Chapter 1

Amplitude Modulation
1

1

01. Ans: (d)
Sol:
(

+ =
2
1 P P
2
C T

5 . 0 1
400
600
2
2
= =

1
2
1
2
2
= =

02. Ans: (b)
Sol:
|
|
.
|
\
|

+ = =
2
1 P kW 10 P
2
C T

For =0.6, kW 47 . 8
18 . 1
10
P
C
= =

03. Ans: (c)
Sol: Assuming single tone modulation, total
power
|
|
.
|
\
|

+ =
2
1 P P
2
C T
.
For =0, P
T
=P
C
and for =1,
P
T
=1.5P
C
.

04. Ans: (c)
Sol: =1 given
P
t
=P
C
(

+
2
1
2

P
t
=
2
3
P
C
=1.5P
C

05. Ans (c)
Sol:
C t
I I
1
=

1 2
t t
I
100
115
I =

2
1 I I
2
C t
2
+ =

2
1 I I
2
t t
1 2
+ =

2
1
100
115
2
2
=
|
.
|
\
|

=0.803

06. Ans: (b)
Sol:
(t) m K 1
(t) m K
) ( Efficiency
2 2
a
2 2
a
+
=
Where, (t) m
2
mean square value of m(t)
K
a
=Amplitude sensitivity
m(t) square wave

2
m
2
A (t) m =
100
A K 1
A K
%
2
m
2
a
2
m
2
a
+
=
] A K [ 100
1
%
m a
2
2
=
+
=
Maximum value of =1
% 50 100
1 1
1
% =
+
=

07. Refer Solution no: 4

08. Ans: (c)
Sol: s(t) =
(
+ t sin
2
1
t cos
2
1
1
2 1
cos t
c

cos t
c
+
4
1
| | t cos . t cos 2
1 c

4
1
| | t sin . t cos 2
2 c

A
m
A
m
m(t)

LEVEL 1 (Solutions)
ACE Engineering Publications (A unit of ACE Engg. Academy Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Tirupati, Delhi, Bhubaneswar, Bangalore, Pune &Chennai)
(Copyrights Reserved)
2 Electronics & Communication Engg. ACE

P
SB
=1/8
P
T
=P
c
+P
SB
=
2
1
+
8
1
=5/8
Power efficiency =
T
SB
P
P
100=20

09. Ans: (a)
Sol: Total modulation indices
2
2
2
1
2
t
+ = =0.3
2
+0.4
2
=0.25
Total power P
t
=P
C
(

+
2
1
2
t

=10 10
3

(
+
2
25 . 0
1 =11.25kW

10. Ans: (a)
Sol: Efficiency ()
= % 11 . 11 100
5 . 0 2
5 . 0
100
2
2
2
2
=
+
=
+

11. Ans: (d)
Sol: Following frequency will be present in the
output 1000 0.3 =1000.3 kHz and 999.7
kHz and 10002 =1002 kHz and 998 kHz

12. Ans: (d)
Sol: 2 f
m
=
c
f
100
1

f
c
=200 f
m

=200 10 k
=2 MHz

13. Ans: (d)
Sol: The given equation is compared with
| | t f 2 cos t f 2 cos 1 A
c m C
+
Where A
C
=2
=0.4
f
m
=3 K
f
c
=1 M

5 6
c
10
2
10
10
2
1
f = =
=510
5

f
c
=500 K
2f
m
=6000
f
m
=3 K

Given cutoff frequency of ideal low pass
filter i.e. f
c
=8 K
So the spectral components at the output
of the LPF are 3 KHz & 6 KHz.

