EGR 236 Properties and Mechanics of Materials Spring 2012

Lecture 07: Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members

Toda!
"" #o$e%or& 'uestions!
"" (e% Topics!
""Staticall )ndeter$inate Loads
"" *efor$ation E'uations
"" #o$e%or&! Read Section +,3 to +,-
.or& Pro/le$s fro$ 0hap +! +01 +31 -21 66
2ollo%ing toda3s class ou should /e a/le to!
"" /e a/le to deter$ine if a structure is staticall indeter$inate
"" %rite load"displace$ent relationships for indeter$inate structures,
"" sol4e static e'uili/riu$ and load"displace$ent e'uations
)ndeter$inate Loads
A staticall deter$inate structure is one where the equations of statics are
sufficient to calculate all the support reactions.
Known: P
n!nowns: "
Ax
# "
Ay
# "
$
%quations:
0
x
F

0
y
F

0 M

& un!nowns ' & equations: Statically determinate.

A staticall indeter$inate structure has extra constraints. (he equations of
static equilibrium are not enou)h to find all the support reactions.
Known: P
n!nowns: "
Ax
# "
Ay
# "
$x
# "
$y
%quations:

0
x
F

0
y
F

0 M

* un!nowns + & equations

(his is an example of a statically indeterminate structure.
P
P
P
2
56
2
5
2
7
P
2
56
2
5
2
7
2
76
Identify each of the followin) structures as statically determinate ,S.-..#
statically indeterminate ,S.I..# or insufficiently constrained ,I./...
Process!
P
P
P
P
P
P
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
S. -.# S. I.# or I. /.
In order to sol0e statically indeterminate problems# in addition to the static
equations# load deformation equations need to be found. 1ou will need one
additional load2deformation equation for each extra support reaction.
(he process for sol0in) a staticall indeter$inate pro/le$ can be identified
by the followin) steps:
3. -raw the "$-
4. 5ote the number of un!nowns
&. 6rite out the static equilibrium equations
*. Identify how many load2deformation equations are required.
7. 6rite load2deformation equations for each extra un!nown.
8. Sol0e the set of equations.
E6a$ple 1!
A structure made of a solid steel rod and a hollow brass cylinder is fixed
between two immo0able supports. (he plate between the materials is loaded
with 799 !5 as shown. -etermine the stress in each material and the
displacement of the plate at /.
%
steel
' 499 :Pa
%
brass
' 399 :Pa
Solution:
3. -raw the "$-
4. 5ote number
of un!nowns:
&. 6rite out
Static %quilibrium
%quation,s.
4m
3.7m
799 !5
Steel
$rass
-
Steel
'79 mm
-
$rass ;
' 399 mm
-
$rass I
' 79 mm
E6a$ple 1 continued!
E6a$ple 2!
A &9 !ip load is applied
to the end of the ri)id
beam A-.
a. determine the axial
stress set up in the
aluminum and stainless
steel wires.
b. determine the
displacement of end -.
Solution:
A
ss
' 3.<7in
4
A
al
' 4.47 in
4
Aluminum.
* ft lon)
4 ft
7 ft
& ft
Stainless
& ft lon)
- / $
A
P'&9 !ip
E6a$ple 3!
(he column is constructed from hi)h stren)th concrete and six A2&8 steeel
reinforcin) rods. If it is sub=ected to an axial force of &9 !ip# determine the
required diameter of each rod so that 3>* of the load is carried by the concrete
and &>* of the load by the steel.
%
st
' 4?999!si %
con
'*499!si
Solution:


@ in dia
& ft
&9 !ip
E6a$ple 1 Solution!
A structure made of a solid steel rod and a hollow brass cylinder is fixed
between two immo0able supports. (he plate between the materials is loaded
with 799 !5 as shown. -etermine the stress in each material and the
displacement of the plate at /.
%
steel
' 499 :Pa
%
brass
' 399 :Pa
Solution:
3. -raw the "$-
4. 5ote number
of un!nowns:
4 un!nowns:
&. 6rite out
Static %quilibrium
%quation,s.
0 F

500 0
steel brass
F F kN
*. Identify number of load2deformation equations needed.
number of un!nowns 2 number of equation ' additional equations needed
4 2 3 ' 3
7. 6rite out load2deformation equation,s.
%lon)ation of the steel ' compression of the brass

steel brass

or
%lon)ation of steel A %lon)ation of brass ' 5o o0erall chan)e of len)th

0
steel brass
+
where: and

steel steel
steel
steel steel
F L
E A


brass brass
brass
brass brass
F L
E A

4m
3.7m
799 !5
Steel
$rass
-
Steel
'79 mm
-
$rass ;
' 399 mm
-
$rass I
' 79 mm
799 !5
"
steel
"
$rass
8. Sol0e:

500 0
steel brass
F F kN
,%q. 3.


