1 N MONO-PROPELLANT THRUSTER

RELIABLE CONTROL OF SMALL AND MIDSIZE SPACECRAFT

1 N
All the space you need
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Heritage
Astrium is engaged in the mono-propellant hydra-
zine propusion technology since 1966. It can look
back on longlasting experience in development and
production of hydrazine thrusters and propulsion
systems for numerous commercial, scientic
and military spacecraft and for attitude control of
Europes large launcher Ariane 5.
The family of monopropellant hydrazine thrusters
ranges from 0,5 N to 400 N, most of them available
with either straight or canted expansion nozzle.
The 1 N thruster is a small rocket engine for attitude-,
trajectory- and orbit-control of small satellites and
deep space probes.
The thruster was derived from a space proven 0,5 N
thruster, of which some 165 units were own on
OTS-2, ECS, Marecs, Telecom-1, Skynet 4 and
NATO-IV.
The thruster has experienced multiple improve-
ments since the above mentioned applications,
especially in view of minimum possible production
cost. Today it may be called a low cost thruster.
The thrusters are equipped with propellant valves
from either Astrium or foreign supplier depending on
customers request. The thruster is an All European
Product when euipped with the Astrium valve.
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
1 N Thruster in Space
More than 500 units of the thrusters rst and second generation operate successfully in space to date, and further
will follow. (
*
Spacecraft will be launched in the near future)
SPACECRAFT LAUNCH
GLOBALSTAR 1998
Jason-1 (Proteus) 2001
Rocsat 2004
Calipso (Proteus) 2006
Corot (Proteus) 2006
CosmoSkymed-1 2007
CosmoSkymed-2 2007
Radarsat 2007
Terra-SAR 2007
CosmoSkymed-3 2008
GSTB-B 2008
Jason-2 (Proteus) 2008
Theos 2008
Herschel/Planck 2009
Spirale 1 (Myriade) 2009
SPACECRAFT LAUNCH
Spirale 2 (Myriade) 2009
SMOS (Proteus) 2009
TANDEM-X 2010
Alsat 2A (Myriade) 2010
CosmoSkymed-4 2010
CosmoSkymed-4 2010
Elisa-1 (Myriade) 2011
Elisa-2 (Myriade) 2011
Elisa-3 Myriade) 2011
Elisa-4 (Myriade) 2011
Pleiades HR1 2011
SSOT (Myriade) 2011
Jason-3 2013
Alsat 2B (Myriade)
*
AstroTerra 1
*
SPACECRAFT LAUNCH
AstroTerra 2
*
CSO-1
*
CSO-2
*
CSO-3
*
KRS
*
Pleiades HR2
*
Sentinel-2 A
*
Sentinel-2 B
*
Sentinel-5P
*
SEOSAR
*
SEOSAT
*
Taranis (Myriade)
*
Vietnam-1 (Myriade)
*
Vietnam-1 (Myriade)
*
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Design Description
The thruster valves are dual seat / dual coil solenoid
types. The solenoids are mechanically and electri-
cally decoupled from each other.
The thruster performance is identical for all valves.
The 1 N thruster uses the storable pro-
pellant hydrazine N2O4. The propellant is
decomposed when passing the catalyst.
It is designed for both, long term steady state and
pulse mode operation. It operates in a wide pressure
range and is thus an ideal thruster for blow down
propulsion systems.
Combustion chamber and nozzle are made of
Haynes 25. The thruster structure is designed also
to serve as a heat barrier for protecting valve and
S/C structure against improper high temperatures.
The thruster is equipped with an internally redundant
catalyst bed heater and with thermal insulation to
guarantee for optimum start up. In addition, the
thruster is qualied for multiple cold starts.
1 N
Thruster Model CHT-1N
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS VALUES
Thrust Nominal 1 N
Thrust Range 0.320 ... 1.1 N
Specic Impulse, Nominal 220 s
Pulse, Range 200 ... 223 s
Mass Flow, Nominal 0.44 g/s
Mass Flow, Range 0.142 ... 0.447 g/s
Inlet Pressure Range 5.5 ... 22 bar
Minimum Impulse Bit 0.01 ... 0.043 N
Nozzle Expansion Ratio (by area) 80
Mass, Thruster with valve 290 g
PROPELLANT Hydrazine (N2H4), High-Purity Grade
SUPPLIED COMPONENTS
Catalyst Foreign Supplier
Catalyst Bed Heater Cartridge Heater with redundant heating elements, Power 6.4 W
Foreign Supplier
Valve, 16 V DC Dual Seat Dual Solenoid Valve, Power 6.5 W, foreign supplier
Valve, 28 V DC Dual Seat Dual Solenoid Valve, Power 9.5 W, foreign supplier
Valve, 28 V DC Dual Seat Dual Solenoid Valve, Power 9.5 W, Astrium
QUALIFICATION
Total Impulse 112,000 kNs
Cycle Life 59,000 cycles
Propellant Throughput 52 kg
Single Burn Life 12 h
Accumulated Burn Life 50
No of Cold Starts bellow 100 C 10
Shock Loads, all axes 500 g for 0.5 ms
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Launch Vibration Loads
The thruster is qualied to withstand sinus and
random vibration at the shown levels. These loads
represent both, launcher loads and amplication by
the spacecraft. The loads are applied at the thruster
mounting ange.
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Structure interface
THRUSTER DIMENSIONS
STRUCTURE CUT OUT
PULSE MODE PERFORMANCE
DUTY CYCLE QUALIFICATION
The thruster qualication program includes extensive
pulse mode testing at numerous combinations
of valve ON- and valve OFF-times, ranging from
milliseconds to seconds, at various propellant inlet
pressures.
PULSE MODE PERFORMANCE
SPECIFIC IMPULSE
Thruster efciency for pulse mode ring is naturally
lower than that of steady state operation, espe-
cially the shorter the pulses. However, this thruster
achieves already 80% to 90% of its steady state
efciency at 300 ms pulses.
PULSE MODE PERFORMANCE
IMPULSE BIT
In analogy to the steady state thrust, the impulse
bits are a nearly linear function of the feed pressure.
Even at minimum feed pressure and pulse duration
the I-Bit deviation from thruster to thruster is only
12 %.
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Puls Operation
STEADY STATE PERFORMANCE
THRUST
The thruster can be operated in blow down mode
over the entire inlet pressure range ( ratio of 4:1). The
decomposition behaviour is insensitive to pressure
variations, the thrust is a nearly linear function of the
feed pressure.
STEADY STATE PERFORMANCE
SPECIFIC IMPULSE
The Specic Impulse is a measure for the thruster
efciency. The higher the Isp, the better the thruster.
The efciency of this thruster is worlwide competitive.
STEADY STATE PERFORMANCE
400 THRUSTERS
Acceptance hot ring data of 400 thrusters
demonstrate the performance reproducibility and
thus the constantly high quality of the thruster
production.
1 N Mono-Propellant Thruster
Steady State Operation
ASTRIUM
PROPULSION & EQUIPMENT
D 81663 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 89 607 32480 Fax: +49 (0) 89 607 85480
Hartwig.Ellerbrock@astrium.eads.net
www.space-propulsion.com www.astrium.eads.net
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