14. Ans: (a)
Sol: 33 . 0
5 10
5 10
E E
E E
min max
min max
=
+
=
+
=

15. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given equation is compared with
( ) ( ) t f f 2 cos
2
A
t f 2 cos A
m c
C
c C

+
( ) ( ) t f f 2 cos
2
A
m c
c
+
+
f
c
=2000 Hz, f
c
f
m
=1800 Hz
f
m
=200 Hz
and P
c
=200 W and =0.2

2
2
2 +
=

2
2
2
2 . 0
+
=

2 2
2 . 0 4 . 0 = +
0.4 =0.8
2

707 . 0
2
1
2
1
2
= = =

16. Ans: (d)
Sol: from the equation above
200
2
A
P
2
c
C
= =
400 A
2
c
= A
c
=20 =M
and N =
2
A
C

2 2
1
2 M
N
=
=
07 . 7
2
10
2 2
20
2 2
M
N = = = =

f
c
=8 K
0
ACE Communications Postal Coaching Solutions. 3

17. Ans: (a)
Sol: given P
c
= 1000
R 2
A
2
c
=
1000
500 2
A
2
c
=
A
c
=
6
10
A
c
=10
3

18. Ans: (c)
Sol: given 6 . 0 =
A
max
=A
c
(1+)
=10
3
(1+0.6)
=10
3
(1.6) =1600V
A
min
=A
c
(1)
=10
3
(10.6) = 400V

19.
Sol: Given A
max
=110V and A
min
=90V

2
A A
A
min max
C
+
=
100
2
200
2
90 110
= =
+
=

min max
min max
A A
A A
+
=
1 . 0
200
20
90 110
90 110
= =
+
=
The amplitude of each sideband is

No option is correct

20. Ans: (a)
Sol: s(t) =10 m(t) cos (2 x 10
6
t)
m(t) =[1 +0.5 cos (210
3
t) +0.4 cos
2 (10 10
3
) t +0.3 cos 2(2010
3
) t]

It contains 7 spectral components
Hence option 1 is not true
2. BW =22010
3

=4010
3

=40 K
Option 2 is true
3. ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
t
3 . 0 4 . 0 5 . 0 + + =
707 . 0 5 . 0 = =
Option 3 is true
4. % 20
2
2
t
2
t
=
+
=
Option 4 is not true

21. Ans: (d)
Sol: ( ) ( ) | | ( ) t 40 cos t m 20 t s + =
| | t 4 cos 2 t 2 cos 4 24 + + =

(
+ + = t 4 cos
12
1
t 2 cos
6
1
1 24
Here
12
1
,
6
1
2 1
= =

2
2
2
1 t
+ =
0347 . 0
12
1
6
1
2 2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|

=0.18

22. Ans: (d)
Sol: The power of the AM signal is

(

+ =
2
1 P P
2
t
C t

( ) ( )
(
+ =
2
18 . 0
1
2
24
2 2

=292.66 ~ 293 W

2
A
c

4
1 . 0 100
4
A
c

=
=2.5V
f
c
f
m
f
c
f
c
+f
m
1220 1200 1180
f
c

f
c
+f
m1 f
c
+f
m2
f
c
+f
m3 f
c
f
m3
f
c
f
m2
f
c
f
m1
4
1
c
A

4
3
c
A

2
c
A

4
1
c
A

4
2
c
A

4
3
c
A

4
2
c
A

1.


23. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given equation is compared with

| | t f 2 cos t f 2 cos t f 2 cos 1 A
3
m 3 2 m 2 1 m 1 c
+ + +
so A
C
=10,
1
=0.5 ,
2
=0.8,
3
=
0.9
f
m1
=1K, f
m2
=10K, f
m3
=20K and given
f
c
=1M
The band width of the signal
=2(maximum frequency)
=2(20K) =40 kHz

24. The power taken by the component 990
kHz is
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 30

24. Ans: (a)
Sol:

8 . 0
K 990
K 10 ) (
K 1000

Power taken by the component
990 kHz =
( )
8
8
8 . 0 10
8
A
2 2 2
2
2
C
=

25. Ans: (a)
Sol: 50
2
100
2
0
2
A
P
2 2
c
C
= =
1
= =
2
3
2
2
2
1 t
+ + =

2 2 2
t
9 . 0 8 . 0 5 . 0 + + =
3 . 1 =

|
|
.
|
\
|

+ =
2
1 P P
2
t
C t

( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
2
3 . 1
1 50
2

= 92.25

P
SB
=P
t
P
c
=42.25
P
USB
=P
LSB
=21.125
The ratio 2289 . 0
25 . 92
125 . 21
P
P
t
USB
= =

