Internal

UMTS CS Call Drop Analysis Guide

Version: V2.0
ZTE UMTS Radio Network Planning & Optimization
Department


UMTS Network Planning & Optimiation Guide!ook
Release Notes:
Version Date !t"or Re#iewed $% Re#ision &istor%
V1.0 2009/4/23 Qin Jianhan None Draft
V2.0 2009/11/25 Zhou Changjing
in Jianhua! "an i! #u
Zhe$ian
2n% e%ition


'e% words:
C&! Ca'' %ro(
$stra(t:
)his %o*u+ent intro%u*es ,a-s to e.a'uate! test! ana'-/e an% so'.e the *a'' %ro(
(ro0'e+.
$$re#iation:
None
Re)eren(e:
None
Ta$le o) *ontents
S(enario one t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem +,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
S(enario two t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
S(enario t"ree t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
Meas!rement o) antenna power on PMS /,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
0low ("art to test (all drops $% DT 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
0low ("art )or top (ell sele(tion 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
PMS (ell per)orman(e meas!rement )ig!re 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---
RS*P and E(4-o t"res"old )or di))erent ser#i(es 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-V
*ommon E1 )a!lts and "andling s!ggestions 16,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-V
Timer and (o!nter related to t"e UE 72,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-V
1 -ntrod!(tion ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1
7 De)inition ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7
2.1 Definition of Ca'' Dro( fro+ Dri.e )est 1s(e*t ................................................................................ 2
2.2 Definition of Ca'' Dro( at 23C &i%e ................................................................................................. 2
2 *all Drop nal%sis ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5
3.1 Ca'' Dro( 4easons ............................................................................................................................... 4
3.1.1 Ca'' Dro(s Cause% 0- 5oor Co.erage ...................................................................................... 4
3.1.2 Ca'' Dro( Cause% 0- Neigh0or Ce''s ....................................................................................... 5
3.1.3 Ca'' Dro( Cause% 0- 6nterferen*e ............................................................................................ 7
3.1.4 Ca'' 8ai'ure Cause% 0- ),o Ce''s 9sing the &a+e 5&C ........................................................... :
3.1.5 Ca'' Dro(s Cause% 0- ;ngineering Causes .............................................................................. 9
3.1.7 Ca'' Dro(s Cause% 0- 2"/3" 6ntero(era0i'it- ....................................................................... 12
3.1.: Ca'' Dro(s Cause% 0- the &-ste+ .......................................................................................... 12
3.2 1na'-/ing Ca'' Dro(s 0- D) ............................................................................................................ 13
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 6

Internal
....................................
3.3 1na'-/ing Ca'' Dro(s 0- )raffi* &tatisti*s ....................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 5ro*e%ure of <56 1na'-sis ...................................................................................................... 15
3.3.2 =asi* 3etho%s to 1na'-/e <56s ............................................................................................. 17
3.3.3 <56 1na'-sis )oo's ................................................................................................................. 1>
3.4 4a%io 5ara+eters 6n.o'.e% During 2(ti+i/ation ............................................................................ 20
3.4.1 4a%io 5ara+eters 4e'ate% ,ith C& Ca'' Dro(s ...................................................................... 20
3.4.2 )i+er an% Counter 4e'ate% ,ith Ca'' Dro( ............................................................................ 23
----

Internal
0ig!res
S(enario one t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,+
S(enario two t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
S(enario t"ree t"at ma% (a!se t"e same PS* pro$lem,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
Meas!rement o) antenna power on PMS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,/
0low ("art to test (all drops $% DT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,12
0low ("art )or top (ell sele(tion,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,13
PMS (ell per)orman(e meas!rement )ig!re,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 666

Internal
....................................
Ta$les
RS*P and E(4-o t"res"old )or di))erent ser#i(es ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
*ommon E1 )a!lts and "andling s!ggestions ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,16
Timer and (o!nter related to t"e UE ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,72
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 6V

Internal
" Introdu#tion
)his %o*u+ent is *o+(i'e% to gui%e the net,or? o(ti+i/ation engineers to so'.e the
*a'' %ro( (ro0'e+! to re%u*e the *a'' %ro( rate! an% to i+(ro.e the @ua'it- of the
net,or?. 6t a'so intro%u*es ,a-s to e.a'uate! test! ana'-/e an% so'.e the *a'' %ro(
(ro0'e+. 6n a%%ition! it a'so in*'u%es so+e t-(i*a' *ases. 6n the a*tua' net,or?
o(ti+i/ation a*ti.ities! han%o.er an% *a'' %ro( are strong'- re'ate%. 6n +ost *ases!
han%o.er fai'ure ,ou'% 'ea% to *a'' %ro(s. 8or this ?in% of *a'' %ro(s! -ou +a- refer to
the gui%e0oo? for *a'' %ro(s *ause% 0- han%o.er. )his %o*u+ent +ain'- fo*uses on *a''
%ro(s ,hi*h are not *ause% 0- han%o.er fai'ures.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 1

Internal
$ De%inition
$&" De%inition o% Call Drop %rom Dri'e Test Aspe#t
1ir interfa*e signa'ing at the 9; si%e: Ca'' %ro(s refer to *a'' re'eases *ause% 0- Not
Nor+a' C'earing! Not Nor+a'! or 9ns(e*ifie% ,hen the +essage on the air interfa*e
satisf-ing an- of the fo''o,ing three *on%itions:
)he 9; re*ei.es an- =CA infor+ation Bs-ste+ infor+ationC.
)he *a'' is re'ease% for Not Nor+a' an% the 9; re*ei.es the 44C
4e'ease infor+ation.
)he 9; re*ei.es CC Dis*onne*t, CC 4e'ease Co+('ete, and CC
4e'ease infor+ation.
&igna'ing re*or%e% at the 4NC si%e: Ca'' %ro(s refer to *a'' re'eases ,hen the 4NC has
sent the 6u 4e'ease 4e@uest to the CN through the 6u interfa*e! or ,hen the 4NC has
sent the 41= 4e'ease 4e@uest infor+ation to the CN through the user (ane'.
$&$ De%inition o% Call Drop at OMC Side
)he %efinition of *a'' %ro( in a 0roa% sense *ontains the *a'' %ro( rates at 0oth the CN
an% 9)41N si%es. &in*e the net,or? o(ti+i/ation fo*uses on the *a'' %ro( rate at the
9)41N si%e! this %o*u+ent on'- fo*uses on the <56 ana'-sis at the 9)41N si%e.
)he <56s at the 9)41N si%e refers to the nu+0er of re'ease% 41=s of %ifferent
ser.i*es triggere% 0- the 4NC. ),o as(e*ts are in.o'.e%: B1C 1fter the 41= is
esta0'ishe%! the 4NC sen%s the 41= 4;D;1&; 4;Q9;&) infor+ation to the CN. B2C
1fter the 41= is esta0'ishe%! the 4NC sen%s the 69 4;D;1&; 4;Q9;&) to the CN!
an% then it re*ei.es the 69 4;D;1&; C2331ND fro+ the CN. )he statisti*s *an 0e
*o''e*te% 0ase% on s(e*ifi* ser.i*es.
3ean,hi'e the traffi* statisti*s a'so i+('- reasons that the 4NC triggers the re'ease of
the 41=s of %ifferent ser.i*es.
)he *a'' %ro( rate *an 0e *a'*u'ate% 0- the fo''o,ing for+u'a:
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 2

