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Lesson 12- PSA, 5n2esti*ate ho6 the rate o% a reaction chan*es 6ith tem$erature
!e)uirements
6 thermometer#'12
2
" to 112
2
"%
6 :22 cm
0
beaker #$or use as a water bath%
6 -.2 cm
0
conical $lask
6 .2 cm
0
measuring cylinder
6 12 cm0 measuring cylinder
6 2.-. mol dm
'0
sodium thiosul$ate solution #or :2 g dm
'0
%
6 -.2 mol dm
'0
hydrochloric acid
6 stopwatch
6 test tube
6 clamp and stand
6 tripod, gau9e and heat'proo$ mat
6 plain paper marked with a cross
6 graph paper
Lesson 13-#nthal$y o% combustion o% alcohols.
(oggles
*ench mat
Stand, boss, clamp
Thermometer #'1 to.1
2
"%
122cm
0
measuring cylinder
Steel can
Digital balance - dp
ccess to spirit burners containing; alcohols.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n
"aution with $lammable li)uids, burn in spirit burners. Methanol labelled toxic.
Lesson 1&-0eterminin* the enthal$y o% a reaction
(oggles
*ench mat
Stand, boss, clamp
-. cm
0
pipette
pipette $iller
Polystyrene cup with lid.
/eighing bottle
Thermometer
Digital balance
Stop watch
1.2 M copper #<<% sulphate solution.
=inc powder.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
Lesson 1'-Pre$aration o% ethanal %rom ethanol PSA.
*ench mats, boiling tubes, test tubes, deli&ery tube and bung, -.2cm
0
beaker, teat pipettes, bosses and clamps,
weighing bottles, digital balance, anti'bumping granules, ethanol, sodium dichromate #><%, 1M sulphuric acid.
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
(eneral ha9ards associated with organic practicals.
ssume all organics are toxic and $lammable'keep away $rom *unsen burner.
"aution heating ethanol as it may o&er boil.
Sulphuric acid is an irritant.
"onsult "leapss.
Testin* ethanal
- M sodium hydroxide, 1M ammonia, 2.. M sodium carbonate, sil&er nitrate solution, $ehlings and *, uni&ersal
indicator solution
Risk assessment-7rite o6n
/hen doing sil&er mirror test'do not allow the mixture to stand because it sometimes $orms dangerously
explosi&e sil&er salts.
Sodium hydroxide corrosi&e.
Fehlings solution'toxic.
"onsult "leapss.
Lesson 1,-8+iation o% ethanol to ethanoic aci.PSA.
(oggles
*ench mat
Test tubes Test tube rack 5
?uick $it apparatus
-.2cm
0
beaker
Teat pipettes
*unsen burner
- x retort stands boss and clamps.
Tripod and gau9e
*alance
nti bumping granules
@thanol
Sodium dichromate #><%
2..M sodium carbonate solution
Ani&ersal indicator
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
(eneral ha9ards associated with organic practicals.
ssume all organics are toxic and $lammable'keep away $rom *unsen burner.
"aution heating ethanol as it may o&er boil.
"onsult "leapss.
Lesson 1. 8r*anic tests PSA/
!e)uirements
6 ethanol
6 ethanal or propanal
6 cyclohexene
6 1'bromobutane
6 dilute ethanoic acid #- mol dm'0%
6 small pieces o$ metallic sodium under petroleum ether #a beaker o$
ethanol should be a&ailable on the $ront bench $or sa$e disposal o$ any
excess sodium%
6 FehlingBs solution
6 FehlingBs solution *
6 bromine water
6 sodium carbonate solution
6 sodium hydrogencarbonate solid
6 sodium hydroxide solution
6 sil&er nitrate solution
6 dilute nitric acid
6 -.2 cm0 beaker
6 anti'bumping granules
6 test tubes and a test tube holder
6 thermometer #'12 o" to 112 o"%
"entres may choose to use TollensB reagent rather than FehlingBs solution to test $or
an aldehyde, whether or not they are planning to ha&e the students undertake PSC.
"entres who choose to use TollensB reagent MAST instruct students to prepare this
reagent in situ as desctibed in PSC
Lesson 1/ 5enti%yin* inor*anic com$ouns.
Solid samples o$;
"alcium carbonate.
Sodium oxide.
Sodium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium iodide.
Sodium sulphide.
=inc metal.
Sodium sulphate.
Test tubes and racks.
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Ani&ersal indicator solution
Potassium dichromate paper
Filter paper
*arium chloride solution
Dilute nitric acid
Sil&er nitrate solution
Dilute ammonia
"onc ammonia
Lesson 19--olecular mass o% a soluble base-o$tional
Heat re)uired amount o$ sodium carbonate #Da
-
"E
0
% to dri&e o$$ water o$ crystallisation. @ither; heat in an
e&aporating dish o&er a *unsen burner $or 02 minutes approx., or heat in a drying o&en at about 112o" $or 1 hour.
gitate the solid periodically with a clean glass rod. Trans$er to a desiccator a$ter heating, and label it FSubstance
= ' Harm$ulF.
)are; Ase tongs and eye protection. *eware o$ hot solid and apparatus. Sodium carbonate $orms caustic alkaline
solutions with waterG i$ spilt on skin wash with plenty o$ water.
Top pan digital balances #minimum o$ two i$ possible%.
/eighing bottles.
Sodium carbonate approx -g per student.
De'ionised water.
2.122M hydrochloric acid5 llow -22cm0 per student.
Methyl orange indicator solution.
(oggles
122cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
beaker, -.2cm
0
conical $lask.
-.cm
0
bulb pipette, Pipette $iller.
(raduated $lasks.
*urette.
*urette stand and holder
Plastic $ilter $unnel, white tile, teat pipette
Risk assessment-7rite o6n re%er to )lea$ss
Lesson 20-9une 200& e+am $a$er-o$tional
Resources
Test tubes and racks.
Dropping pipettes.
/ash bottle 4 distilled water.
Sil&er nitrate solution o$ concentration 2.2. mol dm
'0
hydrochloric acid concentration -.2 mol dm
'0
Magnesium sulphate solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
Sodium chromate #><% solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled
*arium chloride solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled *
Lead #<<% nitrate solution o$ concentration 2.1 mol dm
'0
labelled ".
Potassium iodide solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled D
Sodium carbonate solution o$ concentration 2.- mol dm
'0
labelled @.
Risk assessment1
Students assume all solutions are toxic and corrosi&e.