Recommendation

Background
We measured combustion gas temperatures and composition at several firing rates in order to establish
an accurate model for boiler operation. With the combustion gas analysis, we used the ASME indirect
method to calculate combustion efficiency for your boiler(s) at each firing rate. We then used the
operating hours that plant personnel provided to calculate annual fuel use for your boiler(s). We verified
the information that we measured, obtained from plant personnel, or assumed through boiler records or
logs to the extent possible. Finally, we compared the calculated boiler fuel use with your fuel bills to
verify the model is consistent with your operation.
Ideally, a boiler would use just enough combustion air to burn all of the fuel, with no excess air. Excess
air carries heat up the stack and reduces boiler efficiency. However, all burners require some excess air
to ensure complete combustion. We assume that you can operate your boiler with 4.0% excess oxygen
(O
2
). Depending on the boiler and control strategy it could be possible to reduce excess oxygen below
4.0% for additional savings, although care must be taken to ensure combustibles (unburned fuel) and
carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations do not rise to unacceptable levels.
* 1 MMBtu = 1,000,000 Btu, 1 therm = 100,000 Btu
(MMBtu)* (therm)* Savings Cost (Years)
Efficiency can also be improved by cleaning scale from the waterside heat transfer surfaces. Scale
deposits occur when calcium, magnesium, and silica, form a layer of material on the boiler heat
exchanger surfaces. By removing the scale, heat transfer will improve, lowering stack temperatures.
235.6 2,356.2
Implement a boiler tuning program to maintain an optimum air-fuel ratio, improving combustion
efficiency and lowering fuel use. Tuning your boiler(s) will reduce associated fuel consumption by
3.2%.
$2,534 $1,000
AR No. #
Boiler Tune
0.4
Assessment Recommendation Summary
Implementation Payback Energy Energy Cost
Proposal
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/anguskirk/
We recommend you have a boiler specialist tune your boiler to 4.0% exhaust O2 and clean your boiler
water side heat exchanger surfaces to increase combustion efficiency . We suggest this be done
immediately and then once every year after. We estimate a boiler tune will cost $500 per boiler. Annual
savings after deducting the annual cost to tune your boiler will be $2,534, paying for the initial
implementation cost of the first tuning in 0.4 years.
Energy Savings Summary Equations
Total Current Energy Use (CE) 7,269.0 MMBtu (Rf. 1) Eq. 1) Annual Energy Savings (ES )
Total Proposed Energy Use (PE) 7,033.4 MMBtu (Rf. 1)
Energy Savings (ES) 235.6 MMBtu (Eq. 1)
Eq. 2) Cost Savings (CS )
Implementation Cost Summary
Labor Costs
Number of Boilers to Tune (B) 2 Eq. 3) Implementation Costs (IC)
Labor Cost per Boiler (L) $500 (N. 1)
Economic Results
Cost Savings (CS) $2,534 (Eq. 2) References
Implementation Costs (IC) $1,000 (Eq. 3)
Payback (PB) 0.4 years
Notes
Boiler Tune
Rf. 1) Savings were calculated using the
Boiler Worksheet found on the following
pages.
N. 1) The boiler should be tuned immediately, and then once every year to maintain
optimum efficiency.
