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NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Introduction and Food Introduction and Food
Applications Applications
Dr. Magnuson Dr. Magnuson
bmagnuso@umd.edu bmagnuso@umd.edu
301 301- -405 405- -4523 4523
What is Nanotechnology? What is Nanotechnology?
Research and technology development at the Research and technology development at the
atomic or macromolecular levels, in the length atomic or macromolecular levels, in the length
scale of approximately 1 scale of approximately 1- -100 nm range. 100 nm range.
Creating and using structures, devices and Creating and using structures, devices and
systems that have novel properties and systems that have novel properties and
functions because of their small or intermediate functions because of their small or intermediate
size. size.
Ability to control or manipulate on the atomic Ability to control or manipulate on the atomic
scale scale
The Scale of Things The Scale of Things
1 nm 1 nm Aspirin molecule Aspirin molecule
2.5 nm 2.5 nm Width of DNA Width of DNA
100 nm 100 nm Virus Virus
1,000 nm 1,000 nm Bacterium Bacterium
7,000 nm 7,000 nm Red blood cell Red blood cell
50,000 nm 50,000 nm Width of hair Width of hair
Size Size Object Object
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Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
Definition Definition
the manipulation, precision the manipulation, precision
placement, measurement, placement, measurement,
modeling, or manufacture of sub modeling, or manufacture of sub- -
100 nanometer scale matter 100 nanometer scale matter
European Commission, 2001 European Commission, 2001
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
Importance Importance
At the At the nanoscale nanoscale, the physical, chemical, , the physical, chemical,
and biological properties of materials differ and biological properties of materials differ
in fundamental and valuable ways from the in fundamental and valuable ways from the
properties of individual atoms and properties of individual atoms and
molecules and of bulk matter. molecules and of bulk matter.
National Nanotechnology Initiative National Nanotechnology Initiative
http:// http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/whatIsNano.html www.nano.gov/html/facts/whatIsNano.html
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Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
Fundamental Differences Fundamental Differences
At At Nanoscale Nanoscale
Gold Gold
Is blue (no longer yellow) Is blue (no longer yellow)
It becomes catalytic It becomes catalytic
MP drops from 1200 degrees to 200 MP drops from 1200 degrees to 200
degrees degrees
Aluminum becomes combustible Aluminum becomes combustible
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
Definition Definition
Its like you can shrink a cat and Its like you can shrink a cat and
keep shrinking it, and then at keep shrinking it, and then at
some point, all at once it turns some point, all at once it turns
into a dog. into a dog.
National Geographic, June 2006 National Geographic, June 2006
Nanomaterials Nanomaterials
Multifunctional materials that interact with biological Multifunctional materials that interact with biological
systems in well controlled ways systems in well controlled ways
Broad class of materials that feed into multiple industries. Broad class of materials that feed into multiple industries.
Exhibit unique properties and functions because of their Exhibit unique properties and functions because of their
small size. small size.
Include such structures as: Include such structures as:
Carbon nanostructures Carbon nanostructures
Dendrimers Dendrimers
Metal oxides ( Metal oxides (FeO FeO, TiO2, , TiO2, ZnO ZnO) )
Quantum dots ( Quantum dots (CdSe CdSe) )
Some Some liposomes liposomes
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Carbon Nanostructures Carbon Nanostructures
Source of pure carbon (like graphite and Source of pure carbon (like graphite and
diamond). diamond).
Based on fullerene molecules which are closed Based on fullerene molecules which are closed
and convex cage molecules containing only and convex cage molecules containing only
hexagonal and pentagonal faces. hexagonal and pentagonal faces.
Examples of carbon nanostructures: Examples of carbon nanostructures:
Buckyballs Buckyballs
Nanotubes Nanotubes
Nanowires Nanowires
Nanowhiskers Nanowhiskers
Carbon Carbon Nanotubes Nanotubes and and Buckyballs Buckyballs
Carbon Carbon nanotubes nanotubes
elongated fullerenes. elongated fullerenes.
resemble graphite sheets resemble graphite sheets
wrapped into cylinders wrapped into cylinders
Length to width ratio is very Length to width ratio is very
high (few nm in diameter and high (few nm in diameter and
up to 1 mm in length) up to 1 mm in length)
Buckyballs Buckyballs
spherical fullerenes (C60 is spherical fullerenes (C60 is
most stable and symmetrical most stable and symmetrical
and resembles a soccer ball). and resembles a soccer ball).
named after architect R. named after architect R.