0
steel steel brass brass
steel steel brass brass
F L F L
E A E A
+
,%q. 4.
where L
st
' 4 m L
br
' 3.7 m
%
st
' 499 :Pa %
br
' 399 :Pa
2 2
2 3
(50 )
1963 0.001963
4 4
steel
D mm
A mm m


2 2 2 2
2 3
( ) ((100 ) (50 ) )
5890 0.005890
4 4
O I
brass
D D mm mm
A mm m


therefore:

2 2
(2 ) (1.5 )
(200 )(1963 ) (100 )(5890 )
steel brass
F m F m
GPa mm GPa mm

2
2
1.5 200 1963
0.5
2.0 100 5890
steel brass brass
m GPa mm
F F F
m GPa mm

puttin) into %q 3.

( 0.5 ) 500 0
brass brass
F F kN

1.5 500
brass
F kN


500
333
1.5
brass
kN
F kN

0.5 0.5(333 ) 167
steel brass
F F kN kN
so
2
2 9 2
(167 )(2 ) 1000 1000
1 (200 )(1963 ) 10 /
steel steel
steel
steel steel
F L kN m N GPa mm Pa
E A kN m GPa mm Pa N m

_


,

0.000849 0.849
steel
m mm

0.849
brass steel
mm
E6a$ple 2 Solution!
A &9 !ip load is applied
to the end of the ri)id
beam A-.
a. determine the axial
stress set up in the
aluminum and stainless
steel wires.
b. determine the
displacement of end -.
Solution: from table: %
al
' 39999 !si
%
ss
' 4?999 !si
"rom static equilibrium:

0
A
M

0 (3 ) (8 ) (30 )(10 )
B C
F ft F ft kip ft +

3 8 3000
B C
F F kip +
(wo un!nowns but only 3 equationB..3 deformation equation will be needed.
Assumin) a ri)id beam:
"rom similar trian)les:

C B D
AB AC AD
L L L



3 8 10
C B D


from axial deformation:

B ss
B
ss ss
F L
E A

and
C al
C
al al
F L
E A

therefore:

1 1
3 8
B ss C al
ss ss al al
F L F L
E A E A

3
8
al ss ss
B C
ss al al
L E A
F F
L E A

3 4 29000 2.25
1.86
8 3 10000 1.75
B C c
F F F
_ _ _


, , ,
Sol0in):

1.86
B c
F F
and
3 8 3000
B C
F F kip +

3(1.86 ) 8 3000
c C
F F kip +

13.6 3000
c
F kip

221
c
F kip

1.86(221 ) 411
B c
F kip kip

2 2
(411 )(3 )
0.0243
(29000 )(1.75 ) /
B
kip ft ksi
ft
ksi in kip in

so
10 10
(0.0243 ) 0.081
3 3
D B
ft ft
A
ss
' 3.<7in
4
A
al
' 4.47 in
4
Aluminum.
* ft lon)
4 ft
7 ft
& ft
Stainless
& ft lon)
- / $
A
P'&9 !ip
"
ax
"
ay
"
$
"
/
P'&9 !ip
7ft
4ft &ft
&
C
$
C
/
C
-
7 4
E6a$ple 3 Solution!
(he column is constructed from hi)h stren)th concrete and six a2&8 steeel
reinforcin) rods. If it is sub=ected to an axial force of &9 !ip# determine the
required diameter of each rod so that 3>* of the load is carried by the concrete
and &>* of the load by the steel.
%
st
' 4?999!si %
con
'*499!si
Solution:
"$-: ,4 un!nowns.
0 F

30 0
st con
P P + +
;nly 3 equation and 4 un!nowns:
Load2deformation relationship:

3
4
st
P P
1
4
con
P P
con st

where

con con
con
con con
P L
E A


st st
st
st st
P L
E A

Sol0e:

con con st st
con con st st
P L P L
E A E A

con st st
st con
st con con
E P L
A A
E P L

4200 0.75
0.434
29000 0.25
st con con
ksi P L
A A A
ksi P L

since

2
6
4
st
d
A
_

,

2 2
6
4 4
con
D d
A
_


,
then

2 2 2
6 0.434 6
4 4 4
d D d
1 _ _

1
, , ]

2 2 2
13.82 6 d D d

2 2
19.82d D

1
0.224
19.82
d D D

0.224(8 ) 1.797 d in in
@ in dia
& ft
&9 !ip
P
con
P
st
&9 !ip