Technical Report

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University Gheorghe Asachi from Iasi
Technical University Gheorghe Asachi from Iasi

Faculty of Civil Engineering

Civil Construction project

Dwelling for a single family

Coordinator: Student:
asist. univ. dr. ing. Ruxandra Cozmanciuc Damian Alexandru Paul
Group:
3209

Iasi 2014

A. Written parts:

1. Project theme;
2. Technical report;
3. Calculus of the thermal resistance;
4. Characteristic values of permanent (dead) loads;
5. The timber volume;
6. Snow load;
7. Loads computation and grouping;
8. Foundation Design;

B. Drawing parts:

Foundation plan and basement plan;
Ground floor plan, scale 1:50;
First floor plan, scale 1:50;
Roofing system and timber support, scale 1:50;
Vertical section through the staircase, scale 1:50;
5 main details;
Placement plan, scale 1:500;

1) Project theme.
The project consists in designing underground + ground floor + first floor dwelling
having the functional layouts made by an architect
The building is situated in the city of Suceava and it is connected to all facilities such as
sewage, water system, electrical system, gas system. This region has hot winters, and relative
cold winters.


2) Technical report.

Destination and inside environment:
Importance class I,
i
=0.8;
Peak ground acceleration: 0.20g;
Snow load on ground: 2.0 KN/m
2
;
Frost depth: 100-110 cm;
Climatic zone +T
e
=IV; T
e
=-21
o
C;

Building design and surfaces:

The underground consists in a basement with facilities for the everyday housework such
as technical space, a laundry room, a gym and other rooms for the owners choice.
The ground floor will include rooms necessary for every house and daily activities such
as cooking food, relaxing with family, meeting with friends or relatives. And on the level of the
ground floor there will be a garage for the family car equipped with all necessary tools.

Surfaces on ground floor:
Kitchen: 17.81 m
2
;
Living room: 21.13 m
2
;
Dining room: 16.68 m
2
;
Bathroom: 7.87 m
2
;
Storage room: 5.62 m
2
;
Hall 1: 13.43 m
2
;
Hall 2: 7.68 m
2
;
The garage will have an surface of: 17.19 m
2
.
Effective area on ground floor: 107.61 m
2.
.

The first floor will be entirely dedicated to resting and other nocturnal activities.
Surfaces on the first floor:

Master bedroom: 17.81 m
2
;
Bedroom: 21.13 m
2
;
Guest room: 16.68 m
2

Bathroom: 9 m
2
;
Dressing: 7.76 m
2
;
Hall: 13.43 m
2

Bathroom: 7.87 m
2
;
Games room: 5.62 m
2;

Hall: 7.68 m
2
;
Effective area on the first floor: 106.98 m
2
.

Building structure and materials used.
The foundation is made out of concrete (C 6/7.5) and with reinforcement bars PC52 tied up
with stirrups OB32.
The load bearing walls, outer and inner, are made of masonry with a thickness of 25 cm,
the inner ones, while the outer walls have a thickness of 35 cm, the extra 10 cm from the
thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene.
At the intersection of the load bearing walls there are pillars with the cross section of 25x25 [cm]
covered with lime mortar for the better looks.
The non-load bearing walls are simply made of autoclaved with the thickness of 15 cm. There are
in total 3 walls of this type and they are covered with lime mortar on each side.
The roof is made entirely of timber, while the covering is made of Decra classic tiles and has 2
slopes.
The stairs are made of reinforced concrete and covered with marble for a better aspect.
The slab over the earth, basement and ground floor has a thickness of 15 cm and is made of
reinforced concrete.
3) Calculus of thermal resistance.

Legend:
R - thermal resistance of the element (m
2
K/W);
R
si
- inner surface thermal resistance (m
2
K/W);
R
se
- outer surface thermal resistance (m
2
K/W);
R
min
- the minimum overall thermal resistance (m
2
K/W);

For outer walls: R
min
= (1.25.1.82)R`
min
;
For slabs under attic: R
min
= (1.18.1.38)R`
min
;
For slabs over basement: R
min
= (1.33.1.54)R`
min
;

Note: R
min
has different values depending on the elements included.
D1-Outer Wall

No. Layer d[m] K[w/m*k] d/k [w/k]
1.

Lime mortar 0.025 0.70 0.035
2.

Full brick 0.25 0.80 0.312
3.