Buckminster Fuller . Buckminster Fuller .
1996 Nobel prize in Chemistry 1996 Nobel prize in Chemistry
awarded for their discovery. awarded for their discovery.
Some Properties of Carbon Some Properties of Carbon
Nanostructures Nanostructures
High tensile strength High tensile strength
Physically stable Physically stable
Chemically reactive with free radicals Chemically reactive with free radicals
Derivatives can be formed Derivatives can be formed
More hydrophilic than fullerenes More hydrophilic than fullerenes
New organic molecules can be generated New organic molecules can be generated
Other atoms can be placed inside its Other atoms can be placed inside its cage cage
(doping with alkali metals) (doping with alkali metals)
Superconducting properties Superconducting properties
Optical properties ( Optical properties (endohedral endohedral fullerenes) fullerenes)
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Several Several Nanocarbon Nanocarbon Structures Structures
Possible Applications in Drug Possible Applications in Drug
Development Development
Biologic Biologic nanodevices nanodevices
based on based on dendrimers dendrimers are are
being developed with the being developed with the
potential to : potential to :
Recognize Cancer cells Recognize Cancer cells
Diagnose cause of cancer Diagnose cause of cancer
Delivery of drug to target Delivery of drug to target
Report location of tumor Report location of tumor
Report outcome of therapy Report outcome of therapy
(cancer cell death) (cancer cell death)
( (http:// http://www.nano.med.umich.edu www.nano.med.umich.edu, ,
James Baker, Univ. of Michigan) James Baker, Univ. of Michigan)
Potential uses/benefits Potential uses/benefits
Improved uptake of poorly Improved uptake of poorly bioavailable bioavailable
nutrients or bioactive food compounds nutrients or bioactive food compounds
Enhance uptake of nutrients in Enhance uptake of nutrients in
individuals with absorption disorders individuals with absorption disorders
Alter Alter hydrophobicity/lipophilicity hydrophobicity/lipophilicity of of
nutritional fortifications nutritional fortifications
Improved stability and sensory qualities Improved stability and sensory qualities
of fortified food of fortified food
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Naturally occurring Naturally occurring
nanomaterials nanomaterials in foods in foods
Milk - lactose (0.5 nm), whey
proteins (4-6 nm), casein micelles
(50-300 nm), fat globules (300 nm)
Food additives: titanium dioxide,
aluminosilicates,
Lipid emulsions, vitamins, gels
Food applications of structured Food applications of structured
nanomaterials nanomaterials
Food Safety and Quality
Sensors with single molecule detection
capabilities (Nano-tongues and Nano-noses)
Preservative carrier systems
Food Processing
New membrane separation systems
Catalysts for hydrogenation, inter-
esterification
Food Packaging
Low permeability, high-strength plastics
High-performance edible packaging
Ingredient Technologies
Delivery systems for flavors, colors, bioactives
Examples of products Examples of products
A Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory
Displaying records 1-10 of 64 for food
Includes packaging, appliances, supplements
June 20, 2007
http://www.nanotechproject.org/44
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Nutralease Nutralease
http://www.nutralease.com/products.asp
patent pending Nano-sized Self-assembled Liquid Structures (NSSL)
vehicles are expanded micelles (~30 nm); fortifying nano-vehicles ( FNVs).
Co-enzyme Q10 (Ubiquinon)
Lutein
Lycopene
Phytosterol (sitosterol)
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Canola Active Canola Active
Nanocapsules in cooking oil to improve
bioavailability of nutraceuticals, for
example, plant sterols to reduce the bodys
absorption of cholesterol in the blood.