Internal
% *
Success CSRABSetup
iggedByRNC CSRabrelTr
CDR CS 100 E

=
C&4a0re')rigge%=-4NC *ontains the nu+0er of 41=s in*'u%e% in 41= 4;D;1&;
4;Q9;&) for C& ser.i*es an% that in*'u%e% in 69 4;D;1&; 4;Q9;&) for C&
ser.i*es.
% *
Success PSRABSetup
iggedByRNC PSRabrelTr
CDR PS 100 E

=
4a0re')rigge%=-4NC *ontains the nu+0er of 41=s in*'u%e% in 41= 4;D;1&;
4;Q9;&) for 5& ser.i*es an% that in*'u%e% in 69 4;D;1&; 4;Q9;&) for 5&
ser.i*es.
6t shou'% 0e s(e*ifie% that the 4NC traffi* statisti*s *a'*u'ates the ti+es of *a'' %ro(s
through the signa'ing at the 6u interfa*e! an% *ounts the nu+0er of 41= 4;D;1&;
4;Q9;&) an% the nu+0er of 69 4;D;1&; 4;Q9;&) initiate% 0- the 4NC. Fhi'e
*a'' %ro(s in the %ri.e test as(e*t e+(hasi/es the infor+ation at the air interfa*e an%
nonGa**ess stratu+ an% their *ause .a'ue. 6t is %ifferent fro+ *a'' %ro(s at the 23C
si%e.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 3

Internal
( Call Drop Analysis
3an- reasons +a- 'ea% to the *a'' %ro( (ro0'e+! an% *a'' %ro( is an e$(ression of the
%ee( net,or? (ro0'e+s. )his *ha(ter fo*uses on the *a'' %ro( reasons! *o++on'-Guse%
*a'' %ro( ana'-sis +etho%s! an% +ain *a''G%ro( o(ti+i/ation instru+ents.
(&" Call Drop )easons
(&"&" Call Drops Caused !y Poor Co'erage
6n the %efinition of net,or? *o.erage! the re@uire+ents of effe*ti.e *o.erage for a
*ertain sa+('ing (oint is that its 4&C5 an% ;*/6o shou'% 0e 0etter than the s(e*ifie%
thresho'%. 6n this se*tion! 0a% *o.erage is re(resente% 0- (oor 4&C5 .a'ue. Note that
*o.erage at *e'' e%ges is a s(e*ia' *ase. Co.erage at *e'' e%ges ,ou'% ha.e 0a% 4&C5
.a'ue an% e$*e''ent ;*/6o o,ing to 'itt'e *e'' nu+0er! 0ut sti'' the *o.erage in these *e''
e%ges is %efine% as 0a% *o.erage.
6n 93)& net,or?! initiation an% +aintenan*e of %ifferent ser.i*es ,ou'% ha.e
%ifferent re@uire+ents on *o.erage. )a0'e 1 'ists the referen*e .a'ues.
Table 1 RSCP and Ec/Io threshold for different services
Ser#i(e T%pe RS*P 8d9m: E(4-o 8d9:
13412.2< G105 G13
C&74< G100 G11
5&3>4< G95 G10
A&D51 G90 G>
)he *o.erage *on%ition at the 9D an% DD of the net,or? *an 0e esti+ate% through the
(o,er of the %e%i*ate% *hanne's for the 9D an% DD 0efore *a'' %ro(s! ,hi*h *an 0e
(erfor+e% through the fo''o,ing +etho%s.
6f the 9D )# (o,er 0efore the *a'' %ro( has rea*he% the +a$i+u+ .a'ue an% the 9D
=D;4 is 0a%! or it is foun% out through the sing'e user tra*ing re*or% at the 4NC that
the No%e= has re(orte% 4D fai'ure! then the *a'' %ro( is *ause% 0- 0a% 9D *o.erage. 6f
the DD )# (o,er 0efore the *a'' %ro( has rea*he% the +a$i+u+ .a'ue an% the DD
=D;4 is 0a%! then the *a'' %ro( is *ause% 0- 0a% DD *o.erage.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 4

Internal
8or the *o.erage o(ti+i/ation +etho%! see the WCDMA Radio Network pti!i"atio#
$uide.
(&"&$ Call Drop Caused !y Neig*!or Cells
1. 3isse% neigh0or *e''
Neigh0or *e'' o(ti+i/ation is an i+(ortant 'in? of ra%io net,or? o(ti+i/ation. 6f
*ertain *e''s shou'% 0e in*'u%e% 0ut e$*'u%e% fro+ the neigh0or *e'' 'ist of one *e''!
then *a'' %ro( ,ou'% ha((en an% the interferen*e in the net,or? ,ou'% a'so in*rease
an% s-ste+ *a(a*it- ,ou'% 0e i+(a*te%. )herefore! neigh0or *e'' o(ti+i/ation is an
i+(ortant (art of the engineering o(ti+i/ation.
6t is eas- to esti+ate ,hether the *e'' is *onfigure% ,ith an- neigh0or *e''! an% -ou *an
('a-0a*? the *a'' %ro( %ata! (erfor+ NC2& ana'-sis! an% ana'-/e the s*anner %ata.
9se Z); CN1 to ('a-0a*? the *a'' %ro( %ata. 6f the 0'ue (i''ar
Bre(resenting the %ete*te% setC in the histogra+ of the (i'ot signa's is the
'ongest! then the +isse% neigh0or *e'' (ro0'e+ e$ists.
9se the auto+ati* ana'-sis too' of Z); NC2&! it ,ou'% stu%- the
han%o.er %ata of the net,or?! an% auto+ati*a''- a%% the +isse% neigh0or *e''.
8or %etai's! see the o(eration gui%e of NC2&.
During the %ri.e test! the 9; ,ou'% a*@uire the neigh0or *e'' 'ist fro+
the No%e=! an% the s*anner ,ou'% s*an the 512 5&Cs an% re*or% the ;*/6o. 6f
one of the 5&C& is not in*'u%e% in the neigh0or *e'' 'ist! an% its (i'ot strength
is stronger than the thresho'%! an% the (heno+enon 'asts for a fe, se*on%s!
then the +isse% neigh0or *e'' (ro0'e+ e$ists.
2. 4e+o.a' of ?e- neigh0or *e''s *ause% 0- *o+0ination of +a*ro
%i.ersit-
1ssign the (riorit- of the neigh0or *e'' ,hen (erfor+ing the initia' neigh0or *e''
('anning! then o(ti+i/e the (riorit- an% nu+0er of neigh0or *e''s (erio%i*a''- ,ith
NC2& as the traffi* .o'u+e in*reases.
3. 9nti+e'- u(%ate of the e$terna' *e'' infor+ation
Che*? the e$terna' *e''s of the 4NC (erio%i*a''-! an% ensure the *e''s in the 'ist are
*orre*t.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 5