26. Ans: (a)
Sol:
|
|
.
|
\
|

+ =
2
1 P P
2
t
C t

( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
2
3 . 1
1 50
2

= 92.25

27. Ans: (c)
Sol:
2
3
2
2
2
1 t
+ + =

2 2 2
t
9 . 0 8 . 0 5 . 0 + + =
3 . 1 =
459 . 0
2
2
t
2
t
=
+
=

28. Ans: (c)
Sol: S(t) =A
C
[1 +K
a
m(t)] cos
c
t
K
a
m(t) >1
Envelope is |A
C
(1 +K
a
m(t))|

29. Ans: (b)
Sol: The Time constant RC >T
c
(=1/f
c
)
and RC <T
m
(=1/f
m
).
Since f
c
=1MHz, RC >1 sec,
and f
c
=2 KHz, RC <500 sec

30. Ans: (a)
Sol: V(t) =A
c
.cos
c
t +2 cos
m
t . cos
c
t.
Comparing this with the AMDSBSC signal
A cos
c
t +m(t).cos
c
t, it implies that
m(t) =2cos
m
t E
m
=2
To implement Envelope detection,
A
c
E
m

(A
c
)
min
=2

31. Ans: (c)
Sol: x(t) =5(1 +2 cos 200t) cos(2000t)
compare with standard single tone AM
x(t) =A
C
(1 + cos 2f
m
t) cos 2f
c
t
=2
For >1 only synchronous demodulator
is used to demodulate the signal.

32. Ans: (a)
Sol: To avoid diagonal clipping RC <
W
1


33. Ans: (c)
Sol: =5 sec
f =
5
10
10 5
1 1
6
6
=

5
5
10 2
5
10 10
=
=
=200k =0.2M

34. Ans: (b)
Sol: An Envelope detector is a diode half wave
rectifier followed by an RC-low pass
detector. The output of the detector
represents the envelope of the incoming
high frequency signal. It is used for FSK
signals.
Envelope detector also called as non
synchronous detector

35. Ans: (d)

36. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given P
c
=400 W and R =50
=0.8
The power developed across the load is

(

+ =
2
1 P P
2
C t

( )
(
+ =
2
8 . 0
1 400
2

| | W 528 32 . 1 400 = =

01. Ans: (a)
Sol: =1, at 100% modulation in spectrum
analyzer the amplitude of upper and lower
frequencies are each equal to one half the
amplitude of carrier |
.
|
\
|
2
A
C
(or) 6 dB
power 6 dB means (3dB + 3dB) =
2
1
.
2
1
=
2
1
(half of carrier amplitude)

02. Ans (b)
Sol: S(t) =10cos210
6
t +8cos2510
3
tcos210
6
t

S(t) =0.8 10cos210
6
t
+0.58cos25000tcos210
6
t
=8(1+ t 5000 2 cos
8
4
)cos210
6
t
=
8
4
=
2
1
=0.5
S(t) =10cos210
6
t+0.58cos25000tcos210
6
t
=8(1+
8
4
cos25000t)cos210
6
t
=
8
4
=
2
1
=0.5

03.
Sol: f
C
=1 MHz =1000 kHz
The given m(t) is symmetrical square
wave period T =100 /sec
f
m
=
0
T
1
=10 kHz

LEVEL 2 (Solutions)
Tuned ckt
Tuned ckt
Carrier message
=1 MHz +5 kHz
Gain =0.5
Gain =0.8
Carrier =1 MHz
=?
0.5
f
C
f
m
f
C
f
c
+f
m

0.5
0.8
2
A
C
=4
4
A
C
=0.5
100sec

This frequencies 980k, 1020k are not
present because the symmetrical square
wave it consists of half wave symmetrices
only odd harmonics are present, even
harmonics are dismissed