Cement mortar 0.005 0.93 0.0053
4. Expanded
Polystyrene
x 0.046 x/0.046
5.

Cement mortar 0.01 0.93 0.010
=0.362+x/0.046

24


D2-Slab under outer garret

No. Layer d[m] k[w/m*k] d/k [w/k]
1. Wood boards

0.024 0.17 0.141
2. Cement mortar

0.035 0.93 0.037
3. Extruded
Polystyrene
x 0.042 x/0.042
4. Cement mortar

0.01 0.93 0.01
5. Slab R.C.

0.15 2.03 0.073
6. Lime mortar

0.02 0.7 0.028
=0.298+

=>


D5-Basement slab on ground

No. Layer d[m] k[w/m*k] d/k
1. Parquet

0.01 0.23 0.0435
2. Cement mortar

0.03 0.93 0.032
3. R.C. Slab

0.1 2.03 0.0203
4. Thermal insulation X 0.042 x/0.042
5. Water proofing

0.002 0.17 0.017
6. Gravel

0.2 0.7 0.285
=0.342+x =0.397+x/0.042


D6-Heated Basement (Outer wall)

No. Layer d[m] k[w/m*k] d/k
1. Lime mortar

0.03 0.7 0.042
2. Full brick wall

0.25 0.8 0.2
3. Cement mortar

0.005 0.93 0.005
4. Extruded
Polystyrene
x 0.042 x/0.042
5. Water proofing

0.002 0.17 0.011
6. Full brick

0.075 0.8 0.093
=0.351+x/0.042


4) Characteristic values of permanent (dead) loads.
Legend:

- characteristic value of dead load on layer (N/m

2
);

- the design of permanent loads on layer (N/m

2
);

- the safety coefficient,
=1.35 for dead loads;

- the unit weight of the material (N/m
3
);
d - the thickness of the material [m];
g - the gravitational acceleration, g= 10 m/s
2
;

The characteristic values are computed using the following formula:
]

The design values of permanent loads are computed with the formula:
]
1. Roofing system.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g [N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Tiles 0.005 8000 40 54
2. Battens 0.036 6000 216 291.6
3. Planking 0.024 6000 144 194.4
4. Rafters 0.12 6000 720 972
= 1120 =1512


2. Outer wall.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g [N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Lime mortar 0.025 16000 400 540
2. Full brick 0.25 18000 4500 6075
3. Cement mortar 0.005 18000 90 121.5
4. Expanded polystyrene 0.1 110 11 14.85
5. Cement mortar 0.01 18000 180 243
= 5181 =6994.35


3. Slab under outer garret.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Wood boards 0.024 6000 144 194.4
2. Cement mortar 0.035 18000 620 850.5
3. Extruded polystyrene 0.25 300 75 101.25
4. Cement mortar 0.01 18000 180 243
5. R.C. Slab 0.15 26000 3900 5265
6. Lime mortar 0.02 16000 320 432
= 5249 =7086.15


4. Basement slab on ground.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Parquet 0.01 5500 55 74.25
2. Cement mortar 0.03 18000 540 729
3. R.C. Slab 0.1 26000 2600 3510
4. Thermal insulation 0.2 300 60 81
5. Gravel 0.2 18000 3600 4860
= 6855 =9254.25


5. Ground floor slab.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Parquet 0.01 5500 55 74.25
2. Cement mortar 0.03 18000 540 729
3. R.C. Slab 0.15 26000 3900 5265
4. Lime mortar 0.03 16000 480 648
= 4975 =6716.25


6. First floor slab.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Parquet 0.01 5500 55 74.25
2. Cement mortar 0.03 18000 540 729
3. R.C. Slab 0.15 26000 3900 5265
4. Lime mortar 0.03 16000 480 648
= 4975 =6716.25


7. Heated basement outer wall.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g [N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Lime mortar 0.03 16000 480 648
2. Full brick 0.25 18000 4500 6075
3. Cement mortar 0.005 18000 90 121.5
4. Extruded Polystyrene 0.15 300 45 60.75
5. Full brick 0.075 18000 1350 1822.5
= 6465 =8727.75


8. Interior load bearing wall.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Lime mortar 0.02 16000 320 432
2. Full brick 0.25 18000 4500 6075
3. Lime mortar 0.2 16000 320 432
= 5140 =6939


9. Interior non load bearing wall.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Lime mortar 0.02 16000 320 432
2. Autoclaved wall 0.15 7000 1050 1417.5
3. Lime mortar 0.2 16000 320 432
= 1690 =2281.5


10. Steps.

No.