Internal
(&"&( Call Drop Caused !y Inter%eren#e
Distinguish the 9D an% DD interferen*es.
)he interferen*es fro+ the 9D an% DD ,ou'% 0oth 'ea% to *a'' %ro(. "enera''-! ,hen
the C56CA 4&C5 of the a*ti.e set is 'arge than G>5%=+! an% the *o+(rehensi.e ;*/6o
is 'o,er than G13%=! *a'' %ro( o**urs! then the *a'' %ro( is *ause% 0- the DD
interferen*e. Note that ,hen the han%o.er is not ti+e'-! the 4&C5 of the ser.ing *e''
+a- 0e goo%! 0ut the ;*/6o is 0a%. Ao,e.er! the 4&C5 an% ;*/6o of the +onitore% set
are 0oth e$*e''ent un%er this *on%ition. Fhen the 9D 4)F5 is 10%= higher than the
nor+a' .a'ue! ,hi*h is G10:HG105! an% the interferen*e %uration is 2s or 3s 'onger! *a''
%ro( +a- ha((en an% the (ro0'e+ +ust 0e so'.e%.
),o reasons +a- *ause DD interferen*es! ,hi*h are (i'ot (o''ution an% +isse%
neigh0or *e''. )he +isse% neigh0or *e'' has a'rea%- 0een %is*usse% in the a0o.e (art
an% ,ou'% not 0e re(eate% here. 6n the (i'ot (o''ution area! signa's of +u'ti('e *e''s
e$ist! the 4&C5 of these *e''s is goo%! ,hi'e ;*/6o is 0a%! the 9; ,ou'% fre@uent'-
rese'e*t the neigh0or *e'' or (erfor+ the han%o.er! an% the in*o+ing an% out*o+ing of
*a''s *an har%'- rea*h the 9;. "enera''-! three fa*tors ,ou'% 'ea% to (i'ot (o''ution in
the net,or?.
2.ershooting of sites at a high 'o*ation
No%e=s in ringGsha(e% %istri0ution
Fa.eGgui%e effe*t! 'arge ref'e*tors! an% so+e other effe*ts that +a-
*ause the %istortion of signa's.
)he t-(i*a' feature of DD *a'' %ro(s is that the 4NC sen%s the 1*ti.e &et 9(%ate
+essage! ,hi'e the 9; *annot re*ei.e it! then the *a'' is %ro((e% for 4D 8ai'ure.
ou *an ju%ge ,hether the 9D interferen*es e$ist 0- the 1.erage 4)F5 an% 3a$
4)F5 on the 23CG4. 8or an i%'e *e''! the 1.erage 4)F5 is a0out G105%=+I for a
*e'' *arr-ing 50J of 9D 'oa%! the 1.erage 4)F5 is aroun% G102%=+. 6f the 1.erage
4)F5 of an i%'e *e'' e$*ee%s G100%=+! ,e *an 0e'ie.e that 9D interferen*es e$ist.
)he 9D interferen*es +a?e the 9D )# (o,er of the *e'' in *onne*te% +o%e in*rease!
an% then an e$*essi.e'- high =D;4 is generate%. )hen *a'' %ro( ha((ens. During
han%o.er! the ne,'-Ga%%e% 'in? is out of s-n* for 9D interferen*es! ,hi*h further 'ea%s
to fai'e% han%o.ers an% *a'' %ro(s. )he 9D interferen*e +a- 0e intraG41) or interG41)
interferen*es. 6n +ost *ases! the 9D interferen*es are interG41) interferen*es.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 7

Internal
Fhen DD interferen*e e$ists! the 9D )# (o,er is .er- s+a'' or the 9D =D;4 +a-
*on.erge! ho,e.er! ,hen the DD )# (o,er of the 9; rea*hes the +a$i+u+ .a'ue! the
DD =D;4 %oes not *on.erge. 6f 9D interferen*es e$ist! the sa+e (ro0'e+ ,ou'% insist.
)hus! in a*tua' ana'-sis! this +etho% *an 0e use% to %istinguish ,hether interferen*es
e$ist.
8or +etho%s to in.estigate the interferen*es! see the %MTS &#ter'ere#ce &#(estigatio#
$uidebook.
(&"&+ Call ,ailure Caused !y Two Cells Using t*e Same PSC
(&"&+&" S#enario One
Figure 1 Scenario one that may cause the same PSC
problem
Ce'' 1 an% Ce'' = Bsour*e *e''C are *onfigure% as neigh0or *e'' for ea*h other! ho,e.er!
the geogra(hi*a' %istan*e 0et,een Ce'' 1 an% Ce'' = is huge. Ce'' 1 an% Ce'' C has the
sa+e 5&C! an% Ce'' C an% Ce'' = Bsour*e *e''C is .er- *'ose! ho,e.er! Ce'' C an% Ce''
= are not *onfigure% as neigh0or *e''s for ea*h other.
9n%er this situation! the 9; %ete*ts signa's fro+ Ce'' C an% sen%s ;.ent 11 re@uest to
0e soft han%e% o.er to Ce'' C. )he 5&C in the ;.ent 11 re@uest is 123. 1fter re*ei.ing
the ;.ent 11 re@uest! the 4NC *he*?s fro+ the neigh0or *e'' 'ist of Ce'' = Bsour*e
*e''C for *e''s ,ith 5&C of 123! then it fin%s Ce'' 1. )hen the 4NC tries to 0ui'% the
ra%io 'in? on Ce'' 1. )he 4NC instru*ts the 9; to a%% Ce'' 1 to its a*ti.e set. )hen! the
u(%ate of the a*ti.e set ti+es out for the *e'' +easure% 0- the 9; is %ifferent fro+ the
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. :

Internal
*e'' ,here the ra%io 'in? is 0ui't.
(&"&+&$ S#enario Two
Figure Scenario t!o that may cause the same PSC
problem
6n this s*enario! the 9; has esta0'ishe% the ra%io 'in? ,ith t,o *e''s! Ce'' = an% Ce'' C.
Ce'' 1 is the neigh0or *e'' of Ce'' =! an% Ce'' D is the neigh0or *e'' of Ce'' C! an%
these t,o *e''s ha.e the sa+e 5&C. Fhen the 9; is in soft han%o.er state! the 4NC
,ou'% *o+0ine the neigh0or *e'' 'ists of Ce'' = an% Ce'' C! then the sa+e 5&C (ro0'e+
,ou'% ha((en.
(&"&+&( S#enario T*ree
Figure " Scenario three that may cause the same PSC
problem
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. >

Internal
Ce'' = an% Ce'' D are not *onfigure% as neigh0or *e'' for ea*h other! ho,e.er! these
t,o *e''s are 0oth in*'u%e% in the a*ti.e set o,ing to the thir%G(art- han%o.er a+ong
Ce'' =! Ce'' C! an% Ce'' D. Ce'' 1 is the neigh0or *e'' of Ce'' =! an% Ce'' ; is the
neigh0or *e'' of Ce'' D! an% these t,o *e''s ha.e the sa+e 5&C. )he 4NC ,ou'%
*o+0ine the neigh0or *e''s of Ce'' =! Ce'' C! an% Ce'' D in the a*ti.e set! then the
sa+e 5&C (ro0'e+ +a- o**ur.
(&"&- Call Drops Caused !y .ngineering Causes
1. 4e.erse'-G*onne*te% antenna
ou *an *he*? ,hether the %i.ersit- is re.erse'- *onne*te% 0- the 5&C %istri0ution
figure of the %ri.e test %ata. 8or the *onne*tion of the %i.ersit-! the 53& *an 0e use% to
+easure the *e'' (erfor+an*e. )he antenna ,ou'% on'- generate (o,er ,hen 9;s tr-
to a**ess the net,or?! an% the +easure% .a'ue of the (o,er e@ua's to the %e+o%u'ation
(o,er. ou *an *he*? the ratio of t,o antennas! if the (o,er of one antenna is 'o,er
than the other one in a 'ong (erio% of ti+e! then the %i.ersit- +ust 0e re.erse'-
*onne*te%.
Figure # $easurement of antenna po!er on P$S
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 9