On market in Israel
Incorporates phytosterol from Nutralease
into canola oil
Shemen Industries Ltd
Aquanova Aquanova, Germany , Germany
Use nanotechnology to Use nanotechnology to
produce micelles produce micelles
to improve solubility of to improve solubility of
insoluble insoluble bioactives bioactives
to change water/fat to change water/fat
solubility of nutrients solubility of nutrients
Vitamins A, C, D, E, K Vitamins A, C, D, E, K
Coenzyme 10 Coenzyme 10
- -carotene, carotene, isoflavones isoflavones, ,
- -lipoic lipoic acid, omega acid, omega
fatty acids fatty acids
http://www.aquanova.de/
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http://www.aquanova.de/
Nano Nano- -tea tea
Nano Nano- -Green Tea Green Tea
Nano Nano- -Dark Dark- -Green Tea Green Tea
Nano Nano- -White Tea White Tea
Nano Nano- -Black Tea Black Tea
Nano Nano- -Yellow Tea Yellow Tea
Nano Nano- -Dark Tea Dark Tea
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich White Te Selenium Rich White Tea a
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich Dark Green Tea Selenium Rich Dark Green Tea
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich Black Tea Selenium Rich Black Tea
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich Green Tea Selenium Rich Green Tea
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich Yellow Selenium Rich Yellow Tea Tea
Nano Nano- -Selenium Rich Dark Tea Selenium Rich Dark Tea
http://www.369.com.cn/En/default.htm
NanoGreens NanoGreens
Ingredient list
Greens Blend (Proprietary) 2350 mg
Barley Grass Juice Powder*, Spirulina*, Chlorella (Japanese soft shell)
Phyto-Nutrient Blend (Proprietary) 325 mg
Blueberry, Green Tea Extract, Grape Seed Extract, Cranberry, Raspberry, Tart
Cherry, Pine Bark Extract, Broccoli, Tomato, Carrot, Spinach, Kale, Brussels
Sprout, Bilberry, Elderberry,Pomegranate, Blackberry
Isoquercitin/Rutin 50/50 160 mg
Raspberry Extract (20% Ellagic Acid) 50 mg
Fruit & Vegetable Blend 900 mg
Apple*, Carrot*, Mango*, Sweet Potato*, Lemon*, Parsley*, Peach*, Kale*,
Broccoli*, Spinach*, Leek*, Beet* , Cranberry* (Quinic Acid 6%)
Acerola Cherry Powder* (17.5% Ascorbic Acid) 175 mg
Rice Bran Soluble* 2500 mg
Aloe Vera Powder Extract* (100:1 freeze dried) 30 mg
Green Tea, White Tea (decaffeinated, 50% Polyphenol) 100 mg
Polygonum Cuspidatum (15% Resveratrol) 50 mg
Oat Beta Glucan* 2200 mg
Cinnamon Blend (Proprietary) 50 mg (Cinnamon Extract 8%, Cinnamon Bark Powder)
Milk Thistle (20% Silymarin) 50 mg
Marigold Extract (5% Lutein with Zeaxanthin) 50 mg
Dunaliella Salina (Natural Carotenoids) 100 mg
Enzymes (plant-based) 40 mg
Alpha Amylase, Bromelain, Cellulase, Galactosidase, Glucoamylase,
Hemicellulase, Lipase, Papain, Protease
Lecithin (non GMO) 1925 mg
Cabbage (Japanese, fermented) 30 mg
Lycopene Extract-10% (from tomato) 25 mg
Lemon Peel Powder* 25 mg
Quinoa Sprout* 90 mg
Artichoke Extract (5% Cynarin) 20 mg
Atlantic Kelp Powder* (Laminara Digitata) 20 mg
Natural flavors (plant-based), stevia, NanoSorb (phospholipids, lipid esters), citric acid.
http://www.biopharmasci.com
NanoGreens10 is
formulated with patented
"NanoSorb" which utilizes
nanosized vesicles that
spontaneously encapsulate
nutraceuticals to maximize
availability for absorption by
the small intestine!
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General concerns over General concerns over nanoscale nanoscale
versus versus microscale microscale materials materials
Higher exposure per unit mass Higher exposure per unit mass
Small size, large surface area, may result in increased ability Small size, large surface area, may result in increased ability to to
generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Routes of exposure may differ due to smaller size. Routes of exposure may differ due to smaller size.
E.g. olfactory transport, dermal penetration E.g. olfactory transport, dermal penetration
Different distribution to tissues by virtue of their different Different distribution to tissues by virtue of their different
size or surface coating/chemistry. size or surface coating/chemistry.
E.g. Inflammatory responses induced by fine and E.g. Inflammatory responses induced by fine and ultrafine ultrafine TiO2 TiO2
Novel property Novel property of of nanoscale nanoscale material material
may translate into a new mode of action. may translate into a new mode of action.
Nel et al., Science 2006
Sum Summary mary
Many potential applications of Many potential applications of
nanotechnology to food and food nanotechnology to food and food
processing processing
Safety of products must be assessed Safety of products must be assessed
Potential effects on environment and Potential effects on environment and
society are also under investigation at this society are also under investigation at this
time time