5/29/2014 Cylinder (geometry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Cylinder (geometry)
A right circular cylinder with
radius rand height h.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A cylinder (from Greek
kulindros, "roller, tumbler"
[1]
) is one of
the most basic curvilinear geometric
shapes, the surface formed by the points
at a fixed distance from a given line
segment, theaxis of the cylinder. The
solid enclosed by this surface and by two
planes perpendicular to the axis is also
called a cylinder. The surface area and
the volumeof a cylinder have been
known since deep antiquity.
In differential geometry, a cylinder is
defined more broadly as any ruled
surfacespanned by a one-parameter
family of parallel lines. A cylinder
whose cross section is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic
cylinder,parabolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.
The open cylinder is topologically equivalent to both the open annulus and
thepunctured plane.
Contents [hide]
1 Common use
2 Volume
3 Surface area
4 Cylindric section
5 Other types of cylinders
6 About an arbitrary axis
7 Projective geometry
8 Related polyhedra
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Common use [edit]
In common use a cylinder is taken to mean a finite section of a right circular
cylinder, i.e., the cylinder with the generating lines perpendicular to the bases,
with its ends closed to form two circular surfaces, as in the figure (right). If the
cylinder has a radius r and length (height) h, then its volume is given by
V = r
2
h
and its surface area is:
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the area of the top (r
2
) +
the area of the bottom (r
2
) +
the area of the side (2rh).
Therefore without the top or bottom (lateral area), the surface area is:
A = 2rh.
With the top and bottom, the surface area is:
A = 2r
2
+ 2rh = 2r(r + h) = d(r + h),
where d is the diameter.
For a given volume, the cylinder with the smallest surface area has h = 2r. For a
given surface area, the cylinder with the largest volume has h = 2r, i.e. the
cylinder fits snugly in a cube (height = diameter).
Volume [edit]
Having a right circular cylinder with a height h units and a base of radius r units
with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is at the center of one base
and the height is measured along the positive x-axis. A plane section at a
distance of xunits from the origin has an area of A(x) square units where
or
An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area Aw
i
square units and a
thickness of
i
x units. Thus if V cubic units is the volume of the right circular
cylinder, by Riemann sums,
Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by integration over
Surface area [edit]
The formula for finding the surface area of a cylinder is, with h as height, r as
radius, and S as surface area is Or, with B as base area
and L as lateral area,
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5/29/2014 Cylinder (geometry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry) 3/6
Tycho Brahe Planetarium building,
its roof being an example of a cylindric
section
Cylindric section.
An elliptic cylinder with the half-
axesa and b for the surface ellipse and
the height h.
Cylindric section [edit]
Cylindric sections
are the
intersections of
cylinders with
planes. For a
right circular
cylinder, there
are four
possibilities. A
plane tangent to the cylinder, meets the cylinder in a single straight line. Moved
while parallel to itself, the plane either does not intersect the cylinder or
intersects it in two parallel lines. All other planes intersect the cylinder in an
ellipse or, when they are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, in a circle.
[2]
Eccentricity e of the cylindric section and semi-major axis aof the cylindric section
depend on the radius of the cylinder r and the angle between the secant plane
and cylinder axis in the following way:
Other types of cylinders [edit]
An elliptic cylinder is a quadric surface,
with the following equation in Cartesian
coordinates:
This equation is for an elliptic cylinder,
a generalization of the ordinary, circular
cylinder (a = b). Elliptic cylinders are
also known as cylindroids, but that
name is ambiguous, as it can also refer
to thePlcker conoid. The volume of an
elliptic cylinder with height h is
. Even more
general than the elliptic cylinder is the generalized cylinder: the cross-
sectioncan be any curve.
The cylinder is a degenerate quadric because at least one of the coordinates (in
this case z) does not appear in the equation.
An oblique cylinder has the top and bottom surfaces displaced from one
another.
There are other more unusual types of cylinders. These are the imaginary elliptic
Edit links
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cylinders:
the hyperbolic cylinder:
and the parabolic cylinder:
About an arbitrary axis [edit]
Consider an infinite cylinder whose axis lies along the vector
We make use of spherical coordinates:
These variables can be used to define A and B, the orthogonal vectors that form
the basis for the cylinder:
With these defined, we may use the familiar formula for a cylinder:
where R is the radius of the cylinder. These results are usually derived
usingrotation matrices.
Projective geometry [edit]
In projective geometry, a cylinder is simply a cone whose apex is at infinity.
This is useful in the definition ofdegenerate conics, which require considering
the cylindrical conics.
Related polyhedra [edit]
A cylinder can be seen as a polyhedrallimiting case of an n-
gonal prism where napproaches infinity. It can also be seen as a dual of
a bicone as an infinite-sidedbipyramid.
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In projective geometry, a cylinder is
simply a cone whose apex is at infinity,
which corresponds visually to a cylinder
in perspective appearing to be a cone
towards the sky.
Family of uniform prisms
Symmetry 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
[2n,2]
[n,2]
[2n,2
+
]
Image
As spherical polyhedra
Image
See also [edit]
Cylindrical coordinate system
Steinmetz solid, the intersection of two or three perpendicular cylinders
References [edit]
1. ^ , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on
Perseus
2. ^ "MathWorld: Cylindric section" .
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Look up cylinder in
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External links [edit]
Surface area of a cylinder at
MATHguide
Volume of a cylinder at MATHguide
Categories: Quadrics Elementary shapes Euclidean solid geometry
Surfaces