Internal
)he 0a'an*e 'e.e' *he*?ing of t,o antennas in ,ho'e net,or? *an 0e i+('e+ente% 0-
23C= +easure+ent. Ao,e.er! -ou nee% to +anua''- (ro*ess the a*@uire% %ata.
2. 1n e$*essi.e V&F4
ou *an *he*? the V&F4 of the *urrent site at the 4NC &D4. 6f the V&F4 is 'arge
than or e@ua's to 1.4! then it +ust 0e a%juste%.
3. 3u'tiG0an% antenna (ro0'e+
6n the net,or? of so+e *ities! +u'tiG0an% antennas e$ist. )he o(erator usua''- refuses
to a%just the (ara+eters of the +u'tiG0an% antenna for fearing of affe*ting the
su0s*ri0ers of the e$isting 2" net,or?. )hen (i'ot (o''ution or o.ershooting +a-
o**ur. )o so'.e this (ro0'e+! -ou shou'% tr- to (ersua%e the o(erator to *hange the
antenna! so that 2" an% 3" net,or?s *an ha.e se(arate antennas. 6f these antennas
*annot 0e *hange%! then the s(e*ifi* en.iron+ent +ust 0e *arefu''- stu%ie% 0efore
ta?ing an- a*tions. ou *an o(ti+i/e the neigh0or *e''s to a.oi% *a'' %ro(s.
4. Dea?age of signa's fro+ in%oor %istri0ution s-ste+
6n +ost *ities! *a'' %ro(s *ause% 0- signa' 'ea?age fro+ in%oor %istri0ution s-ste+
e$ist. ou shou'% (ersua%e the o(erator to re*onstru*t the in%oor %istri0ution s-ste+.
2r! the in%oor %istri0ution s-ste+ *an 0e +erge% to the ,ho'e net,or?! ,hi*h *an 0e
%one 0- o(ti+i/ing of the *o.erage of the a+0ient out%oor *e''s an% a%%ition of
neigh0or *e''s.
5. Ca'' %ro( *ause% 0- unstea%- trans+ission
1s the 0otto+ 'e.e' of trans+ission +e%iu+! ;1 ,ou'% re(ort the 'oss of ;1 e'e*tri*a'
signa's an% re*e(tion fai'ures at the re+ote en%. 3ean,hi'e! se.era' ;1s ,ou'% 0e
0oun% together as a grou(! an% then ;1 ,ou'% re(ort the fau't of 631 grou( in nonG
o(erating +o%e.
)he fo''o,ing ta0'e 'ists se.era' ;1 fau'ts that +ust 0e han%'e% an% the re'ate%
han%'ing suggestions.
Table Common E1 faults and handling suggestions
8au't Causes &o'utions
Dost of ;1
e'e*tri*a' signa's
)he 4# en% %ete*ts no 'ine *ir*uit (u'se or
*annot %ete*t 'ogi* 1 ,ithin *ontinuous
(erio%s! then the D2& a'ar+ is re(orte%. )his
1. Che*? ,hether the &1 0oar% is
se*ure! an% ,hether the ;1 a%a(ter
is s'a*?.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 10

Internal
a'ar+ is genera''- *ause% 0- the 4# fau't of
the ;1/)1 or 0ro?en 'ines! then the ;1/)1
*annot %ete*t the signa's fro+ the re+ote en%.
2. Che*? ,hether the (ins of the
a%a(ter are %a+age%.
3. Che*? ,hether the joint
*onne*tor of the ;1 *a0'e is
%a+age%! an% ,hether the joint
*onne*tor is se*ure'- *onne*te%
,ith the ;1 *a0'e.
4. Che*? ,hether the *a0'ing of
the ;1 *a0'e satisfies the
engineering s(e*ifi*ation! ,hether
the ;1 *a0'e 0ears an- e$terna'
for*e.
5. 9se the ;1 se'fG'oo( *a0'e to
re*-*'e the 'ine! if the a'ar+ is
*'eare%! then *he*? the ;1 *a0'e at
the (eer en%.
4e+ote re*e(tion
fai'ure of the ;1
6t in%i*ates the ;1/)1 re+ote a'ar+. )his
a'ar+ in%i*ates the a0nor+a' re*e(tions at the
re+ote en%. )he re+ote en% inserts the 416
in%i*ator 0it to the signa's an% then sen%s it to
the 'o*a' en%! an% the 'o*a' en% re(orts the
a'ar+ after %ete*ting the a'ar+. )he re+ote
re*e(tion error is re(orte%.
1. )he )# 'ine is fau't- or
0ro?en. Che*? ,hether the )# 'ine
is *orre*t'- *onne*te%. 8or %etai's!
see the Aan%'ing suggestions for the
D2& 1'ar+.
2. Che*? ,hether the fra+e
stru*tures of the ;1 fra+e at the
'o*a' en% an% re+ote +at*h. )he ;1
fra+e at 0oth en%s +ust 0oth ,or?
at %ua'Gfra+e or +u'tiGfra+e +o%e.
3. Che*? for error *o%es at the
)# 'ine.
;1 fra+e out of
s-n*
)he first 0it of s'ot 0 of 0oth ;1 an% )1
*arries the s-n*hronous *'o*? signa's! ,hi*h
infor+ the 4# en% of the start of one fra+e. 6f
the 4# en%s of the ;1 an% )1 are out of s-n*!
then %ata fra+es ,ou'% 0e 'ost an% the D28
a'ar+ is re(orte%.
1. Fhether ;1 an% )1 ,or? at the
sa+e state.
2. Che*? ,hether ;1 fra+es are
of the sa+e +o%es B%ua'G
fra+e/+u'tiGfra+eC.
3. Che*? ,hether the i+(e%an*e
+o%es of ;1/)1 +at*hes.
4. Che*? for interferen*es fro+
%igita' %e.i*es aroun% ;1/)1.
5. Che*? ,hether the *'o*?
signa's are nor+a'.
&&C25 'in? error )his a'ar+ is *ause% 0- that the &&C25
signa'ing 'in? is unsu**essfu''- esta0'ishe% or
&ee the han%'ing suggestions for
;1 fau'ts.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 11

