo the last shape drawn
40 private JButton clearButton; // button to clear all shapes
41 private JComboBox colorChoices; // combo box for selecting the color
42 private JComboBox shapeChoices; // combo box for selecting shapes
43 private JCheckBox filledCheckBox; // check box to toggle filled shapes
44
45 // constructor
46 public DrawFrame()
47 {
48 super( "Java Drawings" );
49
50 // create a panel to store the components at the top of the frame
51 JPanel topPanel = new JPanel( new FlowLayout() );
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
30 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
52
53 // create a button for loading a saved drawing
54 loadButton = new JButton( "Load" );
55 loadButton.addActionListener( this );
56 topPanel.add( loadButton );
57
58 // create a button for saving drawing
59 saveButton = new JButton( "Save" );
60 saveButton.addActionListener( this );
61 topPanel.add( saveButton );
62
63 // create a button for clearing the last drawing
64 undoButton = new JButton( "Undo" );
65 undoButton.addActionListener( this );
66 topPanel.add( undoButton );
67
68 // create a button for clearing all drawings
69 clearButton = new JButton( "Clear" );
70 clearButton.addActionListener( this );
71 topPanel.add( clearButton );
72
73 // create a combo-box for choosing colors
74 colorChoices = new JComboBox( colorNames );
75 colorChoices.addItemListener( this );
76 topPanel.add( colorChoices );
77
78 // create a combo-box for choosing shapes
79 shapeChoices = new JComboBox( shapes );
80 shapeChoices.addItemListener( this );
81 topPanel.add( shapeChoices );
82
83 // create a check-box to determine whether the shape is filled
84 filledCheckBox = new JCheckBox( "Filled" );
85 filledCheckBox.addItemListener( this );
86 topPanel.add( filledCheckBox );
87
88 // add the top panel to the frame
89 add( topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH );
90
91 // create a label for the status bar
92 JLabel statusLabel = new JLabel( "(0,0)" );
93
94 // add the status bar at the bottom
95 add( statusLabel, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
96
97 // create the DrawPanel with its status bar label
98 drawPanel = new DrawPanel( statusLabel );
99
100 add( drawPanel ); // add the drawing area to the center
101 } // end DrawFrame constructor
102
103 // handle selections made to a combo box of check box
104 public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent e )
105 {
106 if ( e.getSource() == shapeChoices ) // choosing a shape
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 31
107 drawPanel.setShapeType( shapeChoices.getSelectedIndex() );
108 else if (e.getSource() == colorChoices ) // choosing a color
109 drawPanel.setDrawingColor(
110 colors[ colorChoices.getSelectedIndex() ] );
111 else if ( e.getSource() == filledCheckBox ) // filled/unfilled
112 drawPanel.setFilledShape( filledCheckBox.isSelected() );
113 } // end method itemStateChanged
114
115 // handle button clicks
116 public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
117 {
118 if ( e.getSource() == loadButton )
119 drawPanel.loadDrawing();
120 else if ( e.getSource() == saveButton )
121 drawPanel.saveDrawing();
122 else if ( e.getSource() == undoButton )
123 drawPanel.clearLastShape();
124 else if ( e.getSource() == clearButton )
125 drawPanel.clearDrawing();
126 } // end method actionPerformed
127 } // end class DrawFrame
1 // Exercise 14.14: TestDraw.java
2 // Test application to display a DrawFrame
3 import javax.swing.JFrame;
4
5 public class TestDraw
6 {
7 public static void main( String args[] )
8 {
9 DrawFrame application = new DrawFrame();
10 application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
11 application.setSize( 600, 500 );
12 application.setVisible( true );
13 } // end main
14 } // end class TestDraw
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
32 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Student Solution Exercises 33
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34 Chapter 14 Files and Streams
2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.