PE CE
L B EC ES
L B






Percent
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby Savings
Boiler 1 71.4% 68.0% 60.8% 18.1% 73.3% 70.0% 62.7% 21.5% 2.9%
Boiler 2 78.3% - - - 81.1% - - - 3.4%
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
Total 3.2%
Total
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby Savings
Units (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu) (MMBtu)
Boiler 1 1,000.0 750.0 500.0 19.0 974.7 728.2 484.8 16.0 65.3
Boiler 2 5,000.0 - - - 4,829.7 - - - 170.3
- - - - - - - - 0.0
- - - - - - - - 0.0
- - - - - - - - 0.0
- - - - - - - - 0.0
- - - - - - - - 0.0
- - - - - - - - 0.0
Total 235.6
Total
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby Savings
Boiler 1 $15,000 $11,250 $7,500 $285 $14,621 $10,923 $7,272 $239 $980
Boiler 2 $75,000 - - - $72,446 - - - $2,554
- - - - - - - - $0
- - - - - - - - $0
- - - - - - - - $0
- - - - - - - - $0
- - - - - - - - $0
- - - - - - - - $0
Total $3,534 $109,035 $105,501
Current Proposed
Cost Savings Summary
Current Proposed
7,269.0 7,033.4
Energy Savings Summary
Boiler Tune
Efficiency Summary
Current Proposed
3,100 hours
5.10 minutes 1 MMBtu/hr
30 seconds 20%
80
o
F 50
o
F
75% 14.7 psia
0.01 lbv/lb air 0 feet
10 psi 6 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
$15.00 /MMBtu
81.80% C 0.00% S
18.20% H 0.00% N
2
0.00% O
2
0.00%
0.00% 21,670 btu/lbm
44.0 g/mol 4.00% O
2
5.00% O
2
806.9 4.84 minutes
5.10 minutes 0.25 minutes
Steam System Volume
Operating Hours
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Steam Gas Constant
Pressure Range
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy
Propane Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Fuel Type
Boiler Information
Enviromental Data
Steam System
Boiler Cycling
Current Steam Properties
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy
Current Steam Temperature
Proposed Steam Properties
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Off Cycle
Run Cycle
Total Cycle
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Boiler Tune
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Location Boiler 1
On-Off
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate Purge Cycle Time
Elevation
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
DPVh
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 75% 50% 19% 100% 75% 50% 19%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.19 0.97 0.73 0.48 0.16
Operating Hours 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 1,000 1,000 1,000 100
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 1,000.0 750.0 500.0 19.0 974.7 728.2 484.8 16.0
Stack Conditions
O
2
10.0% 9.0% 8.0% 7.0% 4.0% 4.0% 5.0% 5.0%
CO
2
8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 6.0% 11.2% 11.2% 10.5% 10.5%
CO 8 ppm 8 ppm 8 ppm 9 ppm 8 ppm 8 ppm 8 ppm 9 ppm
Stack Temperature 350.0 F 325.0 F 300.0 F 300.0 F 350.0 F 325.0 F 300.0 F 300.0 F
Net Stack Temperature 270.0 F 245.0 F 220.0 F 220.0 F 270.0 F 245.0 F 220.0 F 220.0 F
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) 0.7691 0.5768 0.3846 0.1461 0.7497 0.5600 0.3729 0.1228
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) 15.9230 11.5515 7.4589 2.7487 12.9457 9.6714 6.6186 2.1796
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses 7.13% 6.85% 6.54% 8.09% 5.47% 4.96% 4.72% 4.72%
Moisture Formation 8.77% 8.69% 8.60% 8.60% 8.77% 8.69% 8.60% 8.60%
Moisture in Fuel 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Carbon Monoxide 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Losses Due to Ash 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Moisture in the Air 1.12% 1.07% 1.03% 0.99% 0.93% 0.92% 0.94% 0.94%
Combustion Efficiency 82.98% 83.39% 83.83% 82.31% 84.83% 85.43% 85.73% 85.73%
Thermal Losses 11.53% 15.38% 23.07% 60.71% 11.53% 15.38% 23.07% 60.71%
Cycling Losses - - - 3.49% - - - 3.48%
Boiler Efficiency 71.4% 68.0% 60.8% 18.1% 73.3% 70.0% 62.7% 21.5%
Notes
Boiler Efficiency
Boiler Tune
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Current Proposed
1,000 hours
0.97 minutes 5 MMBtu/hr