Internal
the &&C25 signa'ing fro+ the re+ote en% is
not re*ei.e% ,ithin a *ertain (erio%. )hen the
&&C25 'in? ,ou'% 0e 0ro?en off! an% this
a'ar+ is re(orte%.
631 grou( in
nonGo(erating
+o%e
1fter the 631 grou( is su**essfu''-
*onfigure%! if 631 re+ains in nonGo(erating
+o%e for o.er 1s! then this a'ar+ is re(orte%.
&ee the han%'ing suggestions for
;1 fau'ts.
Current'-! so+e sites are *onfigure% ,ith 65 trans+ission. )herefore! the a'ar+ of
KDa*? ;thernet e'e*tri*a' signa'sK a'so shou'% 0e han%'e% on site.
(&"&/ Call Drops Caused !y $G0(G Interopera!ility
1. 2(ti+i/ation of 2" neigh0or *e''s *onfigure% for 3" *e''s
6f the 2" *e''s are *ongeste%! or interfere%! then the su**ess rate of 3" GL 2"
han%o.ers is 'o,. During the neigh0or *e'' o(ti+i/ation! this ?in% of neigh0or *e''s
+ust 0e re+o.e% fro+ the 'ist.
2. 5ara+eters +ust 0e refine% 0ase% on %ifferent s*enarios.
)o i+(ro.e 3"GL2" han%o.er su**ess rate! the (ara+eters +ust 0e %etai'e% ('anne%
0ase% on %ifferent s*enarios.
3. Co+(ati0i'it- of 9;s
)he 2"GL3" han%o.ers of so+e *e''s are s'o,. )his is 0e*ause so+e s+ugg'e% 3"
han%sets ha.e so+e %iffi*u'ties in su((orting the 2" net,or?.
4. 2"/3" %ata s-n*hroni/ation
)o su((ort 2"/3" han%o.ers! the 2"/3" *e''s +ust 0e *onfigure% as the neigh0or *e''s
for ea*h other first'-. 6f the *e'' infor+ation is u(%ate% ti+e'-! then the han%o.er ,ou'%
fai' an% *e'' rese'e*tion *annot 0e (erfor+e%. )herefore! the %ata of 2"/3" net,or?
shou'% 0e s-n*hroni/e% ti+e'-.
(&"&1 Call Drops Caused !y t*e System
6f the a'ar+ is not *ause% 0- the *auses 'iste% in the a0o.e se*tion! then it +a- 0e
*ause% 0- the s-ste+. ou nee% to *he*? the a'ar+ infor+ation of the e@ui(+ent an%
s-ste+ 'ogs to further ana'-/e reasons that *ause *a'' %ro(s. 8or e$a+('e! an a0nor+a'
No%e= ,ou'% 'ea% to the s-n*hroni/ation fai'ures! ,hi*h ,ou'% 'ea% to fre@uent
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 12

Internal
re+o.a' an% a%%ition of ra%io 'in?s! an% then *a'' %ro(s +a- ha((enI *a'' %ro(s *ause%
0- (oor DD signa's +a- 0e 0e*ause of a0nor+a' 48 +o%u'e! an% *a'' %ro(s *ause% 0-
that the 9; fai's to re(ort the +easure+ent re(ort ;.ent 11.
6t shou'% 0e note% that in +an- foreign *ountries! the )# en.iron+ent is 0a% an%
unsta0'e. )herefore! inf'uen*es of *a'' %ro(s *ause% 0- )# (ro0'e+ are huge.
(&$ Analying Call Drops !y DT
)he fo''o,ing figure %es*ri0es the f'o, *hart for using D) an% CQ) to test *a'' %ro(s.
Figure % Flo! chart to test call drops by &T
1. Ca'' %ro( %ata
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 13

Internal
)he *a'' %ro( %ata refers to the CN) test %ata an% 4NC signa'ing tra*ing %ata.
2. Ca'' %ro( s(ots
9se CN1 to ana'-/e the *a'' %ro(s to a*@uire the 'o*ation ,here *a'' %ro(s ha((en.
)hen a*@uire the fo''o,ing %ata: (i'ot %ata *o''e*te% 0efore an% after *a'' %ro(s! a*ti.e
set an% +onitoring set infor+ation *o''e*te% 0- the *e'' (hone! an% signa'ing f'o,.
3. &ta0i'it- of the (ri+ar- ser.ing *e''
)he sta0i'it- of the (ri+ar- ser.ing *e'' refers to its *hanges. 6f the (ri+ar- ser.ing *e''
is sta0'e! then ana'-/e 4&C5 an% ;*/6o. 6f the (ri+ar- ser.ing *e'' *hanges fre@uent'-!
then the han%o.er (ara+eters shou'% 0e *hange% to a.oi% the (ingG(ing effe*t.
4. 4&C5 an% ;*/6o of the (ri+ar- ser.ing *e''
Che*? the 4&C5 an% ;*/6o of the o(ti+a' *e''! an% then
Fhen the 4&C5 is 0a%! the *o.erage is (oor.
Fhen the 4&C5 is nor+a'! ,hi'e the ;*/6o is 0a%! (i'ot (o''ution or DD
interferen*e e$ists.
Fhen 4&C5 an% ;*/6o are 0oth nor+a'! if *e''s in the a*ti.e set of the
9; are not the o(ti+a' *e''s B,hi*h *an 0e *he*?e% through ('a-0a*? of %ataC!
then the *a'' %ro(s +a- 0e *ause% 0- +isse% neigh0or *e'' or unti+e'-
han%o.ersI if *e''s in the a*ti.e set of the 9; are the o(ti+a' *e''s! then *a''
%ro(s +a- 0e *ause% 0- 9D interferen*es or a0nor+a' *a'' %ro(s.
5. 4e(ro%u*ing of (ro0'e+s ,ith D)
&in*e -ou *annot *o''e*t a'' ne*essar- infor+ation 0- one D)! then +u'ti('e D)s sha''
0e (erfor+e% to *o''e*t suffi*ient %ata. 6n a%%ition! +u'ti('e D)s *an a'so he'( to
as*ertain ,hether the *a'' %ro( is ran%o+ or a',a-s ha((ens at the sa+e s(ot.
"enera''-! if *a'' %ro(s a',a-s ha((en at the sa+e s(ot! this (ro0'e+ +ust 0e so'.e%! or
if *a'' %ro(s ha((en ran%o+'-! +u'ti('e D)s +ust 0e (erfor+e% to fin% inner reasons.
(&( Analying Call Drops !y Tra%%i# Statisti#s
Fhen ana'-/ing the traffi* statisti*s! *he*? the *a'' %ro(s in%e$ on the 4NC first'- to
'earn the o(erating status of the ,ho'e net,or?. 3ean,hi'e! a *e''G0-G*e'' ana'-sis *an
0e (erfor+e% to a*@uire the %etai'e% *a'' %ro( in%e$es of ea*h *e''. During the ana'-sis!
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 14