Layer

Thickness

d [m]

Unit weight

= *g
[N/m
3
]

Characteristic
value
g
k
[N/m
2
]

Ultimate load
g
d
= 1.35*g
k

[N/m
2
]
1. Marble 0.02 28000 3640 4914
2. Cement mortar 0.03 18000 540 729
3. R.C. Steps 0.14 26000 560 756
= 4740 =6399


5) Timber volume.

There are 2 tables made because the house is not a perfect rectangle and was split in two smaller
rectangles.
No. Element No. of
elements
Dimensions[m]

Volume
on
element
Total
Volume
b h l
1 Battens 46 0.024 0.036 13.25 0.011 0.506
2 Planks 90 0.15 0.024 13.25 0.047 4.23
3 Rafter 38 0.10 0.12 6.76 0.081 3.082
4 Ridge 3 0.12 0.12 13.25 0.19 0.572
5 King Post 3 0.12 0.12 2.35 0.033 0.099
6 Purlin 6 0.12 0.12 13.25 0.19 1.14
7 Smaller
counterbrace
12 0.1 0.12 0.8 0.009 0.108
8 Counterbrace 6 0.1 0.12 1.1 0.013 0.078
9 Little posts 6 0.12 0.12 1.16 0.016 0.096
10 Eave purlin 2 0.12 0.12 13.25 0.19 0.38
11 Pads 9 0.12 0.15 0.6 0.01 0.09
=10.381 m
3

No. Element No. of
elements
Dimensions [m] Volume
on
element
Total volume
b h l
1 Battens 29 0.024 0.036 3 0.002 0.058
2 Planks 58 0.15 0.024 3 0.01 0.58
3 Rafter 8 0.10 0.12 4.67 0.056 0.448
4 Ridge 1 0.12 0.12 3 0.043 0.043
5 King Post 1 0.12 0.12 2.35 0.033 0.033
6 Purlin 2 0.12 0.12 3 0.043 0.086
7 Smaller
counterbrace
4 0.1 0.12 0.8 0.009 0.036
8 Counterbrace 2 0.1 0.12 1.1 0.013 0.026
9 Little posts 2 0.12 0.12 1.16 0.022 0.044
10 Eave purlin 2 0.12 0.12 3 0.043 0.086
11 Pads 3 0.12 0.15 0.6 0.01 0.03
= 1.47 m
3

The total volume is: V
total
= 11.85 m
3
;
V
final
= V
total
* 1.1= 13.03 m
3
;

Having the volume and knowing the density of the timber, we can now find the mass of the timber
using the following formula:

G
timber
=7818*10=78180N=>g
r
=
N/m
2

Legend:
1-Rafter;
2-Eave purlin;
3-Planking;
4-Battens;
5-Ridge purlin;
6-Collars;
7-Counterbrace;
8-King post;
9-Pad ;


Roof covering. Decra classic tiles.
Details tiles:
Total width: 1324 mm
Modulated length: 410 mm
Nominal thickness: 0.5 mm
Slope: min 12
o
;
Approximated mass: 6.7 kg/m
2
;
Distance between battens= max. 60 cm;

A
1
=L
1
*2L
r
;
L
r
=
= 6.83 m
L
1
=13.25 m
=22
o

A
1
=13.25*2*6.83=180.995 m
2

A
2
= L
1
*2L
r
;
L
r
=
m
L
1
= 3 m
=22
o

A
2
=3*2*4.72=28.32 m
2

A
roof
=A
1
+ A
2
=180.995+28.32=209.315 m
2
.

Cross sectional area for the tile: 0.41*1.324=0.54m
2
.

o Tiles per square meter: 2 tiles/m
2
;

o Total number of tiles needed for the roof:
2*A
roof
=2*209.315=418.63=420 pieces;

o Total mass of tiles:
m=420*6.7=2814 kg/m
2
;

o Total weight of tiles:
G
tiles
=m*g=2814*10=28140 N;

g
r
= 28140/141.8=198.44 N/m
2
;


6) Snow loads.

