Viral Replication

Determines host range/tropism i.

Very specific ii.
0-4C 1)
Ionic interactions 2)
No energy needed iii.
VAP of virion recog Rs on host cells a.
Adsorption/Attachment I.
@ plasma mem i.
Need energy for mem conformational change ii.
Tm-dep iii.
pH-independent a.
Taken up via endocytic pathways i.
Reduced pH is needed ii.
pH-dependent b.
Actin cytoskeleton is used to move V from endocytic pathway to other parts of the cell 1)
Clathrin-dep i.
Macropinocytosis ii.
Calveolar iii.
Clathrin & Caveolin Indep iv.
Phagocytosis v.
Endocytosis Pathways c.
Penetration II.
Sep genome/internal nucleocapsid from outer strct of virion a.
No capsid=No infectivity i.
Naked viruses are taken up via endocytosis into endosome and its capsid is degraded there b.
No envelop=No infectivity i.
Fusion mech: mem bending through HAIRPIN formation ii.
Envelop of the env viruses fuse with endosome mem c.
Doesn't mean it won't be infectious, it's just hiding i.
The loss of infectivity="Eclipse period" d.
Uncoating III.
Prot found in VIRION particles
Structural proteins a.
Prot prod in infected cell but not in virion i.
Nontructural proteins b.
Synthesis IV.
If enveloped, wrap nucleocapsid in envelope i.
Virions formed=pack genome in capsid a.
Naked virus accum in cell-->released when cell dies b.
Matrix line up under viral glycoprotein i.
Ionic interaction b/w matrix & capsid pulls matrix around capsid 1)
Closing both ends 2)
Nucleocapsid recog matrix & form cxn ii.
Budding occurs at plasma mem/golgi/ER, nuclear mem iii.
Specific to each virus iv.
Env virus acquire env by BUDDING through cell mem c.
Assembly V.
As it buds, virions get released a.
Release VI.
Chlamydia vs. Virus
Both are obligate intracellular parasite -
Chlamydia (bacteria) has BOTH DNA & RNA -
Viruses have DNA OR RNA -
Biphasic intracellular growth cycle -
Infectious
Metabolically inert
Extracellular form
EB (elementary body) -
Metabolically active
With conventional bacteria-like properties
RB (reticulate body) -
Chlamydia
DNA Polymerase (enz that makes polymers
from DNA)
a.
aka. Replicase b.
DNA Syn/Replication 1.
RNA Polymerase a.
aka. Transcriptase b.
RNA Syn/Transcription 2.
Ribosome, tRNA, Protein factors a.
Protein Syn/Translation 3.
Types of Infection
Temporary, virus cleared (genome cleared) a.
Transient 1.
Chronic=infection continuously present i.
Latent=virus genome present in cells but not
virions (not infectious)
ii.
Recurrent=latent infection reactivates & gives
infectious virus before becoming latent again
iii.
Virus not cleared; imm resp may still be fully
active
a.
Persistent 2.
Chronic persistent infection with prolonged
incubation period (mo to yr); Sx progressively
worsen to death
a.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis -
ie. SSPE (Slow infection of measles)
Slow virus 3.
Immune Response of Host
Neutralize virus ability to infect i.
Block R binding (NEUTRALIZING Ab) a.
Prevent uncoating b.
Remove coated (Ab coated) virus i.
Phagocytosis c.
May need complement to neutralize some viruses d.
Virus-specific Ab 1.
Kill infected cell when recog Ag on MHC-1 a.
Virus-specific T 2.
Fever
Myalgia
Malaise
Anorexia
Undifferentiated Sx of Viral infection
***Sx occur AFTER host imm resp; virus often no longer present***
Intro to Virus
Monday, August 26, 2013
10:00 AM
Virology Page 1