30 seconds 20%
80
o
F 50
o
F
75% 14.7 psia
0.01 lbv/lb air 0 feet
10 psi 30 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
$15.00 /MMBtu
81.80% C 0.00% S
18.20% H 0.00% N
2
0.00% O
2
0.00%
0.00% 21,670 btu/lbm
44.0 g/mol 4.00% O
2
5.00% O
2
4,034.6 0.48 minutes
0.97 minutes 0.48 minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location Boiler 2
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Full Modulating Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Propane Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) 5.00 - - - 4.83 - - -
Operating Hours 1,000 0 0 0 1,000 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 5,000.0 - - - 4,829.7 - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
10.0% - - - 4.0% - - -
CO
2
7.5% - - - 11.2% - - -
CO 5 ppm - - - 5 ppm - - -
Stack Temperature 350.0 F - - - 350.0 F - - -
Net Stack Temperature 270.0 F - - - 270.0 F - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) 3.8456 - - - 3.7146 - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) 79.6152 - - - 64.1469 - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses 8.04% - - - 5.47% - - -
Moisture Formation 8.77% - - - 8.77% - - -
Moisture in Fuel 0.00% - - - 0.00% - - -
Carbon Monoxide 0.00% - - - 0.00% - - -
Losses Due to Ash 0.00% - - - 0.00% - - -
Moisture in the Air 1.12% - - - 0.93% - - -
Combustion Efficiency 82.07% - - - 84.83% - - -
Thermal Losses 3.73% - - - 3.73% - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency 78.3% - - - 81.1% - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
30 seconds 20%
80
o
F 50
o
F
75% 14.7 psia
0.01 lbv/lb air 0 feet
10 psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure 100 psig 338
o
F
3.89 ft
3
/lb 309.0 btu/lbm
880.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
seconds
o
F
o
F
14.7 psia
lbv/lb air feet
psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
seconds
o
F
o
F
14.7 psia
lbv/lb air feet
psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
seconds
o
F
o
F
14.7 psia
lbv/lb air feet
psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
seconds
o
F
o
F
14.7 psia
lbv/lb air feet
psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
0 hours
#DIV/0! minutes MMBtu/hr
seconds
o
F
o
F
14.7 psia
lbv/lb air feet
psi 0 ft
3
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
Current Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
Proposed Steam Pressure psig 212
o
F
26.8 ft
3
/lb 180.0 btu/lbm
970.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm
/MMBtu
#N/A C #N/A S
#N/A H #N/A N
2
#N/A O
2
#N/A
#N/A #N/A btu/lbm
#N/A g/mol #N/A O
2
#N/A O
2
0.0 #DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes
Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Location
Air Humidity Ratio Elevation
Control Type Operating Hours
Standby Cycle Time Maximum Firing Rate
Purge Cycle Time Minimum Firing Rate
Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Inlet Water Temperature
Purge Air Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
Proposed Steam Properties
Steam System
Pressure Range Steam System Volume
Steam Gas Constant
Current Steam Properties
Current Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Percent Hydrogen Percent Nitrogen
Proposed Steam Temperature
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Evaporated Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Fuel Cost
Percent Carbon Percent Sulfur
Percent Oxygen Percent Ash
Moisture Content Higher Heating Value
Molecular Weight High/Medium Fire Proposed O
2
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O
2
Boiler Cycling
DPVh Run Cycle
Off Cycle Total Cycle
High Medium Low Standby High Medium Low Standby
Energy Use
Percent Capacity 100% 70% 40% 10% 100% 70% 40% 10%
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) - - - - - - - -
Operating Hours 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) - - - - - - - -
Stack Conditions
O
2
- - - - - - - -
CO
2
- - - - - - - -
CO - - - - - - - -
Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Net Stack Temperature - - - - - - - -