Legend:
o p snow density of 235 kg/m
3

o S
k
-snow characteristic value on roof horizontal projection in kNm
-2

o -shape coefficient
o C
e
-exposure coefficient of placement
o C
t
=thermal coefficient
o C
fr
-friction coefficient between snow and tiles (C
fr
=0.05)
o F
k
-characteristic value of snow pushing force in kNm
-1

o t
0
-snow depth at the earth level (t
0
=90 cm)
o s
0.k
-characteristic value of snow load on the earth level

The building is situated in Suceava so therefore:
= and is not important for public safety so

Taking into account the safety factor
F
= 1.5 =>S
d
=1.28*1.5=1.92 KN/m


7) Loads computation and grouping.

Outer wall.

S=17.39 m
2

N
1-roof
= 1.35*g
k,tiles
*S+1.35*g
k,timber
*S+1.5*g
k,snow
*S=1.35*19.8*17.39 + 1.35*55.37*17.39 +
1.5*128*17.39= 5103.6 daN=51.03kN;
N
2-slab
=N
1
+ 1.35*g
k,slab
*S + 1.5*150*S= 51.03+162.35=213.38 kN;
N
3-wall
=N
2
+1.35*g
k,wall
*L*H=213.38+1.35*518.1*2.8*10.95=213.38+214.44=427.82 kN;
N
4-slab
=N
3
+1.35*g
k slab
*S+1.5*150*S=427.82+1.35*497.5*17.39+1.5*150*17.39=427.82+148.88=576.7
kN;
N
5-wall
=N
4
+1.35*g
k wall
*L*H=576.7+1.35*58.1*2.8*10.95=576.7+214.44=791.14 kN;
N
6-slab
= N
5
+1.35*g
k slab
*S+1.5*150*S=791.14+1.35*497.5*17.39+1.5*150*17.39=791.14+155.92=947.06
kN;
N
7-wall
=N
6
+1.35*g
k wall
*L*H=947.06+1.35*646.5*2.8*10.95=947.06+267.59=1214.65 kN;


Outer wall axial forces diagram ( N [kN] )


Inner wall.

S=11.17 m
2

N
1-roof
=1.35*g
k,tiles
*S+1.35*g
k timber
*S+1.5*g
k snow
*S=1.35*19.84*11.17+1.35*55.37*11.17+1.5*128*11.17
=32.78 kN;
N
2-slab
=N
1
+1.35*g
k,slab
*S+1.5*150*S=32.78+1.35*524.9*11.17+1.5*150*11.17=32.78+104.28=137.06 kN;
N
3-wall
=N
2
+1.35*g
k wall
*L*H=137.06+1.35*514*2.8*3.55=137.06+68.97=206.03 kN;
N
4-slab
=N
3
+1.35*g
k slab
*S+1.5*150*S=206.03+1.35*497.5*11.17+1.5*150*11.17=206.03+80.71=286.74
kN;
N
5-wall
=N
5
+1.35*g
k wall
*L*H=286.74+1.35+514*2.8*3.55=286.74+68.97=355.71 kN;
N
6-slab
=N
5
+1.35*g
k slab
*S+1.5*150*S=355.71+1.35*497.5*11.17+1.5*150*11.17=355.71+100.15=455.86
kN
N
7-wall
=N
6
+1.35*g
k wall
*L*H=455.86+1.35*646.5*2.8*3.55=455.86+86.75=542.61 kN;


Inner wall axial force diagram (N [kN] )


8) Foundation Design;

For outer wall.
1. Strength check.
P
N
=140 kN/m
2
;
P
ef
=
, where N*=

and G
f
= b
f
* h
f
*1 *
concrete
= b
f
* 0.5 *1 *25= 12.5 b
f
P
ef
<= P
N
=>
= 140=>

2. Stability check.

tan >= tan
min
tan
min
=1.3
tan =

a=

For inner wall.

1. Strength check.

P
N
=140 kN/m
2
;
P
ef
=
, where N*=

and G
f
= b
f
* h
f
*1 *
concrete
= b
f
* 0.5 *1 *25= 12.5 b
f
P
ef
<= P
N
=>
= 140=>


2. Stability check.

tan >= tan
min
tan
min
=1.3
tan =

a=


The drawings I initially started from


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Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University Gheorghe Asachi from Iasi

Technical University Gheorghe Asachi from Iasi

- characteristic value of dead load on layer (N/m

- the design of permanent loads on layer (N/m

- the safety coefficient,

=1.35 for dead loads;

= and is not important for public safety so

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