Physic Investigation

Sound, Energy and Light

Teachers Name: Antonio Medina and Alethia Mtz

Student: Mariel Soberon
29/04/2014

Index.

Sound . 1-2-
3
Light . 4-5
Energy . 5-6











Sound.
All sounds are vibrations traveling through the air as
sound waves. Sound waves are caused by the vibrations
of objects and radiate outward from their source in all
directions. A vibrating object compresses the
surrounding air molecules.
Fundamental of a Sound Wave.
The simplest kind of sound wave is a sine wave. A sine
wave clearly demonstrates the three fundamental
characteristics of a sound wave: frequency, amplitude,
and phase.



Frecuency.
Frequency is the rate, or number of times per second,
that a sound wave cycles from positive to negative to
positive again. Frequency is measured in cycles per
second, or hertz.

Amplitude.
Amplitude (or intensity) refers to the strength of a
sound wave, which the human ear interprets as volume
or loudness.

Phase.
Phase compares the timing between two similar sound
waves.
Phase cancelation can be a problem when mixing similar
audio signals together, or when original and reflected
sound waves interact in a reflective room. For example,
when the left and right channels of a stereo mix are
combined to create a mono mix, the signals may suffer
from phase cancelation.
Sound is a Mechanical wave.
Sound and music are parts of our everyday sensory
experience.Sound is a wave that is created by vibrating
objects and propagated through a medium from one
location to another, a sound wave is similar in nature to
a slinky wave for a variety of reasons.
Production and propagation of sound waves.
Electromagnetic waves are waves that have an
electric and magnetic nature and
are capable of traveling through a
vacuum. Electromagnetic waves do
not require a medium in order to
transport their energy. Mechanical
waves are waves that require a medium in order to
transport their energy from one location to another.
Because mechanical waves rely on particle interaction in
order to transport their energy, they cannot travel
through regions of space that are void of particles.
Sound as a longitudinal wave.
sound is a mechanical wave that is created by a
vibrating object. The vibrations of the object set
particles in the surrounding medium in vibrational
motion, thus transporting energy through the medium.
For a sound wave traveling through air, the vibrations of
the particles are best described
as longitudinal. Longitudinal waves are waves in which
the motion of the individual particles of the medium is
in a direction that is parallel to the direction of energy
transport. A longitudinal wave can be created in a slinky
if the slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction
and the first coils of the slinky are vibrated horizontally.
Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are
longitudinal waves because particles of the medium
through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel
to the direction that the sound wave moves. A vibrating
string can create longitudinal waves as depicted in the
animation below. As the vibrating string moves in
the forward direction.
Sound is a pressure wave.
Sound is a mechanical wave that results from the back
and forth vibration of the particles of the medium
through which the sound wave is moving. If a sound
wave is moving from left to right through air, then
particles of air will be displaced both rightward and
leftward as the energy of the sound wave passes
through it. The motion of the particles is parallel (and
anti-parallel) to the direction of the energy transport.
This is what characterizes sound waves in air
as longitudinal waves.



Light.
Is visible to the human eye, and is responsible for the
sense of sight Visible light is usually defined as having
a wavelength in the range of 400 nanometres (nm), or
40010

9
m, to 700 nanometres between the infrared,
with longer wavelengths and the ultraviolet, with shorter
wavelengths. These numbers do not represent the
absolute limits of human vision, but the approximate
range within which most people can see reasonably well
under most circumstances.
Primary properties of visible light are intensity,
propagation
direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum,
and polarisation, while its speed in a vacuum,
299,792,458 meters per second, is one of the
fundamental constants of nature. Visible light, as with
all types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), is
experimentally found to always move at this speed in
vacuum.
In physics, the term light sometimes refers to
electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether
visible or not. This article focuses on visible light.
Light sources.
There are many sources of light. The most common
light sources are thermal: a body at a
given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum
ofblack-body radiation. A simple thermal source
is sunlight, the radiation emitted by
the chromosphere of the Sun at around
6,000 Kelvin peaks in the visible region of the
electromagnetic spectrum when plotted in wavelength
units.



Another example is incandescent light bulbs, which emit
only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the
remainder as infrared. A common thermal light source
in history is the glowing solid particles 3in flames, but
these also emit most of their radiation in the infrared,
and only a fraction in the visible spectrum.



Energy.
Energy is the capacity of a system to do work. That
system may be a jet, carrying hundreds of passengers
across the ocean. A babys body, growing bone cells. A
kite, rising on the wind. Or a wave of light crossing a
space.
In moving or growing, each of these systems is doing
work, and using energy. Every living organism does
work, and needs energy from food or photosynthesis.
Humans also create machines that do work for them,
and that derive energy from fuels.

One form of energy can be converted to another form.
This transfer is based on the law of conservation of
energyone of the laws of thermodynamics.
Humans converted energy from one form to another
when they lit the first fire. By burning wood, they
released the chemical energy stored in the bonds of the
wood molecules, generating thermal energy, or heat. A
battery generates electrons from chemical reactions,
which are used to make electrical energy. A toaster
takes electrical energy and converts it to heat. Your leg
converts the chemical energy stored in your muscles
into kinetic energy when you pedal a bicycle.
According to massenergy equivalence, all forms of
energy (not just rest energy) exhibit mass. For example,
adding 25 kilowatt-hours (90 megajoules) of energy to
an object in the form of heat (or any other form)
increases its mass by 1 microgram; if you had a enough


mass balance or scale, this mass increase could be
measured. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential
energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not
decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the
same total energy even if in different forms), but its
mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its
surroundings, largely as radiant energy.














Reference Sources.
https://documentation.apple.com
/en/soundtrackpro/usermanual/i
ndex.html#chapter=B%26section=
1%26tasks=true
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light
#Speed_of_light
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ener
gy

http://www.api.org/oil-and-
natural-gas-overview/classroom-
tools/classroom-curricula/what-
is-energy

http://www.physicsclassroom.com
/class/sound