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reforms in order for the country’s energy sector to meet the demands of the
Producers to generate and sell electricity to the NPC and other customers.
enacted in May 1995 under the regime of President Fidel V. Ramos which
the early 1990s. These plants intended to supply the much-needed energy to
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Quezon Power Limited Co. is the first privately built, owned and
worth coal-fired power plant with a capacity of 440 megawatts located in the
foreshore land the said barangay which was once part of a mountain forest in
Under a 25-year power sales agreement, the said project will sell
represents a milestone, as it will be one of the first private sectors that will
QPL while Bechtel Power Corp will provide engineering, procurement, and
the power project. Ogden has over 1,463 megawatts of non-utility power
construction of the plant with the hope of the development promised by the
Mauban were different about the said power project. Moreover, they were not
Even before QPL was allowed to start the plant’s construction, several
the Crusade for Sustainable Environment (CSE) and the Task Force
actively campaigned against the construction of the plant. The said groups
actively campaigned against the construction of the plant because they knew
that coal is a dirty fuel and causes pollution to the environment particularly
the air. They also foresaw plant’s detrimental effects on the environment and
the people’s health. However, they did not succeeded in their move of
addressing their opposition to the said power facility. It was on April 11,
by QPL, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the local
benefits. It also requires the monitoring activities of the $ 800 million power
plant.
Team (MMT) that will oversee and check the plant for public health and
MMT is the first monitoring group formed for a power facility in the
the DENR.
monitoring the said facility. The Crusade for Sustainable Environment led by
the Quezon Power plant even past its construction and continued to decry
who have been monitoring the activities and violations of QPL since their
ECC was approved. Among the residents’ complaints which led to the
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cancellation of the company’s ECC were the wanton cutting of more than a
hundred coconut trees, intrusion of into farm lots and pollution, destruction of
roads and health hazards from the large volume of dust generated by more
CSE thought they finally succeeded in their motive to revoke the permit
of the said plant to construct and operate but on October 27, 1997; DENR
Secretary Victor Ramos issued an order lifting the CDO and Suspension of
the ECC after QPL submitted a solid waste management plan, a truck traffic
happened. She asked why DENR lifted the Suspension and CDO based only
implementation.
CSE maybe dismayed on DENR’s decision but it did not stop them to
monitor the construction of the said power facility. In the morning of Nov.
19, 1999, a freshly unloaded and uncovered coal stockpile was exposed to
heavy rains. This caused a coal leacheate run-off overflow that went into the
Lamon Bay when storm water flowed into the drainage ditch at the north
bypass road.
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At around 1:30 pm of the same day, the run-off basin also affected the
Cagsiay River as the heavy rains continued. The said coal leacheate caused
the discoloration of Cagsiay River and the Lamon Bay after conducting an
the closure and revocation of QPL’s ECC, The said company needs to take
The year 1999 will be used as the time context in this particular study.
All the facts, events, implications and laws cited in this study will be bounded
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IV. Analysis
A. Situational Analysis
Technological Implications
Even before the coal spill, the residents of Mauban, Quezon opposed
the construction and operation from of the said power plant. One the reason
why the residents opposed the said plant was the fear that the plant will emit
ink-black smoke that may pollute the air. Contrary to this, the plant was
cleanly. With such equipment, the power plant when operational will neither
(FGD) that neutralizes sulfur compounds and special burners that minimizes
nitrogen oxides.
Similar devices are now being used in coal-fired power plants in the
United States whose government and citizens are known to be very sensitive
to environmental issues.
On the other hand, on January of 1999 about 70,000 tons of steam coals
were unloaded at the power plants storage area in the preparation for the
The said coal came from Kalimantan, Indonesia and was used to test
coal supply.
delivery and unloading of the said coal will be environment friendly and safe.
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Daul added that the said coal has a very low sulfur content, when burned
QPL was efficient in ensuring that the company has the equipment
Hence, there is a need to upgrade the plant’s drainage system and wastewater
Environmental Implications
since it is low-priced and is widely available from many sources. The world
coal supply is enough to meet projected demands for the next 200 years or
more, unlike oil and other fuel, whose supply was expected to last only for
about 50 years.