04.
Sol: m(t) =sinC(200t)sinc
2
(1000t)
=sinc(200t)sinc(1000t)sinc(1000t)

BW =2 1100
BW =2200 Hz

05. Ans: (a)
Sol: P(t) =u(t) u(t1)

g(t) =P(t) *P(t) =

=

X(t) =100(P(t) +0.5g(t))cos
c
t
=100(1+0.5t)cos
c
t
=A
c
(1+K
a
m(t))cos
c
t
K
a
=0.5, m(t) =t
=k
a
[m(t)]
max

=0.5 1 =0.5
06. Ans (c)
Sol: m(t) =2cos(2f
m
t)
C(t) =A
c
cos(2f
c
t)
AM signal without over modulation?
a) X(t) = A
C
m(t)cos2f
c
t (not AM
signal)
b) X(t) A
C
[1+m(t)]cos2f
c
t ( =1 2
=2 Over modulation)
c) X(t) =A
c
[1 +
4
1
m(t)]cos2f
c
t, k
a
=
4
1
,
=
4
2
=0.5
d) Not an AM signal

07. Ans: (c)
Sol: m(t) =0.2 +0.6sin
1
t, k
a
=1, A
c
=100
S(t) =A
c
[10.2 +0.6sin
1
t]cos
c
t
=100[0.8 +0.6sin
1
t]cos
c
t
V
max
=A
c
[1 +] =100[0.8 +0.6] =140
V
min
=A
c
[1] =100[0.8 0.6] =20
=20V to 140 V

08. Ans: (a)
Sol: m(t) =2cos2f
1
t +cos2f
2
t
C(t) =A
c
cos2f
c
t

S(t) =[A
c
+m(t)]cos2f
c
t
S(t) =A
c
[1 +
C
A
1
m(t)]cos2f
c
t
K
a
=
c
A
1

A
m1
=2, A
m2
=1

1
=K
a
A
m1
=
C
A
2
,
2
=K
a
A
m2
=
C
A
1

=
2
2
2
1
+ 0.5 =
2
c
2
c
A
1
A
4
+
A
C
= 20

09. Ans: (d)
Sol: A
max
=10V
A
min
=5V
=0.1 V
f
c
3f
m

=970K

f
c
2f
m

=980K

f
c
f
m

=990K

f
c

=1000K

f
c
+f
m
1010K

f
c
+2f
m

=1020K

f
c
+3f
m

=1030K

500 500
0
500 0 500
100
0 100
1100
0 1100
=
P(t)
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1 2
g(t)
*

=
min max
min max
A A
A A
+
=
3
1
=0.33
A
C
=
2
A A
min max
+
=
2
5 10+
=7.5 V

Amplitude deviation A
C
=7.5
3
1
=2.5 V

2
=0.1 A
c2
2
=2.5
A
c2
=25 V
Which must be added to attain =17.5
Ans =17.5

10. Ans: (a)
Sol: The given signal can be AM-DSB-SC or
AM DSB Full carrier. If it is an AM
DSB SC, demodulation requires a local
signal of frequency 400 KHz. If it is AM
DSB FC, It can be demodulated by
using envelope detector.

11. Ans: (c)

12. Ans (d)
Sol: m(t) =(A
c
+A
m
cos
m
t)cos
c
t.
=A
c
(1 +
Ac
Am
cos
m
t)cos
c
t.
Given
A
c
=2A
m
=A
c
(1 +
2
1
cos
m
t)cos
c
t.
(
=
(
+ =
4
2
A
P
2
1
2
A
P
2 2
c
s
2
2
c
T

16
8
9
16
1
8
1
1
4
2
1
2
2
=
+
=
+
=
s
T
P
P

13. Ans (b)

Output of filter =A
c
cos(2f
c
t +90
0
)
=A sin (210
6
t)

Envelope detector detects only DC
component (A)

P
T
=18 P
s

A
m(t)=0
A
C
(1+)=A
C
+A
c

10V =7.5 +2.5
A
C
(1-)=A
C
-
A
C

5V =7.5 2.5
1
999K 1000k 1001K
90
0

ED

Chapter 1

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