Internal
the traffi* statisti* ana'-/ing too' *an 0e use% to ana'-/e the *a'' %ro( situations of
%ifferent ser.i*es an% the (ossi0'e *auses.
1*@uire %ata a0out *e''s ,ith a0nor+a' <56s through the traffi* statisti*s. 6f <56s of
these *e''s use% to 0e nor+a'! then the a0nor+a' <56s +a- 0e 0rought 0- soft,are
.ersion! har%,are! trans+ission! antenna! or %ata! then -ou *an *he*? these as(e*ts
0ase% on the a'ar+s. 6f no o0.ious a0nor+a' *e''s e$ist! the statisti*s *an 0e *'assifie%
0ase% on the *arrier in ea*h se*tor! then *e''s ,ith (oor <56s *an 0e s*reene% out.
8urther ana'-/e the traffi* statisti*s of these *e''s! su*h as ana'-/ing +ore re'ate% <56s!
su*h as ana'-/ing %ata at a shorter inter.a'! or ana'-/ing <56s that are +ore 'i?e'- to
*ause *a'' %ro(s! su*h as han%o.er. 3ean,hi'e! -ou *an ana'-/e the reasons for *a''
%ro(s 0ase% on s-ste+ 'ogs. During the ana'-sis! -ou shou'% *onsi%er the effe*t of
other <56s ,hen fo*using on a *ertain <56. 6t shou'% 0e s(e*ifie% that the resu't of
traffi* statisti*s is +eaningfu' on'- ,hen the traffi* .o'u+e rea*hes a *ertain a+ount.
8or e$a+('e! a 50J of *a'' %ro( rate %oes not +ean that the net,or? is 0a%. )his .a'ue
is +eaningfu' on'- ,hen the *a''ing nu+0er! su**ee% *a''ing nu+0er! *a'' %ro( ti+es
a'' +a?e statisti*a' signifi*an*es.
(&(&" Pro#edure o% 2PI Analysis
)he *o++on'- use% <56 ana'-sis +etho% is the )25 *e'' +etho%! ,hi*h +eans the to(
*e''s ,i'' 0e s*reene% out a**or%ing to *ertain in%e$! then these to( *e''s are o(ti+i/e%
an% then the to( *e''s are se'e*te% again. 1fter se.era' re(etitions! the re'ate% <56 *an
0e s(ee%i'- *on.erge%. 1t the initia' stage of net,or? *onstru*tion! there are fe,
su0s*ri0ers in the net,or?. 1t this stage! the <56s of +an- *e''s +ight 0e unsta0'e!
su*h as *a'' %ro( rate. ou *an *o''e*t the %ata in se.en %a-s or 'onger (erio%s! then
se'e*t the to( *e'' an% then (erfor+ the o(ti+i/ation. 8or e$a+('e! o(ti+i/ation of *a''
%ro( rate of C& ser.i*es. Fhen se'e*ting to( *e''s! -ou *an se'e*t the *e'' ,ith *a'' %ro(
nu+0ers e$*ee%ing the s(e*ifie% thresho'%! an% then arrange the (riorit- 0ase% on the
*a'' %ro( rate.
)he (ro*e%ures of to( *e'' se'e*tion are the sa+e as the (ro*e%ures of han%'ing in(ut
infor+ation fro+ other tea+ of engineers B*o+('ains or sing'e site a**e(tan*eC! an% are
sho,n in the fo''o,ing figure.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 15

Internal
Figure ' Flo! chart for top cell selection
(&(&$ 3asi# Met*ods to Analye 2PIs
(&(&$&" Speedily Colle#ting t*e ,ield Data
)o 'o*ate the (ro0'e+! -ou ha.e *o''e*t %ata fro+ +an- %ifferent s(ots 0et,een the 9;
an% the (%n ser.er. Fhi'e! s(ee%- an% a**urate *o''e*tion of the fie'% %ata is essentia'
to 'o*ate an% so'.e the (ro0'e+ an% to i+(ro.e the <56s. Data *o''e*tion *an 0e
%i.i%e% into +u'ti('e 'a-ers.
1. Co''e*ting 9; 'og! 4NC signa'ing! <56 %ata! a'ar+s! a0nor+a' (ro0es! an% (a*?et
*a(ture% at the 6u0 interfa*e
2. No%e= an% 4NC %e0ug 'og
&o+e *o++on s?i''s are re@uire% to *o''e*t %ata of the first 'a-er! an% the net,or?
o(ti+i/ation M +aintenan*e (ersonne' *an easi'- +aster these s?i''s. 1t (resent! +ost
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 17

Internal
fie'% @uestions *an 0e 'o*ate% through the %ata ana'-sis at this 'a-er. Co''e*tion of the
%e0ug 'og of the se*on% 'a-er shou'% 0e (erfor+e% or re+ote'- su((orte% 0- the
re'ati.e 4MD engineers. Data at this 'a-er *an he'( to so'.e so+e %ee( 'a-er (ro0'e+s.
)he fo''o,ing *ha(ter fo*uses on the %ata *o''e*tion too' an% +etho% for the first 'a-er
%ata! an% on'- gi.es a 0rief intro%u*tion to that of the se*on% 'a-er.
(&(&$&$ 4ealt* C*e#k o% Sites
8or sites ,here a'ar+s are re(orte%! -ou shou'% first (erfor+ the hea'th *he*? for the
site! ,hi*h +ain'- *o.ers the fo''o,ing as(e*ts:
1'ar+s
8re@uent'- a%%e% or re+o.e% *o++on trans(ort *hanne's
9D M DD (o,er
4a%io 'in? restore
=a'an*e 'e.e' 0et,een t,o antennas
&tatisti*s of ser.i*e fai'ures
)he 4D restore rate is sho,n 0- the No%e= *e'' +easure+ent re*or%e% 0- 53C as
sho,n in the fo''o,ing figure! an% is a**u+u'ate% sin*e the esta0'ish+ent of *e''s. 6f
the 4D restore rate of a *e'' is 'o,er than >0J! the *e'' is treate% as a0nor+a'! an% the
(ossi0'e *auses are as fo''o,s:
9D interferen*es
6nsuffi*ient *e'' ra%ius or o.ershooting
4euse of the sa+e 5&C
10nor+a' 9D 48 *hanne'
8or these (ossi0'e *auses! -ou +a- *he*? the+ *o+0ining other +easure+ent resu'ts
an% %ata ana'-sis.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 1:

Internal
Figure ( P$S cell performance measurement figure
(&(&( 2PI Analysis Tools
(&(&(&" Signal Tra#e
)his too' tra*es signa'ing of 4NC! -ou *an tra*e the signa'ing at the 6u! 6ur! 6u0! an% 9u
interfa*es! )ND signa'ing! an% 4ND signa'ing through this too'. )he +ost *o++on'-
use% +etho% to *he*? the <56s is to tra*e the 4ND signa'ing. )his too' is .er- usefu'!
an% *an tra*e the signa'ing on the 0asis of *e'' Btra*e signa'ing of +u'ti('e 9;sC an%
63&6 Btra*e signa'ing of one 9;C.
6t shou'% 0e e+(hasi/e% that signa'ing tra*ing 0- *e''s *an on'- tra*e the 9; that
initiates the *a'' fro+ this *e''. )he 9; *an 0e tra*e% as 'ong as it re+ains in the sa+e
4NC! e.en if it is han%e% o.er to other *e''s. Ao,e.er! if a 9; initiates the *a'' fro+
other *e''s an% then is han%e% o.er this *a''! an% its *a'' %ro( ha((ens in this *e''! it
*annot 0e tra*e%. )herefore! ,hen -ou tra*e the signa'ing of a *e'' ,ith high *a''G%ro(
rate! the signa'ing of *e''s in *'ose han%o.er re'ation ,ith this *e'' shou'% a'so 0e
tra*e%! then the resu't ,ou'% 0e +ore *o+(rehensi.e.
)he 4NC 4MD engineers a'so %e.e'o( a 4NC signa'ing tra*ing too'! Fin&ig1n! ,hi*h
*an +ar? the *a'' %ro( s(ots +ore *'ear'-.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 1>

