TAG QUESTIONS

Los tag questions son pequeas frases o preguntas (mini-questions) que se

colocan al final de una oracin afirmativa o negativa y que generalmente tienen
como objetivo confirmar o negar el contenido de la frase misma. Es el equivalente
al verdad? espaol o al no? ms utilizado en pases de Amrica.

1- LOS TAG QUESTIONS UTILIZAN SIEMPRE LOS VERBOS AUXILIARES
2-CON ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS UTILIZAMOS UN TAG QUESTIONS EN
NEGATIVON
3-CON ORACIONES NEGATIVAS UTILIZAMOS UN TAG QUESTIONS EN
AFIRMATIVO O POSITIVO
Analicemos ahora las diferentes alternativas que pueden presentarse:|
a) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE
O CONTINUO.|
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: aren't you? isn't he? isn't she?
isn't it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they? Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:|
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? (Es un da hermoso, no?)Martha is angry, isn't she?
(Marta est enojada, verdad?)You are really tired, aren't you? (Ests muy
cansado, no?)They're very nice people, aren't they? (Son personas muy
agradables, no?)You are coming tomorrow, aren't you? (Vas a venir maana,
verdad?)Pedro's flying now, isn't he? (Pedro est volando en estos momentos,
no?) |
Por favor recuerda que, en ingls americano y UNICAMENTE en este caso en
particular, para la primera persona del verbo to be se utiliza aren't I? como
equivalente de am I not?:|
I'm late, aren't I? (Llego tarde, no?)I'm arriving late at night, aren't I? (LLegar
tarde por la noche, no?) |

b) ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE O
CONTINUO.|
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO: am I? are you?
is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they? Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:|
I'm not late, am I? (No llego tarde, no?)It isn't a beautiful day, is it? (No es un da
hermoso, verdad?)Martha isn't angry, is she? (Marta no est enojada, no?)You
aren't really tired, are you? (No ests muy cansado, verdad?)They aren't very
nice people, are they? (No son personas muy agradables, no?)You aren't coming
tomorrow, are you? (No vas a venir maana, no?)Pedro isn't flying now, is he?
(Pedro no est volando en estos momentos, no?) |

c) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE O
CONTINUO.|
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: wasn't I? weren't you? wasn't
he? wan't she? wasn't it? weren't we? weren't you? weren't they? Aqu tienes
algunos ejemplos:|
It was a beautiful day, wasn't it? (Fue un da hermoso, verdad?)Martha was
angry, wasn't she? (Marta estaba enojada, no?)You were really tired, weren't
you? (Estabas muy cansado, verdad?)You were studying at 6, weren't you?
(Estuviste estudiando a las 6, no?)He was flying when I phoned, wasn't he?
(Estaba volando cuando llam, no?) |

d) ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE O
CONTINUO.|
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO: was I? were
you? was he? was she? was it? were we? were you? were they? Aqu tienes
algunos ejemplos:|
It wasn't a beautiful day, was it? (No fue un da hermoso, no?)Martha wasn't
angry, was she? (Marta no estaba enojada, no?)You weren't really tired, were
you? (No estabas muy cansado, verdad?)You weren't studying at 6, were you?
(No estuviste estudiando a las 6, no?)He wasn't flying when I phoned, was he?
(No estaba volando cuando llam, no?)|

e) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON OTROS VERBOS COMUNES O
DEFECTIVOS.|
Teniendo siempre en cuenta el TIEMPO VERBAL, se utiliza el auxiliar en
NEGATIVO que corresponde a la persona de la oracin: didn't she? hasn't she?
won't she? shouldn't she? can't she? couldn't she?, etc. Aqu tienes algunos
ejemplos:|
You went to Costa Rica in 1990, didn't you? (Fuiste a Costa Rica en 1990,
no?)Elena has traveled a lot, hasn't she? (Elena ha viajado mucho, no?)Ann will
be here soon, won't she? (Ana estar pronto aqu, verdad?)Tom should pass his
exam, shouldn't he? (Tom debera aprobar su examen, no?)You can play the
violin, can't you? (Sabes tocar el violn, no?)He could find a job, couldn't he?
(Pudo encontrar trabajo, verdad?) |

f) IMPERATIVOS Y SUGERENCIAS O INVITACIONES.|
Despus de la clusula Let's... el tag question que corresponde es shall we? (en
interrogativo AFIRMATIVO). Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:|
Let's go out for a walk, shall we? (Salgamos a dar una vuelta, qu te
parece?)Let's study tomorrow morning, shall we? (Estudiemos maana por la
maana, s?)|
Despus del imperativo (do/don't do something) el tag que corresponde es will
you? (en interrogativo AFIRMATIVO). Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos:|
Open the door, will you? (Abre la puerta, s?)Don't smoke in this room, will you?
(No fumes en esta habitacin, de acuerdo?)|

Question tags
Se aplican cuando se desea confirmar o verificar lo que se dijo en la frase anterior.
Equivale al espaol "verdad? no?"
Se componen del auxiliar que aparece en la parte anterior de la oracin (si es el
verbo to be, se usa el mismo verbo), pero en su forma inversa (si el primero est
en afirmativo, se usar la forma negativa, y viceversa), seguido del mismo sujeto
que aparece en la primera parte de la oracin.
She is beautiful, isn't she?
Es hermosa, no?
En este caso, en la primera parte de la oracin el verbo es is, por lo tanto en la
question tag debemos usar la negacin isn't. El sujeto es she.
You are studying, aren't you?
Ests estudiando, no?
Aqu, el verbo es are studying, por lo tanto se debe usar su forma negativa: aren't.
El sujeto de la frase es you.
Cuando en el sujeto de la oracin est compuesto por otras palabras, en la
question tag se debe reemplazar por el pronombre que le corresponda.
Thomas is working hard, isn't he? Thomas est trabajando mucho, no?
Si en la oracin no aparece el auxiliar, se debe analizar en qu tiempo se
encuentra la oracin para saber qu auxiliar usar en la question tag.
Thomas works hard, doesn't he?
Thomas trabaja mucho, verdad?