Mass Flow Rates
Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min) - - - - - - - -
Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses - - - - - - - -
Moisture Formation - - - - - - - -
Moisture in Fuel - - - - - - - -
Carbon Monoxide - - - - - - - -
Losses Due to Ash - - - - - - - -
Moisture in the Air - - - - - - - -
Combustion Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Thermal Losses - - - - - - - -
Cycling Losses - - - - - - - -
Boiler Efficiency - - - - - - - -
Notes
We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect
method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed
information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.
Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current Proposed
Fuel Type
Units (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Coal 94.65% 0.03% 5.27% 0.03% 0.06% 0.00%
Natural Gas 71.01% 0.00% 23.66% 3.82% 1.15% 0.00%
Fuel Oil 2 86.03% 2.00% 12.42% 0.10% 0.00% 0.10%
Fuel Oil 6 87.40% 1.40% 9.99% 0.92% 0.28% 0.00%
Propane 81.80% 0.00% 18.20% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Bio-Diesel 86.03% 2.00% 12.42% 0.10% 0.00% 0.10%
Wood 52.30% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 40.50% 0.80%
Wood Species
Units (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Douglas Fir Wood 52.30% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 40.50% 0.80%
Douglas Fir Bark 56.20% 0.00% 6.20% 0.10% 37.30% 0.20%
Western Hemlock Wood 50.40% 0.00% 5.80% 0.10% 41.40% 2.20%
Western Hemlock Bark 53.00% 0.00% 6.20% 0.10% 39.30% 1.50%
Lodgepole Pine 52.90% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 39.70% 1.00%
Lodgepole Pine Bark 55.00% 0.00% 5.80% 0.10% 38.60% 0.80%
Ponderosa Pine 52.90% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 39.70% 1.00%
Ponderosa Pine Bark 53.10% 0.00% 5.90% 0.20% 37.90% 2.90%
Redwood 53.50% 0.00% 5.90% 0.10% 40.30% 0.20%
Redwood Bark 51.90% 0.00% 5.10% 0.10% 42.40% 0.50%
Western Red Cedar 52.90% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 39.70% 1.00%
Western Red Cedar Bark 53.10% 0.00% 5.90% 0.20% 37.90% 2.90%
Port Orford Cedar 52.90% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 39.70% 1.00%
Port Orford Cedar Bark 53.10% 0.00% 5.90% 0.20% 37.90% 2.90%
Red Alder 50.80% 0.00% 6.40% 0.40% 41.80% 0.60%
Red Alder Bark 51.20% 0.00% 6.00% 0.40% 37.90% 4.50%
Oregon Ash 50.80% 0.00% 6.40% 0.40% 41.80% 0.60%
Oregon Ash Bark 51.20% 0.00% 6.00% 0.40% 37.90% 4.50%
Bigleaf Maple 50.80% 0.00% 6.40% 0.40% 41.80% 0.60%
Bigleaf Maple Bark 51.20% 0.00% 6.00% 0.40% 37.90% 4.50%
Oregon White Oak 50.80% 0.00% 6.40% 0.40% 41.80% 0.60%
Oregon White Oak Bark 51.20% 0.00% 6.00% 0.40% 37.90% 4.50%
Generic Softwood 52.90% 0.00% 6.30% 0.10% 39.70% 1.00%
Generic Softwood Bark 53.10% 0.00% 5.90% 0.20% 37.90% 2.90%
Generic Hardwood 50.80% 0.00% 6.40% 0.40% 41.80% 0.60%
Generic Hardwood Bark 51.20% 0.00% 6.00% 0.40% 37.90% 4.50%
Generic Wood 37.50% 0.00% 7.18% 0.01% 53.20% 0.00%
Actual Wood Moisture Content (Wet Basis) Douglas Fir Wood
Wood Properties Summary
C S H N
2
O
2
Ash
Ash
Wood
Fuel Properties Summary
C S H N
2
O
2
Taken from: Research Bulletin 60, OSU Forest Research Lab, 9/87.
Molecular
Weight High Low
(%) (Btu/lb) (%) (%)
0.00% 14,203 483.4 4.5% 5.5%
0.00% 21,869 16.7 4.0% 5.0%
0.50% 18,800 208.0 4.0% 5.0%
0.00% 18,300 338.0 4.0% 5.0%
0.00% 21,670 44.0 4.0% 5.0%
0.50% 18,800 208.0 4.0% 5.0%
33.00% 8,600 26.0 8.0% 8.5%
50.0%
Percent
Combustible
(%) (Btu/lb) (%)
33.00% 8,600
33.00% 10,000
44.00% 8,500
41.00% 9,400 1.40%
36.00% 8,600 0.18%
50.00% 10,000
52.00% 9,100
23.00% 9,500 3.75%
55.00% 9,000
12.00% 8,350
33.00% 9,000
32.00% 8,850
30.00% 9,000
25.00% 9,000
50.00% 8,000 2.01%
45.00% 8,600 0.51%
32.00% 8,200
32.00% 8,200
38.00% 8,250
38.00% 8,300
41.00% 8,110
41.00% 8,110
50.00% 9,000
40.00% 9,100
50.00% 9,000 1.08%
40.00% 9,100
50.00% 9,450
Actual Wood Moisture Content (Wet Basis)
MC HHV
Wood Properties Summary
MC
Fuel Properties Summary
Proposed O
2
HHV
Taken from: Research Bulletin 60, OSU Forest Research Lab, 9/87.