Internal
(&(&(&$ )NC Asso#iation 5og
)his too' he'(s to re*or% the *onte$t of the a0nor+a' s-ste+ f'o,! an% then the *onte$t
,ou'% 0e *ounte% an% ana'-/e% to 'o*ate the net,or? (ro0'e+.
6t is usua''- use% ,hen the s-ste+ is a0nor+a' an% no 4NC signa'ing is tra*e%. 6t *an
he'( to 'o*ate the (ro0'e+ 0- the ti+e ,hen the s-ste+ e$*e(tion ha((ens. )he
e$*e(tion *an 0e @uerie% on the 0asis of 63&6 an% C;DD 6D.
(&(&(&( Node3 5MT
=esi%es a'' fun*tions of 23C=! No%e= Do*a' 3aintenan*e )er+ina' BD3)C *an a'so
(ro.i%e %etai'e% *e'' an% 9; infor+ation.
)he No%e= D3) *onsists of ;23&! ;83&! D3&! an% 53&.
(&(&(&+ Node3 .6#eption Pro!e
6n the fie'% of the FCD31 *o++er*ia' net,or?! this too' *an effe*ti.e'- he'( to
+onitor the o(erating status of the No%e=. Different +o%u'es of the No%e= ,ou'%
re*or% the infor+ation ,hen e$*e(tions ha((en! thus fa*i'itating the 'o*ation of
(ro0'e+s. Ao,e.er! s(e*ia'i/e% ?no,'e%ge is re@uire%. ou ha.e to un%erstan% the
fun*tions an% interfa*es of %ifferent 0oar%s. 6f the fie'% engineers *annot ana'-/e the
re(ort! the- *an si+('- sen% these %ata to the 4MD engineers.
)he e$*e(tion (ro0e re(orte% 0- %ifferent No%e=s *an 0e sa.e% on %ifferent 23C=
ser.ers 0ase% on the 4NC the- 0e'ong to. )hen! this too' ,ou'% %o,n'oa% the fi'e fro+
%ifferent 23C= 8)5! an% then ana'-/e the+.
(&(&(&- CTS
C)& is the too' for the CN! an% it *an 0e use% to (erfor+ %ee( signa'ing 0- 63&6.
9n'i?e &igna')ra*e! ,hi*h is a(('i*a0'e to the signa'ing tra*ing ,ithin one 4NC! C)&
*an (erfor+ the signa'ing tra*ing a*ross the 4NC 0or%er! )herefore! it is a(('i*a0'e to
the signa'ing tra*ing of V65s.
C)& *an tra*e the intera*ti.e signa'ing a+ong %ifferent N;s ,ithin the CN! an% *an
tra*e the signa'ing at the 6u an% 9u interfa*es! an% this is *a''e% %ee( tra*ing. )he
,or?ing (rin*i('es of C)& is as fo''o,s: 8irst esta0'ish an 63&6 tas? on C)& ser.er!
an% then sent this 63&6 tas? to the CN! ,hi*h is further sent to %ifferent +o%u'es
through the arrange% interfa*es! then ea*h +o%u'e *o''e*ts the signa'ing re'ate% to
63&6! an% then the *o''e*te% signa'ing is trans+itte% 0a*? to the C)& ser.er through
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 19

Internal
the CN. )he a0o.e interfa*es are a'' (ri.ate interfa*es! thus this too' on'- ,or? on Z);
CN an% 4NC.
(&(&(&/ U. 5og
D) is an i+(ortant +eans to ana'-/e <56s. 3an- (ro0'e+s! signa'ing tra*ing at the
net,or? si%e an% tra*ing of (ro0'e+s ,hi*h are har% to 0e 'o*ate%! *an 0e fina''-
'o*ate% after *o+0ining the 9; 'ogs. )he *o++on'- use% D) soft,are is
Q#D3/15;#BQC1)C! CN)/CN1! an% );3&.
(&+ )adio Parameters In'ol'ed During Optimiation
(&+&" )adio Parameters )elated wit* CS Call Drops
)i+e )o )rigger
)i+e )o )rigger is the inter.a' 0et,een the +o+ent that the e.ents B11! 1=! 1C! an%
1DC are +onitore% an% the +o+ent that the e.ents are re(orte%. )he setting of )))
,ou'% inf'uen*e ti+e'- han%o.er.
)he a%just+ent of han%o.er (ara+eters shou'% first ensure that this *e'' is o.er'a((e%
0- other *e''s! then -ou *an a%just the re'ate% ra%io (ara+eters to ensure that the ti+e
that the 9; (asses the han%o.er area is 'onger than the han%o.er %e'a- of the ,ho'e
s-ste+! thus ensuring the *ontinuit- of the ser.i*es. )he other is to ensure that the
han%o.er area as*ertaine% 0- the signa's an% ra%io (ara+eters *annot 0e too 'arge to
a.oi% the in*rease of han%o.er o.erhea% an% re%u*tion of resour*e uti'i/ation ratio.
8or areas ,here the signa's +a- *hange great'-! the trigger ti+e of ;.ent 11 +ust 0e
re%u*e%! an% that of ;.ent 1= +ust 0e in*rease%. 3ean,hi'e! the C62 of the
*orres(on%ing neigh0or *e''s shou'% 0e a%juste% so that ;.ent 11 *an ha((en ear'ier
an% ;.ent 1= ,ou'% ha((en 'ater! thus ensuring su**essfu' han%o.ers.
8or high,a-s! the *e''s are s(arse'- %istri0ute%. 6f the .ehi*'es %ri.e too @ui*?'- an%
*annot a**ess the ne, *e'' in ti+e! *a'' %ro(s ,ou'% ha((en. )he o(ti+i/ation is the
sa+e as that for the o(ti+i/ation for street *orners in %ense ur0an! ,hi*h is to +a?e
*e''s ,ith goo% signa's join the a*ti.e set s(ee%i'- to ensure *ontinuit- of ser.i*es.
8or the a%just+ent of the re'ate% (ara+eters! a ,ho'e ne, set of (ara+eters +ust 0e
assigne% to the target *e''.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 20

Internal
(&+&"&" Cell Indi'idual O%%set
)he su+ of the .a'ue of Ce'' 6n%i.i%ua' 2ffset BC62C an% the a*tua''- +easure% .a'ue
is use% in the e.a'uation of the e.ents of the 9;. )he 9; ,ou'% use the origina'
+easure+ent .a'ue of this *e'' ('us the C62 as the +easure+ent resu't for the intraG
fre@uen*- han%o.er ju%g+ent. C62 *an he'( to as*ertain the *e'' e%ge.
)he 'arger this (ara+eter is set! the easier the soft han%o.er ,i'' 0e! an% +ore 9;s ,i''
0e in soft han%o.er state. Ao,e.er! +ore resour*es are *onsu+e%. )his s+a''er is
(ara+eter is set! the +ore %iffi*u't the soft han%o.er is.
C62 is .a'i% on'- for the neigh0or *e''. 8or ;.ent 11! the C62 *an 0e set in the
neigh0or *e''I for ;.ent 1=! the C62 *an 0e set in the *e'' to 0e re+o.e%. )he for+u'a
is as fo''o,s:
8or+u'a of ;.ent 11 triggering:
C! 2 / B 10 C 1 B 10 10
1 1
1
a a Best
N
i
i New New
) R *ogM W M *og W C& *ogM
A
+