You want to play rugby, don't you?
Quieres jugar al rugby, no?

They are going to Europe, aren't they?
Estn yendo a Europa, verdad?

Paul can't swim, can he?
Paul no sabe nadar, no?

rimer y segundo condicional: cmo y cundo usarlo
Existen cuatro condicionales para utilizar en el idioma ingls. En general, los
empleamos para hablar acerca de una posible situacin y sus
consecuencias.
Ejemplo: If I wear the green jacket, it'll go with my new shoes. (Si uso la
chaqueta verde, sta har juego con mis zapatos nuevos).
Como muestra esta oracin, hay una posibilidad real de que suceda lo que
se expresa en este ejemplo. En la oracin, tenemos un tipo de condicin if
(si) que tiene un significado similar a when (cuando).

En el primer condicional, encontramos la siguiente estructura en la oracin:
CLUSULA CONDICIONAL: IF + present simple.
CLUSULA PRINCIPAL: WILL / 'LL / WON'T + infinitivo.
El primer condicional lo empleamos para hablar acerca de un probable
resultado futuro, es decir, que no es totalmente seguro:
If you study hard, you will pass your exams. Si estudias intensamente
aprobars tus exmenes.
If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. Si no
protegemos a los osos panda, pronto se extinguirn.

CMO SE FORMA?

AFIRMATIVA: Las primera condicional se forma con el presente simple en
la 'if-clause' (frase con 'if') y el futuro simple en la 'main clause' (frase
principal).

[IF... + PRESENT SIMPLE] + [WILL + VERBO PRINCIPAL]

Si gano la lotera, me comprar una casa.
If I win the lottery, I will buy a house

* En este caso indicamos algo probable, ya que indicamos qu haramos en
el caso de que la condicin fuese real.

Tambin se utiliza para dar instrucciones, utilizando el imperativo o los
verbos modales en la frase principal

If you need a pencil, you can take mine. Si usted necesita un lpiz, se puede
tomar la ma.

NEGATIVA: Para hacer una condicional negativa podemos utilizar dos
estructuras diferentes. La primera sera la siguiente negando los verbos
normalmente.

Si no gano la lotera, no me comprar una casa.
If I dont win the lottery, I won't buy a house.

* Como podemos ver en el ejemplo, simplemente negamos las frases.
Recuerda que pueden estar las dos negadas o slo una de ellas.



ORDEN: Recuerda que estas dos frases pueden intercambiarse el orden, es
decir, que podemos tambin encontrar la 'main-clause' primero y luego la 'if-
clause'.

If I win the lottery, I will buy a house.

I will buy a house if I win the lottery.

*1 Cuando la 'if-clause' est delante separamos las frases con una coma, de
lo contrario no es necesario.

*2 Recuerda, adems, que podemos encontrar 'will' contrado.


Passive voice.
The key to pass the sentences to passive voice is look carefully the main
verb. Normally we speak in active voice for example: Rosa steals the
money. But to transform that sentence to passive we look the verb STEAL
(that in this case is with S because we are using Rosa (third person)) so,
it is in present and the passive would be like this: The money IS STOLEN by
Rosa.
Active Voice:
Pronoun + verb + complement.
Rosa/ She + Steals + the money.
Passive Voice:
Complement + be + past participle of the verb + by + object.
The money+ is(because THE MONEY is third person) + STOLEN + by +
her.
The difficulty of transforming from active to passive is the tense of the BE
because if active sentence is in present we have to write the BE with Are
if the object is plural, IS if the object is singular and the verb in past
participle is the same in both cases (present and past).
Examples:
-Luis took the elevator twice.
*The elevator was taken by Luis twice.
-Roberto writes his homework really fast.
*The homework is written really fast by Roberto/ him.
-Karla crosses the line.
* The line is crossed by her/ Karla.
-You take the class.
*The class IS taken by you.
-You took the class.
* The class WAS taken by you.

-Someone painted the houses.
*The houses WERE painted. (In this case is not necessary to write BY
SOMEONE)
-I paint the houses.
*The houses ARE painted by me.
Summarizing... The only thing you have to be sure of is THE TENSE
WHERE THE MAIN VERB OF THE ACTIVE VOICE IS if you are talking in
present the verb BE is going to be (depending if its plural or singular) with
ARE or IS and the next verb is always in PAST PARTICIPLE. And if the
verb in the active is in PAST you have to use WAS or WERE(depending if
its plural or singular).
When you use twice, always, really fast 4 times a day etc.. it isnt
important where you write them
-I drink water eight times a day.
*Water is drunk by me eight times a day.
* Water is drunk eight times a day by me.
BOTH ARE CORRECT.
-I drank water yesterday.
* Water was drunk by me yesterday.
*Water was drunk yesterday by me.
BOTH ARE CORRECT