Saturated Liquid Evaporated Saturated Vapor
(psig) (
o
F) (ft
3
/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (psig)
25 (vacuum) 134 142 102 1,017 1,119 0
20 (vacuum) 162 73.9 129 1,001 1,130
15 (vacuum) 179 51.3 147 990 1,137
10 (vacuum) 192 39.4 160 982 1,142
5 (vacuum) 203 31.8 171 976 1,147
0 212 26.8 180 970 1,150
1 215 25.2 183 968 1,151
2 219 23.5 187 966 1,153
3 222 22.3 190 964 1,154
4 224 21.4 192 962 1,154
5 227 20.1 195 960 1,155
6 230 19.4 198 959 1,157
7 232 18.7 200 957 1,157
8 233 18.4 201 956 1,157
9 237 17.1 205 954 1,159
10 239 16.5 207 953 1,160
12 244 15.3 212 949 1,161
14 248 14.3 216 947 1,163
16 252 13.4 220 944 1,164
18 256 12.6 224 941 1,165
20 259 11.9 227 939 1,166
22 262 11.3 230 937 1,167
24 265 10.8 233 934 1,167
26 268 10.3 236 933 1,169
28 271 9.85 239 930 1,169
30 274 9.46 243 929 1,172
32 277 9.1 246 927 1,173
34 279 8.75 248 925 1,173
36 282 8.42 251 923 1,174
38 284 8.08 253 922 1,175
40 286 7.82 256 920 1,176
42 289 7.57 258 918 1,176
44 291 7.31 260 917 1,177
46 293 7.14 262 915 1,177
48 295 6.94 264 914 1,178
50 298 6.68 267 912 1,179
55 300 6.27 271 909 1,180
60 307 5.84 277 906 1,183
65 312 5.49 282 901 1,183
70 316 5.18 286 898 1,184
75 320 4.91 290 895 1,185
80 324 4.67 294 891 1,185
85 328 4.44 298 889 1,187
Properties of Steam
Enthalpy Specific Volume
Saturated Vapor
Temperature
Gauge
Pressure
Linear Interpolation Formulas
Gauge
Pressure
90 331 4.24 302 886 1,188
95 335 4.05 305 883 1,188
100 338 3.89 309 880 1,189
105 341 3.74 312 878 1,190
110 344 3.59 316 875 1,191
115 347 3.46 319 873 1,192
120 350 3.34 322 871 1,193
125 353 3.23 325 868 1,193
130 356 3.12 328 866 1,194
135 358 3.02 330 864 1,194
140 361 2.92 333 861 1,194
145 363 2.84 336 859 1,195
150 366 2.74 339 857 1,196
155 368 2.68 341 855 1,196
160 371 2.6 344 853 1,197
165 373 2.54 346 851 1,197
170 375 2.47 348 849 1,197
175 377 2.41 351 847 1,198
180 380 2.31 353 845 1,198
185 382 2.29 355 843 1,198
190 384 2.24 358 841 1,199
195 386 2.19 360 839 1,199
200 388 2.14 362 837 1,199
205 390 2.09 364 836 1,200
210 392 2.05 366 834 1,200
215 394 2 368 832 1,200
220 396 1.96 370 830 1,200
225 397 1.92 372 828 1,200
230 399 1.89 374 827 1,201
235 401 1.85 376 825 1,201
240 403 1.81 378 823 1,201
245 404 1.78 380 822 1,202
250 406 1.75 382 820 1,202
255 408 1.72 383 819 1,202
260 409 1.69 385 817 1,202
265 411 1.66 387 815 1,202
270 413 1.63 389 814 1,203
275 414 1.6 391 812 1,203
280 416 1.57 392 811 1,203
285 417 1.55 394 809 1,203
290 418 1.53 395 808 1,203
295 420 1.49 397 806 1,203
300 421 1.47 398 805 1,203
305 423 1.45 400 803 1,203
310 425 1.43 402 802 1,204
315 426 1.41 404 800 1,204
320 427 1.38 405 799 1,204
325 429 1.36 407 797 1,204
330 430 1.34 408 796 1,204
335 432 1.33 410 794 1,204
340 433 1.31 411 793 1,204
345 434 1.29 413 791 1,204
350 435 1.28 414 790 1,204
355 437 1.26 416 789 1,205
360 438 1.24 417 788 1,205
365 440 1.22 419 786 1,205
370 441 1.2 420 785 1,205
375 442 1.19 421 784 1,205
380 443 1.18 422 783 1,205
385 445 1.16 424 781 1,205
390 446 1.14 425 780 1,205
395 447 1.13 427 778 1,205
400 448 1.12 428 777 1,205
450 460 1 439 766 1,205
500 470 0.89 453 751 1,204
550 479 0.82 464 740 1,204
600 489 0.74 475 728 1,203
650 497 0.69 483 719 1,202
700 505 0.64 491 710 1,201
750 513 0.6 504 696 1,200
800 520 0.56 512 686 1,198
900 534 0.49 529 666 1,195
1000 546 0.44 544 647 1,191
1250 574 0.34 580 600 1,180
1500 597 0.23 610 557 1,167
1750 618 0.22 642 509 1,151
2000 636 0.19 672 462 1,134
2250 654 0.16 701 413 1,114
2500 669 0.13 733 358 1,091
2750 683 0.11 764 295 1,059
3000 696 0.08 804 213 1,017
3206.2 705.4 - - - -
Saturated Liquid Evaporated Saturated Vapor
(
o
F) (ft
3
/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb)
212.0 26.8 180.0 970.0 1,150.0
Linear Interpolation Formulas
Temperature
Specific Volume
Saturated Vapor
Enthalpy