+

=
3
Ne,
is the +easure+ent of the toG0eGe.a'uate% *e''s that has entere% the re(ort range.
3
i
is the +ean +easure+ent resu't of *e''s Be$*'u%e the 0est *e''C in an a*ti.e set.
N
1
is the *urrent *e'' nu+0er Be$*'u%e the 0est *e''C in the a*ti.e set.
3
=est
is the +easure+ent resu't of the o(ti+a' *e'' in the a*ti.e set.
F is the ,eight (ro(ortion of the 0est *e'' to the rest *e''s in the a*ti.e set.
4
1a
is the re(orting range of ;.ent 11.
A
1a
is the re(orting h-steresis of ;.ent 11.
8or+u'a of ;.ent 1= triggering:
3
ne,
is the +easure+ent of the toG0eGe.a'uate% *e''s that has entere% the re(ort range.
3i is the +ean +easure+ent resu't of *e''s Be$*'u%e the 0est *e''C in an a*ti.e set.
N
1
is the *urrent *e'' nu+0er Be$*'u%e the 0est *e''C in the a*ti.e set.
3
=est
is the +easure+ent resu't of the o(ti+a' *e'' in the a*ti.e set.
F is the ,eight (ro(ortion of the 0est *e'' to the rest *e''s in the a*ti.e set.
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 21
1 1
1
10 10 B1 C 10 B / 2C!
A
N
ld ld i Best b b
i
*ogM C& W *og M W *ogM R )
=

+ + +

Internal
4
10
is the re(orting range of ;.ent 1=.
A
10
is the re(orting h-steresis of ;.ent 1=.
(&+&"&$ Start0Stop T*res*old %or Compressed Mode
Co+(resse% +o%e is fre@uent'- use% %uring interGfre@uen*- an% interG41) han%o.ers.
)he *o+(resse% +o%e is starte% 0efore the han%o.er! an% the s-ste+ *an use the ti+e
s'ot 0rought 0- *o+(resse% +o%e to (erfor+ the signa' @ua'it- test on the interG
fre@uen*- or interG41) neigh0or *e''s. 6n the *urrent s-ste+! the *o+(resse% +o%e is
starte% through ;.ent 2D! an% sto((e% through ;.ent 28. )he +easure+ent .a'ue of
4&C5 or ;*/6o *an 0e se'e*te%. Current'-! the %efau't .a'ue is 4&C5.
"enera''-! the @ua'it- an% other re'ate% infor+ation of the target *e'' BinterGfre@uen*-
or interG41)C +ust 0e a*@uire% for the *o+(resse% +o%e. 3ean,hi'e! the +o.ing of
the 9; ,ou'% 'ea% to the %eteriorate of the @ua'it- of the *e''! therefore! the start
thresho'% of the *o+(resse% +o%e shou'% satisf- the *on%ition that the 9; *an finish
the +easure+ent of the target *e'' an% re(ort for han%o.er 0efore *a'' %ro(s ha((ens.
8or the sto( thresho'%! it shou'% he'( to a.oi% the fre@uent start or sto( of *o+(resse%
+o%e.
6n %ense ur0an! the *ontinuous *o.erage of the 3" shou'% 0e ensure%! thus a.oi%ing
unne*essar- interG41) han%o.ers an% in*rease of s-ste+ 'oa%. 8or e%ges of the 3"
net,or? an% high,a-s! the 9;s shou'% 0e han%e% o.er to the 2" net,or? 0efore the
hea.- fa%ing. 9n%er this *on%ition! the trigger thresho'% of ;.ent 2D shou'% 0e raise%
so that the 9; *an initiate the *o+(resse% +o%e as ear'- as (ossi0'e.
(&+&"&( Ma6imum D5 T7 power o% t*e )adio 5ink
6f 'arge a+ounts of *a'' %ro(s ha((en %ue to *o.erage *auses! then the +a$i+u+ DD
)# (o,er of the ser.i*es *an 0e in*rease% a((ro(riate'-. Ao,e.er! this is at the ris?
that the 9;s at *e'' e%ges +a- *onsu+e too +u*h (o,er! an% then affe*t the other 9;s!
an% re%u*e the DD *a(a*it- of the s-ste+. 8or *e''s ,ith a great %ea' of a**ess fai'ures
*ause% 0- e$*essi.e 'oa%! this (ara+eter *an 0e set to a s+a'' .a'ue.
(&+&"&+ Inter8,re9uen#y0Inter8)AT 4ando'er T*res*old
)he 9; *an 0e han%e% o.er to the interG41)/fre@uen*- neigh0or *e''s ,hen the
+easure% .a'ue of the signa's fro+ these *e''s is higher than the thresho'%. )his
(ara+eter *an 0e set *o+0ining the start thresho'% of the *o+(resse% +o%e. 6f this
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 22

Internal
(ara+eter is *onfigure% ,ith a 'itt'e .a'ue! then the han%o.er *an 0e triggere% ear'-. 6f
this (ara+eter is *onfigure% ,ith a 'arge .a'ue! then the han%o.er ,i'' 0e (ro'onge%.
(&+&$ Timer and Counter )elated wit* Call Drop
)he fo''o,ing ta0'e 'ists the ti+er an% *ounter re'ate% to the 9;.
Table " Timer and counter related to the )E
Na+e Des*ri(tion Va'ue 4ange Defau't
Va'ue
T"1
Conne*te%
)312 in *onne*te% +o%e! an% in%i*ates the
ti+e that 9; ,aits fro+ the s-n*hroni/ation
in%i*ator fro+ D1 ,hen it starts to esta0'ish
the D5CCA.
B1..15Cs 1s
*"1
Conne*te%
)312 in *onne*te% +o%e! an% in%i*ates the
nu+0er of s-n*hroni/ation in%i*ator that the
9; re*ei.e% fro+ D1 0efore the D5CCA is
esta0'ishe%.
B1! 2! 4! 10! 20! 50!
100! 200! 400! 700!
>00! 1000C
1
)313 6n%i*ates the ,aiting ti+e of the 9; in
C;DDEDCA state after the D5CCA *hanne' is
esta0'ishe%.
B0..15Cs 3s
N313 6n%i*ates the nu+0er of +a$i+u+ nu+0er of
out of s-n* in%i*ators that the 9; re*ei.es
fro+ D1.
B1! 2! 4! 10! 20! 50!
100! 200C
20
)314 &tart: Fhen the *riteria for ra%io 'in? fai'ure
are fu'fi''e%. )he ti+er is starte% if ra%io
0earerBsC that are asso*iate% ,ith )314 e$ist or
if on'- 44C *onne*tion e$ists on'- to the C&
%o+ain.
B0! 2! 4! 7! >! 12! 17!
20Cs
4s
)315 &tart: Fhen the *riteria for ra%io 'in? fai'ure
are fu'fi''e%. )he ti+er is starte% if ra%io
0earerBsC that are asso*iate% ,ith )314 e$ist or
if on'- 44C *onne*tion e$ists on'- to the C&
%o+ain.
B0!10! 30! 70! 1>0!
700! 1200! 1>00Cs
30s
N315 6n%i*ates the +a$i+u+ nu+0er of
s-n*hroni/ation in%i*ators that the 9;
re*ei.e% fro+ D1 after )313 is a*ti.ate%.
B1! 2! 4! 10! 20! 50!
100! 200! 400! 700!
>00! 1000C
1
)309 6n%i*ates the ,aiting ti+e of the 9; after
sen%s the interG41) han%o.er re@uests.
B1..>Cs 3s
)his %o*u+ent *ontains (ro(rietar- infor+ation of Z); Cor(oration an% is not to 0e %is*'ose% or use%
e$*e(t in a**or%an*e ,ith a(('i*a0'e agree+ents. 23