Coal can help meet the country’s energy demand but the fact remain
that it is still the dirtiest, most carbon intensive of all fossil fuels, emitting 29
percent more carbon per unit of energy than oil and 80 percent more than gas.
When fossil fuels - coal, oil and gas - are burnt, it releases carbon dioxide
(CO2) - the main human- made 'greenhouse gas'. CO2 and other greenhouse
result, the global temperature is increasing, throwing the world's climate out
of toxins released by the burning of coal. Burning coal for energy produces
tremendous amounts of toxic wastes that, over time, destroy the communities
Communities living near existing coal plants are already experiencing the
effects of the said waste. Even if QPL was equipped with anti-pollution
devices, it is still expected by many environment groups that the plant will
the said power plant even before the plant started its operation. Community
and environmental groups raised other issues against the power plant, and
these are the following: discoloration of the river because of a leakage in the
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ash pond where the coal was stored; flooding because of undersized drainage
canal; death in livestock and skin diseases; violations of the ECC terms and
The complaints of the residents became even more evident as the firm
new coal stockpile got soaked during heavy rains and the leacheate seeped
into Lamon Bay and Cagsiay River causing discoloration. DENR said that
while the coal leacheate is not basically pollutive, it has affected the water’s
turbidity. Turbidity refers to the clarity of water; the greater the turbidity, the
In fairness with QPL, the company has not only acquired anti-pollution
the vegetative cover within the plant site and adjacent mangrove areas. It
Legal Implications
megawatts (MW). The examples of thermal power plants are coal, fuel oil,
Moreover, the DENR also declares that its policy aims to attain and
enhancement of the quality of the environment, not only for the present
community, the ECC process required by the DENR have provisions that aim
while at the same time minimizing the costs both for the community and the
particular policy are: (1) to recognize and provide recompense for the
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of rights among host local government units, the people affected, the energy
The policy framework included provisions for benefits for the host
the part of QPL, it claims to have complied with all the requirements
stipulated in the guidelines of the DENR-EMB AND the DOE. The company
year to pay for claims on damages for loss of life, serious damage to property
and the environment, and for pecuniary loss or damage suffered by a person
Likewise, QPL also set up a Multicultural Monitoring Fund to pay for the
the EGF Committee. It was reported that QPL spent a total of Php 6 million
on the activities of the MMT and the EGF Committee since 1997. The MMT
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Natural Resources Officer (PENRO) while the committee for the EGF has 9
ensure that their proposed project or undertaking project will not cause
to fines.
decease order from the DENR and suspension of their ECC. If not properly
just like what happened in 1997 wherein House Resolution number 1409 was
Socio-Economic Implications
benefit for their host community. QPL promised to do their part for the
the same year, the Cagsiay I Multi- purpose cooperative registered with the
where the skills of the members of the cooperative were developed as the
funds of the group grow. The cooperative offers training, seminars and
Php800, 000 worth of contract with QPL project manager Richard Collins for
Mauban, Quezon depends on farming and fishing for their livelihood. With
the construction of the said power plant, a large agricultural land was turned
into industrial to make up for construction of the said facility. Moreover, the
coal spill that happened near the power plant had affected the marine
environment near the place thus affecting the livelihood of the Maubanians
fishermen. Even if the coal spill is not pollutive, consumers are still afraid to
buy fishes and other sea foods coming from the affected bodies of water. The
livelihood programs of the said power plant are not enough as many residents
plant was built, he had experienced pulling up his crab-nets and finding all
his crabs black and strange looking. Furthermore, he stated that the villagers
go to the coast to sweep the carbon off the beach whenever coal spills out
from their stockyard. In addition, some residents gave the carbon back to the
coal plant while others had to bury them under the sand. Manuba expressed
how sad he was when he noticed the water getting darker and how the black
water was overflowing from the plant site. Manuba’s statement represents the
programs. The residents can’t forget the previous ECC violations of the
company. As the coal spill happen, the number of residents opposing the
plant’s full operation also outgrew. A study conducted to measure the social
showed that residents living the project’s site strongly favor the completion
construction. Hence, there is a need for the company to reach out to other
barangays as well.
They even wonder why the government allowed the construction and
operation of the said facility amidst the fact that it is detrimental to the
environment and to their health as well. They felt that QPL is insincere with
B. SWOT Analysis
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Strengths Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
The occurrence of the coal spill could be a reason for the government to
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stop the continual construction of the Quezon Power Limited Co. and since
that time, a huge amount of money had already been spent for the plant, it
would be a big loss for the owners of the said power facility. However, if this
groups as well.
possible closure of the Quezon Power Limited Co. Specifically, we aspire to:
continuous operation.
communications plan since they were the ones who were affected by the
Environment, and the Task Force Kalikasan – Mauban and other environment
MERALCO.
Quezon for the occurrence of the coal spill through the local media. The
groups, local government and its client- MERALCO that the company is
The company should bribe the local government officials and DENR
officials assigned to monitor the power project in order for them to ignore the
environmental groups and continue the construction of the power plant. The
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complainants will just eventually set aside the issue and get tired of
complaining.
IX. Recommendations
We believe that Alternative Courses of Action no.1 will yield the best
Quezon and environment groups. The said primary publics may perceive
In this study, we divided our plan into short-term and long-term courses
of actions in the basis of our priorities. The short-term action plan refers to
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the actions that the company will undertake immediately to solve the
problem. On the other hand, the long-term action plan includes the set of
actions that the company will undertake in order to achieve its objectives.
Actions within the next hour after the coal spill: FORMATION OF AN
INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE
head Litz Santana will be formed to investigate the incident and decide on
Aside from its own investigating committee, the company will also
immediately in front of the project site. The said committee will provide a
report and suggestions to the company about the actions they must do to
immediately solve the problem brought by the coal spill. Moreover, they will
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also suggest specific actions that QPL must do to prevent the occurrence of
another coal spill. They will also aid in the actual clean-up operation.
operation. The first action that the company will do is to give an official
statement regarding the coal spill through a press release to the local
newspapers and local radio stations. The press release will include the ff:
had happened.
problem.
community.
With the help of the environmental firm, QPL will immediately start
the clean-up operation of the coal spill at Lamon Bay and the Cagsiay River.
The company will also cover the newly delivered coal stock in order to
prevent the coal leacheate from escaping from the exiting stockpile.
Environment and Natural Resources and comply with the directives of the
said regulating body through the Multipartite Monitoring Team. QPL will
also give periodic reports to the project’s MMT about the mitigating activities
QPL will ensure MERALCO, the power facility’s client that the
company is doing necessary actions to solve the problem and comply with
QPL will also conduct a dialogue with the local government officials
regret on what had happened and assure them that the company is taking
Through this dialogue, QPL will explain the caused of the coal spill.. QPL
General Manager Gregory W. Daul will state that the company had started
the process of covering the newly delivered coal stock and had instituted
other mitigating measures that had been proven effective in preventing coal
This dialogue will also give opportunity to the said participants to ask
questions regarding the coal spill and other environmental issues of the said
plant.
QPL will invite the said participants to the power plant to show their
anti-pollution equipment. This aims to eradicate the fear that the company
Certificate (ECC), which was issued in 1996. This program will help the
To ensure that the coal spill won’t happen again, QPL will monitor the
treatment facility that will avoid coal seepage in case of heavy rains.
over 100,000 indigenous trees and plants along the plant site.
largely geared towards freeing the people of Mauban, Quezon from the
dependency, and illiteracy in the said town. Through feeding program, QPL
regular medical and dental missions through free clinics at the plant site and
community visits.
infrastructure.
aims to enhance the training skills of public elementary school teachers in the
field of Math, Science, and English will be implemented. Also, QPL will
provide training programs to farmers and small entrepreneurs. They will also
Mauban, Quezon
PROGRAM
that aim to highlight the company’s role in the development of Mauban. The
will earn acceptance from the residents of Mauban and the environment
groups.